Sustainability at Western Sustainability at Western HarborHarbor

Malmö, SwedenMalmö, Sweden

October 11, 2006October 11, 2006

The NeighborhoodThe Neighborhood

• Total area of 85,000 m2, or about 21 acres.

• Mixed use development - will provide facilities for 30,000 people working, living and studying in a mixed use area with housing, retail, offices and education.

SustainabilitySustainability

• Social• Economic• Environmental

Social SustainabilitySocial Sustainability

• Accessibility• Safety• Meeting Places

Economic SustainabilityEconomic Sustainability

• Long lifetime for buildings and infrastructure

• Influential citizens

• Attractive

Ecological SustainabilityEcological Sustainability

• Waste systems• The “green”

parts• Mobility

management• Energy systems• Environmentall

y adapted building and approval process

The Eco-Cycle CityThe Eco-Cycle City

• Separation of biological wastes

• Biogas digester• Convenient collection

system

Green Space FactorGreen Space Factor

•Green space requirement = 0.5

•An amount of greening equivalent to half the site area must be provided by summing up factors for green roofs, open space, open water, green trellises.

•Types of enhancements in system include green factors for animals, plants and stormwater.

Calculating the Green Space FactorCalculating the Green Space Factor

Example Green Factor calculation for the Green Factor for residential courtyard

m2 Factor Score for a site

a garden plot 951 0.5 476

green on the ground 129 1.0 129

green on the wall 112 0.7 78

green roof 330 0.8 264

open water 23 1.0 23

climbing plants 72 0.2 14

This example shows only an extract from the full scoring system - there are many more items.

Stormwater ManagementStormwater Management

• Integrated into Green factor goals• Stormwater managed through a

series of open fresh and saltwater channels, open gutters, fountains and natural vegetation.

• “Biotopes” -- mini ecosystems design to provide habitat and teach people about them -- are scattered throughout the complex.

• Stormwater is recirculated in channels and playgrounds in the summer, for aesthetic reasons.

• Use of art throughout (“bug” platforms, carved stone weirs).

• Area ecologist employed to evaluate the system and educate.

Mobility ManagementMobility Management

• Minimizing dependence on cars is a huge challenge

• Emphasize bicycling and public transportation

• Car traffic and parking is restricted

• Car sharing system (ala FlexCar)

Energy SystemsEnergy Systems

• Efficiency – goal of 105 kwh/m2

• Power production– Electricity from wind power and

photovoltaics– Heat from solar collectors and

ground source heat pump system– Cooling from heat pump and

aquifer– Biogas

• Annual requirements met 100% by on-site renewable energy

Annual Energy Intensity

05

101520253035404550

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kWh

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Steam Consumption

Gas Consumption

Elect Consumption

Energy Targets

International EnergyTargets

LEED Projects

Existing SODOBuildings

Wind PowerWind Power

• 2.0 MW Vestas turbine• Located 3 km away – far

enough to avoid disturbances, but close enough to “belong” to the area

• Connected to Malmö’s electrical grid

• Provides all of the area’s electrical needs

Thermal Solar CollectorsThermal Solar Collectors

• 1,400 m2 on 10 buildings

• Vacuum and regular• Connected to district

heating network• Integrated into

building design• Owned and operated

by local utility• Fulfills 12% of annual

heating load

Photovoltaic Solar CollectorsPhotovoltaic Solar Collectors

• 120 m2 on one building

• Integrated into the building as movable sun shading

• Designed to be demonstration project – gives the builder, architect and utility operational experience

Ground Source Heating and Ground Source Heating and CoolingCooling

• Extracts heat from aquifer and sea water

• Seasonal storage for heating and cooling

• 10 wells, 90m deep• Linked to district

heating and cooling system

Tätt skikt

20 m

90 m

Cold well Warm well

Sealing layer

Heat pump

Aquifer

200 mLimestone

Warm wells

Cold wells

Local heating plant

Biogas ProductionBiogas Production

• Digestion of waste and sewage water

• Filtration and cleaning• Natural gas network• Supplies 22 detached

houses (European village)

Energy Generation

Energy Loads

HeatHeat pump - 85% 3/4 aquifer 1/4 sea waterSolar collectors - 12% Organic residues - 3%

Electricity Wind - 99.8%Photovoltaics - 0.2%

Bo01

Heat

Aquifer

Electricity

Heat

Cooling

6300MWh

4600MWh

Electricity

Energy BalanceEnergy Balance

35 kWh elect / m2 per year

70 kWh heat / m2 per year

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Bo01 Sweden Europe

Rel

ativ

e en

viro

nm

enta

l eff

ect (

times

)Greenhouse effect

Acidification

Eutrophication

Anticipated ResultsAnticipated Results

Quality ProgramQuality Program

• Developed to insure environmental performance – created by the City of Malmö in concert with developers

• Program was established and guidelines defined before any plots were sold

• Included green area factor, energy performance standards, requirement for residential courtyards to be planted with big trees etc

• Landscape architects had to be employed early in the process and a mechanism for the long-term management and maintenance of the outdoor spaces had to be developed

• Developers were held responsible for fulfilling requirements; however, no penalties assessed for failure to comply

An EnergyPlus An EnergyPlus NeighborhoodNeighborhood

• Would provide…– Resiliency

through diversity– Price stability– Insulation from

wet/dry hydro cycles

– Environmental and GHG benefits

– Protection from terrorism and natural disasters