Sustaining the techno -economic success of Rogers with...

Sustaining the technoSustaining the techno--economic success of Rogers economic success of Rogers

with entrepreneurial activity.with entrepreneurial activity.

Professor J. A. Sekhar (Jai)My thoughts for you……

"Moving Innovation Forward Through Entrepreneurial Activity".

Rogers Annual Meeting, September 13, 2006 Mystic Connecticut

J. A. Sekhar Copyright 2006

Successful CorporationsSuccessful Corporations……& Staff& Staff

Inside a large corporation, very talented folks are brilliantly involved with/about the firms purpose, products, and processes.

But are they entrepreneurial?

Is it required? Can the

corporation tolerate

an entrepreneur? What

kind of entrepreneur?


Entrepreneur SuccessEntrepreneur Success

· likes to compete

· is a self-starter

· is able to determine risk and has

the courage to take risks but is not

a gambler

· is independent and self-

confident, yet knows when to get

help

· is able to do many things at once

· likes a challenge

· is creative, and has dreams and

goals

· likes to work for him/herself

and be in control

· hardworking and willing to

stick with a project

· is not easily discouraged

· is in good health, has lots of

energy and can handle stress

· has a strong sense of self-worth

· is motivated by a strong desire

to achieve and attain financial

success

· is a positive thinker who does

not dwell on setbacks

· focuses his/her attention on the

chances of success rather than the

chances of failure

· often has a close friend or

When is entrepreneurial behavior equal to innovation in large companies?


Dispel the Myth: Change does not always equal Entrepreneurship or Innovation.

Credit: New Yorker

Well so much for working for change within Well so much for working for change within

the organization!the organization!

Cartoon from the New

Yorker

Dog wants a

change


Key Words and Drivers that need to be Key Words and Drivers that need to be

meshed.meshed.

� Corporate Level: Process, standardization, planning, forecast, alignment, resource allocation, positioning, core competencies, programming, budgeting, implementation, analysis, competitive advantage, balanced score-card, activity-based management, cross-functional coordination, market feed-back, main customers,80/20, innovation……...

� Entrepreneurial Individual: Risk taker, innovator, dogged, visionary, change agent, champion intuition _______ words that describe entrepreneur_______ one who systematically pursue opportunities……. is creative, and has dreams and goals .. likes to work for him/herself and be in control ...deals with failure, passionate.

Dini Petty


Content Content

� Context of this talk

� Background of Speaker

� Inventions and Innovation

� Platform

� Entrepreneurship and Leadership

� Home stretch.. Misc. (…a few surprises!). Final Take-away.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

� Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering (integration)


Invention and Innovation. Definition. Not all Invention and Innovation. Definition. Not all

Inventions lead to Innovation.Inventions lead to Innovation.

� Invention – (Technology and Intelligence- IP issues predominate).

� High notion of value. Small teams or individuals.� Eureka Moments, Discoveries, Unanticipated directions

– 1um to 100nm to 10nm (Nano technologies) Increased PropertiesSome Inventions can be highly novel and potentially

disruptive The airplane, nano technologies but also Aluminum, so can inventing a company.

� Innovation – (Market Place Effectiveness - Cost and Profit issues predominate). Notion of value tempered by notion of cost.

– Most often large number production (larger teams)

– Plus Reduced Defects

– Plus Improved Properties. Continuous Improvement.

– Plus better ROI against competing ventures

1876

YS σ

nm----------------mm

Some are seemingly stupid Inventions;

A wind powered fan.

A hydrogen fuel-cell to make hydrogen electrolytically

A high density aluminum alloy


Road to InnovationRoad to Innovation� Invention is necessary, but not

sufficient for innovation to occur.

� Innovation is multi-dimensional.– Vision with the invention

– Market need, timing, technologies require convergence

– Marketing and finance issues are very important

� Innovation requires an implementation strategy to succeed

� Next few slides - we now attempt an understanding of innovation and radical innovation from an activity analysis……

Credit Gene Danko

Indo-US 2004 Trivandrum

Henry Ford, Mr. Parmenter, Thomas Edison and President Calvin Coolidge.

Innovation requires complimentary technologies and teams


Invention and InnovationInvention and Innovation

� Inventions may be technical

� Innovations do not have to be - Note that one can have market innovations or business model innovations that need not involve new technology.

� The combine was patented in 1834 by Hiram Moore, the same year as Cyrus McCormick was granted a patent on the mechanical reaper.


Background of your speakerBackground of your speaker


The early years (The early years (……from the from the DoonDoon

valley....to the plains of Illinoisvalley....to the plains of Illinois…….).)

Undergraduate IIT Kanpur

High School

Graduate School: University of Illinois U-C


J. A. Sekhar J. A. Sekhar

ResearchResearch

� MS Thesis Thixoforging 1979� Ph. D Thesis Laser Materials

Interaction 1981/82. Moving Boundary Problems.

� 1982-1987 Materials/Lasers /Solidification/ High Pressure Solidification

� 1987-1992 Solidification and Pattern Formation

� 1992-1999 Micropyretics and Applications to Aluminum Electrochemistry

� 1999-2005 Thermal Systems/Plasma/MoSi2/I&I

� 1995 onward MHI spin-off from UC License

Scorecard

Multi- Million Dollars Brought to UC

Funded by NSF, DOD, DOE, Private Industry, EMTEC etc.

Publish in Nature, Acta Mat., Current Science, Mat Trans. etc. Several recognitions.


Constant product invention Constant product invention andand innovation at innovation at …….. leads to .. leads to

innovation at customer sites. Look and feel of MHI innovation at customer sites. Look and feel of MHI Advanced Materials & Thermal Products in this slide.Advanced Materials & Thermal Products in this slide.

Ability to perform in several sectors of the new economy from nano to bio to hydrogen


Value growth is practiced with Value growth is practiced with

cross platform augmentation cross platform augmentation

across successful group of across successful group of

companies.companies.

THIS SLIDE BLANKED FOR

PUBLIC USE OF THIS

PRESENTATION


Major Growth StagesMajor Growth Stages

1992-1999 1999-2004 2002-2013

Returning 180% IRR. How?


PUBLIC USE OF THIS

PRESENTATION


Manifestation of systemic

challenges?

I wonder how long will it take to get to their intended destination(s)

Everybody in

the

organization

wants to do a

good job at

work. They

often feel that

the system

stops them

Top

Heavy


The stress of rapid growth The stress of rapid growth --

� Conflicts

� Inefficiency

� The same factors which promoted rapid growth-diversity, intelligence etc. lead to volatility

� Confused. Leaving people behind. No innovation.

� Need to understand process

� Manage synergies

� Understand unique opportunities

� Manage…Manage…Manage

� Manage Stress

Assuming 120 people

Inefficiency loss estimate is $10,000x 30x4= $1.2 Million

…speed for stabilization is important… …..what is our individual and collective cost

Rule: As an organization

becomes inefficient it

becomes more resistant to

change and more costly to

repair.


Needed to think through this. Self Needed to think through this. Self

Study.Study.

Platform not communicated

Invention-Innovation Process not understood

Incorrect/Inexperienced a.k.a. Leadership/Entrepreneurial activity not effective.


Why a platform? Why a platform?

� Example University of Cincinnati- 1 Billion $ budget

� BLANKED FOR THIS DOWNLOAD

Robert Kaplan and David Norton, co-creators of the Balanced Scorecard - strategic maps.

2 examples2 examples


PlatformsPlatforms………………not interchangeablenot interchangeable


Standards of ExcellenceStandards of Excellence

UC/21 UC platform UC/21 UC platform

Cultural Competence

Selectivity with Clear Access Pathways

Revenue Generation and Performance-based Budgeting

Economic Force

Students First

UC Community

East-West Connections

Community Partnerships

Students First

UC Anytime/Anyplace

Exchange Programs

Experiential Learning

Community Partnerships

Experts in Residence

Seamless Transitions/PK-16

Cincinnati Healthy

National Presence and Recognition

Selectivity with Clear Access Pathways

The Guiding Principles of Academic Programs

Liberal Education as Our Core

Teaching Matters

World-Class Faculty

Research Excellence

High-Profile Interdisciplinary Centers

World-Class Faculty

Teaching as Scholarship

Students First

Select UC

UC Anytime/Anyplace

CreatingOpportunity

Establishing A Sense Of

“Place”

Engaging in Key

Relationships & Partnerships

AchievingAcademic Excellence

Building Upon Our Research

Excellence

Becoming More Student

Centered

Becoming

Excellent/Entrepreneurial

and not run-of-the-mill

Sometimes we need a friendly target which sets the bar--

A UC student and an Ohio State student are walking down the road

when the UC student says, "How sad...A dead bird." The Ohio State

student looks up and says, "Where, where?"


Every year Every year …….. aims to improve the .. aims to improve the

…….capability of its products. This is a platform .capability of its products. This is a platform

also.also.

IR

3000C


PUBLIC USE OF THIS

PRESENTATION


Internal Communication with PlatformInternal Communication with Platform………………

� The first element of a platform driven organization is that the platform is known, understood, respected and dominant throughout the organization.

� The main attribute of a platform is that is broad in scope and deep in meaning and impact.

'Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?' 'That depends a good deal on where you want to get to,' said the Cat. 'I don't much care where --' said Alice. 'Then it doesn't matter which way you go,' said the Cat. '--so long as I get somewhere,' Alice added as an explanation. ~ Lewis Carroll, (1832-98)

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Trust MotivationCommunication

People to People

Communication

& Tools

Communication without

platform


Rest of the talk. Rest of the talk.

� Where is your company in its life cycle?

� How do you invent and innovate.

� What does entrepreneurial activity mean in your company vis-à-vis leadership?

-------------------------------------� What is the

goal/target……and we have communicated it to the entire company?

Being extraordinary starts with being ordinary — ordinary persons who are willing to develop themselves.It is not somewhere to get to, but rather, who we can develop ourselves to be.

Are you an extraordinary Are you an extraordinary company?company?


Life cycle notion:Life cycle notion:

……simple for a commercial product simple for a commercial product

Color TV 12 Years

Playstation 10 Months

Life cycles for materials are quite different


The same pattern in materials and The same pattern in materials and

energyenergy…….is it universal?.is it universal?

1800 1850 1900 1950 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5x 10

5

Year

Min

e P

rod

uctio

n

Al (scaled)Cu (scaled)Pb (scaled)MoW

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5x 10

7

Activity--

-->

Al


Dow JonesDow Jones…… similar looking patternsimilar looking pattern

Patterns


Stage 3 Cost of Energy (COE) and Stage 3 Cost of Energy (COE) and

Price ReductionPrice Reduction


Invention and Innovation.Invention and Innovation.

y= x**n * [α *x**2 + β *x* sin (ω *x)]

δ

µµ

*

expexp*exp

v

v

x

v

x

−−

−

Materials Science/Engineering

Chemical

Engineering

Innovation Driven Activity


How do we invent? What is a How do we invent? What is a

successful invention? Long cycle successful invention? Long cycle

productsproducts……....� Nam-Suh: (a) maintain the independence of functional requirements in the relationships between the different descriptions (of customer, function, embodiment and manufacture) which are used during the design process and (b) minimize the information required to produce the design. The axiomatic approach is very tough for long cycle products.

� Me: Make it a lot more simple: Market Desire, Experience and Pattern Approach. Leave it to the leader.

Complexity after-all has to be grappled with by ordinary folks.


Innovation and Rapid/Radical Innovation and Rapid/Radical

GrowthGrowth

α β ω δ n µ v Xo R2

Aluminium 1.7 30 0.5 2.32e6 1.6 43 0.5 1900 0.9728

Copper 0.7 10 0.5 2.32e6 1.1 116 2 1801 0.9225

Lead 0.0015*x^2+

0.3093*x 5 0.5 2e6 0.45 90 0.4 1822 0.9065

Molybdenum -0.0005*x^2

+0.0619*x 0.5 1.0 2.32e3 0.5 15 1.0 1902 0.9568

Tungsten -1.97e-5*x^2

+0.002 0.9 0.4 1.5e5 1.2 13 1.5 1905 0.5225

Innovation Rapid/Radical Innovation

y= y= xxnn * [* [αα *x*x22 + + ββ *x*sin (*x*sin (ωω*x)]*x)]

Where Where αα, , ββ, n, , n, ωω are parametersare parameters

Radical Innovation is [α *x *(2+n) ] dominated

Ref: Chinmaya and Sekhar. RP ay 2006


ROG and CRDN ROG and CRDN -- $350million going $350million going

to $700 millionto $700 million--20072007

Stage III

Rogers

Ceradyne


As long as As long as αα>0 and n>0 we get Innovation and Rapid Innovation. >0 and n>0 we get Innovation and Rapid Innovation. The rate of growth of activity is noted to be extremely sensitivThe rate of growth of activity is noted to be extremely sensitive to e to αα and n. and n.

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2x 10

7

Normalised Year

Activ

ity

α =2

α = -1

α =0

α =1

β = 30 ω =0.5 µ =20 ν =0.9 δ =5e6

Radical Innovation is [α *x *(2+n) ] dominatedWe are interested in the rate of growth

(2+n)αx*(1+n) must be positive

--------------------and--------------------------------

d(log (y=activity)) proportional to

2.3d((2+n)log (x) + log α)~10

Very Difficult

431.62.32e60.5301.7Aluminum

µnδωβαparameters

Normalized Year


ROG and ROG and

CRDNCRDN

Stage III

Rogers

Ceradyne

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14x 10

7

Normalized years

Activ

ity

n =1.4

n =1.2

n =1.0

n =0.5

α =2β =30ω =0.5δ =5e6µ =20ν =0.9

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2x 10

7

Normalised Year

Activ

ity

α =2

α = -1

α =0

α =1

β = 30 ω =0.5 µ =20 ν =0.9 δ =5e6


αα can go negative after some time. Stage IV . See below can go negative after some time. Stage IV . See below real example for real example for PbPb..

1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 20000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4x 10

6

Year

Activ

ity

Pb- Stage IV integrated

α = -0.0015*x.2+ 0.3093*x β =5 ω =0.5 µ =90 ν =2.3 δ =2.7e6

Origin =1822

From raw data

from inegrated activity equation

0 50 100 150 200 250 300-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

Pb

Mo

W

Radical innovation is influenced by time so try hard for α to remain positive.

αα is clearly related to is clearly related to

supplysupply


Price reduction will happen. Of course Price reduction will happen. Of course

best if this can be controlled internally best if this can be controlled internally

and not by factors like China Inc. type and not by factors like China Inc. type

price busters which are very disruptive price busters which are very disruptive

and severe.and severe.

� Selling Price ($)

Life (years)

Drop in price forces innovation in production practice.

Driving market size by the supply function is fascinating and must be addressed by every manufacturer.

* Elastic supply

Non-captive-

Free competition

Captive-Monopolistic

Price reduction will happen. Price reduction will happen.

Of course best if this can be Of course best if this can be

controlled internally and not controlled internally and not

by factors like China Inc. type by factors like China Inc. type

price busters which are very price busters which are very

disruptive and severe.disruptive and severe.


Fascinating result for thermal systems.Fascinating result for thermal systems.

Log (P) = a+b.L+c.LLog (P) = a+b.L+c.L22+m. T+m. TT is temperature (C), L is part (plant) size and a, b, T is temperature (C), L is part (plant) size and a, b,

c, m are constants. Focus on m.c, m are constants. Focus on m.

Material Temperature (Tw), (°C) a b(cm-1) c(cm-2) m(°°°°C-1)Aluminum Oxide 800 -3.3144 0.3568 -1.54x10-2 0.04886Aluminum Oxide 1100 -3.4567 0.3306 -1.28x10-2 0.05328Aluminum Oxide 1600 -3.4012 0.3824 -1.73x10-2 0.05453Aluminum 700 -2.1120 0.04186 -2.20x10-4 0.05177Aluminum 900 -2.2483 0.04185 -2.20x10-4 0.05369Iron 700 -2.3255 0.08378 -8.81x10-4 0.05760Iron 800 -2.6291 0.08376 -8.80x10-4 0.05875Iron 1400 -2.2955 0.08388 -8.81x10-4 0.05409

dLog(P) proportional to (C + m.dT) (more

accurately partial differential, however assume size of part L is unchanged)

Ref: Singh, Basu……Sekhar et al..JOM 2003


Energizing the utility function and Energizing the utility function and

expanding market size can keep expanding market size can keep α, α, n n positive and large for innovationspositive and large for innovations

� Market Size/Reach Expansion� Implies improved productivity

and manufacturing cost reduction have to be addressed.

�Utility - expanding the use requirements and has the potential pitfall of making the material redundant when new performance materials are found. Utility function improvement may possibly also be called the “constant new incremental product introduction strategy”.


� From combining the two previous equations

we get 2.3(m.∆T)=10 For 2X or 10X gain per year and m =~0.05

� ∆T=(2 or 10/2.3)/m~1000/10=about 20 -100

2x per year - 20ºC per year

10x per year - 100ºC per year


Entrepreneurship and LeadershipEntrepreneurship and Leadership

• Views from a personal and known organizational perspective.

• Relate what we have learnt so far to E&L


The Struggle of an EntrepreneurThe Struggle of an Entrepreneur……how do you rise how do you rise

past the valley of death. How to you create past the valley of death. How to you create

conditions for a positive conditions for a positive αα and n.and n.Lewis Branscomb 2004 Duke

L. & Tech. Rev.005


Driving the innovation has different facets in each sector. Driving the innovation has different facets in each sector.

This means the entrepreneur leader in each case will have This means the entrepreneur leader in each case will have different skill sets.different skill sets.

Mark

et

Technology

New

NewExisting

Existing

e.g. Fractal Materials

Seed idea or product at the beginning of stage III

Move Business to China

Cluster leader

Venture

From J. A.

Sekhar

Unpublished

ideas 2005

An entrepreneur as a leader. An entrepreneur as a leader. PremisePremise: All members are leaders. : All members are leaders. Our task is to find the Our task is to find the

leader of leaders leader of leaders (also called type 3 Leader in Management jargon(also called type 3 Leader in Management jargon--now type 5 in goodnow type 5 in good--toto--great).great).

(Type 1 & 2 Leaders) Today, many leaders in America are primarily problem solvers. Occasionally, they help organizationsset and change the strategic direction of their organizations. More often, they merely solve problems like revenue shortfalls, make human resource allocation decisions, select and guide marketing campaigns and serve as the “spokesperson/cheerleader” of the organization.

(Type 3 Leader) “Leaders of leaders” have a different role. They develop a platform upon which the organization and the organization’s “leaders” set the tone, ethic and direction of an organization as well as figure out the best answers to systemic challenges and entire classes of problems an organization can face.

Herb Rubenstein CEO, Growth Strategies Inc.

Put the best teams in place………… then lead. Good to great.


http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leadstl.html


How Right-Brain vs. Left-Brain Thinking Impacts Learning: example University

Curriculum--In order to be more "whole-brained" in their orientation, we need to give equal weight to

the arts, creativity, and the skills of imagination and synthesis.

Instruction-Teachers should use instruction techniques that connect with both sides of the brain. They

can increase their classroom's right-brain learning activities by incorporating more patterning,

metaphors, analogies, role playing, visuals, and movement into their reading, calculation, and analytical

activities.

Assessment--For a more accurate whole-brained evaluation of student learning, we as educators must

develop new forms of assessment that honor right-brained talents and skills.

emphasizes creativity“Life does not consist mainly, or even largely, of facts and happenings. It consists mainly of the stream of thought that is forever flowing through one's head.” - Mark Twain

RandomIntuitiveHolisticSynthesizingSubjectiveLooks at wholes

LogicalSequentialRationalAnalyticalObjectiveLooks at parts

Right BrainLeft Brain

Management CharacteristicsEnhancement of Department Resources. Promoting the Department

Rapidity and Persistence


'I Can Live With Doubt'I Can Live With Doubt‘‘ 19181918--19881988………….Engineering Uncertainty.Engineering Uncertainty……..Quantum ..Quantum

TunnelingTunneling…… Multidimensional PhysicsMultidimensional Physics…….Black holes.Black holes…… Energy SourcesEnergy Sources

� Professor Feynman liked to speak of ''the laws,'' meaning the laws of nature, in a particularly clean and classical sense. ''If the only laws that you find are those which you have just finished observing, then you can never make any predictions,'' he said. Without Quantum Mechanics there is no answer to the butterfly in the hand question

� ''Of course, this means that science is uncertain - the moment that you make a proposition about a region of experience that you have not directly seen, then you must be uncertain,'' he continued. ''But we always must make statements about the regions that we have not seen, or the whole business is no use.'‘

In opposition perhaps to:

Einstein, who claimed that "God does not play dice with the universe"

Enter string theory. TOE

A leader who can live with uncertainty.


Management DilemmaManagement Dilemma……....

� Do you allow some chaos in order for the best ideas to surface…….out of the box. Concern: can chaos lead to serious inefficiencies? Can it get-away from you.

or� Is it better to have a stricter approach/standardization….

For Professor Nam Suh of MIT the answer is clear…..axiomatic approach with independence between functional groups. But does a heavy dependence on a systems approach lead to inefficiencies?

� ………………………………what’s the balance. BLINK? Which method leads to the best decisions/outcome? i.e. Careful analysis or your gut?


The entrepreneur innovatorThe entrepreneur innovator……

persistence comes from a persistence comes from a

Quitters never winQuitters never win

Winners never quitWinners never quit

But some never quit But some never quit

and never winand never win………….

leader who leader who

does not try to does not try to

start a fire start a fire

under people. under people.

Starts the fire Starts the fire

within them.within them.


Sometimes will get stuckSometimes will get stuck……also called a crisisalso called a crisis……. but . but

will have the will have the patiencepatience not to self destruct when not to self destruct when

stuckstuck……..determination...determination.

Even when you get stuck you can enjoy the view and build bridges with a lot of friendly care-givers.


Today Teaming is called ClustersToday Teaming is called ClustersInnovation Networks.Innovation Networks.

Geographically concentrated networks and value chains of supplieGeographically concentrated networks and value chains of suppliers and/or knowledge rs and/or knowledge

instituted with the aim of fostering innovations. (Hospers and instituted with the aim of fostering innovations. (Hospers and BeugelsdikjBeugelsdikj, 2002), 2002)

Cluster Diagram.Cluster Diagram.

Nucleus

C53

S25

S11

S24

S35

S13

C41

C24

C54

C55

G11

U11Modified from N. Reid and M. Carroll, Toledo 2006

Invention to sales


Consensus BuildingConsensus Building

Identify and understand the myriad interests and

issues at stake;

Determine, on the basis of academic, financial and

technical considerations, whether joint fact finding is

appropriate in the given case;

Plan the joint-fact-finding process, determining, for

example, which stakeholders need to be involved, what

roles various participants will play, and how severe

disparities in participants' expertise will be addressed;

Define the precise questions to be addressed, as well as

the most appropriate methods of analysis;

Agree on how to use the joint-fact-finding results,

including how to accommodate conflicting data and

interpretations; and

Communicate the results of the joint-fact-finding

process to various constituencies and policymakers

Management Style

Transparency &


Leader must be a great negotiatorLeader must be a great negotiator

� Alignment of Expectations


One of the significant strengths of a corporationOne of the significant strengths of a corporation

and its leaderand its leader……

We are a culturally and ethnically diverse organization.

We are competing globally

Do we have a common platform?Do we have a common platform?

Do we exploit our vast International Do we exploit our vast International

ExperienceExperience??


Continuous Measures of SuccessContinuous Measures of Success

example from a Engineering Dept in a Universityexample from a Engineering Dept in a University

Fuzzy MeasuresFuzzy Measures�� Is the Department a better Is the Department a better

place to work in?place to work in?�� Does everyone feel respectedDoes everyone feel respected�� Are we empowering and Are we empowering and

helping existing staff and helping existing staff and facultyfaculty

�� Is CME one teamIs CME one team�� Are all expectations, Are all expectations,

communicated, shared and communicated, shared and metmet

�� Are the quality of our hires Are the quality of our hires getting better with timegetting better with time

�� RetentionRetention�� Are we continuously focusing Are we continuously focusing

the light, polish the lens, or the light, polish the lens, or Covey.. sharpening the sawCovey.. sharpening the saw

Exact measures e. g

� Did the morale double in two months?

� At what rate are we increasing revenue?

� What is our publication rate?

� How fast are we becoming a top ten CME school?

� Are we getting more applicants? Customers?

� Research Cluster Generation?

� Research Centers?

Summary simple rule of management: Trust and empower all employees to give the organization what it needs.

effective


More takeMore take--awaysaways

� Invention and innovation are very distinct.

� There is a predictable pattern to innovation. Four stages in the activity pattern.

� Pattern features can been modeled. Important parameters α and n have been identified. Now also being modeled for many new materials, Dow Jones, Oil Production, etc. Pattern study is crucial.


Take Take awayaway’’ss

� Understand the context - A Common Pattern. Where does your activity fall?

� Build Your Innovation Network (everybody is in this)

� In an entrepreneurial situation- know your quadrant-thus know your leader

� Leaders are different in the Invention Phase and the Innovation Phase. Select them carefully.


More takeMore take--awaysaways, final slide 2 of 2 , final slide 2 of 2

…………summarysummary� Innovation can lead to radical innovation (growth)

even 10X for appropriate α and n’s (10X is very difficult simply from business practice improvements-needs hardware improvements). Beware of radical jumps in the early stages (I and II) leading to false hope. Case of W.

� Selling price may very often have a downward slope with time for radical innovation to occur. Several implications.

� Time is a key factor in radical innovation. � New high temperature materials can create the right

technology required for radical innovation. One US company MHI, has developed the lead for such radical innovation products.


Can you be a a leader with an Can you be a a leader with an

entrepreneurial bent? Yesentrepreneurial bent? Yes

� Figure-out the innovation and provide leadership for success.

� set goals for staffers, communicate expectations, and hold people to high standards. But also hold yourself to even higher standards

� best managerial tools for an entrepreneur are judgment, warmth, communication skills, and intuition. Most of those aren't hard to develop. Are you a fun person?


Communication and TrustCommunication and Trust

For successful innovations a high level of communications and trust is required. Very often technical inventors/innovators speak a language that the business people don't understand, and vice versa.

High-tech entrepreneurs aren't that easy to tolerate. Without them you cannot cross the valley of death.


Take away for Rogers Corporation.. Take away for Rogers Corporation..

How to grow in a healthy mannerHow to grow in a healthy manner

INFORMATION SUPPRESSED IN THIS SLIDE FOR PROPRIETARY REASONS


History of our subject (s)History of our subject (s)

CME


What is the synergy between Materials What is the synergy between Materials

Science and Engineering, and Science and Engineering, and

Chemical EngineeringChemical Engineering

The next few slides are from a talk I gave previously on integrating a Materials Science and a Chemical Engineering Department ( in this case in UC in the year 2002/2003)).


EngineeringEngineering

� 19th Century Big 4

Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Mining

� Mining Departments slowly became Metallurgy and Mining (middle 20th Century) which became Metallurgy and Materials Sciences (late 20th Century)

� Electrical Departments began to include Computer Science (late 20th Century)

� Mechanical and Chemistry gave rise to Chemical Engineering and the Unit Processes Approach (a purely American notion early 20th century)

Medicine

Management

Arts

Science/Philosophy


Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials Science and Engineering

Nanoworld

DS, Single Crystal, Ceramic


History of Materials Science and EngineeringHistory of Materials Science and EngineeringMaterials have played an important part in our civilization, embMaterials have played an important part in our civilization, embedding our political history and edding our political history and

culture. Entire eras have been named after important materials. culture. Entire eras have been named after important materials. The field of Materials Science The field of Materials Science and Engineering began to be considered its own discipline aroundand Engineering began to be considered its own discipline around the mid 1960's. the mid 1960's.

Graphic courtesy of Cornell University

AlAl

CuCuWorld War I and

II saw the

emergence of

Steel Metallurgy

as paving the way

for clarity in

ceramic

engineering and

composite

materials. Today

once gain the

demand for metals

has peaked

because of growth

in construction.


World War 1World War 1(the ammonia war)(the ammonia war)

� Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia by the end of 1914 and Europe was swept into the horrendous conflict that would become World War I

� Prior to the war, Germany had reigned supreme in organic chemistry and chemical technology. It was said in 1905 that America lagged fifty years behind the Germans in organic chemical processing . All in all, America's chemical industry was too narrow, concentrating in only a few high volume chemical products, such as sulfuric acid.

� British blockades prevented valuable dyes and drugs, produced only in Germany, from reaching American shores. Suddenly the American chemical industry was given the opportunity to enter these markets without foreign competition.

� However, chemical engineers were not entirely ready for this turn of events. Their education had consisted primarily of instruction in engineering practiceand industrial chemistry. Faced with this challenge, how could the technological know-how concerning one set of chemicals be transferred to a new set? The answer came in 1915, when Arthur Little introduced the "unit operations" concept. With it, chemical engineers where trained about chemical processes in a more abstract manner. Their expertise became independent of the actual chemicals involved, allowing the rapid establishment of new industries. The Industry of War

� In 1917, after losing several ships and many lives, the United States declared war on Germany and her Allies. Suddenly, united by a common foe, America's chemical industries began cooperating instead of competing. This cooperation would build the ammonia plants that produced the explosives (and fertilizers) that helped win the war . Today this is called co-opting.

Evolution of Chemical EngineeringEvolution of Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering is uniquely American in origin.


World War IIWorld War IIOn September 18, 1931, On September 18, 1931, Japan invaded ManchuriaJapan invaded Manchuria. Eight years later, on September 1, 1939, . Eight years later, on September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Germany invaded

PolandPoland and war again raged on the European continent. With Japan's infand war again raged on the European continent. With Japan's infamous amous bombing of Pearl Harborbombing of Pearl Harbor, on , on

December 7, 1941, December 7, 1941, AmericaAmerica was once again was once again thrust into a World Warthrust into a World War. American Innovation again spearheaded by . American Innovation again spearheaded by

chemical engineers.chemical engineers.

� Synthetic Rubber. The unit operations concept, combined with

mass and energy balances and thermodynamics (which had been stressed in the 30's).

� High Octane Fuel. Lower grade fuel used to make high compression

engines perform. Toluene for TNT.

� The Atomic Bomb. Skunk Works, DuPont and Machinery

American Chemical Engineering Flourishes as it leapfrogs traditional

production/manufacturing processes


Post War and RecentPost War and Recent

� After the war the US dismantled Hitler's enormous I.G.Farben and out of it three new companies where created; BASF, Bayer, and Hoechst.

� With foreign competition almost non-existent, the U.S. chemical industrycontinued its meteoric rise; with petroleum continuing to be the foundation of the industry. From fuels and plastics to fine chemicals,petroleum was where the action was. The success of the petroleum industry has helped the chemical engineering profession greatly. Two universities did much to encourage these events. At the University of Minnesota, Amundson and Aris- design. And at the University of Wisconsin, Bird, Stewart, & Lightfoot presented a unified mathematical description of mass, momentum, and energy transfer in their now famous text, "Transport Phenomena.

� Then petroleum became a commodity until the past few months.� Also, foreign competition has again picked up. Today the three largest

chemical companies in the world are BASF, Bayer, and Hoechst . While America's chemical industry can still compete, growth has slowedimmensely. In short, the unprecedented economic success that followed World War II is coming to a close and economic realities are catching up with us (at least in the chemical industry).

� The largest growth in employment is occurring in up-and-coming fields that show tremendous potential. Biotechnology, electronics, food processing. pharmaceuticals, environmental clean-up, and biomedical implants all offer possibilities for chemical engineers.

� Today plants (corn) are growing oil and other plastics. Only Chemical Engineers can again make these economically viable.

Ss jw


Source: ASEE Engineering Statistics 2001


Federal Funding TrendsFederal Funding TrendsCh. E ~$500M+ [(fairly constant)]Ch. E ~$500M+ [(fairly constant)]MSE ~$2000M MSE ~$2000M -- $3000M$3000M


2004 US 2004 US Number of Doctorate Recipients by FieldNumber of Doctorate Recipients by Field

473.372101

Materials Engineering

814472684

Mechanical Engineering

1,46381,276179

Electrical Engineering

6723544125Civil Engineering

6431488154

Chemical Engineering

199.17227

Aerospace Engineering

Total GenderUnknown GenderMaleFemaleGender

Source NSF 2004/05


Recall:Recall:

� Research is, of course, knowledge acquisition, whereas innovation is knowledge commercialization.

� We do not distinguish between “Basic research” and “applied Research”

� We do not distinguish between technical and business process innovation


Pattern CurvePattern Curve

Activity[ Initial Stage ]

[ Life off and

Decay ][ Survival Stage ]

[Revival and

Rapid Growth ]

II-A II-B

Years

A

c

t

i

v

i

t

y

Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV

Valley of Death

Invention

Driven

activity

Invnovation

Driven

activityInnovation Driven ActivityMater Sci.

CHE


External CommunicationsExternal Communications

� Dynamic web presence

� Interactive and targeted to incoming students

� Interactive and targeted to quality of research

� Interactive and targeted to the team

� Not a medium for self propaganda

� Newsletter-Faculty/Staff/Student show case.

Task 2Task 2


New Educational Paradigm New Educational Paradigm

� Non traditional learning with project based approaches. Entrepreneurial Skills. VERY HIGH CONTACT TEACHING.

� Virtual learning – distance learning. All technology driven.

� Horizontal and vertical integration of subject matter

� Mathematical, scientific and heuristic learning in the context of applications

� Close industrial interaction� Broad use of information technology� Ethical and value based engineering� Integrated engineering� Virtual/Modeling Manufacturing� Sustainable Engineering� Broad Based integrated learning,

Business Sciences, Medical Sciences, Quantum Physics

J. A. Sekhar Education Philosophy

Our incoming students know more; have broad based knowledge Our incoming students know more; have broad based knowledge and have access to a lot of information. and have access to a lot of information.

Student groups have wide interest separation from older teachersStudent groups have wide interest separation from older teachers..

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