•Mahmoud Shaaban

Sustainability issues in Steel Construction

Nov 30, 2009

ContentContentPart I

◦Sustainability◦EIA◦LEED; SS, WE, EA, MR, EQ, ID

Part II◦Sustainable Steel Construction SCC

Part III◦Application for IFSC

SustainabilityEnvironmental Impact

AssessmentLEEDLEED NCSummary

1.1 Sustainability1.1 Sustainability

Sustainability is finding a balance between environmental, social and economic factors and can be

defined as "treating the World as if we intended to stay"

1.2 Sustainable 1.2 Sustainable ConstructionConstruction

Focuses on built environment

construction phase

operational life cycle

1.31.3 Environmental Impact Environmental Impact AssessmentAssessmentEIA Process by World Bank- Executive Summary- Project Description- Baseline Data- Impact Assessment- Analysis of Alternatives- Mitigation or Management Plan- Environmental Monitoring Plan- Public consultation

1.3 1.3 EIA / air analysisEIA / air analysis

1.4 GREEN 1.4 GREEN BUILDING/LEEDBUILDING/LEED

7 Versions:◦LEED-NC: New Construction◦LEED-EB: Existing Buildings◦LEED-CI: Commercial Interior◦LEED-H: Homes◦LEED-ND: Neighbourhood Development

◦LEED-S :School◦LEED-R: Retail

Sustainable Site

Water Efficiency

Energy & Atmosphere Materials & Resources

Indoor Environmental Quality

Innovation & DesignLEED - NC

1.5 LEED Canada NC ver 1.0

Procedures;Intent & Requirements & Submittals & Referenced Standard

SS Credit 2: Development Density SS Credit 2: Development Density

And Community ConnectivityAnd Community Connectivity Requirements

◦ increase development based on the minimum density of 13,800 m2 per hectare

Or ◦ achieve the required development density on its

site◦ within 800 metres (½ mile) of a residential zone

or neighbourhood◦ with an average density of 25 units per hectare

(10 units per acre net) (unless the project itself contains residential units);

◦ 6 unique amenities in or within 800 metres of the project; and, pedestrian access between the building and the services.

Equation:

DDsite = (GFAP/AT) ≥ 60,000 ft2/acre DDarea = ΣGFAi / ATi ≥ 60,000 ft2/acre

WhereGFAi : Gross floor area of other building (square feet)GFAP : Gross floor area of the subject project (square feet)

1 point

WE Credit 2WE Credit 2: Innovative : Innovative Wastewater Wastewater TechnologiesTechnologiesRequirements:Reduce sewage water consumption

by 50% - captured rain water, conservative use

Treat 50% of wastewater on-site

Baseline water Fixture Requirement

Calculations and Calculations and ConsiderationsConsiderations

(BWD – GW) / BWB ≤ 0.50 1 point

Where GW is the annual gray waterBWD or ASG is blackwater design generation rate

gal/yrBWB is the blackwater baseline generation rate

gal/yr

EA Credit 2.1EA Credit 2.1 : : Renewable Energy 5%Renewable Energy 5%

Requirements:Supply at least 5% of the

building’s total energy through on-site renewable energy systems.

The Photovoltaic Effect in a Solar Cell

Wind Turbine

MR Credit 7MR Credit 7 : Certified : Certified WoodWood

Requirements:use a minimumof 50% of wood-

based

Materials & products

Certified wood, (FSC)

Where, MATL$FSC = ∑MATL$FSCi over all units i MATL$WOOD = ∑MATL$WOODi over all units I MATL$FSCi = MATL$UNITi (MASSFSCi)/ MASSUNITi MATL$WOODi = MATL$UNITi (MASSWOODi)/ MASSUNITi

Calculations and Considerations:

100(MATL$FSC)/ MATL$WOOD ≥ 50 1 point

100(MATL$FSC)/ MATL$WOOD ≥ 95 Extra1 point

EQ Credit 2EQ Credit 2: : Ventilation EffectivenessVentilation Effectiveness

Requirements:For mechanically ventilation systems -Air change effectiveness (Eac) ≥ 0.9 (ASHRAE

Standard 129-1997)

For naturally ventilated systems – distribution and laminar flow pattern that

involves not less than at least 90% of each room or zone area in the direction of airflow for at

least 95% of hours of occupancy

Four strategies for Indoor Air Control: Eliminate, Ventilate, Clean, Monitor

ID Credit 1:ID Credit 1: Innovation in Design Innovation in Design

SummarySummaryPoin

ts for C

old

Form

ed S

teel

(CFS

)

ADVANTAGES OF STEEL ADVANTAGES OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

3 Ps

PeoplePeople

safety and pleasant working conditions during construction

maximize glazed areas

enhanced quality of life

good thermal and acoustic insulation

social

PlanetPlanet

recyclable clean and dry construction

site free of detriment elevated mechanical

properties production and processing

are environmentally friendly◦ CO2 emissions have been halved

◦ dust dispersion has diminished by more than 90%.

lightweight and fit harmoniously

environment

ProfitProfit

promote energy savings

Erection is rapiduse of less

materialeasy to maintainextremelydurable

Economic

Use of materials and C&D waste Use of materials and C&D waste generationgeneration in the life cycle of buildingsin the life cycle of buildings

Re-use and recycling of Re-use and recycling of steel used in constructionsteel used in construction

Statistics Canada for IC&I Waste, 2007

Recycle in USARecycle in USA

- in 2007, the overall recycling rate was about 78.2 M tones of scrap

Technologies:

Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF)

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

As per the Steel Recycling Institute

Basic Oxygen Basic Oxygen Furnace Furnace (BOF)(BOF)

uses 25 to 35 % of old steel

to produce new ones

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

uses more than 80% of old steel to make new one

CO2 Equivalent per tonCO2 Equivalent per ton

Energy ConsumptionEnergy Consumption

reduced by 33% since 1990

reduced the dependency on natural resource

Steel Prices in USASteel Prices in USA

Scrap Steel Prices

Life Cycle InventoryLife Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Cost (Steel vs Life Cycle Cost (Steel vs Concrete)Concrete)

Corrosion Environmental & Corrosion Environmental & DurabilityDurability

Reference: Nippon Steel Technical Report No.79 Jan 1999

Effect of water on Effect of water on corrosioncorrosion

Effects of oxygen concentration and temperature on the corrosion of low-carbon steel pipes are indicated in the diagram below

Sustainability Model Sustainability Model

ReferencesReferencesAmerican Iron and Steel

Institute (AISI)

http://steel.org

www.sustainable-steel.org

International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI)

http://www.worldsteel.org/

NAHB Research Center

National Green Building Standard

http://www.nahbrc.org/

Steel Framing Alliance

http://www.steelframing.org

Steel Recycling Institute

http://www.recycle-steel.org

Steel Stud Manufacturers Associationwww.ssma.com U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency andRenewable Energyhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/steel/pdfs/moe_steelmaking.pdf U.S.Green Building Councilhttp://www.usgbc.org U.S. Geological Surveyhttp://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/iron&steel/

Canadian ReferencesCanadian References

APPLICATION OF IFSC SYSTEM

Intermodal freight Intermodal freight shipping containers shipping containers (IFSC)(IFSC)

Container’s ComponentsContainer’s Components

Exploded view of typical Exploded view of typical steel shipping containersteel shipping container

Internal DimensionsInternal Dimensions

HousesHouses

HousesHouses

Eighty-six shipping Eighty-six shipping containers make up the new containers make up the new Travelodge Hotel in Travelodge Hotel in Uxbridge, EnglandUxbridge, England

Massive shipping Massive shipping container architecture container architecture rounduproundup

THANKS

Sustainability IssuesPart I: LEEDPart II: SSCPart III: IFSC