URBAN TRANSPORTATION

Challenges and Opportunities for India

Chhavi DhingraProgram Manager-Capacity Building, WRI India

12th June, 2014

EMBARQ’s mission is to catalyze and help implement environmentally and financially sustainable transport solutions to improve quality of life in cities

Centers work together with local transport authorities to reduce pollution, improve public health, and create safe, accessible and attractive urban public spaces.

TRENDS

Source: M.Pai, 2013

Source: M.Pai, 2013

Source: M.Pai, 2013

Exponential growth travel demand

250450650850

105012501450165018502050

2011 2021 2031

Total Urban Travel Demand in India, 2011 - 2031 (Million Trips Daily)

Source: EMBARQ India Analysis

Predicted Vehicle Growth Worldwide

Source: 2009. ADB, CAI-Asia, Segment Y Ltd., and IEA ; from Fabian, Punte and Peng, 2011.

Increase in energy and emissions..

Source: Schipper et al 2008

55

425

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2000 2030

Mill

ion

Tonn

es C

O2e

Estimated Growth in Emissions from Urban Transport – 2000 to 2030

+7.05% per year

State of our Cities

• Contribution > 65% of GDP• Revenues of ULBs < 10%• Skewed policies encouraging personal

motorization• Contradictory mandates of Ministries • Most importantly….lack of focus on

people when it comes to city planning

The transport paradox“Transport is unique as the

only development sector that

worsens as incomes rise.

While sanitation, health,

education and employment

tend to improve through

economic development, traffic

congestion tends to worsen.”

Photo by: Lloyd Wright

Source: M.Breithaupt, GIZ,

The transport paradox (con’d)

REALLY?

Source: Santhosh Kodukula, GIZ

Lloyd Wright, ADB

Thinking rationally- Corridor Capacity(People per hour on 3.5 m wide lane in a city - pphpd)

What does this mean for us? What do we loose?

TIME OPPORTUNITY

HEALTH PUBLIC SPACE

HUMAN LIVESWELL-BEING

COMPACTNESSEQUITY

ACHIEVING GREEN

TRANSPORT

The Push and Pull approach

Source: Müller, P., Schleicher-Jester, F., Schmidt, M.-P. & Topp, H.H. (1992): Konzepteflächenhafter Verkehrsberuhigung in 16 Städten”, Grüne Reihe des Fachgebiets Verkehrswesender Universität Kaiserslautern No. 24.

The A-S-I approach

BENEFITSAir quality,

health, safety, climate,

economy, development,

etc.

AVOIDthe distance or number of trips

SHIFTtowards lower

emission modes of transport IMPROVE

technological and operational

efficiency of vehicles

1. AVOID: Mainstream policies, and regulations

to ensure land-use & transport integration,TOD

Pai, M. 2013. Connect Karo

Naya Raipur – Comparative Indicators

Criteria Original Design Proposed Design Transit station adjacent density 100 ppH 600 ppHTransit corridor density 300 ppH 500 ppHTransit adjacent mixed use 20% 50%5 min walk distance to transit stop 30% population 50% population Walk trip distance to amenities 5 to 10 mins 2 to 5 minsHierarchy of greens Centrally concentrated Well distributed Natural features and contour conservation 50% 80%Population accommodated in sector 11,000 15,000Connectivity across quadrants Poor GoodLegibility of urban form Poor Good

Original Design Proposed Design

2. SHIFT: Prioritize and Strengthen Existing Public Transport Networks (bus, Rail, IPT)

Delhi Metro - A political success

Financial Benefit - What can a city get for 1Bn US$?

426 kilometres of BRT

14 kilometres of elevated rail 7 kilometres of underground rail

40 kilometres of LRT

Source: GIZ- Actual data from systems built or proposed in Bangkok, Thailand

Janmarg, Ahmedabad- another political success

Opened Oct 200939 kms – 100,000 riders per day (Dec 2010)90 kms – 400,000 ridersper day (Dec 2014)

2a. Improving environment for walking and cycling (NMT)

Mar 14, 2014Gurgaon

Raahgiri Day, Gurgaon

2b.Improving Management & Operations of Demand responsive modes

2012

Pilot-Rajkot

2c. Ensure People stay Safe and have Access

Photo Metro

Indiranagar Metro Station on CMH Road

Example Namma Metro – Improving Access

Project area: 500m radius influence zone around the metro station., with a population 3.33lakhs and 7,255 households Detailed proposals focussed on a 150m radius around station. Surveys conducted for 350 residents, 180 visitors and 180 passers-by

3. IMPROVE

To sum up, “TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT”

THE OPPORTUNITY

High densities inside municipal limits (200+ hab/ha)

Mixed land-uses and compactnessShort to medium average trip lengths

(2-12 km); Already a very high share of NMT trips

(25-55%)Low-Medium public transport trip

shares (12-60%)‘Eyes’ on streets- safety

IT boon substituting trips

What should the Governments be

doing?

Land-use transport integration- Avoid urban sprawlPrioritize/ Improve performance and quality of

public transport modesImprove operating environment for NMT, IPT

modesKeep public health high on agendaDemonstrate political leadershipProvide enabling institutions and finances

Combine/contextualize technologiesCreate capacity

What we do here at EMBARQ India to make the world a better place? ☺

Influencing Policy & Regulation

National Transit Investment Program

Urban Development Plan, Formulation and Investment Guidelines

MRV for Sustainable Transport & Urban Development

Sustainable Transport – Better Public Health and Road Safety Strategy

Improving Planning

Regional/City Master Plans

Comprehensive Mobility Plans

Road Safety Agenda for Cities

Transport Governance Initiative

Building Best Practices

Bus Rapid Transit

City Bus Systems

Transit Oriented Development

Public Spaces & Streets

Bicycling

Demand/ Users

Incubators

Regulators

Entrepreneurs

Manufacturers/Developers

Technologists

Specialized Groups1. TDM for businesses2. Fleet Operators for

rickshaws and taxis3. Green Developments4. Bus Fleet Operators5. Technology for public

transport operations

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT

MARKET DEVELOPMENT

ALLIANCE(STMDA)

EMBARQ’s Role1. Thought Leader2. Benchmarking &

Indicators3. Convening

Involving Private Sector

Capacity BuildingWorking Professionals• Training Workshops and training material• Study Tours• Peer Learning Networks

Students• Lectures• Web Based Lecture Series

Labs• Internship Program• Data Hosting• International Studio

Seminar /WebinarSeries• Hosted in EMBARQ Offices• Hosted at partner locations

PUBLICATIONS

Cities we work in

2008

2011

2009

2010

2012Our team

… and 2014

Thank you!www.embarqindiahub.org