Sustainable Development of Transportation Infrastructure in Tianjin...
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Sustainable Development of Transportation Infrastructure in
Tianjin天津交通设施的可持续发展
-- Wei Zhu (祝为)Graduate Student (研究生)Transportation Engineering (交通工程系)U. C. Berkeley (加洲大学伯克利分校)
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Tianjin’s Social and Economic Role in China天津在中国的社会及经济地位
The nominal GDP for Tianjin was 366.5 billion RMB in 2004, and per capita was 3400 USD. Tianjin gained a growth rate of 12.6%/year for the past 12 years.
Major industries include: electronics, car manufacturing, pharmaceutical, mechanical industries, and petrochemical industries.
• 2005 年天津的国民生产总值为 3665 亿人民币,人均产值为 3400美元。在过去的 12 年中,天津年平均增长率为 12.6% 。
• 支柱产业:电子信息,汽车,生化,石化,机械,纺织等。
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Existing Transportation Infrastructure in Tianjin天津现有的交通设施
Roads and Expressways: ring roads:· Inner Ring Road (neihuan)· Middle Ring Road (zhonghuan)· Outer Ring Road (waihuan) express ways:· Jingjintang Expressway· Jinghu Expressway·
Jingshen Expressway· Tangjin Expressway· Baojin Expressway· Jinbin Expressway· Jinji Expressway national highways:· China National Highway 102, · China National Highway 103, · China National Highway 104, · China National Highway 105, · China National Highway 112, · China National Highway 205, Public transit: The Tianjin bus networkTianjin MetroThe LRT Binhai Line
普通及高速公路:-- 〉环线公路:内环,中环,外环。
-- 〉高速公路:京津塘、京沪、京深、唐津、宝 津、津滨、津蓟。
-- 〉国道: 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 112 , 205 。公交系统:-- 〉公共汽车网-- 〉地铁 塘沽轻轨线
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Strong correlation between GDP and vehicles ownership国民生产值与汽车拥有率的关联
随着中国国民生产值的迅猛发展,汽车需求量因受人均产值的影响将有急速的增长。
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Government is Encouraging Auto Ownership 政府鼓励私人拥有汽车
China’s 8th 5 Year Plan (1991)
Declares the automobile industry a “pillar” industry
China’s 10th 5 Year Plan (2001)
Goal: produce a Chinese family car at a price that would encourage mass consumption
Encouraging low interest auto loans
•中国的第八个五年计划将汽车工业列为支柱性工业。
•中国的第十个五年计划提出:•将中国家庭用车的价格降低至可以鼓励大批量销售。•鼓励低息汽车贷款。
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Increasing vehicles ownership leads to exponential growth in highway demand
汽车拥有量的持续增长导致公路需求量的几何性增长
中国高速公路长度
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Measuring Transportation交通运输的评估
Mobility ( 流动性)
Accessibility ( 可及性)
Litman,T. Chennai: Automobility or Accessibility, 14 Mar 2006
Traffic (交通性)
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Measuring Transportation( 交通运输的评估 )
Litman,T. Chennai: Automobility or Accessibility, 14 Mar 2006
1. Vehicle-mile traffic ( 车辆 - 公里 交通性)2. Passenger-mile mobility (乘客 - 公里 流通性)3. Travel time access (旅行时间 可及性)4. Generalized costs (time and money costs) access ( 通用价值 可及性)
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Impact 1: Land Use(影响之 1 :土地利用)
在甘肃省民勤县北端的青土湖,被沙子掩埋的螺壳说明这里曾经碧波荡漾(3月11日摄)。 http://www.xinhuanet.com
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Impact 2: Resource Consumption(影响之 2 :资源消费)
Source: Natural Resources Defense Council, China’s Cities at a Crossroads: The Need for Smart Growth
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Impact 2: Resource consumption – Continued (影响之 2 :资源消费 – 续)
Oil Consumption, 1990-2025
05
101520
25303540
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Mil
lio
n B
arre
ls P
er D
ay U.S. High
U.S. Ref.
U.S. Low
China High
China Ref.
China Low
Source: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 2004, Table A4, B4 and C4.
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Source: Energy Information Administration (http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/archives/china/part2.html)
Impact 3: Pollution(影响之 3 :污染)
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What is Sustainable Development?(什么是可持续发展呢?)
Definition: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
定义:可持续发展是指既满足现代人的需求以不损害后代人满足需求的能力。 http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2002-08/21/content_533048.htm
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Recommendation -- 1(建议 -- 1 )
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) implementation
智能运输系统的落实
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Recommendation -- 2(建议 -- 2 )
Promote Transit Oriented Development (TOD)倡议公交取向的发展 (欧洲模式)
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Recommendation -- 2(建议 -- 2 )
London's Victoria Station. In addition to being the place where many of the train and tube lines make connections, the station is also a tourist attraction in itself.
伦敦的维多利娅火车站不仅仅是个交通枢纽,也是一个著名的旅游景点。
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Recommendation – 3(建议 -- 3 )
Improve non-motorized transportation system 改进非机动车辆的运输系统
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Recommendation – 3(建议 -- 3 )
Place d’Youville, Montreal, Canada
Bismarckplatz, Germany
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Recommendation – 3(建议 -- 3 )
Leiden, The Netherlands
Strasbourg, France
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Other Recommendations( 其它建议)
Popularize energy-efficient automobiles节能汽车的普及
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Other Recommendations( 其它建议)
Deploy Green Code on future transportation construction绿色规范在未来运输业建筑的推广
Integrate community/urban development approach从城区总体建设的角度发展
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The EndThe End
Thank you!Thank you! ----Q & AsQ & As
谢谢各位的观摩,谢谢各位的观摩,请多提宝贵意见请多提宝贵意见 ..