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Transcript of Sustainable transport development_hk
Sustainable Transport Development Hong Kong Experience
Dr Dorothy Chan, FCILT President
The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport
The Chartered Institutes of Logistics and Transport First choice of
professional body
32 countries/regions
Over 32,000 members
Professional training
Experience sharing
Advance & promote the Art and Science of Supply Chain, Logistics and Transport
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Hong Kong SAR
Area: 1 104 km2 Population: 7.2 million 6,540 people per km
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Some Statistics (as at the end of 2013)
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Population (million) 7.2
Rail Length (km) 218
Road Length (km) 2,093
Total Vehicle Fleet 680,914
Private Car Fleet 475,752
Private Car per 1,000 population 66
Vehicle Density (vehicle/km) 325
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Transport Policy
“Keeping Hong Kong Moving”
May 1979
• Improvement of the road system;
• Expansion and improvement of
public transport; and
• More economic use of the road
system
Hong Kong’s Experience
Private sector participation
No direct subsidy
User pay
Compete for market share
Reasonable return
Inter-modal co-ordination
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Multi-Modal Transport System
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Mass Transit Railway
Kowloon Canton Railway
Light Rail Transit
Franchised Bus (5700+)
Tram (161 tram cars)
Ferry
Taxi (18000+)
Public Light Bus (4350)
Merged in 2007 as MTRCL
Market Share of Public Transport System (as at the end of 2013)
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Franchised Bus
31.6%
Others
3%
Taxi
8.2%
Peak Tram
0.1%
Tram
1.6%
PLB
15.1%
Ferry
1.1%
Railway
39.3%
Total daily ridership: 12 million trips
Increase market share 39% to 43%
Expanding Railway Network Make railways as the backbone of passenger transport system
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Rail Projects under Planning
Bus Franchise
• No. of franchise operators : 4
• No. of franchised buses : 5,791
• Daily passengers : 3.9 million
• 10 year franchise, extended every 5 years
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• Constitute over 90% of passenger trips
• R+P model
• An efficient system without direct subsidy (except ferry)
• Over 12 million trips a day
Importance of Public Transport
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Octopus
• 22 millions cards in circulation
• 12 million transactions a day
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Private Car Control Measures
• Taxation
• Annual license fees
• 66 private cars per thousand population
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Urban Mobility Ranking – UITP 2014
2014 Ranking Cities
1 Hong Kong
2 Stockholm
3 Amsterdam
4 Copenhagen
5 Vienna
6 Singapore
7 Paris
8 Zurich
9 London
9 Helsinki
11 Munich
Source: The Future of Urban Mobility 2.0, January 2014, pp. 16
Total Greenhouse Gas Emission in Hong Kong 2011
18% Transport
16% Waste and Others
66% Electricity
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To improve roadside emissions
• Switching diesel taxis to LPG
• EURO V for diesel buses
• Financial assistance to phase out Pre-EURO IV commercial vehicles
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Pilot Green Transport Fund
• Green Transport Fund: HK$300 million budget
• Supports the testing of green and innovative technologies for better air quality
• Eligibility : existing transport operators
• Only subsidizes the capital cost of the hardware of the trial products
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Cities in China
• Rapid urban growth
• 1 million cars in 1994 to 33 million in 2008
• Serious traffic conjestion
• Bus speeds fell by 60%
• Bus punctuality fell by 88%
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Challenges
• Increase in private vehicles
• Incomplete transport network
• Congestion
• Developing an integrated transport system
• Accessibility
• Urban mobility
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Hong Kong Urban Environment
• Compact building
• High urban density
• Narrow streets
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Sub-Tropical Climate Zone
• Hong Kong is situated in the sub-tropical climatic zone with hot and humid summers
• Maximum day time temperature greater than 33°C
• Minimum night time temperature greater than 28°C
• Hong Kong is suffering from Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect
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Strategic Planning Actions
• Air paths/breezeways and low rise
• Greenery, tree planting on streets and open areas
• Additional development not allowed unless with mitigation measures
Reducing ground coverage
Maintain existing air path, introduce new ones
Position buildings to align with prevailing wind directions
Maximizing greening
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Electric Vehicles
• 309 electric private cars
• 28 electric motorcycles
• 24 electric light goods vehicles
• 4 electric light buses
• 3 electric buses
• 2 electric medium goods vehicles
• 14 electric taxi
Total : 384 EVs
HOW LOW CAN WE GO?
Our Common Goal: SMILE
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Sustainable Development
Mobility
Innovation
Lifestyle
Environment