SWBAT: -Identify characteristics of an Empire -describe how empires fall October 16, 2015.
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Transcript of SWBAT: -Identify characteristics of an Empire -describe how empires fall October 16, 2015.
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SWBAT:-Identify characteristics of an Empire-describe how empires fall
October 16, 2015
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Empire: Extension of political rule by one people over other peoples.
Unifying diverse people under one common rulehierarchy of subjects
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What do you need to build an Empire?Means of Communication and Transportation:•Vast markets•Ports & Dock yards•Roads
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System of Administration:
Uniform:LanguageCurrencyMeasurementsLegal system
Collects taxes
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Two types of Empires
•Hegemony- impositions of foreign government by consent•Dominance-imposition of foreign government by force.
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Empires are not staticThey rise & fall
Causes to Fall:•Failure of leadership•Overextension of Administration•Collapse of the economy•Doubts over ideology•Military defeat
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SWBAT:-Discuss the importance of the 1st empires-Give examples of how The Akkadians & Babylonians were empires
OCTOBER 19, 2015
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Earliest Empires:
AKKADIANS• Sargon (2334-2279)• Mesopotamia• 2350 Arabian Peninsula• Sargon I conquered cities from the Persian Gulf to the
Mediterranean• Capital city Agade (Akkad)
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Government Administration
• Administration Tablets of Akkad Dynasty• “Sons of Akkad” • Akkad Language•Used former rulers as governors• Standardized Measurements in length, area, dry &
liquid quantities
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•Sumerian culture was strong enough to influence even their conquerors.
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Waves of Invaders:A. Babylonian Empire:•Hammurabi (1792 – 1750)•Admin. Network lasted 250 years
B. Hittites (Indo-Europeans)•2 wheeled chariots• Iron workings•Conquered Babylonian Empire• scuffles with Egypt
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III. Early EmpiresC. Babylonian Empire & The Code of
Hammurabi* Criminal v. Civil Law
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Assyrian Empire “A City Bathed in Blood”A. Defeated areas of Palestine, Babylonia & Egypt
I. Assyria acquired a large empire between 850-650 b.c.eB. Accomplished by Military organization and state of the art weapons
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II. Origins
A. From Northern MesopotamiaA1. Geography
B. Developed warlike behavior to fight off attacksC. Empire from East and North of the Tigris River
through central Egypt
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The Assyrian Empire
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III. Military Organization and Conquest
A. Society glorified military strengthA2. Weapons- Iron swords , iron pointed spears,
archers, iron shields
SIEGE WARFAREAND TERROR!!!!!
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Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian soldiers carrying away the enemy’s
gods.
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C. Captured Cities- Assyrians showed no mercy to people they captured
C1. Bounty on peoples heads- reward for the heads of enemy soldiers
C2. Enslaved or killed people of the city they captured
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IV. Governing LandsA. Assyrian officials governed area closest to
AssyriaA1. Assyrian Capital was established at Nineveh
B. Chose rulers to govern areas conquered, armies protected the new areas
C. New lands brought taxes and tribute to Assyria
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Nineveh
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V. Empire Crumbles
A.Assyrian’s brutality created many enemies
B.612 b.c.e combined armies of Medes and Chaldeans burned Nineveh to the ground.
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Assyrian Achievements
•Library of Nineveh, which had more than 20,000 cuneiform tablets, which were collected across the empire – one being the Epic of Gilgamesh
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I. Middle Kingdom(2000-1650 b.c.e.)A. Conquered by Nubia
B. 2nd Intermediate Period (1650-1550 b.c.e)B1. Immigrant Semitic group- HYKSOS ruled lower Egypt•Introduced Bronze making tech.•Horse & Chariot
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II. New Kingdom (1550- 1070 b.c.e.)A. Ran out the Hyksos into PalestineA1. Became involved w/ the Middle EastA2. Lead to their Imperial Presence
B. Thutmmosis III (1504-1492 b.c.e.)B1. Created Egypt's greatest Historical Empire
-B2. Further into Nubia-B3. North East to the Euphrates River
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C. Syria & Palestine were independent, but paid taxes to the Empire
D. Egyptian concerns- taxes, raw materials & trade opportunities
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III. The Art of Palace & TempleA. Ramses II (1279- 1213
b.c.e.)A1. Constructed one of the greatest temples
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B. Hatshepsut (1473- 1458)•1st of 4 FEMALE pharaohs•Widow- served in place of her stepson•Declared herself “king”•Depicted as a man•Pyramid near Thebes- dedicated to Amon
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C. Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten)
(1352-1336 b.c.e.)•Changed his name•Adapted Monotheism•Moved the Capital 200 mi. North into the Desert
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Queen Nefertiti“The most beautiful woman in the world”
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IV. Egyptian Control Ends
A. Ended around 1200 b.c.e.* trade continued
B. Series of Defeats pushed it back with in the Nile
C. Egypt in some areas were conquered by the Nubians, Assyrians, Persians, Greeks & Romans
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KINGDOM OF KUSH NUBIA
Important source of trade foods for Egypt, was under Egyptian control Rise of Kush
After the fall of the New Kingdom- Nubia becomes Independent as the State of Kush
750- Kush conquers Egypt. Kush- Trading State
Originally based on farming Iron Ore- iron weapons, tools fore export Traded- Africa, Roman Empire, Arabia, & India
Decline Driven out of Egypt by Assyrians in 750 Rise of the state of Axum- Ethiopia