Albana Ilo

TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives

1

Sustaining Security of Supply in the Future:

Challenges and Opportunities of the holistic

LINK-Solution

17-20 September 2018 , Barcelona, Spain

Popular concepts in Smart Grids

Source: IEEE-PES Task Force on Microgrid Control, “Trends in Microgrid Control”, IEEE Transactions on smart grid, Vol. 5, No. 4, July 20142

…“The adoption of microgrids as the

paradigm

for the massive integration of distributed generation will allow technical

problems to be solved in a decentralized fashion, reducing the need for an

extremely ramified and complex central coordination and facilitating the

realization of the Smart Grid.”…

The penetration of the new forms of energy, wind and photovoltaic, in form

of small decentralized plants and slow storage development is challenging:

- the power system operation in transmission and distribution level

- the cyber attack risk on power grids is increasing drastically

- the data privacy is being seriously undermined

Virtual Power Plants Microgids

Popular concepts in Smart Grids

sufficiently broad to properly characterize the variety of the smart grid

operation?

3Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

. . . Each time we get into this logjam of too much

trouble, too many problems, it is because the methods,

that we are using are just like the ones we have used

before. The next scheme, the new discovery, is going to

be made in a completely different way. So, history does

not help us much.

Source: RP. Feynman, “The character of physical law”, New York: Modern Library, 1994: p. 158.. Source: Google

Virtual Power Plants Microgids

After more than 15 years research the question arises:

Are these concepts

___________________________

&

“LINK” – The Smart Grid Paradigm

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

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Electrical appliance

Control schema

Interface

Hardware

Automation

Communication

A technical system consists

of three major elements:

LINK - Paradigm is defined as a set of one or more electrical appliances – i.e.

a grid part, a storage or a producer device -, the controlling scheme and the

LINK-interface .

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Energy Supply Chain Net”- holistic technical model

“Energy Supply Chain Net” is an holistic technical model for power systems thatconsists of a set of automated power grids, intended for chain links, which fit into onean-other to establish a flexible and reliable electrical connection. Each individual link ora link-bundle operates autonomously and have contractual arrangements with otherrelevant boundary links or link-bundles.

Market holistic model is a mirror of the technical holistic model.

Architecture Elements

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

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M A R K E T

M A

R K

E T

M A

R K

E T

M A R K E T

Technical-functional architecture of smart power systems

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Neighbor Grid - Link (j)Neighbor Grid - Link (2)HV_ Grid - Link (1)

Customer Plant

Storage-Link (p)

Storage-Link(i)

Producer-Link (m)

Storage-Link (1)

Producer-Link (k)

Producer-Link (1)

LV_ Grid - Link (i)

Storage-Link (p)

Storage-Link(i)

Producer-Link (m)

Producer-Link (k)MV_ Grid - Link (i)

Storage-Link (1) Producer-Link (1)

Producer-Link (m)Storage-Link (p)

Storage-Link(i)

Storage-Link (1)

Producer-Link (k)HV_ Grid - Link (i)

Producer-Link (1)

TSO – DSO cross borderTSO – DSO cross border

Boundary node

Boundary node

Operation / Study Grid - Link (i)

Neighbor_Grid-Link(1)

M

M

M

MM M

M

M

M

M

AGGREGATOR

M

M M M

Unified LINK-based architecture of smart power

systems and electricity market

Generalized LINK-based architecture of smart power

systems

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Digitalisation vs. Automation

Automation is crucial for the future power systems

Effective use of digitalization is possible only after automation

M MM

MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and

operated in the framework of ZUQDE project, Salzburg, Austria

BLiN

˜

MVG

30.0 kV

Secondary

control

˜

˜ ˜

Q Q

U

Q Q

cosf=const

Neighbor LV-Grid-LinkNeighbor LV-Grid-Link

Neighbor HV-Grid-Link

Operation / Study MV-Grid-Link

Lungau

Neighbor LV-Grid-Link

cos(f)=const.

MV-Grid-Link

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Reactive power and voltage control

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Operation results of MV_Grid-Link within the framework

of ZUQDE project, Salzburg, Austria.

Voltage and load reduction potential

Time Loading case

Supplying

transformer

loading

[MW]

Voltage

reduction

[%]

Load

reduction

[%]

Day 1: 15:38 avarage 16,7 4,33 6,53

Day 1: 16:00 avarage 17,0 4,67 7,06

Day 2: 21:37 minimal 9,7 4,33 4,67

Day 2: 22:13 night current 12,8 4,33 6,57

Energy saving potential

From literature* "… 1% reduction in

voltage results in an avarage 0,4 - 1%

reduction in energy consumption ..."

Expected: circa 2% energy saving

*Measuring the efficency of voltage reduction at

Hydro-Québec distribution, IEEE 2008

ENTSOE-E overall electricity consumption in 2015 → 3,278 TWh

2% energy saving → 64.56 TWh

on off

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Demand response process: line overload on high voltage grid

Demand response process: real-time pricing

Demand response process: line overload on high voltage grid

Costumer

-LinkCostumer

-Link

HV_LinkOne line is

overloaded.

It is required 2% and

6% demand

reduction in points AH

and BH respectively

AH

BH

MV_Link_12% demand reduction

can be reached by using

CVR. No other actions

are necessary

MV_Link_2Only 5.4% demand

reduction can be reached

by using CVR. Other

actions are necessary

LV_Link_20.2 % demand reduction

can not be realised

within the link. Other

actions are necessary

A2M

B2M

Customer-Link0.4 % demand reduction

by switching off cooling

system. No other actions

are necessary

A1L

-0.01%

new set point

approved

set point

Customer

-LinkA2L

Customer

-Link

LV_Link_10.4 % demand reduction

can not be realised

within the link. Other

actions are necessary

Customer

-Link

LV_Link

HVSO

MVSO_A LVSO-A

LVSO-B

B2L

HMU-123

HMU-945

HMU-1001

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.13

Restauration in case of total black out:

Power systems using the LINK-based architecture

Conclusions

- The unified LINK-based holistic architecture brings under one umbrella the entire

power system, the costumer plants and the electricity market.

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- “LINK” – solution facilitates the integration of renewable distributed energy resources

in large scale thus enabling the decarbonisation of power industry.

- Automation and digitalization are crucial for the realisation of LINK-solution.

- To guaranty the security of supply, automation should have the priority in the

implementation process .

Thank you for your attention

Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Albana Ilo

TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives

Telefon: +43 (0)1 58801 370114

Mail: albana.ilo@tuwien.ac.at

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