Sustainable storm water management Presentation Slides

B U I L D I N G S E R V I C E S IGROUP MEMBER :

DARREN TAN QUAN WENLOH MUN TONG

LEONG LI JING LEW QUO MING

YEE JYH LINTAM ZHAO WEI

SUSTAINABLE STORMWATE

R MANAGEMAN

T

INTRODUCTION• Storm water are usually water from

snow/ice or from nearby stream, river or runoff surface

• Natural sentiment such as forest, the soil absorbs much of the stormwater. In developed place such as cities, unmanaged stormwater can create 2 types of problem. First problem would be flooding and water pollution.

• Water pollution, is due to the impervious surface such as parking lots; road and building that the stormwater are unable to be absorbed by the ground. Therefore, generating more runoff than natural sentiment. Flooding is due the objects that are collected during rain. It will all be transported to a drain causing it to block it.

• To combat stormwater, a storm drain is installed throughout the cities. It is designed to drain excessive rain from impervious surfaces.

SUSTAINABLE STORMWATER MANAGEMANT SYSTEM

• Rainwater is absorbed and soaked into the ground and then it evaporates from the surface, taken up by plants, or finding its way slowly into rivers or streams. Any development will affect and make an impact to this environment and change the natural water cycle.

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE & GRAY INFRASTRUCTUREGreen infrastructure functioned as water management that protects, restores, or mimics the natural water cycle. Gray infrastructure is man-made designed to move urban storm-water away from the built environment. Both infrastructure are involved in stormwater management system.

GREEN ROOFGreen roofs are a multi-layered system with living plants growing on roof top.The most typical built up includes roof deck, waterproofing layer, protection layers, drainage layer, filter sheet, growing substrate and vegetation. Green roofs enable rainfall infiltration and evapotranspiration of stored water. The vegetation and soil absorb and filter the water.

ADVANTAGES

Provide a barrier of greenery that helps to protect the waterproof

membrane underneath and

thus increase the lifespan of the

roof

DISADVANTAGES

An increase in weight load (require more

structural support to be

implemented)

MAINTENANCE

• Litter removal may be required

• Inspection and replacement of plants will be required on a regular basis

Pervious surfaces can be either porous or permeable. Porous surfacing is a surface that infiltrates water across the entire surface while permeable surfaces designed to allow storm-water runoff to filter through surface voids into an underlying stone reservoir for temporary storage or infiltration.

PERVIOUS SURFACE

ADVANTAGES

Reduced need for deep excavations

for drainage, which can have significant cost

benefits

DISADVANTAGES

Risk of long-term clogging and weed

growth if poorly maintained

MAINTENANCE

• Periodic vacuuming

• Repair and patch surfaces with similar pervious materials

• Shallow, broad and vegetated channels• Allow storm water to slow down and go through the process of

sedimentation, filtration, evapotranspiration and partially infiltration

• Located along the roadway• Drain away through the soil within several hours or days• Check dams and berms - promote settling and infiltration.

GRASSED SWALES

Wet Swales at Sue Donaldson Dry Swales at Delaware Department of Transportation

There are two types of swales: WET SWALES

treat storm water through physical and biological action

DRY SWALEStreat storm water through infiltration

WET SWALES DRY SWALES

ADVANTAGES

Pollution and blockages are

visible and easy to remove

DISADVANTAGES

Limit the opportunities to

use trees for landscaping

MAINTENANCE

• Removal of trash and debris regularly

• Grass cutting and removal of cuttings

• Clearing of inlets, culverts and outlets to avoid clogging

- contains plants that can survive in soil soaked with water- collect and slow the storm-water runoff- increase the infiltration into the soil- practice mimics natural hydrology by the process of infiltrating,

evaporating and transpiring- commonly found on private properties

How it works?1. Water settle on the garden surface then soak through the plants and filter media2. Sediments are trapped on the surface of the garden3. Soil and plant roots work together to filter the water naturally

RAIN GARDENS

Greenest Street in America, Chicago

ADVANTAGES

Can be designed to work in most

soil types

DISADVANTAGES

Not suitable for areas with steep

slopes.

MAINTENANCE

• Vegetation management


• Inlet and outlet cleaning

- Similar with rain gardens - Specially designed and engineered to manage and treat stormwater runoff- Shallow landscape depressions which included soil mixes and control structures such as • under drains to aid the control of flow• catch basins to filter sediment• check dams to slow the water flow

- Commonly found on commercial properties or any public areas

BIORETENTION AREAS

Baltusrol Crescent, Melbourne

ADVANTAGES

Provide wildlife habitats

DISADVANTAGES

Require extra maintenance

MAINTENANCE

• Regular inspection


• Replacement of mulch layer


DETENTION AND RETENTION PONDSDETENTION BASINS (DRY POND)• Open and flat areas of

grass• Normally dry during low

flow periods• Allow filtration and

sedimentation process to take place

• Provide temporary storage

• Works by allowing a large basin area for water and the water slowly drains out through the outlet at the bottom as designed

RETENTION PONDS (WET POND)• Open areas of shallow water• Accommodate water and provide

temporary storage for excess water

• Improve the quality of water through settling, often employed as flood control devices

• Water level rises temporarily and retain a permanent pool of water

• Allows large amounts of water to enter the pond and allows small amounts of water drains out through the outlet

Detention Pond

Retention Pond

ADVANTAGES

Surrounding areas have vegetative buffer that can withstand dry or wet conditions.

DISADVANTAGES

Breeding grounds for mosquitoes

and other diseases

MAINTENANCE




DETENTION POND

ADVANTAGES

Provide wildlife habitats

DISADVANTAGES

Negative water quality impacts if

not properly designed

MAINTENANCE




RETENTION POND

• Consists of shallow ponds and marshy areas, covered almost entirely in aquatic vegetation

WETLANDS

Treated by the process of

Sedimentation

Filtration

Digestion

Oxidation

Reduction

Absorption

Precipitation

There are two types of wetlands: NATURAL WETLANDS

filter the contaminated water running into the stream, river or ocean

CONSTRUCTED WETLANDSfilter the water flow from inlet pipe and gravel

through wetland plants and flow out from outlet pipe and gravel for further treatment.

Natural Wetlands at Ramsey-Washington Metro Watershed District

Constructed Wetlands from Gold Coast City Council

NATURAL WETLANDS CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

ADVANTAGES

Can tolerate both great and small

volumes of water

DISADVANTAGES

Unable to treat highly toxic

modern wastewater

MAINTENANCE



• Vegetation management to retain high vegetation coverage

RILLS AND CHANNELS

• Allow to collect water, slow down and provide storage for slit and oil.

• Outlets are designed as a mini oil

separator, so it is very effective at treating pollution.

• Allow water flows along with the variety of cross sections rills and channels

ADVANTAGES

Very effective in water & pollution

treatment

DISADVANTAGES

Need to give careful

consideration to crossings

MAINTENANCE


• Routine maintenance

• Intensive maintenance required one every five years

• Underground storage tank system is a storage tank with underground piping connected

• Carry storm water from detention or retention ponds.

• The system consists of storage structures, inlet and outlet pipes

• Addition features at the inlet pipes helps to improve the water quality by removing floatable, oils and grease, and sediments.

• Cooperate with other storm water system to achieve the best result.

UNDERGROUND STORAGE

ADVANTAGES

Protected damage from animals and natural disasters

DISADVANTAGES

Relatively expensive due to their specialised

construction

MAINTENANCE

• Inspection and prevention of leakage and spills

• Clean up by soil and groundwater investigation and remediation

• Corrosion protection for tanks and piping

• Consists of internal components which are permanent pool for sedimentation

• Inlet and outlet pipes which able to create flow patterns and flow conditions that aids in sediments removal.

• An underground storage structure smaller than underground storage tank system.

HYDRODYNAMIC SEPARATORS

ADVANTAGES

Space saving since it is installed underground

DISADVANTAGES

Only can remove limited amounts of

pollutants

MAINTENANCE

• Cleaning and disposal of sediments and oils


• Inspection and prevention of leakage or spills

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT ADVANTAGES

CHEMICAL

HOME PROTECTION

ROAD SAFETY

TECHNOLOGY

MAINTENANCE

STORMWATER MANAGEMENT

DISADVANTAGES

DAMAGE ROOT SYSTEM

CASE STUDYUNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA DULUTH

The University of Minnesota Duluth discharges storm-water to several waters, including Lake Superior and two trout streams.

Lake Superior Trout Stream

WATERSHEDThe main portion of UMD campus is in three watersheds.

University of Minnesota Duluth have more than 60 preventative storm water features in place to treat the runoff to varying degrees before it discharges to streams.

WET PONDS

Eric Clarke Pond

Fire Hall Pond

Rock Pond

Swenson Science Research Pond

FILTRATION PONDS

Lot L-3 Filtration Basins

Ianni Hall Volleyball Court

Glensheen Plan

SWALE

Glensheen Parking Lot

Modifying soil surface by adding geo-grids, mesh, sand or rock to stabilize surface to prevent ponding.

The gravel road surface of Rock Hill Road is replaced with geoweb mesh, and crushed rock or topsoil mixture to stabilize surface and prevent rutting.

MODIFIED SOILS

RAIN GARDEN/ BIO-RETENTION PONDS

The Lot B UMD Rain Garden was built to help protect Oregon Creek by slowing, cooling and filtering the runoff water from the adjacent parking lot. It was designed and engineered as a bioretention pond and is composed of plantings, a drain tile system, and a water level control system.

Lot B UMD Rain Garden

The Rain Garden in University Minnesota Duluth is one third acre in size. It handles stormwater from 2.5 acres of Parking Lot B and can hold as much as 60,000 US gallons of water.

HYDRODYNAMICSEPARATORS

The UMD campus has installed hydrodynamic separator in LOT G, Sports Health Centre, Chester Park and Swenson Civil Engineering Centre to separate oils and solids from moving stormwater by gravity.

The parking lot was refurbished in 2004 to include an underground “vault” consisting of large diameter pipes to temporarily store stormwater parking lot runoff.

Lot G, behind UMD Library

UNDERGROUND TANK

For the past five years, University of Minnesota Duluth campus have had installed a few pervious pavement including concrete pavers, recycled rubber pavers and pervious surface.

PERVIOUS SURFACES

The lower tier is a green roof that helps to insulate the building as well as curb storm water runoff.

A view of the partial green roof from top of a stairwell in Civil Engineering.

Bagley Outdoor Classroom

GREEN ROOF

A majority of these plantings are in areas that would hold sod, a high maintenance method of landscaping.Low maintenance alternative plantings help to diversify the appearance of the campus as well as reduce carbon footprint.

ALTERNATIVE PLANTINGS

Objective : To reduce the quantity and to improve the quality of storm water runoff.

SWPPP requires SIX minimum control measures :1.Public Education and Outreach2.Public Involvement and

Participation3.Illicit Discharge Detection and

Elimination4.Construction Storm Water

Runoff Control5.Post Construction Storm Water6.Pollution Prevention and Good

Housekeeping

STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM

• Provide educational storm water resources for its campus and greater community

• Protect and enhance the region’s shared water resources through storm water pollution prevention

• UMD Educational materials : 1. Illicit Discharge Poster (2015)2. Illicit Discharge Quiz Slideshow (2013)

1. PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH

2. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND PARTICIPATION

• UMD welcomes involvement from the public including the employees, students, and contractors that make up the campus community.

• Strongly encourage the involvement in creation, implementation and evaluation.

IDEAS : - Include storm-water information to be taught in classes- Welcome the assistance in reviewing their best management

practices- Assistance in hands-on clean ups / special projects

3. ILLICIT DISCHARGE DETECTION AND ELIMINATION

Illicit discharge is any discharge to the municipal separate storm server system (MS4) that is not composed entirely of storm water.

STEPS TAKEN BY UMD TO DETECT AND ELIMINATE ILLICIT DISCHARGES :• UMD has developed and continue to maintain storm sewer

system maps.• Physical observations (odour, colour and condition) during

stormwater outlet inspections. • Programs like the UMD Spill Prevention Control and

Countermeasures Plan can identify potential illicit discharges.• Building-by-building document allows the determination of

potential interconnections for the buildings.

4. CONSTRUCTION SITE RUNOFF CONTROLSediment runoff rates from construction sites are typically 10-20 times greater than those of agricultural lands, and 1000-2000 times greater than those of forest lands. Hence, in time it may cause serious impact to water bodies.

Cause: contractor flushes newly installed hydrant near an unprotected catch basin.

Effect: Sediment plumb in a nearby trout stream is polluted.

Hence, UMD construction projects are required to have provisional and sediment control measures incorporated in the design.

The construction documents must identify relevant details as well as contractor execution and inspection responsibilities.

5. POST CONSTRUCTION STORM WATERPost construction storm water has brought significant impact to water bodies.

Prior planning and design can minimise pollutants and it’s the most cost-effective approach to storm water quality management. Examples:

- A green roof on Bagley Outdoor Classroom designed to reduce storm water inputs to Tischer Creek.

6. POLLUTION PREVENTION AND GOOD HOUSEKEEPING

UMD is establishing a system of good housekeeping practices that recognise that the campus operates in an urban area.

POSSIBLE PROBLEMS & RECOMMENDATIONS

GREEN ROOF

ProblemsPlant Selection• Type of plant factors in the performance of the

green roof.• If chosen poorly, the plant would not be able to

survive the climate• Maintenance would be costly as consistently

require to change the plant Dead Plants

GREEN ROOF

Recommendation • Species that are able to accumulate nutrients and use water effectively• Herbaceous Species - Tulbaghia Violacea• Shrubby Species - Leonotis Leonurus.

UNDERGROUND

Problems• Allowing direct recharge of groundwater• Infiltration system underground would be affected hence restricting the

movement of water.

UNDERGROUND

Recommendation• Only soils which are suitable for infiltration able to allow a direct recharge• Acceptable soils for underground system include sand, sandy loam and loam.• Sandy soils are permeable while soils with clay should be avoided because it

restricts the movement of water.

Sand Sandy Loam

SWALES

Problems• Not effective enough in reducing the bacteria levels and pollutants alone• Wet swales will be a nuisance by allowing mosquito breeding

Polluted Swales

SWALES

Recommendation• Check dams can be constructed with the swales• Prevent erosion and promote sedimentation by decreasing runoff volume, rate,

and velocity• More effective at mitigating runoff quantity and quality than those without.

Grass Swales with Rock Check

POND

ProblemsEffectiveness of pollutant removal • Settling area being relative small hence harder to separate sediments.• Problems in Impede flow and trap remaining pollutants• Unable to remove pollutant alone

Pond Infiltration System Problem

POND

Recommendation• The addition of a sediment forebay increase the settling area for sediments.• Construction of shallow ledges along the edge to have aquatic plants that prevents

the entering of flow and trapped pollutants.

CONCLUSION

THANK YOU

Sustainable storm water management Presentation Slides

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