Susceptibility Weighted MRI

Sagar Buch1 E Mark Haacke2

1The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research (Canada)2Department of Radiology Wayne State University

4th International Workshop on MRI Phase Contrast amp Quantitative Susceptibility MappingMedical University Of Graz Austria

Acknowledgements

Yongsheng Chen PhDSaifeng Liu PhD

Dongmei Wu PhDYu-Chung Norman Cheng PhD

Jaladhar Neelavalli PhDZhifeng Kou PhD David Utriainen BS

Sean Sethi MS

Magnetic Susceptibility

bull Phase is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility (χ) differences

bull Magnetic Susceptibility indicates the amount of magnetic response from a substance when placed in an external magnetic field

Metallic implantsCalcium based compoundsSuch as bones and teeth

calcifications etc

Iron-compoundsfound in veins

basal ganglia etc3

Phase (φ) = minus γΔBTE

B0

Δ

Δ lowast

MR Phase Behavior

bull Local magnetic induction (or field) B(r) of a dipole at position r in presence of the external magnetic field is given by

bull middot int middot middotBecomesbull 3 middot ndash rsquo

where middot (Greenrsquos function method)

5

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64

Bleed

Susceptibility Artifacts in MRI Each pixel in the MR image can be represented by a

complex number Raw phase images may have aliasing caused from

background field inhomogeneities

MagnitudeTE = 15ms

Original Phase

TE = 15ms

6

Low spatial frequencyLow Spatial Frequency

High Spatial Frequency

Background Field Removal

Spectrum of BackgroundField

Spectrum of Local Field

Loss of Information

7

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Acknowledgements

Yongsheng Chen PhDSaifeng Liu PhD

Dongmei Wu PhDYu-Chung Norman Cheng PhD

Jaladhar Neelavalli PhDZhifeng Kou PhD David Utriainen BS

Sean Sethi MS

Magnetic Susceptibility

bull Phase is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility (χ) differences

bull Magnetic Susceptibility indicates the amount of magnetic response from a substance when placed in an external magnetic field

Metallic implantsCalcium based compoundsSuch as bones and teeth

calcifications etc

Iron-compoundsfound in veins

basal ganglia etc3

Phase (φ) = minus γΔBTE

B0

Δ

Δ lowast

MR Phase Behavior

bull Local magnetic induction (or field) B(r) of a dipole at position r in presence of the external magnetic field is given by

bull middot int middot middotBecomesbull 3 middot ndash rsquo

where middot (Greenrsquos function method)

5

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64

Bleed

Susceptibility Artifacts in MRI Each pixel in the MR image can be represented by a

complex number Raw phase images may have aliasing caused from

background field inhomogeneities

MagnitudeTE = 15ms

Original Phase

TE = 15ms

6

Low spatial frequencyLow Spatial Frequency

High Spatial Frequency

Background Field Removal

Spectrum of BackgroundField

Spectrum of Local Field

Loss of Information

7

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Magnetic Susceptibility

bull Phase is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility (χ) differences

bull Magnetic Susceptibility indicates the amount of magnetic response from a substance when placed in an external magnetic field

Metallic implantsCalcium based compoundsSuch as bones and teeth

calcifications etc

Iron-compoundsfound in veins

basal ganglia etc3

Phase (φ) = minus γΔBTE

B0

Δ

Δ lowast

MR Phase Behavior

bull Local magnetic induction (or field) B(r) of a dipole at position r in presence of the external magnetic field is given by

bull middot int middot middotBecomesbull 3 middot ndash rsquo

where middot (Greenrsquos function method)

5

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64

Bleed

Susceptibility Artifacts in MRI Each pixel in the MR image can be represented by a

complex number Raw phase images may have aliasing caused from

background field inhomogeneities

MagnitudeTE = 15ms

Original Phase

TE = 15ms

6

Low spatial frequencyLow Spatial Frequency

High Spatial Frequency

Background Field Removal

Spectrum of BackgroundField

Spectrum of Local Field

Loss of Information

7

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

B0

Δ

Δ lowast

MR Phase Behavior

bull Local magnetic induction (or field) B(r) of a dipole at position r in presence of the external magnetic field is given by

bull middot int middot middotBecomesbull 3 middot ndash rsquo

where middot (Greenrsquos function method)

5

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64

Bleed

Susceptibility Artifacts in MRI Each pixel in the MR image can be represented by a

complex number Raw phase images may have aliasing caused from

background field inhomogeneities

MagnitudeTE = 15ms

Original Phase

TE = 15ms

6

Low spatial frequencyLow Spatial Frequency

High Spatial Frequency

Background Field Removal

Spectrum of BackgroundField

Spectrum of Local Field

Loss of Information

7

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

5

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64

Bleed

Susceptibility Artifacts in MRI Each pixel in the MR image can be represented by a

complex number Raw phase images may have aliasing caused from

background field inhomogeneities

MagnitudeTE = 15ms

Original Phase

TE = 15ms

6

Low spatial frequencyLow Spatial Frequency

High Spatial Frequency

Background Field Removal

Spectrum of BackgroundField

Spectrum of Local Field

Loss of Information

7

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Susceptibility Artifacts in MRI Each pixel in the MR image can be represented by a

complex number Raw phase images may have aliasing caused from

background field inhomogeneities

MagnitudeTE = 15ms

Original Phase

TE = 15ms

6

Low spatial frequencyLow Spatial Frequency

High Spatial Frequency

Background Field Removal

Spectrum of BackgroundField

Spectrum of Local Field

Loss of Information

7

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Low spatial frequencyLow Spatial Frequency

High Spatial Frequency

Background Field Removal

Spectrum of BackgroundField

Spectrum of Local Field

Loss of Information

7

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

A Shows areas of increased iron content including pulvinar thalamus B Healthy age-matched volunteer Homodyne high pass filter 64x64

Phase Imaging for Multiple Sclerosis

Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI Basic Concepts and Clinical Applications Dr E Haacke8

Control (B)Patient (A)

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

How to utilize the phase information

How to improve the contrast between veins and tissue

How to combine the magnitude and phase information

9

OriginalMagnitude

Processed Phase

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Basics of SWI

10

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Basics of SWI

11

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Basics of SWI

12

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Basics of SWI

13

if-πltφ(x)lt0

1f(x)=

Phase mask

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Homodyne high-pass filtering

Phase mask

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Basics of SWI

K-space data

Magnitude image

Phase image High-pass filtered phase image

Phase mask

Homodyne high-pass filtering

14

MinimalIntensityProjection

SWI-Magnitude image

M = 4

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

15

MR Phase imagesExample data from a stroke patient

MagnitudeTE = 20ms

Processed PhaseTE = 20ms HPF 64times64 SWI-Magnitude

BleedBleed

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Periventricular WM Medullary Veins Histology

Okudera et al Neuropathology 1999

SWI

7T SWI venography in NYUImage courtesy of Dr Yulin Ge

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Applications of SWI

17

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

SWI

Challenging the Neurovascular System

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Challenging the Neurovascular System

Caffeine flow change = minus 27 plusmn 9 ΔYv = minus10 plusmn 32Diamox flow change = +30 plusmn 7 ΔYv = +9 plusmn 28

SWI

CBF

Caffeine challenge200mg caffeine pills=gtVaso-constriction

Diamox challenge1000mg diamox IV injection=gtVaso-dilation

Buch et al JCBFM Published online March 2016

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

MRI scan date 20130104

MRI scan date 20130111

Two scans from the same stroke patient

MTT

SWI

SWI

MTT

Images courtesy of Luo Yu MD The Branch of Shanghai First Hospital

After 7 days

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Venous Thrombosis

before treatment and

after thrombolysis

Courtesy of GuangbinWang MD

Shandong Medical Imaging Research

Institute Jinan China

T1 T2

PRE POST

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Post Gd 3D T1 SWI (no contrast agent)

Czabo Juhasz Yang Xuan and Dr E Haacke Wayne State University

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Development of the Venous System as a

Function of Gestational Age

GA ndash 34 47 GA ndash 37 17

GA ndash 31 47GA ndash 28 27GA ndash 24 57

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Fetal SWIT2-wted(Slice location)

MR Venography of Fetal Brain

Neelavalli J et al J Magn Reson Imaging 40949ndash957 (2014)

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Recent Advances

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Orientation Dependence

26

Phase image

Phase mask

SWI

mip of SWI

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Orientation Dependence

Susceptibility map

Phase image

Phase mask

Susceptibility mask

SWITrue-SWI

mip of SWI

mip of tSWI

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

SWI (only veins)

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Simultaneous MRV and MRAInterleaved

RephasedDephasedSWI

MRA (short echo GRE)

SWI (only veins)With no contrast agent the interleaved double echo sequence offers excellent background suppression to give a superb MRA and SWI

Images courtesy of Yongquan Ye PhD

RP-DP MRA

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

Imaging veins and arteries using double echo SWI

Thrombus dominates Short TE SWI (TE = 75ms)

Note the asymmetrically prominent cortical veins

MIP of MRA

Long TE SWI (175ms)

Images courtesy of Meiyun Wang MD Henan Provincial Peoplersquos Hospital

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

ETL=1

ETL=1

ETL=3

ETL=3

ETL TR(ms)

TE(ms)

Scan Time

SNR

1 23 13 5m50s 171

3 28 13 3m4s 161

ETL=Echo Train Length

Segmented-EPI SWI (SEPI-SWI)

Conventional GRE SEPI GRE

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

MICRO ldquoMicrovascular In-vivo Contrast Revealed Originsrdquo

Data collected with Ferumoxytol by Yulin Ge MD at NYU 100μ x 200μ x 1250μ acquisition time roughly 15 minutes 4mgkg of Ferumoxytol (normal dose 16mg) images acquired at 7T

Highlights both arteries and veins

Pre-contrastMagnitude

Post-contrastSWI

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map

STAGE short protocol = 9 minutes for entire brain Add T2DWI = 3 minutes

Strategically Acquired Gradient Echo Imaging or STAGE Imaging

T1W PDW SWI QSM

T1 map PD map R2 map MRA

T2W

ADC map