Suthanthira Selvan, HRM Fire Saf ety Training Suthanthira Selvan.

Suthanthira Selvan, HRM

““Fire SafFire Safety ety Training” Training”

Suthanthira Selvan


The employer should implement a written fire safety policy which requires the immediate and total evacuation of employees from the workplace …and which includes an emergency action plan and fire prevention plan…


The employer should provided portable fire extinguishers… the employer shall provide an educational program to familiarize employees with general principles of fire extinguisher use and the hazards involved with incipient stage fire fighting.


Where Fire Can Start ?

• Transformer• Air conditioners• Server Room• Battery Charger Room• Plant Room• Pantry• Office• Car Parking


Causes of Fire

• Faulty Electrical Equipments /Wiring• Poor House Keeping• Overloaded Electrical Systems• Over Heating of Equipment / Servers• Careless Handling of Fire Like disposal

Cigarettes, Naked flames, Inflammable Materials etc.

• Spontaneous Combustion (Sun / Direct Heat)


Fire Detection

• Manual - Use of senses

(Sight, Hearing, Smell)

• Systems - Smoke Detectors, Heat Sensors


Methods

• Beating• Blanketing• Use of Sand• Use of Water • Foam• Carbon Di-Oxide• Dry Chemical Powder


TRADITIONAL COMMON FIRE CLASSIFICATIONS

“Ordinary” combustibles Paper, wood, rubber, plastics and

textiles.

“Flammable liquids” Oil, gasoline, solvents

“Energized circuits”

Electrical equipment and computers


Latest Classification of Fire

• TYPE ‘A’ (Solids) Paper, Wood, Fabric etc.

• TYPE ‘B’ (Liquids) Petroleum Products, Paint, Oil etc.

• TYPE ‘C’ (Gases) LPG, CNG, Hydrogen, Acetylenes, Electricity Cables, Wires, Etc.

• TYPE ‘D’ (Metals) Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium etc


• Don’t Use the Water to extinguish electricity cables fire, because Electrical Shock may pass through water.

• Don’t Use the Water to extinguish Oil fire because water will go down and Oil will comes up.


OBJECTIVES:After this training you should be able to:

• IDENTIFY common classes of fires

• SELECT the proper type of extinguisher

• EVALUATE when it is safe to fight an “early-stage” fire, and;

• APPLY the “P.A.S.S. method to operate a portable extinguisher.


UNTRAINED PEOPLE Cannot use a fire extinguisher safely

because they are:

• UNABLE to evaluate a fire

• UNAWARE of DANGER due to...

• LACKING JUDGEMENT regarding:

– Safe and correct use of, and

– Limitations of portable extinguishers


WHY UNTRAINED PEOPLECan’t use a fire extinguisher safely

(continued):

INEXPERIENCED• Don’t know about the

proper type of extinguisher • Don’t know how to make

a “Fight or Flight” analysis• Unfamiliar with the

“P.A.S.S. method”


Portable Fire Extinguishers

LIMITED IN:• Capacity - 1.5 to 25 lbs. of extinguishing

agent

• Range - Typically 3 to 15 feet

• Duration - Discharge their contents in only

5 to 30 seconds!


Extinguisher Common features

• Locking pin• Carrying handle / operating lever • Pressure gauge• Label :

– Type (Water, C02, Dry Chemical)– Classification (A, B, C)– NFPA capacity Rating– Instructions

• Discharge nozzle or horn


Remember the PASS

word:

1) Keep your back to a clear escape route,

2) Stand back 6 to 8 feet from the fire,

3) Then >>:

P.A.S.S.PULL

AIM

SQUEEZE

SWEEP


PULL the pin


AIMAim the base of the fire


SQUEEZEthe lever


SWEEPfrom side to side


Use a portable extinguisher ONLY if the:

• Building is being evacuated (Fire alarm has been pulled)

• Fire Department has been called (Dial 101)

• Fire is NOT spreading (small and contained)

• EXIT IS CLEAR (fight fire with your back to an exit )

• Proper extinguisher is at hand, and...– You have been trained and know how to use it!– You use “Buddy System” - have someone back you up!

• Get assistance BEFORE trying to fight a fire!


Fire Fighting Team

The following fire fighting team to be set upped and trained when Fire safety training and give mock drills.

• Safety Team In case of fire they have to give alert to all floor, Switch

off the main EB panel inform to Fire Service, EB and etc.• Extinguish Team This team should attempt to extinguish the fire.• Rescue Team This team should help to handicapped, Pregnant, feared

employees to rescue and to check and ensure there nobody into the factory including the toilets or any interior places


• In the event of a building catching fire, the speed with which the information reaches all inmates assumes paramount importance.

• Factors that need consideration are listed below;• Fire detection must be rapid and reliable. This

could be through human agency or electronic systems, such as smoke detectors or a combination of both (should one fail).

• Warning of fire must be given without loss of time. This could be through voice, manual alarm or electronic alarm system.

Evacuation


• All personnel must understand the warning. This is achieved through detailed briefing of all personnel initially and rehearsals at regular intervals.

• Escape routes must be clear of obstruction at all times so that evacuation takes place smoothly and without panic. This can only be achieved through good house keeping, regular maintenance, proper disposal of unwanted /waste material and regular rehearsals.

• The escape routes must also be unaffected by fire and smoke, as maximum casualties occur due to inhalation of smoke causing asphyxia. This can be facilitated by the correct selection of exit routes for our personnel so that they can move out rapidly into the open into the assembly area where they can breathe-in the fresh air.

Evacuation


Ensure Regularly the following things;• Fire Extinguisher should be kept in 3 feet height,• Fire Extinguisher signage in Tamil and English,• Fire Extinguisher operation instruction in Tamil and

English near every fire extinguisher.• Fire extinguisher background wall should be marked in

Yellow and Block colour.• Access area should not be any hindrance.• One extinguisher for at least every 100 sq.ft.• Space kept empty and marked beneath extinguisher• All extinguisher are good working condition,• Adequate fire bucket with sand and water

Checklist


Ensure Regularly the following things;• Fire extinguisher to EB Main switch area, Server room,

Diesel Storage area, etc. are mandatory• Emergency exit with outside open facility,• Emergency lights in all stair cases• All emergency lights should be good condition• Emergency exit should be kept in open and free from

any obstacles.• Emergency exit signage with UPS are battery backup

light.• Fire Alarm is good condition• Etc.

Checklist


HOW THEY WORK:

• Works by Works by cooling.cooling. • Numerical rating indicates amount of agent, duration, and range of

discharge on test fires.• Area of Class A fire which a “non-expert” can extinguish, with Area of Class A fire which a “non-expert” can extinguish, with

proper trainingproper training – 1-A is 1-A is equivalent on Class-A fire to five liters of waterequivalent on Class-A fire to five liters of water. . – 22-A contains has -A contains has twice as muchtwice as much extinguishing agent. extinguishing agent.


HOW THEY WORK:

• Works by blanketing the fuel. Works by blanketing the fuel. • Interrupts chemical reaction at fuel surface.Interrupts chemical reaction at fuel surface. • Class B ratings signify the Class B ratings signify the area in square feetarea in square feet

of flammable liquid fire a unit will extinguish of flammable liquid fire a unit will extinguish when used, by a trained, “non-expert.”when used, by a trained, “non-expert.”


HOW THEY WORK:

• Class “C” units have no numerical rating.• A Class “C” rating doesn’t imply any capacity.• Only indicates that the extinguishing agent is Only indicates that the extinguishing agent is non-conductivenon-conductive, ,

safe on energized equipment.safe on energized equipment.• Works by displacing oxygen, smothering fire.


HOW THEY WORK:

• Class D - Metals: potassium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium

• Unless you work in a laboratory or in an industry that uses these materials, it is unlikely you'll have to deal with a Class D fire. It takes special extinguishing agents (Metal-X, foam) to fight such a fire.


COMMON TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:

• WATER • DRY CHEMICAL• CO2 and Halon


WATER

• Water + CO2 propellant

• ONLY for Class firesONLY for Class fires

–wood / paper, etc.

• Spreads burning liquids!

• DANGERDANGER of electric shock if used on on live circuits!


DRY CHEMICAL MULTI-PURPOSE RATED

• Best for general use:• Reduced risk of re-ignition• A 10 lb. unit empties in 8-10 secs.

– Effective range of 6 ft. to 15 ft.

Either Or


C02 - Rated• Best on burning liquids / electrical• SHORT range - 3 to 8 ft.• 10- pound unit empties in 5 to 10 seconds!

– Use short spurts!

• DISPERSES QUICKLY! – Continue applying after the fire is out!

• Unit gets VERY cold - hold properly


Halon• Best for computers / electronics• Weight-for-weight TWICE as effective as C02

• No residue, easy clean-up• VERY SHORT range, 3 to 6 ft.

• Like C02, Discharges QUICKLY!

• Like C02, Disperses QUICKLY!– Continue after flames are extinguished


In case of burning odor or smoke:

• Switch of main electricity

• Call 101 First!

• Notify Security

• Disconnect Equipment – Remove combustibles, if you can do so without danger to

yourself

• Notify Floor Monitors– and Emergency Safety Coordinator


REACT upon discovery of fire or smoke

Remove persons in immediate danger!

Ensure doors are closed! (confine fire/smoke)

Activate the building alarm !

Call the Fire Department !

Treat ALL fires as DANGEROUS!– Continue a complete building evacuation

– Do not attempt to fight a fire UNLESS you are Fire Safety training certified in use of a fire extinguisher !


OK, It’s out…Now What?

• WATCH the fire area– If the fire flares up again repeat! – If you can’t control the fire, LEAVE immediately!

• Call the fire department to inspect the scene! • Recharge or replace any used fire extinguisher!


Thank You.

Note:- Fire can extinguish on earliest stage,

All security guards should have awareness about fire fighting,

Feel free H.R. department to any kind of Safety Training.

-Suthanthira Selvan

Suthanthira Selvan, HRM Fire Saf ety Training Suthanthira Selvan.

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