Sustainable intensification of horticulture in SE ... Goodwin.pdfIan Goodwin Sigfredo Fuentes...
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Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master subtitle style A joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries Sustainable intensification of horticulture in SE Australia 2050 Ian Goodwin Sigfredo Fuentes Rebecca Darbyshire The Primary Industries Climate Challenges Centre is a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries
Transcript of Sustainable intensification of horticulture in SE ... Goodwin.pdfIan Goodwin Sigfredo Fuentes...
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A joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries
Sustainable intensification of horticulture in SE Australia
2050
Ian Goodwin
Sigfredo Fuentes
Rebecca Darbyshire
The Primary Industries Climate Challenges Centre is a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries
• Consistent high yields of quality product
• Reduction in resource use
• Climate ready production systems
• Carbon neutral
Core Principles - 2050
1. Consistent high yields of quality fruit
Yield and quality - 2014
• Long period from planting to maximum yield – Species dependant
– Improved with high-density planting
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8 10
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Year after planting
Open Tatura
Central leaderOpen Tatura
Central leader
van den Ende et al. (2003)
2050
Yield and quality - 2014
• Large spatial variation in yield – Cannot be attributed to light interception
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20
40
60
80
100
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140
0 20 40 60 80 100
Light interception (%)
Yie
ld p
er
tre
e (
t/h
a)
2009
2010
2011
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4
6
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0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Yie
ld (
d.w
. t/
ha)
NDVI derived Seasonal radiation interception (MJ/m2)
O’Connell et al. (2012)
2050 2050
Yield and quality - 2014
• Large spatial variation in quality – Both between and within paddocks
0
5
10
15
20
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35
<6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-
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12-
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>17
Soluble solids (Brix)
Fre
qu
en
ce
(%
of to
tal)
Pye
Winter
Kaarimba
2050
Yield and quality - 2014
• Large temporal variation in yield – Associated with fruit size and fruit number
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20
40
60
80
Pink Lady Royal Gala
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Variety
Year 1 Year 2
Year 3 Year 4
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100
200
300
400
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Yield
(to
nn
es)
Sunraysia Shiraz
Dunn (unpublished)
2050
75 t/ha
55 t/ha
• Varieties and rootstocks – Early bearing and dwarfing rootstocks for all tree crops
– High harvest index and radiation use efficiency
– Minimum temporal and spatial variation in yield, maturity and quality
– Resistance to pests and disease
– Match quality attributes to markets (e.g. crisp pears for Asia, non-browning fruit for fresh cuts)
Yield and quality - 2050
ANP-0131
• Planting and training systems – Early bearing
– High light interception and light distribution
– Consistent high packout of quality fruit
– Reduced labour, suitable for mechanisation
– Capacity to rework trees
Yield and quality - 2050
2. Reduction in resource use
• Large variation in water use efficiency – Across all horticulture crops
– Despite majority enterprises using micro-irrigation
Resource use - 2014
O’Connell et al. (2012)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Crop water supply (irrigation + rainfall, ML/ha)
• Large variation in water use efficiency – Across all horticulture crops
– Despite majority enterprises using micro-irrigation
Resource use - 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Crop water supply (irrigation + rainfall, ML/ha)
O’Connell et al. (2012)
2050
• Large variation in water use efficiency – Across all horticulture crops
– Despite majority enterprises using micro-irrigation
Resource use - 2014
O’Connell et al. (2012)
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Crop water supply (irrigation + rainfall, ML/ha)
2050
• Large variation in nitrogen status – Example, almonds in NW Vic
Resource use - 2014
O’Connell et al. (2014)
• Chemicals for pest and disease control
• Plant growth regulators
• Rest-breaking agents
Resource use - 2014
• Modernisation of regional water delivery infrastructure
Resource use - 2050
• Modernisation of regional water delivery infrastructure
• On-farm system design – Irrigation management units: Match irrigation system to soil type and
crop water requirement
– Stable performance (e.g. DU > 90%)
– Low energy (low pressure)
– Efficient fertigation systems
– Soluble fertiliser products
Resource use - 2050
• Solid set canopy delivery system
Resource use - 2050
Niemann et al. (2014)
3. Climate ready production systems
• Extreme events – Netting (hail, sunburn)
– Evaporative cooling (sunburn)
– Frost fans
Climate ready - 2014
• Extreme events – Combined netting and evaporative cooling
– Frost fans (doubled as wind turbines)
• Flowering – Well defined varietal x rootstock chill and heat requirements
(synchronise pollination)
– Winter evaporative cooling
Climate ready - 2050
4. Carbon neutral
• Carbon emissions – Reduction in resource use (water, nutrients, chemical, energy)
• Post-harvest must be considered (storage, grading, transport)
– Conversion of wood (prunings, replanting) to fuel or Biochar
– Energy generation (solar, wind)
• Carbon sequestration – Increased yield and quality
• varieties and rootstocks
• planting and training systems
Carbon neutral - 2050
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A joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries
The Primary Industries Climate Challenges Centre is a joint venture between the University of Melbourne and the Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries
www.piccc.org.au
