Susceptibility- Lack of resistance to a disease

Resistance/ immunity- Ability to ward off disease

Innate (nonspecific) immunity- Resistance to all microbes;present from birth (can be species specific)

Adaptive (specific) resistance- Resistance to a specific pathogen

Immunity

Host defense systems

Figure 16.1 - Overview (1 of 3)

First line of defense- skin

-Physical factors

-Chemical factors

-Microbiota

First line of defense- mucosal surfaces

-Physical factors* Mucous production* Cilia* Hairs

First line of defense- mucosal surfaces

-Physical factors

-Chemical factors

-Normal microbiota

First line of defense- lacrimal apparatus

-Physical factors

-Chemical factors

Second line of defense- blood cells!

Bruce Wetzel (photographer). Harry Schaefer (photographer)National Cancer Institute

Table 16.1 (2 of 3)

Second line of defense- blood cells!

Table 16.1 (3 of 3)

Second line of defense- blood cells!

Type of cell Increase Decrease

RBC ErythrocytosisPolycythemia

Anemia

WBCs Leukocytosis Leukopenia - lymphocytes Lymphocytosis Lymphocytopenia

- granulocytes Granylocytosis Granulocytopenia

- neutrophils Neutrophilia Neutropenia

- eosinophils Eosinophilia Eosinopenia

Platelets Thrombocytosis Thrombocytopenia

ALL cell lines

Pancytopenia

Complete blood count (CBC)

Figure 16.6

Figure 16.7 - Overview

Processes: Phagocytosis

Chemicals released by damaged cellsthat cause:

- Vasodilation

- Increased permeability

- Activation of Complementsystem

Processes: Inflammation

Processes: The Complement System

Activation of complement proteins will:

1. Enhance phagocytosis

2. Punch holes in microbes

3. Cause inflammation