Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions in Ethiopia and Kenya · (in 2015) 9 9 Scale of operation...

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Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions in Ethiopia and Kenya Lars Osterwalder & Caroline Saul

Transcript of Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions in Ethiopia and Kenya · (in 2015) 9 9 Scale of operation...

Page 1: Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions in Ethiopia and Kenya · (in 2015) 9 9 Scale of operation 150 Community filters 12 Community filters Non-profit Catholic Diocese of Nakuru Water

Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology

Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions

in Ethiopia and Kenya

Lars Osterwalder & Caroline Saul

Page 2: Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions in Ethiopia and Kenya · (in 2015) 9 9 Scale of operation 150 Community filters 12 Community filters Non-profit Catholic Diocese of Nakuru Water

Overview

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INTRODUCTION

BUSINESS INNOVATION

CONCLUSIONS

Page 3: Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions in Ethiopia and Kenya · (in 2015) 9 9 Scale of operation 150 Community filters 12 Community filters Non-profit Catholic Diocese of Nakuru Water

Prevalence of High Fluoride in Groundwater

Source: British Geological Survey

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Dental & Skeletal Fluorosis

Sources:

www.fluoridefreewater.ie

Kakumanu and Rao, 2013

Mild Moderate Severe

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Low-Cost Defluoridation

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Community Filters

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Low-Cost Defluoridation

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Filter Materials

Bone Char

Hydroxyapatite (HAP)

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Bone Char Production

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(1) Raw Bone Purchase

(2) Charring (3) Crushing & Sieving

(4) Washing

(5) Drying (6) Packing & Storing

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Low-Cost Defluoridation

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Technical Performance Bone Char Community Filter

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HAP Production

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(1) Mixing

(2) Filter press (3) Mixing with dry HAP powder

(4) Mincing

(5) Drying (6) Final product

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Low-Cost Defluoridation

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Technical Performance HAP

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Case Studies

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Kenya Ethiopia

Organization Nakuru Defluoridation

Company (NDC)

Oromo Self-Help

Organization (OSHO)

Start of fluoride work 1998 2007

Employees

(in 2015)

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Scale of operation 150 Community filters 12 Community filters

Non-profit Catholic Diocese of Nakuru

Water Quality Program (until

2012)

Fluoride Mitigation Program

Social business Nakuru Defluoridation

Company (since 2012)

Fluoride Removal

Technology Center

(since 2015)

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Successes

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The technology works!

BUT

… the filter material needs to be replaced regularly

… limited ability and willingness to pay for fluoride-safe water

by end users

Cost for treatment currently exceeds the revenue

collected from end users

& Challenges

Page 13: Sustainable Fluoride-Removal Solutions in Ethiopia and Kenya · (in 2015) 9 9 Scale of operation 150 Community filters 12 Community filters Non-profit Catholic Diocese of Nakuru Water

Challenge

USD/m3

Year

End user payments (+ subsidies for O&M)

Service delivery cost

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Business Model

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Business Model Innovation

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Value Creation

Value Capturing

Value Proposition

What is offered to the customer?

Products, Services

Who is the customer?

Market segment(s), customer clusters

How is value created?

Why is the business model profitable?

Resources, capabilities, processes, value network E.g. technological know-how, strategic relationships

Main income sources versus expenditures Target Customer

Csik (2014)

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Initial Business Model

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Value Creation

Value Capturing

Value Proposition

What is offered to the customer? (Products, Services)

• Unknown • “Projects” – site selection + construction + trainings

Who is the customer?

• NGOs • Donor

How is value created? (Resources, Capabilities)

Why is the business model profitable?

• Flouride removal from water

• Donor funding • Limited revenues from water sales

Target Customer

Source: Csik (2014)

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Business Model Innovation

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Wider Product Offering

Complementary Products +

Bundling

Subscriptions

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Workshops to explore new operational models:

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Work with operators/water committees to set up savings scheme,

so they can replace more regularly

Change to a service model: take over replacement in exchange

for % of revenue

Other services: laboratory, consultancy, byproducts

Need to understand costs + volumes

In conjunction with technical approaches:

Reduce filter material production cost

Explore regeneration of filter materials

Explore filter materials with higher uptake capacity

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Conclusions

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• Focus on the service delivery and not only on the technology

• Introduction of HAP production and regeneration

• Improve collection of key data (incl. financial data)

• Conduct market assessment (beneficiaries vs. costumers)

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Thank you!

Caroline Saul: [email protected]

Lars Osterwalder: [email protected]

Project Website