Sustainable Energy Technology Theo van der Meer. Why are we interested in new energy technologys?...
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Transcript of Sustainable Energy Technology Theo van der Meer. Why are we interested in new energy technologys?...
Sustainable Energy Technology
Theo van der Meer
Why are we interested in new energy technologys?
jaar
pop
ula
tie /
m
iljo
en
Growth of world population
How many barrels of oil do we use every day?
2% efficiency improvement per jaar
20/14/16% sustainable energy in 202030% CO2 reduction in 2020 refered to 1990
Necessary investments: 8-9 biljon Euro per year (study of ECN)
And what are the Dutch actions????
New government with new (lower) targets: Free market (optimization to Profit) Poldermodel
The Dutch targets for 2020 where/are:
Will we reach our targets??
For a stabilization of CO2 emissions by the year 2050 we need to:
Wind energy:50 x more wind energy
Bio-energy50 x more ethanol production
Solar cells:700 x more capacity
RevolutionEfficiency
All cars: Double the efficiency
All buildings: Improve to best e-level
Nuclear energy:Triple the number of
power plants
‘clean fossil’:Store CO2 of 800 power plants
Evolution
Bron: Carbon Mitigation Initiative; www.princeton.edu
International Energy Agency
ACTS scenario: De CO2 concentration in 2050 back to
the level of 2005
Blue scenario: De CO2 concentration in 2050 50%
lower than in 2005
Energy scenario’s
Energiescenario’s of the International Energy Agency
Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM
For the Blue Map scenario we have to build yearly?
Bron: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives
35 coal power plants with CO2 storage (500 MW) 17,5 GW
20 gas fired power plants with CO2 storage (500 MW) 10 GW
32 Nuclear power plants (1000 MW) 32 GW
1/5 of the Canadian hydro power plants 18 GW
100 Biomass plants (50 MW) 5 GW
14000 wind turbines on land (4MW) 52 GW
3750 wind turbines at sea (4MW) 15 GW
130 geothermal plants (100 MW) 13 GW
215 miljon m2 solar collectors 30 GW
80 thermal solar power plants (250 MW) 20 GW
Total power to be installed yearly: 212,5 GW
Can we do without fossil fuels?
All energy from sun, earth and moon:
Sun: 2.700 Zettajoule per year (1021 J/year) is absorbed by the earth.
Earth: geothermal energy production: 1 ZJ/year Moon: tidal energy: 0,1 ZJ/year Nuclear fission??
Yearly we need: 0,5 ZJ/year,
Equal to16 TW (16 1012 W)
Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM
Also from the sun:
Wind energy 20 ZJ/year Wave energy 0,2 Zj/year biomass 5 ZJ/year Hydro power 0,1 ZJ/year Blue energy 0,05 ZJ/year
Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM
Can we do without fossil fuels?
100% sun in 2050
Area of1000 X 1000 km.In the Sahara!
Can we do without fossil fuels?
Thermal solar plants
Planta Solar 10 and 20 solar power towers
Total 31 MW
3 more expansive as a coal plant
Solar Energy Generating systems in Calafornia
9 plants, total power 350 MW
936.384 mirrors, surface area of 6,5 km2
Total installed power: 667 MW, being built: 1,7 GW
Thermal solar power plants
Desertec
12 companies involved: Munich Re, TREC, Deutsche Bank, Siemens, ABB, E.ON, RWE, Abengoa Solar, Cevital, HSH Nordbank, M & W Zander Holding, MAN Solar Millennium, and Schott Solar.
15% of Europes electicity needs
TU Eindhoven officially started in June 2005 with an approved master program.
In April 2006 upgraded to a national master program (TUE/TUDelft/UT)
Combination between technical (75%) and social sciences (25%), contrary to Utrecht with 25-75%
Comparable programs in Oldenburg, Stockholm, Leeds en Reading
Master Sustainable Energy Technology
program objectives
Domain-specific requirements
Broad:
Have disciplinary theoretical and technical knowledge (broad)
able to evaluate conventional and sustainable energy systems in integrated electrical system context
able to evaluate sustainable energy systems in the societal context
able to design energy systems
able to analyze and understand the socio- technical nature of system innovations
Deep:
expert in at least one sub-area
Consequences of broadness
Large differences in knowledge of the students (BW, CT, EL,
TN, AT)
Students will find one course too simple, and the next more difficult
Teachers have to deal with differences in background
Positive is that you learn how to deal with this:
find quickly the necessary missing ingredients
cooperate with students with other background
Broadness is not easy, BUT WE WANT IT.
The curriculum
Energy from biomass
Solar energy
Wind energy
Electrical power engineering and system integration
Hydrogen technology
System innovation and strategic niche management
24 EC
introductory course: Sustainable energy technologies
courses to reach adequate basic levels in mathematics, physics, chemistry and design engineering:Transport phenomena, Energy systems, Chemical reactor engineering
courses to reach adequate basic levels in social sciences:Energy and economy
The curriculum
The curriculum
system integration projects (6+9 EC): ‘System integration projects 1 and 2’ (Can be replaced by an Internship)
elective courses in preparation for the graduation project (15 EC):
graduation project (45 EC):In one of the following topics:Solar Energy, Wind energy, Biomass, Hydrogen, Intelligent electricity networks and Transition policy. Choice for research group/professor has to be made in the first quarter of the first year.
The curriculum
Internship:
Abengoa, Grolsch, NEM, Stork, Tri-O-Gen, Twence, Hygear, GE-wind, Nicaragua, Cambodja, Indonesie, Zuid Afrika, ECN, TNO, EDON, ENECO, Energie Delfland, EnergieNed, EPON, GASTEC, KEMA, Shell, Stork
Eindhoven Delft Twente
Biomass small scale conversion units
large scale power generation
thermal and chemical conversion processes for the use of biomass as an energy carrier and chemicals
Solar energy
production of amorphous silicon and polymer solar cells
nano-structured 3D solar cells
integration of solar energy into products
3TU master
3TU master
Eindhoven Delft Twente
Wind energy
fluid structure interaction
mainly concentrated in Delft
computational fluid dynamics of wind turbines
Hydrogen technology
small scale production of hydrogen
production using sustainable energy and storage of hydrogen
large scale production of hydrogen
Research groups on:
• Thermal conversion of biomass (Brem (CTW), Kersten (TNW), Lefferts (TNW)), Van der Meer (CTW)
• Pyrolysis/gasification/CO2 capture/combustion of biofuels
Research groups on:
• Membrane-based energy production (Nijmeyer (TNW))
• water treatment (purification), bioreactors,
• fuel cells
• Blue energy
Research groups on:
• Use of sustainable energy in consumer products and in buildings (De Wulf (CTW), Reinders (CTW)),
• New concepts for PV modules
• Simulation of irradiance and PV systems
• Product integrated PV
Research groups on:
• Water footprint of biomass (Hoekstra, Gerbens (CTW))
Global weighted average green (precipitation), blue (ground and surface water) and grey (water related to pollution) water footprints of ethanol for ten crops
Research groups on:
• Design and production with light weight and smart materials (Akkerman, ME)
• Composite integrated PV
• Composite materials for wind turbine blades
• Structural health monitoring of wind turbine systems (sensors, structural behavior, material degredation)
• Self healing materials for off shore wind turbines
Research groups on:
• Engineering fluid dynamics in wind energy (Hoeijmakers, ME)
• Rotating flow machines
• Aero-acoustics
• Fluid structure interaction
and aero-elasticity
Research groups on:
Materials and systems (Ter Brake, Dhalhe (TNW))
• Superconducting magnets for fusion reactors
• Superconducting generators for wind turbines
• Magnetic storage of electical power (friction-less fly-wheels)
• Energy recovery in LNG re-gasification
• Thermal properties of nanofluids
Research groups on:
Production of solar cells with laser techniques (Huis in ‘t Veld, ME)
Drilling, texturing, doping, grooving, cutting, removal of oxides.
Research groups on:
• Smart grids (Smit (EWI), Embedded Systems)
Research groups on:
Micro-CHP and heat pumps (Van der Meer (CTW), Ter Brake (TNW))
• Heat engines
• New heat exchange material
• Heat storage systems (long and short term)
Research groups on:
Advanced materials (several groups in MESA+)
• Semiconductor materials with catalytic functionality
• Solar fuels (conversion of solar energy into chemicals)
• Micro-reactor technology for production of photovoltaic materials
Research groups on:
Sustainable energy and society (Arentsen, CSTM)
• Business and project management• Policy and management• Science technology studies
Program supervision of the M.Sc. program
dr. ir. De Lange (TU/e),
prof.dr.ir. Th.H, van der Meer (UT) and
prof.dr. Kloosterman (TUDelft).
Program administration: In Twente at CTW
There are three target groups for the program:
1. Bachelor students from technical and related science programs at Dutch universities
2. Bachelor students from polytechnic colleges for higher education (in particular energy technology);
3. Bachelor students from technical and related science programs at foreign universities.
Admission
1. Mechanical Engineering, 2. Applied Physics, 3. Chemical Engineering, 4. Electrical Engineering, 5. Installation Technology and 6. Technology Management of TU/e, TUD and UT, 7. Other technical B.Sc.-programs of Dutch universities:
Pre-master 8. B-Sc programs from polytechnic colleges: Pre-master9. Foreign students: check on level, English (similar to
other Masters)
And what when you have finished your study
KEMADutch SpaceTUEUTOnderzoeksinstuut in AustralieBAMSaxionMastervolt (inverters voor zonne-energie)ECNIF Technologies
Does the market need SET-masters?
A market inventory says: YES To reach our ambitious goals: YES In the midst of our economic crisis: YES When the crisis is over: YES