Sustainable Seville

Dirección:

Enrique Hernández Martínez

Director de la Oficina del Plan Estratégico Sevilla 2020.

Ayuntamiento de Sevilla.

Realización técnica:

Amelia López Izquierdo

Técnica de la Oficina del Plan Estratégico Sevilla 2020.


Diseño, maquetación y cartografía:

Juan Ramón Santos / Ideografía Comunicación, S. L.

Edita:

Oficina del Plan Estratégico Sevilla 2020.


Marzo de 2011.

SUSTAINABILITY POLICIES. DATA

1. NEW METHOD OF TRANSPORT IN SEVILLE: THE BICYCLE ................................................................ 6

2. PEDESTRIANISATION AND RECOVERY OF PUBLIC SPACE ................................................................. 8

3. INNER-CITY TRAVEL ........................................................................................................................ 13

The Historic Centre Traffic Regulation Plan ........................................................................................... 13

Network of bus lanes ......................................................................................................................... 14

Traffic light priority system .................................................................................................................. 14

A new road system: one-way streets and underpasses ............................................................................ 14

4. ENERGY .......................................................................................................................................... 15

Transport: Electric city buses, compressed natural gas and biodiesel ........................................................ 15

Transport: Electric tram ...................................................................................................................... 17

Seville Solar City plan ......................................................................................................................... 18

Abengoa. Intenational Company. .......................................................................................................... 19

5. GREEN SPACES ............................................................................................................................... 20

6. TRANSVERSAL PROJECTS ............................................................................................................... 22

Government subsidised housing ........................................................................................................... 22

Waste ............................................................................................................................................... 23

Tax by-laws ....................................................................................................................................... 23

Actions taken by the city’s water company with regard to sustainability ..................................................... 24

SUSTAINABILITY POLICIES. EFFECTS ............................................................................................................ 26

CONTENTS

Three conditions have enabled this new transport system to be established in the city: the network of cycle paths, the public bicycle system, and the restrictions on access to the city centre by private motor vehicles (pedestrianisation of the main streets in the historic centre and other important areas of the city).

1. NEW METHOD OF TRANSPORT IN SEVILLE: THE BICYCLE

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SUSTAINABLE SEVILLESUSTAINABILITY POLICIES. DATA

In 2006, the city of Seville had 12 km of cycle paths, with no connection between them. The construction of the new network of cycle paths began in that year, and now constitutes 127 km, made up of 8 main routes connecting all areas to each other and to the city centre.

Along with the 8 routes, there are also cycle lanes on main roads, cycle paths in parks, and the route that connects the Alamillo to the Plaza de Armas, measuring 5 km. In total, the cycle path network in Seville is estimated at more than 160 km in 2011.

One of the main facilities now offered for cycling is the parking-space programme. In 2007, there were 1,200 parking spaces available for bicycles, with 120 parking units placed in public spaces and areas with high numbers of cyclists. The installation of cycle parking spaces has been extended progressively, reaching 2,000 spaces in 2008-2009 and 2,800 in 2010, as specified in the Bicycle Master Plan.

The extension and acceptance of this new method of transport has been possible due to the public bicycle system, Sevici, with 2,500 bicycles and 250 stations distributed throughout the city. In 2009, the number of annual and weekly ticket holders reached 105,770. The majority of users, 59,391, hold weekly access, with 46,379 people purchasing an annual access.

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SUSTAINABLE SEVILLE SUSTAINABILITY POLICIES. DATA

Pedestrianisation plan

• With the purpose of achieving a more sustainable city, with the movement of citizens as one of its main foundations, pedestrianisation and traffic restriction policies have been implemented in specific areas of the city, such as calle O’Donnell, Avenida de la Constitución, Plaza de La Encarnación, Plaza de la Alfalfa, Plaza de la Pescadería, Plaza del Pan, Plaza del Salvador, Plaza Nueva, calle San Fernando, Plaza de la Contratación y Virgen de los Reyes, calle San Gregorio, calle Miguel de Mañara, calle Deán Miranda, calle La Roldana and calle Mariana de Pineda. Recently, the following areas have been added: calle Asunción, calle San Jacinto and Avenida de Isabel Católica (in the Plaza de España area).

2. PEDESTRIANISATION AND RECOVERY OF PUBLIC SPACE

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SUSTAINABLE SEVILLE

2007

2007

2008

2008


9

SUSTAINABLE SEVILLE

2007 2008

C/. San Jacinto C/. Asunción


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SUSTAINABLE SEVILLE

• Pedestrianisation works are currently being carried out in the area around Jardines de Cristina and Avenida de Roma, with the purpose of integrating and giving continuity to this space by joining the river paths with the pedestrianised area of Puerta Jerez, Avenida de la Constitución and calle San Fernando.


Redevelopment of the Alameda de Hércules

• The city council of Seville has regenerated and im-proved a public space in the city, Alameda de Hér-cules, as part of a comprehensive project brought about by a participative process called “La Alameda que te gusta” (the Alameda that you want). The work has consisted in the recovery of the space for the en-joyment of the citizens, achieving a consistent image through street design, pavements and street lighting, as well as traffic reorganisation. This was brought about using public investment of 7 million euros.

RECOVERY OF PUBLIC SPACE

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SUSTAINABLE SEVILLE

2006 2006

2007 2007


A new design for the Plaza de la Encarnación and the market

• The Plaza de la Encarnación is a central space and one of the emblems of the city. It is also the largest open space in the Historic Centre and an excellent archaeological site. As part of its recovery for the citizens, the Metropol Parasol project has been carried out by a team directed by the German architect Jürgen Mayer, the result being four permeable and continually interconnected levels. In the first level the Centre for Interpretation and Curation, Antiquarium, is found; a new interactive museum that explains history through archaeological artefacts. The next level is the market at street level, completely adjoining the Plaza de la Encarnación, with 40 stalls measuring 19.23 m2 each. On the next level, 5 metres above the market, there is an elevated square, a public space of more than 3,000 m2, allowing multiple uses in the city centre. It will be connected to the street by wide stairs and ramps, creating a great city-centre forum for performances and exhibitions. In the final level of the structure, more than 30 metres high, the Parasols in the shape of trees are found, the dominant elements of the structure. This is where a restaurant and a terrace with panoramic views will be situated so that anyone who wants to can enjoy wonderful views of the Giralda, making it the second best viewpoint in Seville.

• Other projects to recover public space have been carried out in the River Guadalquivir area, specifically the redevelopment of two quays: Muelle de las Delicias and Muelle de Nueva York.

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The Historic Centre Traffic Regulation Plan

• This plan, approved by all members of the city council, has the purpose of protecting the historic and monumental patrimony of the city, improving the quality of life of people living near the centre, and improving the flow of surrounding traffic. There are two elements to the traffic plan: restrictions on vehicular access to the Historic Centre and the establishment of access “gates” operated by artificial vision systems. The applicable legislation is the Ordenanza de Circulación de Peatones y Ciclistas (Ordinance of Movement of Pedestrians and Cyclists), approved in September 2010.

• Under this plan, private cars not owned by residents can only enter for 45 minutes, or face a fine of 70 euros. The plan uses 21 cameras that detect anyone staying longer than 45 minutes.

3. INNER-CITY TRAVEL

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Network of bus lanes and traffic light priority system

• The network of bus lanes is a basic element to provide a better service and an improvement in travel within the city. The aim is to achieve a faster and better service for users, gaining commercial speed at the same time as significantly reducing running costs. The network currently totals 16 kilometres, which will increase by 53 kilometres in 2011 in several phases based on prioritising the most important areas and bus lines.

• In 2010, the city transport company, TUSSAM, developed a traffic light priority system. This system allows the arrival and leaving of buses on the corresponding line to be detected, so the duration of the green or red light can be extended or reduced to favour the passage of the bus. Depending on traffic conditions, this can allow free circulation of buses by minimising the amount of time waiting at traffic lights.

A NEW TRAFFIC SYSTEM: one way streets and underpasses

• The General Plan of Urban Organisation, approved in 2006, includes a set of actions aimed at increasing internal travel, among other aims. As a result, a series of actions are being carried out that define a new traffic system, starting with the construction of new underpasses and the strategic establishment of one-way systems in some roads, particularly in the Historical Centre.

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Transport: Electric city buses, compressed natural gas and biodiesel

• With a view to reducing pollution, the fleet of electric buses and buses using compressed natural gas has increased. The use of new fuels like biodiesel is also being investigated and opted for.

• With the deployment of the new fleet, Seville has the most vehicles powered by compressed natural gas of all cities in Andalusia, and the third most in Spain, after Madrid and Barcelona.

4. ENERGY

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Consumo de combustibles

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Gasóleo-A (m 3) 9.376 9.472 8.555 6.899 5.091

Biodiesel (m 3) - 84.3 784 1.638 1.708

Gas Natural (MWh) - - 5.732 21.581 48.738

Evolución de la �ota según combustible

0.5%4.8%

7.9%

87.3%

0.5% 0.5%21.8%

15.2%

62.4%

1.1% 2.3%34%

63.3%

98.4%

2005 2006 2007 20080

20

40

60

80

100

Gas Natural ComprimidoBiodiesel

Gasoil

Etanol

Eléctric o

Evolution of the fleet according to the fuel they use

Fuel consumption

Ethanol

Electricity

Compressed Natural Gas

Biodiesel

Diesel

Diesel (m3)

Biodiesel (m3)

Natural Gas (MWh)

• With the aim of incorporating those new technologies that contribute to minimising the environmental impact not only of transport, but also of all the activity involved in it, electric photovoltaic energy has been chosen as one of the cleanest forms of generating electrical energy, which is a clear benefit within the framework of sustainable development. For this reason, in 2007 the first phase of the installation of a photovoltaic solar plant on the roof of the transport company’s workshops and offices was begun. The plant’s total power is 1,800 Kw, which would mean a reduction in emissions of 16,537 tons of CO2 over the next 25 years. The construction work started in April of 2008 and was finished in September of the same year.

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Solar panels on the roof of the bus workshop and transport offices

Electric bus

Transport: electric tram. Metro-Centre

• At the end of October 2007, the tram line passing through the city centre came into operation, making it possible to travel to the historic centre by public transport once some of the main streets in the centre (calle San Fernando, Avenida de la Constitución and Plaza Nueva) had been pedestrianised. As well as allowing easier access to the centre, it contributes to travel outside the city, as its point of origin/destination is next to the San Bernardo station, where local trains arrive and depart. It also facilitates the use of the metro as there is a metro stop in San Bernardo station.

• There are 4 trams covering the Metro-Centre line, with an established demand of around 17,000 passengers on an average working day (in its first year of service). It should be highlighted that the trams have ACR technology, which allows them to operate without the need for an overhead line. This avoids impacting visually on the surroundings, particularly as the tram goes between Archivo de Indias and Plaza Nueva, the most richly artistic stretch in the city.

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Seville Solar City Plan

• As an extraordinary project of the Seville Solar City Plan, the photovoltaic solar trees stand out. Six solar trees have been installed. The first solar tree, conceived as a luminous tree with a structure approaching the natural form of a tree, is equipped with solar panels that convert the energy accumulated during the day into light at nighttime. The first tree is installed in the Camino de la Reina.

• Production of solar energy for Seville’s city water company (EMASESA). At the end of 2008, a photovoltaic solar power station was put into action in the facilities of the drinking water treatment plant El Carambolo, with installed power of 1.100 kW, the

equivalent of the electricity needed to power 250 homes for a year. The company invested 5 million euros in the project. During the year 2008, the plant’s energy production was 14.99 MWh. In addition, solar panels have also been installed in other facilities owned by the water company, like the new building situated in the Polígono Industrial Carretera Amarilla, in the buildings of the WWTP (purifying station) El Copero, Ranilla and Tablada and in the depots San Juan III and El Patriarca II. This has meant an investment of almost 3 million euros and with installed power of 560 kW, it will generate the equivalent of the electricity used by 127 homes in a year.

• Production of renewable energy by the city cleaning company of Seville (LIPASAM). In 2008 two of the photovoltaic energy production installations were brought into use, situated in el Parque de Limpieza Este and in the Central de Recogida Neumática de San Diego. This energy goes into the network for distribution. The total energy produced in 2009 was 26,897 kWh.

With regard to saving energy and energy efficiency

• In the energy optimisation plan: city buildings, street lighting (mercury vapour bulbs have been substituted for high-pressure sodium bulbs, and lamps have been changed), traffic lights and sports installations.

• The MOVELE project. The city of Seville supports and encourages electric transport. This project includes: the installation of vehicle charging points (75 points), battery changing stations (3 stations), and information campaigns. Electric cars have already come into use, making Seville the pioneer city in Spain.

• Seville was chosen by IDAE in 2009 to produce and put into practice a pilot network of public charging stations for electric vehicles in the MOVELE project framework, as a first and vital step towards the introduction of electric transport in urban areas. The project made it possible to generate a network of supply points in streets and public car parks, in order to bring a total of 2,000 electric vehicles into circulation within two years. In total, 75 recharging points were installed, with an investment of 488,498 euros.

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Abengoa. International Company.

Abengoa is a technology company applying innovative solutions for sustainable development in the infrastructure,environment and energy sectors.

• Founde 1941,

• Profitable: sales and gross cash flor in 2008 of 3200 M€ and 545 M€, respectively

• Focused: Innovative Solutions for long term Sustainability.

• Global: Present in more than 70 countries, 65% of business outside Spain.

• Large: Over 23.000 employees.

• Quoted: Quoted on the Madrid Stock Exchange (ABG)

• Five busines groups: Solar energy, Bioenergy, Befesa –Environmental services- Telvent –Information tecnologies- and Abeinsa –Engineering and construction.

The Campus Palmas Altas, Abengoa’s corporate headquarters

designed by Richard Rogers. Is the largest private-initiative

business-technology complex in southern Spain and is

a focal point for Abengoa’s activities, surrounded by the

most advanced technologies, environmental excellence and

sustainable development. The centre is the best example of

Abengoa’s commitment to the fight against climate change

and consequently to sustainable architecture. It is a space

that is associated with high-tech symbols and an example

of environmental management excellence, which incorporates

the latest concepts in sustainable development, especially

those related to the latest advances in energy savings and

efficiency, while also being integrated into the environment

and the future.

ABENGOA SOLAR.

Internacional leader in solar power plants aiming to develop hundreds of MW on the coming years.

Sola power for a Sustainable World:

• 3 CCP plants (50MW) under construction in Spain.

• Hundres of MW in development in Spai, US and other geographies.

• Two first ISCC plants (Integrated Solar Combined Cycle) one in Algeria and Morocco.

• Internacional development

• Propietary technology.

SOLAR PLANT SOLUCAR.

Largest low concentration photovoltaic plant in Seville: Solúcar Platform.

• 300 MW from Concetrated Solar Power.

• CO2 emissions reduced by about 185.000 tons of per year

• Hill suplí about 153.000 households.

• First and second comercial power towers worldwide in operation, PS 10 (11MW) and PS20 (20 MW).

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As a result of the following actions, new green spaces have been generated for the city:

• Inclusion of the River Guadalquivir in the urban patrimony.

• Environmental and scenic recovery of the banks of the Ranillas and Tamarguillo rivers.

• Increase in green areas: new parks in Seville.

• A new space has been generated for the city: from the Muelle de Nueva York to the new parque de San Jerónimo and from the new pedestrian walkway on la calle Betis to the extension of the parque del Alamillo. More tan 35 million dollars have been invested in recent years in four parks: San Jerónimo (11 hectares), Miraflores (50 hectares), Polígono Sur (72 hectares) y Tamarguillo (93 hectares).

5. GREEN ESPACES

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Sustainable architecture: social housing built by EMVISESA (the city housing company).

In EMIVISESA’s construction of social housing the following elements have been incorporated for a sustainable and efficient building process:

• Double glazing with an air chamber in the gaps of the facade.

• Heat and sound insulation.

• Ventilated facade.

• Dry brickwork.

• Reduction in water consumption (the bathroom fittings contain aerators, allowing a considerable reduction in water consumption).

• Climate control facilities (complete climate control installation through a thermal pump)

• Installation of Thermal Solar Energy for sanitary hot water.

• Energy ratings of homes. EMVISESA has given energy ratings to more than 4,000 homes, with an average energy rating of more than 9 (out of 10).

• The solar thermal energy produced by the homes is used in the homes themselves. The total number of properties benefiting from this solar thermal energy system is 10,124 and make up a total of 32,025 m2 of solar panels available (data 2011).

6. TRANSVERSAL PROJECTS

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Urban waste

• With the collection of used domestic oil: the waste recycling period has been completed with 200 containers. In addition, in 2009, the project to collect used oil and convert it into biodiesel, which LIPASAM started in 2008 with the collaboration of the Bioenergía Selectiva Andaluza company, was awarded the Bioenergy Prize 2009. This was announced by ATEGRUS, the Technical Association for the Management of Waste and the Environment.

• Biogas from rubbish tips Waste from the city of Seville is handed over to the waste treatment centre Monte Marta Cónica, which has a container where waste that cannot be recycled is disposed of in a controlled way. The centre serves the Mancomunidad de Los Alcores, and receives waste from a population of close to 1.2 million inhabitants. This waste produces methane and other gases as it decomposes, which are recuperated to avoid emission into the atmosphere (methane is a powerful agent in global warming), and at the same time produce electricity. Throughout 2008, this form of energy production has generated 40,000 MWh, 5% more than in 2007. We should bear in mind that around 47% of this energy production is from the waste that LIPASAM hands over to said treatment centre.

TAX BENEFITS related to sustainability

• Rebates of 50% on tax on economic activities for citizens who use or produce renewable energy and for companies that establish transport plans that reduce energy consumption and emissions caused by their employees travelling to work.

• Rebates of 50% on tax on real estate for properties in which thermal or electric solar energy systems have been installed.

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• Rebates of 95% on tax on construction and building work if the purpose is exclusively to incorporate systems to harness solar energy.

• Rebates of 75% on motor vehicle tax, for four years from the vehicle’s registration or from the installation of the corresponding systems, for:

Electric or hybrid vehicles.

Vehicles powered by solar energy

Those that are powered exclusively by some type of gas or by vegetable oil derivatives.

Actions of the city water company of Seville with regard to sustainability

Along with the actions of the Integral Water Cycle and as examples, other actions can be highlighted:

• Storm tank in the redeveloped area of Alameda de Hércules. EMASESA has implemented, in 2008, the new storm tank in the Alameda de Hércules, a big well that makes use of the old Metro entrance that was planned in this location of the city, unused since the 1970s, and which allows improvements in the transport capacity of the plumbing network in the historic centre of Seville. This storm tank, the first that Seville benefits from, permits channelling of rainwater in times of heavy rain and when plumbing networks are full, avoiding the floods that were historically produced in this area of Seville as a consequence of the lack of capacity of the plumbing networks in the area, since it is one of the lowland areas of Seville. The storm tank allows the maximum amount of water to flow through the network without it reaching its saturation point. It has a circular base of 24.75 metres in diameter, a depth of 24 metres and a capacity of 11,500 cubic metres.

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• The city water company of Seville has opted for the use of renewable energy, such as the production of electrical energy in mini hydraulic power stations located in reservoirs, the cogeneration of energy in purifying stations or the production of solar energy. With regard to the production of hydroelectric energy. The large amounts of water stored in reservoirs have great potential energy. This potential energy, when the mass of water moves from one reservoir to another, as long as it is flowing downwards to a reservoir in a lower position, can be transformed into kinetic energy and with the use of mechanical turbines this kinetic energy can be transformed into electric energy. This transformation is carried out in the hydroelectric plants situated at the foot of the reservoirs in Aracena, Zufre and La Minilla. Consequently, the production of hydroelectric energy in 2008 has been 21.8 GWh, while the production in 2007 was 10.9 GWh.

• With regard to compost, since 2006 the city water company, EMASESA, has been developing, in collaboration with Befesa-Agua and the Universities of Seville and Cádiz, an investigation project into the supercritical oxidisation of residual water (known by its Spanish initials, OSCAR). This programme, developed during the whole of 2008, has enabled the separation of the mud present in waste water, allowing it to be converted into inert material to be used as a road covering and a construction material, among other uses. Project Oscar is a clean process through which, after the supercritical oxidisation of the mud, a 90% reduction is achieved, producing as a result an inert material with water and gases that pollute minimally. The water produced by the process does not require any treatment and meets the requirements of the regulations to be added to public channels in optimum conditions, and the heat and steam produced during the oxidisation process are used to feed the plant and produce electric energy. The sludge that is reduced to inert material free of pollution, if it cannot be used as a base for

making material for road surfaces or as a base for materials for the construction sector, is taken to a controlled waste container. The process thus implies a double benefit for the environment, since it eliminates 90% of the volume of sludge that EMASESA does not send to compost, and also eliminates pollutants from the resulting product.

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MOBILITY: reduction of gas emissions and a decrease in energy consumption through actions related to transport.

1. New method of transport in Seville: The bicycle

• Currently 13,700 people use a bicycle instead of a car every day. And there are 53,000 who use this method of transport during every work day.

• Currently 7% of journeys in the city are made using a bicycle, (7% of the modal transport number corresponds to bicycle journeys) and this has brought about a 2.5% reduction in CO2 emissions.

• Seville, in 2006, had 12 kilometres of cycle paths and the impact of this form of transport on the modal transport share of journeys was almost nil. Of the journeys that were made in the city, 36.5% were made by foot, 36.3% by car, and 19.5% by public transport. Other methods of transport, including bicycles, accounted for just over 8% in total. In 2010, transport has been transformed: urban journeys by bicycle and by foot reached 44%, while the car has lost importance in favour of other methods, accounting for 32% of journeys.

• The effect of the bicycle on the transport share in 2010: 27% of users on an average working day - around 14,250 - would have chosen to walk if they did not have a bicycle; 37% would have chosen the bus - around 19,500 as the management of Tussam recently stated -. Finally, the most significant piece of information: 26%, around 13,700 people, would have travelled by car. These figures come from before the restrictions on driving in the centre, and also the most recent widening of the network.

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SUSTAINABLE SEVILLESUSTAINABILITY POLICIES. EFFECTS

• In 2009, the reduction in CO2 emissions was equivalent to planting 36,000 trees.

• Bicycle use during 2009 was equivalent to an energy saving of 0.5% of the annual domestic consumption in the city of Seville.

• Around 444.86 tons of petrol per year are saved from primary energy.

Transport share in the city of Seville.

Other means of transport

Private vehicle

Urban buses

Bicycle and on foot

2. Pedestrianisation and recovery of public space

• In total, around 97,903.85 metres squared have been recovered as spaces for pedestrians (the road surfaces recovered for pedestrians have been measured).

Other economic and social effects achieved:

• From an economic point of view, the recovery of public space for people has caused a considerable increase in economic activity in the city. In 2010, licences to open businesses in pedestrian zones doubled. Applications to open businesses have increased, for example in Avenida de la Constitución, where they have tripled since 2004, when it was pedestrianised. And in the streets pedestrianised more recently, calle Asunción and calle San Jacinto, business openings have doubled since their pedestrianisation.

• Citizen consciousness The areas in the historic centre, which had been invaded by private vehicles, not only affecting the wellbeing of the inhabitants of the area but also having negative repercussions on the most emblematic buildings of the city, with the extreme presence of cars producing incalculable damage and threatening to what had made Seville one of the most special places in the world for its artistic and cultural value. Since 2006, the streets and squares of the centre began

to be transformed, changing their appearance, thanks mainly to the pedestrianisation policy introduced by public bodies with the intention of transforming the city. It was the ideal moment for Seville, starting with the most relevant vestiges of the city’s history, to become the modern and sustainable metropolis that its own citizens were beginning to demand. In this way, a new concept arose that was based on valuing a series of emblematic enclaves, like Avenida de la Constitución, Plaza de la Alfalfa, Alameda or Plaza

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SUSTAINABLE SEVILLE SUSTAINABILITY POLICIES. EFFECTS

de la Encarnación, that would become the main exponents of this.

• El bulevar de la Alameda is the best example of this citizen awareness. Everyone agreed that the situation that this northern area of the historical centre found itself in was not ideal for the wellbeing of local residents. It was the residents themselves who, through participative budgets, contributed more than 500 initiatives that transformed the Alameda. The result was satisfactory for everyone, since what had previously been an enormous car park, became

a wide open space for pedestrians to encourage walks, union of cultures, and cultural and recreational activities for young people and the elderly. Benches were installed in the boulevard to encourage people to meet, fountains were constructed that emerge from the ground, and the addition of playgrounds make the Alameda a more attractive place, without losing the popular essence that has always characterised it.

• The inhabitants of Seville were intent on reclaiming the streets. The area made up of Puerta Jerez and Plaza Nueva as the first stage in the pedestrianisation

plan, and Avenida de la Constitución as the epicentre of a model that was changing people’s conceptions of Seville. On 17 April 2006, the centre began to change. On that day, work began that would end up returning this enclave to the people of Seville. The pedestrianisation of the Avenida de la Constitución put an end to the 2,000 cars that used to pass by the Cathedral every hour, damaging the stone, to the 600 tons of carbon dioxide that were emitted in the area, and to the 72 decibels of noise pollution that made the presence of pedestrians impossible. Everything changed, and what used to be a desolate landscape became a meeting place, made for the citizens, which resulted in the increase in commerce in the historical centre.

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3. INNER-CITY TRAVEL.

The Historic Centre Traffic Regulation Plan

• This plan has reduced the traffic that entered the historic centre by 20%.

Since it commenced in December 2010, and up to February 2011, 2,600 tons of carbon dioxide less have been emitted as 20,000 fewer cars enter the historic centre every day.

The combined travel measures have led to an 11.5% reduction in the average daily intensity of the traffic in the city between 2007 and 2010, based on information from 30 measurement points in the city.

The traffic measures adopted represent a saving of 4,346 tons of carbon dioxide per year for the city.

As a consequence, Seville meets the evaluation criteria established by the European Union with regard to atmospheric pollution, with the average nitrogen dioxide pollution recorded at 30 micrograms per cubic metre for the whole of 2010, compared to the European Union’s maximum acceptable level of 40 micrograms per cubic metre. In fact, between 2006 and 2010 Seville has already reduced CO2 emissions into the atmosphere by 217,992.68 tons, meaning that it has already achieved 7.5% of the total objective. Other criteria met by the Andalusian capital is the number of suspended particles: the annual average in the city is 33 micrograms per cubic metre, when the maximum is 50 micrograms per cubic metre. These figures are another endorsement to prove that Seville has some of the cleanest air in Spain, while in other parts of the country complicated processes of atmospheric pollution were occurring.

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Average daily intensity of vehicles in Seville, on working days between 7am and 10am, from 2007, the year when pedestrianisation was introduced.

4. ENERGY.

Transport: Electric city buses, compressed natural gas and biodiesel

• With the new inner-city travel - underground stations, the metro-centre line, cycle paths, and one-way streets – travel time for all types of vehicles has been reduced, leading to a reduction in fuel consumption for all vehicles.

• The use of our public transport system has brought about a marked reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels and the emission of pollutants, as well as taking up less space in the city.

• The use of natural gas in urban transport provides significant environmental benefits compared to the use of traditional fuels, e.g. the reduction in CO2

emissions, the zero emission of solid particles and of SO2, and the important reduction in emissions of NOx and of CO.

• This implies improvements in the quality of the urban atmosphere, a reduction in the greenhouse effect and a contribution to the conservation of the historic monuments of the city. These benefits, along with the safety and technical reliability that the compressed natural gas buses currently have, have led to a large-scale introduction of these vehicles into our fleet. The use of the city bus lines avoids the emission of 46,507,921 kg of CO2 every year.

• The electricity production generated by TUSSAM’s solar plant is the equivalent of the needs of 1,000 households. Furthermore, it has the great advantage of being located within the city of Seville, where energy consumption is higher, so it contributes to improving the capacity of our city’s electricity network in the hours when most energy is consumed.

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Emisiones evitadas por el uso de las líneas de TUSSAM (Kg/año)

CO NO x HC CO 2

14.167.027 5.228.890 924.819 46.507.921

Emissions avoided through the use of public buses (TUSSAM) in kg/year

Transport: Electric tram

• With the introduction of the Metro-Centro tram line, the pollution in the historic centre was reduced, owing to the avoidance of pollutant emissions from the circulation of buses and tourism in the area. The use of this service avoids the emission of 2,701.957 kg of CO2 and 1,075 kg of particles every year.

• Moreover, the tram service has meant that the cir-culation of more that 2,700 buses and 15,000 ve-hicles in the historic centre area every day has been prevented.

A summary of the energy saving and energy efficiency brought about as a consequence of the travel policies that have been applied:

• Seville’s contribution to sustainability, on a wider scale than the impact of the transport changes, can be found in the PLAN OF ACTION FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, a document that sets out the plan of action to reduce pollution and energy consumption. Among the results included in the document, one piece of information that stands out is that in total 62,833 tons of CO2 emissions have been reduced, around 2.5% of the total produced in the city, and nearly 4.6% compared to the emissions generated by transport in 2007.

• In terms of energy saving, the study uses the measure of kilowatt hours. According to the study, the saving is 246,406 kWh, which represents a 7% decrease from the figures recorded in 2007.

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Emisiones evitadas por el uso del Metro_Centro (Kg/año)

CO NO x HC CO 2 SO 2 Part

140.788 18.515 28.988 2.701.957 1.656 1.075

Emissions avoided through the use of the Metro-Centro in kg/year

Seville Solar City Plan

• The first solar tree prevents the emission into the atmosphere of 11 TM of CO2 per year.

• 53 photovoltaic installations in city buildings up to 2009, represents a reduction in CO2 emissions 224.65 tons per year.

5. GREEN SPACES

• In 1999, green spaces represented 8.6 m2 per person, with a total surface area of public green space of 6,423,874 m2. It has now reached more than 25 m2.

TRANSVERSAL PROJECTS

GOVERNMENT SUBSIDISED HOUSING

• With the provision of more than 32,025 m2 of surface area of solar panels, 20,747 tons of CO2 per year are saved from being emitted into the atmosphere. (Data 2011).

WASTE

• Since June 2008, more than 600,000 kg of household oil have been collected and turned into more than 500,000 litres of biodiesel B15 which can fuel a bus for 6,157 days, that is, 17 years.

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Sustainable Seville

Environment

Transcript of Sustainable Seville