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13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Marco Ponti, Paolo Beria, Francesco Ramella
DiAP, Politecnico di Milano
Highways economic regulation. A worldwide survey
TRA SPO LRESEARCH CENTER ON TRANSPORT POLICY
LABORATORIO DI POLITICA DEI TRASPORTI
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
SIG on Transport Economic Regulation
Aims of SIG
� The SIG-4 on Transport Economic Regulation aims at
� creating a worldwide forum of stable relationships and shared
elaborations for scholars of the sector, public regulators and
regulated firms.
� promoting a better regulation, both in theory and practice.
Scholars
RegulatorsRegulated
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
� In order to have realistic goals, the SIG initially focused mainly on transport
infrastructures regulation, leaving the services regulation to the next
future.
SIG on Transport Economic Regulation
The first focus
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Projects
The database on transport infrastructure regulation (1)
� Along with the collection of on transport infrastructure regulation the
first long term activity promoted by SIG has been the constitution of a
database on transport infrastructure regulation. � open,
� independent,
� web based (eliminare ???)
� “low cost”...
� The survey focuses on economic regulation within the transport sector. It
considers the four main transport mode (highways, ports, railways,
airports)
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Projects
The database on transport infrastructure regulation (2)
� Databases will include not only the regulation description, but also a short
list of top interest bibliographical references provided by collaborators.
� The first part of the survey has been completed in June 2013:
� data related to the highways sector have been collected for 20 countries
� data collected have been submitted to academic experts for external review
� The survey is structured into three parts dealing with:� 1. general aspects of road infrastructure regulation, like the regulatory
framework, the use of PPPs, concession type and length, ownership, access, etc.
� 2. specific regulatory issues, like the mechanisms to regulate tolls, or the type
of pricing, etc.
� 3. the main features of the regulatory institutions.
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Countries and length of the motorway network [km * 10^3]
In the selected countries live the majority
(55%) of the world population and they
account for about 75% of the world GDP
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Previous studies and comparisons
� Databases will include not only the regulation description, but also a short
list of top interest bibliographical references provided by collaborators.
� Literature and research papers can be divided into theoretical
contributions, case studies, policy studies and surveys.
� Many analysis carried out at national level, or continental level (Fayard et
al. 2001, Engel et al. 2003, Ragazzi et al. 2005, Albalate et al. 2009); others
review the institutional arrangements for road asset management (Queiroz
et al. 2010) but no comprehensive analysis of the regulatory and
institutional framework
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
General aspects
� US, Canada, EU, Japan and Australia: motorway network built after the
World War II (a few links in Germany and Italy before it)
� Other countries: most of the network built in the last 20 years.
� Most of the networks built and maintained with public funds by a national
agency (in Japan and Austria trough a public concession)
� Main exceptions: Italy, France, Spain and Chile: concession used since the
beginning, by private or public-private enterprises.
� All other countries have non-negligible shares of private or public
concessions, both due to privatisations or Project Financing schemes.
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Network management models
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Au
stra
lia
Au
stri
a
Bra
zil
Ca
na
da
Ch
ile
Ch
ina
Fra
nce
Ge
rman
y
Hu
ng
ary
Ita
ly
Jap
an
Me
xic
o
Ru
ssia
So
uth
Afr
ica
Sp
ain
Sw
ed
en
Tu
rke
y
USA U
K
Ind
ia
Private concession Mixed concessions
Public concession Local/federal/national agencies
Local/fe
deral/na
tional
agencies
66%
Mixed
concessi
ons
22%
Private
concessi
on
9%
Public
concessi
on
3%
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Network management models
%tolled
State
provided
10%
%tolled
Public
concessi
ons
2%
%tolled
Mixed
concessi
ons
22%
%tolled
Private
concessi
ons
9%
free
57%0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Au
stra
lia
Au
stri
a
Bra
zil
Ca
na
da
Ch
ile
Ch
ina
Fra
nc
e
Ge
rman
y*
Hu
ng
ary
Ital
y
Jap
an
Me
xic
o
Ru
ssia
So
uth
Afr
ica
Sp
ain
Swe
de
n
Tu
rke
y
US
A
UK
Ind
ia
%tolled Private concessions %tolled Mixed concessions
%tolled Public concessions %tolled State provided
free
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Number of concessions, according to ownership
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Ind
ia
Bra
zil
Sp
ain
Ch
ile
Me
xic
o
Ita
ly
Ch
ina
Fra
nce
UK
Au
stra
lia
Ge
rman
y
Jap
an
Hu
ng
ary
So
uth
Afr
ica
Tu
rke
y
Au
stri
a
Ca
nad
a
Ru
ssia
USA
Sw
ed
en
Public concession
Mixed concessions
Private concession
Direct state provision
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Highways worldwide survey
Type of concessions
65%
35%
Build only
PPP models
China: 85000 km of PPPs, adopting various
models (OT, BOT, ROT); public financing
about 66-90% of capital costs
Other countries: most used model is BOT,
in some cases anticipated by design and
finance phases; R(ehabilitate)OT and OT
models
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
Proposed activities
Conferences
� The SIG wants to organise conferences, sessions, workshops.
Realistically:
� One periodic workshop (yearly)
� Participation to WCTR conferences with a “branded” session
� Participation to other conferences with “branded” sessions
In the (next) future:
� Organisation of a full yearly conference
� Organisation of summer schools and student workshops.
13th WCTR, July 15-19, 2013 – Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
SIG4 – WCTRS Special Interest Group on Transport Economic RegulationA proposal for a world database on transport infrastructure regulation
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