Sustainable Cloud Computing for the "Green IT Awareness Week 2012"

1 © D. Toppeta – Proserpina Business Service

Green Cloud: Can the cloud revolution help ICT sustainability, too?

Green IT Awareness Week 2012 Donato Toppeta – Proserpina Business Service

http://www.ict4green.eu/

2 © D. Toppeta – Proserpina Business Service 2

© A. Spina, L. Guzzabocca e D. Toppeta – Vietata la riproduzione anche parziale ed il ri-editing ad hoc – Vers. 1.2 del 7.Maggio.2012

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Acquisti & Sostenibilità - Proserpina Business Service

http://www.acquistiesostenibilita.org/

http://www.proserpina-impresa.eu/

CULTURE

AWARENESS

SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY

ECONOMIC

PROSPERITY

ENVIRONMENTAL

STEWARDSHIP SUSTAINABILITY

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BEARABLE EQUITABLE VIABLE







The Environmental Benefits of Moving

to the Cloud

Accenture, Microsoft and WSP Environment & Energy study:

– “Businesses that move apps to the cloud can cut energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 30+ % versus on premise.

– SME up to 90%”.

– focused on applications

for e-mail, CRM and

content sharing

http://www.accenture.com/us-en/Pages/insight-environmental-benefits-moving-cloud.aspx


SalesForce: Cloud based

• WSP’s study for Salesforce:

“salesforce.com customers emit 95% less

carbon, on average, by using the ‘cloud’”

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In 2010

Salesforce.com's

customers saved:

170,900 tonnes of

CO2 emissions.

WSP Environment & Energy : March 2011 research study

& carbon calculator.

http://www.sfdcstatic.com/assets/pdf/misc/WP_WSP_Salesforce_Environment.pdf



http://www.salesforce.com/company/sustainability/savings.jsp





From SalesForce to CloudApps CloudApps’ efficiency platform :

• Helps organizations cut transport-related costs and emissions,

get sustainability and CSR reporting

• Add a “bit of spice and competition” between employees in

reducing individual footprints – gamification & social networking

http://vimeo.com/32972032


Google’s Green Computing:

Efficiency at Scale

• Google declares that Gmail (cloud based) can be up

to 80 times more energy efficient than an on

premise solution.

• Google used: 2,26TWh in 2010

Google's Green Computing: Efficiency at Scale

Google is a “carbon neutral company”,

25% renewable energy in 2011,

planning >35% by 2012.

SME: 50 PC

http://www.google.it/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=google%E2%80%99s green computing:efficiency at scale&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CD0QFjAA&url=http://www.google.com/green/pdfs/google-green-computing.pdf&ei=GN6qTsDKDIKZhQeu5OjQDw&usg=AFQjCNFaHkyZ4CqREK-P3woNehXoUcZ-jw







CDP & Verdantix “Cloud Computing:

The IT Solution for the 21st Century”

• large US companies

that use cloud computing

will be able to save

$12.3bn in energy costs

and 85.7 million metric

tons of CO2 emissions

annually by 2020.

• The energy savings

are enough to power 5.7

million cars for one year. Cloud Computing – The IT Solution for the 21st Century

http://content.yudu.com/A1t6nj/Cloud-Computing








The Green Grid Mission

• To become the global authority on

resource efficient data centers and

business computing ecosystems.

• Green Grid-created metrics such as:

– Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE™),

– Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE™),

• and the development of others including:

– Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE™),

– Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE™),

– Data Center Productivity (DCP).


Leverage termal waste from data center:

GreenGrid Energy Reuse Effectiveness (ERE)

• IBM (CH) for GIB (2009): a small D.C. (reusing a bunker in

central location) heat a public pool.

• IBM & Syracuse University (2009): cogeneration electric

power with a gas engine, partially heating the building

• First National Bank of Omaha (USA) new “underground”

data center, powered with hydrogen fuel cells, operating

completely "off the grid", saving UPS.

• Telecity Paris (2011): thermal heating from a D.C.

(Codorcet) for the Arboretum where INRA is studing

climate changes effects

12 © D. Toppeta – Proserpina Business Service 12

© A. Spina, L. Guzzabocca e D. Toppeta – Vietata la riproduzione anche parziale ed il ri-editing ad hoc – Vers. 1.2 del 7.Maggio.2012

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How much energy, emissions, e-waste from cloud computing for

Social Networking, Smart Grid and Internet of Things?


Greenpeace (past) campaign

“Facebook: Unfriend Coal”

• Aimed to increase Facebook’s use of clean/renewable energy

14 28/10/2012

Push Facebook to develop a plan to

mitigate climate footprint and to

become coal free by 2021

Educate Facebook users about how

the company powers its services.

Advocate for clean energy at a local,

national and international level.

Facebook: Unfriend Coal page.

http://www.greenpeace.org/unfriendcoal





http://www.facebook.com/unfriendcoal








Hacking Conventional Computing

Infrastructure: Open Compute Project

• A small team of Facebook engineers spent the past 2 years tackling a big challenge:

• The result is Prineville data center (april 2011)

• Now building Luleå (near Artic Polar Circle)

“how to scale our computing infrastructure in the

most efficient and economical way possible”

• Energy - 38% , cost -24%

• Power Usage Effectiveness of 1.08 for Q2 2011

• Plan to report Water Usage Effectiveness


OPENSTACK AT A GLANCE

meet the needs of public

and private Cloud

providers by being

simple and massively

scalable.

Software to make a cloud anywhere

An ecosystem devoted to innovation

Flexibility in deployment/features

Standards for broad deployment

No fear of lock-in

Open Source Cloud computing


Greenpeace: Dirty Energy for Cloud

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The $1 billion data center Apple built in

North Carolina will consume some 100 MW

of electricity, as much as a 250.000 homes

in the E.U.

Data centres to house the explosion of

virtual information currently consume

1.5-2% of all global electricity; this is

growing at a rate of 12% a year.


GreenPeace: “How clean is your cloud?”


Green Public Procurement : G-Cloud

The G-Cloud is the strategy for

adoption of cloud computing for

public government in UK,

G-Cloud includes:

– “meet environmental and

sustainability targets”

– The CloudStore to simply and

transparently buy cloud IT

products and services

(Infrastructure, Software,

Platform and Specialist

Services: already 1700)

ICTStrate-

gy theme Government Cloud Strategy

Alignment with theme

Green A reduction in our data centre estate

will lead to significant power savings.

Adoption of government CIO

Council’s Green Delivery Unit best

practice in procurement and

lifecycles

gcloud.civilservice.gov.uk


The GHG Protocol Product Accounting

and Reporting Standard: ICT sector

Cloud Computing • Scope

– On-premise, Private Cloud, Multi-tenant Cloud

– Is it necessary to consider enablement and rebound effects?

• Functional Unit – Transactions (e.g. API requests, or web requests)

– Number of Users

• Boundary – Data Center, Equipment, Network

• Allocation Issues – Allocation of Data Center and Network usage

– Allocation between applications and between users

ISO 14040 & 14044

PAS 2050 ISO 14067

ITU-TL.1410

ETSI TS 103 199

IEC TR 62725


GHG: Key Guidance for Cloud Services

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The guidance is written from the perspective of a

“user” of cloud and DC services and aims to provide

standard and repeatable methods in order to facilitate

a better understanding of the energy and GHG

impacts of alternative ICT service delivery solutions.


Greencloud from Iceland

Commitment to:

1. To run a sustainable

public cloud 100%

carbon neutral

2. To use renewable

energy and not carbon

offsets

3. To enable our

customers to see their

live energy metrics

and carbon savings

4. To ensure credibility

and full environmental

management by ISO

14001 certification


Cloud Live Migration to follow renewable

variable generation

• The goal of the GreenStar

Network project is to create

technology and standards

for reducing the carbon

footprint of ICT

• It is a CANARIE funded

project led by École de

Technologie Supérieure

• Based on principle:

“Follow the wind/ Follow the

sun”

http://www.greenstarnetwork.com/

http://www.greenstarnetwork.com/


Energy-Efficient Management of Data Center Resources for Cloud

Computing: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Open Challenges

The University of Melbourne, Australia et al.

By Rajkumar Buyya, Anton Beloglazov, and Jemal Abawajy


What if cloud will meet co-generation?:

ICT like an Energy Utility

• Microsoft Research: Data Center Furnace

(thousand of distributed sealed boxes):

– Sealed tele-managed box with 40-400

CPU + high speed internet, electric power,

heating exchange. Learning from 4th Gen

DataCenters (containerized)

– Heat (with backup) used for building and

hot water, $300/year saving?

– Distributed Cloud+Grid Computing

services with low latency

• Volkswagen: EcoBlue: cogeneration at

building level

– CH4 engine modified for co-generation:

heating and electric power

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The Data Furnace: Heating Up with Cloud Computing


Landfill-fueled data center?

Microsoft Redmond's Data Plant: a research project to run

data centers with renewable biogas sourced locally at

landfills or wastewater treatment plants

Also Apple's giant Maiden, N.C., data & NTT America California data center

will use biogas as an energy source for the fuel cells.


2 Examples of Italian (green) cloud

providers: GreenCloud & SeeWeb GreenCloud supports SMEs in replacing PC & servers with Thin Clients

& SAAS (virtualized desktop with Citrix):

• Example a SME replacing 20 PC & rack (4 servers) with GreenCloud:

– Average power from 300 to 50Watts with a €50 montly saving for seat

(PC -> thin client): total saving €12000 (including rack and air conditioning)

– Reduction of 25.000kg of CO2eq

– HP announced t410 Thin client with 18,5” display uses only 13Watts!

SeeWeb provides "On demand" cloud hosting charging by Seeweb Power Unit related to: disk, RAM, CPU & bandwidth With dynamic tuning on Energy efficient Cloud It claims: • 20% energy saving vs on premise • Space saving, high availability


ENI ed ICT Transformation:

Private Cloud e Green Data Center • Operational SW + HPC : 7000 servers 60 CPU cores, 30MW

(15kW/m2) – Hihgh availability and Performance

• Target P.U.E.=1.2 : reduction 335Kton CO2 x year (Free

Cooling 75->83% total time + air filtered, stand-by UPS with

high efficency: 99%, therma maps, very close to electric power

plant turbogas – CH4, sourcing, virtualizzation, consolidation,

Software tuning for energy efficency, etc.)

Energy density = 500 times an oil refinery


European Environment Agency

& Microsoft Azure: Eye On Earth

CLOUD enables Open Data & Crowd Sourcing for

mapping data on air and water pollution


SmartCity & Cloud: CISCO & Living PlanIT

World Economic Forum’s Technology Pioneers of 2012

Why we need

smart, sustainable

liveable cities

Cloud based

Urban O.S.


Redefining education access Corsera: High quality

courses from the top

universities

for FREE to EVERYONE:

1. Learn

2. Interact

3. Achieve https://www.coursera.org/

EdX : joint partnership between

MIT and Harvard University to

offer online learning to millions

of people around the world:

• Transformational and Disruptive

• Open Source Platform

• Include MITx & HARVARDx

• not for profit

• www.edxonline.org FFITS also offers it

on: training.ffits.org


CISPA :Cyber Intelligence

Sharing and Protection Act

• Said purpose is to protect America’s internet interests against cyber attacks. – It should allow every federal agency to override any

(U.S.) existing online privacy laws to access user information (Amends the National Security Act of 1947)

– Allow private companies the right to share your user information and data with the federal government

– It’s a sort of extension of the Patriot Act

– Broad support from many private companies

CISPA passed in the House on April 26, 2012 and

goes to the Senate next for consideration.

Wednesday, January 18th was a big day for the

Web: 7 millions Americans stood up in

opposition to PIPA (Protect IP Act) and SOPA

(Stop Online Piracy Act) – bills

https://www.google.com/takeaction/

https://www.google.com/takeaction/


How Green is the Cloud?

• Does cloud computing

provide net environmental benefits?

• Potential benefits of PAAS, IAS, SAAS as replacement of on premise infrastructure: – Higher server utilization by virtualization and on demand

provisioning, thermal maps, energy saving tuning, shared high availability, multi-tenancy, etc.

– Whole Data Centers optimized for global energy efficiency (HVAC, free cooling, etc.) to save money&CO2,“hopefully” renewable electricity sources and heating reuse.

– Packaging and supply optimized (up to containerized data center), easier to recycle standardized hardware centrally managed and smart selection of data center location.

– Promote remote work (replace commuting) and tele services

– Enable thin clients and low power devices (tablets, smart phones) and new solutions like smart grids / smart cities for saving energy and water or reducing traffic congestion.

– As for Buy Software Online it avoids packaging and shipping


Cloud still has a growing environmental

impact

• Data centers are already responsible for nearly 1.5 percent of global electricity

use, global energy consumption will rise by around 40% by 2030 (Greenpeace

calculated 1,5-2%, growing at a rate of 12% a year)

• Affluent consumers are pushed to desire more high-tech equipment, complex

applications grow hungrier for energy, cheap apps and social network booming

push the cloud to scale up quickly, big data explosion with IoT

• Location makes all the difference on the carbon footprint, the cloak of secrecy

around data center sites and the challenge of accounting for carbon.

– If all else is equal, data center operators will build facilities where the energy is

cheap, and usually, that means dirty (coal, nuclear), plus additional demand for high

speed and mobile communication infrastructure.

http://www.analyticspress.com/datacenters.html

http://www.analyticspress.com/datacenters.html


Is cloud also 3BL sustainable?

• Surely Cloud allows SME and

consumers to pay (less) per use – Might reduce digital divide, provide mobile services

to low developed countries, open access to public data, made easier to safely chat, twitt and skype to organize mass movement by e-democracy, offers wikipedia and free e-learning (Coursera, edX, Kuhn), create jobs.

• Potential issues, knowledge is growing: – Privacy concern also for fewer huge cloud and social

network providers, big data analysis, trans-national legislation, censorship (China, Iran, etc.)

– reduced (traditional ICT) workforce, relocation

– unknown effect of major fault or virus/worm on cloud


[email protected] www.ict4green.eu

Thanks for your attention

mailto:[email protected]



Sustainable Cloud Computing for the "Green IT Awareness Week 2012"

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