SWET Webinar Wood Fuel Supply and Distribution Business · Woody Biomass Harvesting Guidelines...
Transcript of SWET Webinar Wood Fuel Supply and Distribution Business · Woody Biomass Harvesting Guidelines...
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www.wisconsinwoodenergy.org
Wood Fuel Supply and Distribution Business
Don PetersonExecutive Director
Sustainable Resources Institute
1
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Outline
Fuel typesWoody biomass types/sourceWood pelletsWood fuel availabilitySupply/resource needs
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www.wisconsinwoodenergy.org
Types of Fuel
Manufacturing residue (sawdust, bark, chips)Logging residue (chips)Cord wood (8’ lengths or less)Pellets
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Woody Biomass Categories
Forest Industry ResidueManufacturing Industry Residue (e.g.
pallets)Non-Forest Tree Residue/WasteLogging ResidueWoody Biomass Crops
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Markets for Woody Biomass
Hog FuelDirect Burn
Wood Energy ProductPelletsBriquettesEthanolBiodieselEtc.
Animal BeddingMulch Landscaping
FirewoodComposting
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Forest Industry Residue - WI
90% Utilized ~ 2 million tons of residueBest use/best priceTransportation distance
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Mill Residue - WIGreen (Sawmill)Sawdust (many different markets)Bark (mulch or boiler fuel)Clean chips (pulp mill or boiler
fuel)
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Mill Residue - WI
Dry (Secondary Manufacturers)SawdustChips
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Forest Industry Residue - WI
Once considered waste, it is now in demand for various products
Decline in the forest industry as a whole has reduced the amount of residue available
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Urban/Suburban Wood - WI
A lot of potential292,000 tons estimated – minority is
utilized
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Urban Logging - WI
Lower cost of removalHigh efficiencyMarketable volumesPotential cost offset by marketing wood
products
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WI manufacturers (non-wood Industry)
Generate an estimated 375,000 tons of wood residue annually, of which:230,000 tons are utilized145,000 tons are disposed of Disposal costs WI businesses approximately
$2,100,000 annually
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Thirteen trees cut, processed, & ready for removal
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Taking down a tree near a
powerline
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Starting to cut an Ash in front of an office
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Same Ash on the ground
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Forwarder moving wood
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WI - Landfills - 372
Most do <500 tons of wood per year247,000 estimated tons
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WI - Green Ton Availability –Logging Residue
OwnershipGreen Tons Potentially Available
AnnuallyFederal 138,657State 85,750County 635,178
Private Tax‐Law 773,557Private Non‐Tax Law 773,557
Total 2,406,699
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Logging Residue
Logging Residue (Green chips)Cut-to-lengthWhole tree skidded
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State Whole Tree‐Mech.
CTL‐Mech. CTL‐Hand
Michigan 40 50 10
Minnesota 50 40 10
Wisconsin 15 75 10
Types of Harvesting – Lake States
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Cut-to-Length Mechanized
Products are cut and piled in woodsForwarder takes product
outPiled tops could be
removed in separate trips
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Cut-To-Length Biomass Removal
In a cut-to-length operation with traditional equipment, the cost of delivered woody biomass is in the $25 to $45 per green ton range (depending on a number of variables)
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Whole Tree Cutting and Removal
Mechanized felling and bunchingGrapple skiddingProcess on landingSlasherChainsawChipper
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Logging Residue
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Timber Sale Method InfluenceLump Sum Scaled
Pros: Logger has control of the product
Cons: Pay up-front
Pros: Pay for what you take out
Cons: Can’t deviate from product specifications
vs.
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Raw Material Supply
Sustainable Raw MaterialOwnership of Forest LandSupply Chain (Loggers)Willingness to Commit to Long-Term
Contracts
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Benefits of Logging Residue Removal
High fire hazard areas benefit from fuel reductionMany landowners prefer “park like”
appearanceLocal economy is stimulatedImproved utilization
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Potential Negatives of Residue Removal
Loss of cover for wildlifeNutrient depletionIncreased browsingConflict with trail armoring
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Logging Residue PotentialBiomass is, and will be, an increasing product from our forests.Various factors will affect how and when this happens: Stumpage prices Regulations/guidelines Distance to market(s) New and emerging markets Decline/increase of competing
markets New technology for harvesting,
transporting, and processing
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Woody Biomass Harvesting Guidelines
Developed by Wisconsin’s forestry community in recognition of an emerging interest in wood-based bio-energy.
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Woody Biomass Harvesting Guidelines
Woody biomass offers Wisconsin woodland owners a potential market for a previously underutilized product – small diameter trees and the branches, tops and limbs of harvested trees.
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Woody Biomass Harvesting Guidelines
Emergence of this new market has raised concerns about sustainability including the potential loss of soil nutrients, reduced wildlife habitat, and compaction of forest soils.
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Woody Biomass Harvesting Guidelines
Wisconsin Council on Forestry recognized the need for harvesting guidelines to ensure that woody biomass harvest does not compromise the long-term productivity of Wisconsin’s forestland and that woody biomass is a sustainable, reliable forest product for landowners and timber producers.
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How long has biomass harvesting been occurring in Wisconsin?
A. 5 years
B. 10 years
C. 50 years
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Regeneration HarvestsDry Tons per Acre Timber Type
24 A
18.6 A
13.4 A
25.7 MR
18.8 MR
28.2 OR
29.1 PJ
18.9 PJ
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Selective HarvestsDry Tons per Acre Timber Type
12.4 NH10.9 NH10.6 NH10.2 NH8.2 NH7.6 NH7.2 NH5.1 NH4.7 NH4.1 NH
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Thinning Harvests
Dry Tons per Acre Timber Type
11.1 OR/PW
9.9 PR
7.2 PR
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Woody Biomass Availability
Type of Harvest Mean Dry Tons per Acre
Regeneration 22.1
Selective 8.1
Thinning 9.4
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Biomass Processor Head
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Bundler
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Bundles being forwarded
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Baler
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Eagle Claw Forwarder
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Eagle Claw Forwarder
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Eagle Claw Forwarder & Chipper
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Loading the Chipper
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Chipper
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Chipper
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Chipper Loading the Trailer
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Distribution Systems
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Chip Distribution
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Chip Distribution – Walking Floor Trailer
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Chip Distribution – Dump Station
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Woody Biomass Crops
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Cordwood
Direct from loggers (usually 10 cord loads)Green (40-50% moisture)Dried for a year (25-40% moisture,
diameter and species dependent)Price ($80-$120/cord, dependent on time of
year, other demand markets)A list of loggers can be obtained from the
local DNR office
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Pellets
Residential/PremiumBaggedTotesBulk
CommercialTotesBulk
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Pellet Raw Material
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Premium Pellets
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Which pellet produces more BTUs?
A. Hardwood
B. Softwood
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Pellet Distribution
40 lb bags1 ton totesBulk delivery
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Pellets Being Bagged
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Shrink Wrapping
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One-Ton Pallet of Bags
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www.wisconsinwoodenergy.org
Totes
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Determining availability and price for wood chips
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Amount of Fuel Used
<5000 tons5,000 – 20,000 tons20,000+ tons
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Seasonal or Year-round
ContinuousSporadic
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Fuel Specifications
SpeciesSizeAsh Content
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Ash Content
Clean chips <1%Biomass chips (CTL) 3-5%Biomass chips (whole tree) 4-8%Contaminated 8%+
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Reality
Procurement radiusWhat’s available in that radius?At what price?
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Potential Sources of Woody Biomass
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WE Domtar Plant
50 Megawatt500,000 tons of biomass annually
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WE Domtar Plant
SourcesWood from land cleared of trees for
developmentResidue from saw mills & paper millsUrban wood
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WE Domtar Plant
“Rothschild biomass plant only getting 10% of fuel from forest waste”
stevenspointjournal.com
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Manufacturing and Other
Identify sources and develop a procurement plan
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Facility Location
Need a specific radius/county analysisNeed analysis by ownershipNeed to identify existing and project
competition
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Resource Analysis For a Biomass Facility
Potentially availableReally availableAt what price?
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Summary
Raw material is available – price is the driverSource of wood fuel is location dependentPellets are readily available in Wisconsin
FuelKnowing sources and prices is essential
before installing a wood energy system
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Questions?
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Resources
Statewide Wood Energy Team: www.wisconsinwoodenergy.orgWisconsin Forest Products Services Team
www.dnr.wi.gov;[email protected] Forest Service Forest Products Lab:
www.fpl.fs.fed.us
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This presentation was developed by Don Peterson
Executive DirectorSustainable Resources Institute
Questions, comments & suggestions should be directed to:Don Peterson