Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Developmentand formulation of and formulation of strategies strategies

NSSD processNSSD process

Kamil VilinovicKamil VilinovicMinistry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment

Slovak Slovak RRepublicepublic

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable DevelopmentWhat does it mean?What does it mean?

58% - never heard about it58% - never heard about it24% - heard about it but do not know the meaning 24% - heard about it but do not know the meaning of itof it8% - have basic information8% - have basic information1% - have detail information1% - have detail information10% - no answer10% - no answer

Global issues Global issues

Demographic issues Demographic issues – overpopulation, population growth overpopulation, population growth

Social issuesSocial issues– life expectancy, AIDS, healthcare, level life expectancy, AIDS, healthcare, level

of education in less-developed of education in less-developed countriescountries

Political issuesPolitical issues– deficit of democracy, xenophoby, ethnic deficit of democracy, xenophoby, ethnic

problems, corruption, war conflictsproblems, corruption, war conflicts

Global issues (2)Global issues (2)

Economic issuesEconomic issues– major differences between North-Southmajor differences between North-South

Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues– climate change, greenhouse effect, climate change, greenhouse effect,

ozone layer depletion, loss of ozone layer depletion, loss of biodiverity, overexploitation of natural biodiverity, overexploitation of natural resuorces, air, water pollution, resuorces, air, water pollution, deforestation, desertification, land deforestation, desertification, land degradation degradation

Major attribules of sustanable development:socially equitable share of propertyequity of opportunitiesenvironmentally sustainable economygood environmental quality

SOCIAL PILLARsocial

community, cultural

dimension

ENVIRONMEN-TAL PILLAR environmental

quality

ECONOMIC PILLAR

quality of life, consumption and

production patterns

sustainable human development

Sustainable Sustainable

development/definitiondevelopment/definition

„„...development, that enables ...development, that enables meeting the needs of present meeting the needs of present generation, without threatening generation, without threatening needs of future generations.“needs of future generations.“

(Our Common Future, Gro Brundtlant, 1987)(Our Common Future, Gro Brundtlant, 1987)

Modifications/Modifications/improvements of improvements of definitions...definitions...

„„... development, that enables ... development, that enables meeting the needs of present meeting the needs of present generation, without threatening generation, without threatening needs of future generations... needs of future generations... + while not threatening nature + while not threatening nature diversity and safeguarding key diversity and safeguarding key natural functions of ecosystems.“natural functions of ecosystems.“ (§6 Act No. 17/1992(§6 Act No. 17/1992 on Environment, Slovak republic)on Environment, Slovak republic)

……more sofisticated more sofisticated

definitiondefinition „„... Sustainable development = ... Sustainable development = targeted,

long-term (continual), comprehensive and synergetic process affecting all aspects of life (spiritual, social, economic, environmental and institutional) that takes place on more levels (local, regional, global) and that leads through application of practical tools and institutions to such a model of running of a society (community, country, international community) that qualitatively meets material, spiritual and social needs and interests of people, while respecting values of the nature and carrying capacity of the landscape and its resources.“ “ (NSSD, Slovakia, 2000)(NSSD, Slovakia, 2000)

……something for media, general something for media, general public public

……and politicians:and politicians:

„„Sustainable development does not Sustainable development does not mean that we inherited The Earth mean that we inherited The Earth

from our parents, it does mean from our parents, it does mean that we have only borrowed it from that we have only borrowed it from

our children.“our children.“

Criteria for sustainable Criteria for sustainable developmentdevelopment

Development, that should be:Development, that should be:

Economically meaningful Economically meaningful (effective/efficient/beneficial)(effective/efficient/beneficial)

Socially acceptableSocially acceptable Environmentally friendlyEnvironmentally friendly Institutionally reliableInstitutionally reliable

… … but also society driven/ownedbut also society driven/owned

History/sustainable History/sustainable development milestonesdevelopment milestones

1972 - first1972 - first report to Rome Club report to Rome Club „„Limits Limits of Growthof Growth““ stating that the model of stating that the model of industrial society is not sustainable industrial society is not sustainable

1972 - UN Conference on environment 1972 - UN Conference on environment in Stockholmin Stockholm

1980 - World Strategy1980 - World Strategy on Environmental on Environmental Protection (IUCN, UNEP, WWF) with Protection (IUCN, UNEP, WWF) with emphasis on inter-linkages between emphasis on inter-linkages between environmental protection and economic environmental protection and economic developmentdevelopment

History/sustainable History/sustainable development milestonesdevelopment milestones

1984 - Worldwatch Institute in 1984 - Worldwatch Institute in WashingtonWashington,, first publishing (since than first publishing (since than yearly) yearly) “State of the World”“State of the World” with with underheading underheading “Towards sustainable “Towards sustainable society”society”

1987 – Brundtlant´s report – 1987 – Brundtlant´s report – „Our „Our Common Future“Common Future“, United Nations , United Nations

1991 – 1991 – „We Care of the Earth“„We Care of the Earth“ – – sustainable development strategy (IUCN, sustainable development strategy (IUCN, UNEP, WWF)UNEP, WWF)

UNCED - Conference on UNCED - Conference on environment and development environment and development (1992, Rio de Janeiro)(1992, Rio de Janeiro)

178 countries, more than 178 countries, more than 30 000 participants 30 000 participants

100 heads of states 100 heads of states searching for respond to searching for respond to

challenges from Brundtlandtchallenges from Brundtlandt´s report ´s report

Key outcomes from RioKey outcomes from Rio

Convention on Protection of BiodiversityConvention on Protection of Biodiversity Framework Convention on Climate Framework Convention on Climate

ChangeChange Forest Management Guidelines Forest Management Guidelines Rio Declaration (27 principles of Rio Declaration (27 principles of

sustainable development)sustainable development) Agenda 21Agenda 21

Agenda 21Agenda 21

Have you ever heard about Agenda 21?Have you ever heard about Agenda 21?94% - no94% - no6% - yes6% - yes

Agenda 21Agenda 21

... ... a guideline for achieving a guideline for achieving sustainable development in a sustainable development in a better and balanced better and balanced environment...environment...

For its implementation are responsible national governments with support of international organisations, including UN (CSD)

realisation framework – national SD strategies, action plans, policies...

Agenda 21 (2)Agenda 21 (2)

40 chapters40 chapters 4 main parts:4 main parts:

– social and economic dimensionsocial and economic dimension– protection of resources, their protection of resources, their

managemmanagemeent and utilisationnt and utilisation– strengthening role of major groupsstrengthening role of major groups– means of implementationmeans of implementation

(mechanisms)(mechanisms)

Agenda 21 (3)Agenda 21 (3)

Content of chapters Content of chapters – background analysisbackground analysis– proposed objectives and proposed objectives and

activities/measuresactivities/measures– recommendationsrecommendations– proposed financing mechanismsproposed financing mechanisms

ChapterChapter 15 – example15 – exampleSafeguarding biodiversitySafeguarding biodiversity

Main focus:Main focus: improve conditions for safeguarding improve conditions for safeguarding

biodiversitybiodiversity sustainable utilisation of non-sustainable utilisation of non-

renewable natural resources/emphasis renewable natural resources/emphasis on renewableson renewables

support to the Convention on support to the Convention on BiodiversityBiodiversity

UN activities after RioUN activities after Rio

1992 - Commission for Sustainable 1992 - Commission for Sustainable Development (UN CSD)Development (UN CSD)– implementation of UNCED documentsimplementation of UNCED documents– monitoring/reporting (Country Profiles) monitoring/reporting (Country Profiles)

1996 - Indicators of Sustainable 1996 - Indicators of Sustainable Development (UN CSD)Development (UN CSD)– set of 134 indicatorsset of 134 indicators– social (41), environmental (55), economic social (41), environmental (55), economic

(23), institutional (15)(23), institutional (15)

UN activities after Rio (2)UN activities after Rio (2)

1997 - UN Special General Assembly 1997 - UN Special General Assembly Session (UNGASS) – Rio+5 assessmentSession (UNGASS) – Rio+5 assessment

international activitiesinternational activities preparation process of national SD preparation process of national SD

strategies strategies local activities - Local Agendas 21local activities - Local Agendas 21 2002 – WSSD - World Summit on 2002 – WSSD - World Summit on

Sustaianble Development, JohannesburgSustaianble Development, Johannesburg

WSSD Johannesburg WSSD Johannesburg 20022002

World Summit on Sustainable World Summit on Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

26 August – 4 September 200226 August – 4 September 2002 190 countries190 countries progress assessment (Rio+10 progress assessment (Rio+10

assessment) assessment)

Outcomes from Outcomes from JohannesburgJohannesburg

Political DeclarationPolitical Declaration Plan of Implementation – 150 measures Plan of Implementation – 150 measures

focusing on implementation of Agenda 21focusing on implementation of Agenda 21– improving quality of life and protection improving quality of life and protection

of natural resources in the worldof natural resources in the world– population growth, food consumption, population growth, food consumption,

water and sanitation, housing, water and sanitation, housing, infrastructure, energy supply, health infrastructure, energy supply, health care and economic prosperitycare and economic prosperity

European Union and European Union and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

active involvement in implementation of active involvement in implementation of Rio documents = Rio documents = EEU priorityU priority

1997 1997 – assessment of SD indicators– assessment of SD indicators 1998 1998 – European Council in – European Council in CardiffeCardiffe,, two-two-

pillarpillar model model of sustainable development of sustainable development (ECO+ENV)(ECO+ENV)

MMarcarchh 2000 2000 – European Council in – European Council in Lisbon Lisbon – – three-pillar model (ECO+ENV+SOC)three-pillar model (ECO+ENV+SOC)

EU Environmental Action Plans EU Environmental Action Plans (from Dobris 1st to recent 6th)(from Dobris 1st to recent 6th)

EU Sustainable EU Sustainable Development Strategy Development Strategy (2001, Gothenburg)(2001, Gothenburg)

6 priorit6 priorityy areasareas– climate changeclimate change

– negative environmental impacts on healthnegative environmental impacts on health

– increase of pressures on utilisation of natural increase of pressures on utilisation of natural resourcesresources

– poverty and social differentiationpoverty and social differentiation

– expansion of population growthexpansion of population growth

– pollution of environment (water, air, soil)pollution of environment (water, air, soil)

will be reviewed/updated in 2004will be reviewed/updated in 2004!!!!!!

Sustainable Development Sustainable Development and Slovakia and Slovakia

processprocess National level - NSSDNational level - NSSD Regional and local level (RA21, Regional and local level (RA21, LA21)LA21)

Process/towards SDProcess/towards SD

19921992 – adoption of Rio-declaration and – adoption of Rio-declaration and Agenda 21, governmental resolution No.118 Agenda 21, governmental resolution No.118

19931993 - Strategy, principles and priorities of - Strategy, principles and priorities of state environmental policy, gov. resolution state environmental policy, gov. resolution No.619, resolution of Parliament No.339No.619, resolution of Parliament No.339

1996 –1996 – National Environmental Action Plan I. National Environmental Action Plan I. 19971997 – Conception on Implementation of – Conception on Implementation of

Agenda 21 and assessment of SD indicators in Agenda 21 and assessment of SD indicators in Slovakia, gov. resolution No.655Slovakia, gov. resolution No.655

Process/towards SDProcess/towards SD

19991999 – Governmental Council for sustainable – Governmental Council for sustainable development, gov. resolution No.78 development, gov. resolution No.78

20012001 – National Strategy for Sustainable – National Strategy for Sustainable Development, gov. resolution No.978Development, gov. resolution No.978

20022002 - adopted in Parliament (No.1989) - adopted in Parliament (No.1989) 20022002 – National Report on Sustainable – National Report on Sustainable

Development (Rio+10),Development (Rio+10), gov. resolutiongov. resolutionNo.874No.874

20032003 – gov. review (by sectors) – gov. review (by sectors)

National Strategy National Strategy for Sustainable for Sustainable Development Development

Process of preparationProcess of preparation

Methodology & Mechanisms Methodology & Mechanisms

Scope & StructureScope & Structure

Objectives, Priorities, & Measures Objectives, Priorities, & Measures

Implementation & MonitoringImplementation & Monitoring

ProceProcesss s of preparation of preparation

1999 – 2000 UNDP project1999 – 2000 UNDP project March 1999March 1999 – – SD SD visionvision (expert paper)(expert paper) June-August 1999June-August 1999 – – framework structure framework structure, ,

scope, formation of scope, formation of expert groupsexpert groups February 2000February 2000 - - analysisanalysis (1800 pg.) (1800 pg.) August 2000 August 2000 - - synthesissynthesis (350 pg.) (350 pg.) September-October 2000September-October 2000 – – public public

consultation procedure, hearingsconsultation procedure, hearings & & SEA (6 SEA (6 experts)experts)

December 2000 – first draft (REC)December 2000 – first draft (REC)

ProceProcesss s of preparation of preparation (2)(2)

December 2000December 2000 – – internal internal consultation procedure within MoE SRconsultation procedure within MoE SR

February - March 2001 – intersectoral February - March 2001 – intersectoral consultation procedureconsultation procedure

August 2001August 2001 - final draft- final draft October 2001 – adopted by October 2001 – adopted by

GovernmentGovernment April 2002 April 2002 – – adopted by Parliamentadopted by Parliament March 2003March 2003 – – first assessment report first assessment report

adopted in Parliamentadopted in Parliament

Methodology & MechanismsMethodology & Mechanisms

formation/involvement of major groups as formation/involvement of major groups as defined by defined by Agenda 21 (government, local Agenda 21 (government, local authorities, universities, institutions, authorities, universities, institutions, enterprises, public sector (NGOs)enterprises, public sector (NGOs)

Steering Committee (32 members), Steering Committee (32 members), database of experts (200), cross-sectoral database of experts (200), cross-sectoral working group (45), leading experts (6 - working group (45), leading experts (6 - CULT, ECON, INST, ENV, 2 editors – CULT, ECON, INST, ENV, 2 editors – project manager + expert)project manager + expert)

Methodology & MechanismsMethodology & Mechanisms ((22))

definition of tasks definition of tasks & responsibilities & & responsibilities & deadline provisions (budget proposal)deadline provisions (budget proposal)

call for cooperation/bottom-up approachcall for cooperation/bottom-up approach participatory approach/consultationsparticipatory approach/consultations mechanisms of transparencymechanisms of transparency assessment of process/outcomes assessment of process/outcomes (www, (www,

internet conference, seminars, internet conference, seminars, international conferences, public opinion international conferences, public opinion poll, public hearings, involvement of poll, public hearings, involvement of media, press conferences)media, press conferences)

Involvement of A21 major Involvement of A21 major groups/stakeholdersgroups/stakeholders

government (ENV, SOC, ECON, INST)government (ENV, SOC, ECON, INST) institutions (Env. Agency, VUVH, SHMU, institutions (Env. Agency, VUVH, SHMU,

GS)GS) academiaacademia & & universitiesuniversities (SAV, UK, TU, (SAV, UK, TU,

SPU)SPU) trade unions (KOZ)trade unions (KOZ) bussines associations bussines associations (AZZZ, SOPK)(AZZZ, SOPK) local authorities associations (ZMOS, local authorities associations (ZMOS,

UMOS)UMOS) NGOs (STUZ, Ekopolis, People NGOs (STUZ, Ekopolis, People && Water Water, ,

ETP, National Trust Slovakia)ETP, National Trust Slovakia)

Institutional frameworkInstitutional frameworkGovernment/ParliamentGovernment/Parliament

Governmental resolutionGovernmental resolution NoNo. 978 . 978 fromfrom 10 10 OctoberOctober 2001 2001

38 38 measures to be taken by different measures to be taken by different ministriesministries

ParliamentaryParliamentary resolutionresolution NoNo. 1989 . 1989 fromfrom 3 3 AprilApril 20022002

Submission of yearly assessmentsSubmission of yearly assessments Harmonisation of strategies/plans and other Harmonisation of strategies/plans and other

documents with NSSD objectivesdocuments with NSSD objectives

Scope & StructureScope & Structure

background documents background documents (Agenda 21, (Agenda 21, Rio+10, Country Profiles) Rio+10, Country Profiles)

definitions, principles, vision (3 pillars) definitions, principles, vision (3 pillars) analysis of present state of the society analysis of present state of the society

(aspects, dimensions, screening of (aspects, dimensions, screening of existing strategies assessments – existing strategies assessments – lessons learned, development trends)lessons learned, development trends)

SWOT analysis – assessment of sectoral SWOT analysis – assessment of sectoral policies (National Development Plan, policies (National Development Plan, Spatial Plan) and legislation framework Spatial Plan) and legislation framework

sustainability testsustainability test

3 scenarios (zero, EU integration, optimum 3 scenarios (zero, EU integration, optimum = SD scenario)= SD scenario)

strategy (orientation, long-term priorities, strategy (orientation, long-term priorities, short-term objectives, ways and short-term objectives, ways and mechanisms of implementation)mechanisms of implementation)

implementation – supporting proceses, implementation – supporting proceses, framework plan of implementationframework plan of implementation

Governmental resolutionsGovernmental resolutions – focus on – focus on short-term objectivesshort-term objectives

Scope & StructureScope & Structure ( (22))

Long-term Long-term prioritpriorities ies & Strategic& Strategic objectives objectives

developed democratic societydeveloped democratic society integration into international integration into international

structures/alliances structures/alliances modern state and system of modern state and system of

public administration modelpublic administration model information/education/civil information/education/civil

societysociety social solidarity a social social solidarity a social

protection protection harmonised regional harmonised regional

development/spatial planning development/spatial planning high quality of human and high quality of human and

societal resourcessocietal resources

Long-term Long-term prioritpriorities ies & Strategic& Strategic objectives objectives (2)(2) new model of economy (reforms) new model of economy (reforms) high quality of environment, protection high quality of environment, protection

and rational utilisation of natural and rational utilisation of natural resourcesresources

safeguarding life conditions, social safeguarding life conditions, social equity and security of citizens equity and security of citizens

framework for existence and functioning framework for existence and functioning state admininstration systems state admininstration systems

realisation of interestsrealisation of interests

Implementation & Implementation & MonitoringMonitoring

national NSSD – cross-setoral consultations national NSSD – cross-setoral consultations (strategies, programs, Acquis communitaire – (strategies, programs, Acquis communitaire – enlargement process, transposition of enlargement process, transposition of legislation)legislation)

annual review (National Council for SD)annual review (National Council for SD) monitoring by set of indicatorsmonitoring by set of indicators assessment of WSSD outcomes/transposition assessment of WSSD outcomes/transposition

into updated NSSD versionsinto updated NSSD versions regional Agendas regional Agendas 21 (Regional Council for SD)21 (Regional Council for SD) local local Agendas 2Agendas 21 1 –– projects projects RegiRegionsons 21 21,,

capacity building capacity building & & small grants programssmall grants programs 2004 EU SD strategy review – transposition 2004 EU SD strategy review – transposition

into NSSD into NSSD

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Where we are? = analysis + synthesis

Where do we go? = assessment + scenarios

Where do we want to go? = vision + strategy

How do we want to get there? = action plan

Further informationFurther information

www.enviro.gov.skwww.enviro.gov.skwww.turwww.tur..sksk

Cultural and historical areaCultural and historical area

aachievement of sustainable regional, settlement and chievement of sustainable regional, settlement and community development – increase of quality of settlements community development – increase of quality of settlements and integrity of the environment,and integrity of the environment,

achievement of sustainable historical environment and achievement of sustainable historical environment and historical structures of the landscape, including their historical structures of the landscape, including their protection,protection,

long-term fostering of traditions, support of national identity long-term fostering of traditions, support of national identity and culture,and culture,

achievement of quality education and edification of citizens, achievement of quality education and edification of citizens, development of their knowledge and skills,development of their knowledge and skills,

achievement of a comprehensive development of the achievement of a comprehensive development of the society, including internal and external safety.society, including internal and external safety.

Social areaSocial area

achievement of sustainable demographic indicators and achievement of sustainable demographic indicators and trends,trends,

achievement of quality health and social care, improvement of achievement of quality health and social care, improvement of indicators of health state – improvement of social capital,indicators of health state – improvement of social capital,

elimination of poverty and unemployment (through elimination of poverty and unemployment (through implementation of proper programmes and social policy),implementation of proper programmes and social policy),

elimination of socially pathological phenomena,elimination of socially pathological phenomena, achievement of quality development of all major groups of achievement of quality development of all major groups of

population (orientation to risk groups),population (orientation to risk groups), achievement of sustainable value orientation of achievement of sustainable value orientation of

inhabitants, change of consumption patterns.inhabitants, change of consumption patterns.

Economic areaEconomic area

integration of principles and criteria of sustainable integration of principles and criteria of sustainable development in the framework of overall transformation of development in the framework of overall transformation of economy and its structural changes,economy and its structural changes,

oovercoming the traditional model of economy and vercoming the traditional model of economy and development of the new sustainable economy,development of the new sustainable economy,

application of environmentally friendly economy which application of environmentally friendly economy which minimises use of resources, reduces energy and mineral minimises use of resources, reduces energy and mineral resources consumption of the economy,resources consumption of the economy,

achievement of reasonable economic regional achievement of reasonable economic regional development, development of interregional economic development, development of interregional economic relations.relations.

Environmental areaEnvironmental area

ensuring the environmentally sound, long-term utilization of natural ensuring the environmentally sound, long-term utilization of natural resources (conservation or regeneration of natural resources),resources (conservation or regeneration of natural resources),

practical elimination of consequences of global climate change (through practical elimination of consequences of global climate change (through economic measures),economic measures),

achievement of high level of environmental quality of the Slovak achievement of high level of environmental quality of the Slovak landscape and all components of the environment,landscape and all components of the environment,

promotion of application of a comprehensive integrated planning and promotion of application of a comprehensive integrated planning and environmental management in legislation and in practical operation of environmental management in legislation and in practical operation of public administration,public administration,

achievement of sufficient funding the environmental public achievement of sufficient funding the environmental public administration and effective use of resources,administration and effective use of resources,

achievement of sufficient level of environmental education and achievement of sufficient level of environmental education and awareness of citizens.awareness of citizens.

Institutional areaInstitutional area

building a system of institutional tools for practical implementation of building a system of institutional tools for practical implementation of sustainable development conception,sustainable development conception,

improvement of public administration performance (effectiveness, improvement of public administration performance (effectiveness, competence, transparency, integrated approach),competence, transparency, integrated approach),

improvement of application of legislation, legislative power, judicial and improvement of application of legislation, legislative power, judicial and administrative procedures, increase of responsibility and public control,administrative procedures, increase of responsibility and public control,

achievement of reasonable level of participation of citizens and the third achievement of reasonable level of participation of citizens and the third sector in management and development of the society,sector in management and development of the society,

effective application of non-legal tools (in particular education, science, effective application of non-legal tools (in particular education, science, research and access to information),research and access to information),

institutional ensuring of application of sustainable development on institutional ensuring of application of sustainable development on regional level,regional level,

achievement of reasonable level of planning, co-ordination and achievement of reasonable level of planning, co-ordination and co-operation of all segments of the society.co-operation of all segments of the society.

International relations areaInternational relations area

fullfull integration of the Slovak Republic into developed world integration of the Slovak Republic into developed world structures (in particular the European Union), structures (in particular the European Union), 

compliance with international commitments, active work in compliance with international commitments, active work in international organizations,international organizations,

involvement of the Slovak Republic into foreign assistance involvement of the Slovak Republic into foreign assistance provided to developing countries,provided to developing countries,

development of international co-operation development of international co-operation (transboundary co-operation, programmes and (transboundary co-operation, programmes and projects of sustainable development of regions.projects of sustainable development of regions.