Sustainable Fishery Management / Sustainable Fishery Management
Transcript of Sustainable Fishery Management / Sustainable Fishery Management
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Sustainable Fishery Management lessons from Japanese management system
Takashi Matsuishi At SERD, AIT, Thailand 24Feb-14Mar, 2014
Japanese Fisheries Management
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Top Down Control
TAC management (7 species)
TAE management (9 sp)
Fishery Rights and Licensing (All fishery / fisher)
Bottom up Control
Community Based Fishery Management
Fishery Cooperative Associations (Almost all)
Fisher’s Group
Expansion and Education
Fishery Agency (ABC for 44 species 83 stocks )
Local Government
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TAC and ABC Regulation Outline
Data collection by Prefectural Fishery Experimental
Centres and Fisheries Research Agency (FRA)水産試験場・水産研究所
Stock assessment by FRA and determine the
Allowable Biological Catch (ABC)生物学的許容漁獲量
Determine the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) 漁獲可能量by
Fishery Agency of Japan 水産庁, and distribute the
quota to fisheries
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Data Collection
Target stocks
44 species 83 stocks (2009)
Coastal stocks (excluding International Stocks such as
salmon, tunas etc)
Fisheries Experimental Centre
46 of 47 prefectures has fisheries research centres
They collect catch statistics, catch fish composition (length,
age, sex ratio, maturity etc)
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Stock Assessment Sheet
Basic biology and ecology of the stock
Current stock and fisheries status 資源水準・漁獲現況
Population Estimation 資源評価
Virtual Population Analysis
Acoustic Survey Analysis etc.
Prediction of the future population dynamics
Allowable Biological Catch ABC 生物学的許容漁獲量
Researchers in Universities also make advices for determining the ABC
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ABC
ABC is calculated following the guideline of the stock
assessment made by FRA.
ABClimit, ABCtarget and other options are indicated.
ABClimit: Biological upper limit of catch
ABCtarget: Biologically preferable catch
Other options: Following Fcurrent, Fsim etc.
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Total Allowable Catch 漁獲可能量
Target stocks: 8 species 19 stocks
Determined based on ABC taking into account the
socio-economic considerations
TAC sometimes exceeds ABClimit
Yearly total catch of the species should be under TAC,
and fishery will be stopped by orders of government
when the total catch reaches to TAC.
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ABC and TAC
ABC: Allowable Biological Catch
Recommended maximum catch by scientist
For 44 species
TAC: Total Allowable Catch
Set by Nation
Based on ABC
Consider the socio-economic aspect
For 8 very important species
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Species under TAC regulation
(2009)
http://abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/digests21/index.html
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Sardine 鰯 マイワシ
Sardinops melanostictus
Pacific Stock
Sea of Japan Stock
Pacific Stock Sea of Japan Stock
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Horse mackerel 鰺 アジ
Trachurus japonicus
Pacific Stock Tsushima Stock
Pacific Stock Tsushima Stock
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Common Mackerel 鯖 マサバ
Scomber japonicus
Pacific Stock Tsushima Stock
Pacific Stock Tsushima Stock
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Blue Mackerel 鯖 ゴマサバ
Scomber australasicus
Pacific Stock Tsushima Stock
Pacific Stock Tsushima Stock
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Walleye Pollock 介党鱈 スケトウダラ
Theragra chalcogramma
Pacific Stock Sea of Japan Stock
Pacific Stock Sea of Japan Stock
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Snow crab 楚蟹 ズワイガニ
Chionoecetes opilio
Pacific Stock Sea of Japan A Stock
Pacific Stock Sea of Japan A Stock
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Japanese flying squid 鯣烏賊
Todarodes pacificusスルメイカ
Winter spawning population Autumn spawning population
Winter pop. Autumn pop.
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Sardine イワシ 鰯
Sardinops melanostictus
20cm at age 4
Very common in 1980’s but disappeared from latter
1990’s
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Procedure of Stock Assessment Catch at Age(1976-2010)
Estimated Population at Age(1976-2010) Estimated Fishing Mortality(1976-2010)
Predicted Population(2011)
Predicted Population Dynamics
Predicted Recruitment Assumed Fishing Operation
Allowable Biological Catch Total Allowable Catch
Virtual Population Analysis
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Procedure of Stock Assessment Catch at Age(1976-2010)
Estimated Population at Age(1976-2010) Estimated Fishing Mortality(1976-2010)
Predicted Population(2011)
Predicted Population Dynamics
Predicted Recruitment Assumed Fishing Operation
Allowable Biological Catch Total Allowable Catch
Virtual Population Analysis
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Procedure of Stock Assessment Catch at Age(1976-2010)
Estimated Population at Age(1976-2010) Estimated Fishing Mortality(1976-2010)
Predicted Population(2011)
Predicted Population Dynamics
Predicted Recruitment Assumed Fishing Operation
Allowable Biological Catch Total Allowable Catch
Virtual Population Analysis
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Estimated Biomass (B) and
Exploitation Ratio (E)
Bio
ma
ss (
10
00
t)
Ex
plo
ita
tio
n R
ate
(%
)
B E
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Estimated Biomass (B) and
Exploitation Ratio (E) cont.
Bio
ma
ss (
10
00
t)
Ex
plo
ita
tio
n R
ate
(%
) B E
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Procedure of Stock Assessment Catch at Age(1976-2010)
Estimated Population at Age(1976-2010) Estimated Fishing Mortality(1976-2010)
Predicted Population(2011)
Predicted Population Dynamics
Predicted Recruitment Assumed Fishing Operation
Allowable Biological Catch Total Allowable Catch
Virtual Population Analysis
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Procedure of Stock Assessment Catch at Age(1976-2010)
Estimated Population at Age(1976-2010) Estimated Fishing Mortality(1976-2010)
Predicted Population(2011)
Predicted Population Dynamics
Predicted Recruitment Assumed Fishing Operation
Allowable Biological Catch Total Allowable Catch
Virtual Population Analysis
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Allowable Biological Catch
ABC is predicted catch in the fishing mortality that
the population is sustainable.
Scenarios F/Fcur E C2015 Aver.
C2011-
2015
Prob.
B>Blimit
Prob.
SSB>SSB
cur
ABC
2012
Current Fisheries 1.0 18% 116-826Kt 265Kt 100% 84% 135Kt
SSB rehabilitation 1.75 29% 91-765Kt 296Kt 71% 45% 210Kt
Keep current SSB 2.06 32% 77-614Kt 283Kt 58% 33% 236Kt
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Total Allowable Catch TAC
TAC was also decided based on ABC by Fisheries Agency
Japan with taking into account economical and social
considerations.
Fishing operation will be stopped when the cumulative
landing exceed the TAC.
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Data used in this scheme
Catch statistics for all region and all fisheries for very
long time.
Result of age determination for every year from large
sampling work.
Real time monitoring of the landing in every ports to
know the achievement of the cumulative catch to TAC.
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Walleye Pollock
Sea of Japan Stock
One of the most
important fisheries
resources in Japan
Mainly for Roe (egg)
products and Fish Cake
(Surimi)
Korean eat it as hot-pot
food (Chige)
http://www.marusui.co.jp/shop/38_9.html
http://www.gyoren.or.jp/melma/041120mag_g.html
http://wpedia.search.goo.ne.jp/
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Data Collection
Widely sampled and aged
Acoustic Survey
Interview to Fishers
Virtual Population Analysis
with Tuning
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Result of Stock Assessment
Catch Prob.1 Prob.2
Fcurrent F=0.57 21,900t 0.0% 85.1%
Fsus F=0.26 10,400t 0.2% 0.7%
ABC F=0.24 9,700t 0.4% 0.2%
Frec10y F=0.02 900t 41.5% 0.0%
Catch: Expected Catch in 2010
Prob.1: Probability to recover Preferable Stock Level 140,000t in 2020
Prob.2: Probability to fall to the full ban stock level 30,000t in 2020
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TAC of Walleye Pollock JS 2010
Catch Prob.1 Prob.2
TAC 16,000t 0.0% 50%
ABC 9,700t 0.4% 0.2%
Catch: Expected Catch in 2010
Prob.1: Probability to recover Preferable Stock Level 140,000t in 2020
Prob.2: Probability to fall to the full ban stock level 30,000t in 2020
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Procedure of TAC Decision
The procedure is not opened.
TAC sometimes does not based on ABC but other option
The socio-economic consideration is not quantified and
unclear
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Fishery System
Fishery system consisted from fishers and fish stock.
Both of them are necessary for making sound fishery and stock management.
The success probability of the system is the production of
the success probability of fishery
and success probability of fish stock
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Probability of
Management Success
For Success of management Both success are necessary
Biological success:Maintaining Spawning stock biomass and/or Stock Biomass
Economical Success:Maintaining Net Revenue
Suppress of Fishery Activity Increase Biological Success
Decrease Economical Success
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Estimating Proper Fishing Pressure
Estimate of Biological Success Probability
Already calculated
Precision should be increase
Estimation of Economic Success Prob.
Unclear
Develop the method
Data collection
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Widen the proper area
Increase Biol. Suc. Prob.
Care the spawning grounds
Avoid Ocean Pollution etc.
Increase the precision of the stock assessment
Increase Econ. Suc. Prob.
Lower the costs
Increase Effectiveness
Find new markets
Added Value, Advertisement