Survey Research Method
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Transcript of Survey Research Method
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What is a Survey ?
ASurvey collects information
Is a Census from all the populationIs aPollif for political information
Is aSample Survey if from just a sampleof a population
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Conditions for a Survey
Answer the Objectives
Be Unbiased, Accurate Be Generalizable
Be Ethical Be Economical
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Before a Survey
Define the Questions to be answer.
Define the Sampling strategy.
Design and Test the Questionnaire.
Train the field workers.
Define the technique for
crossvalidation.
Define the final Analysis.
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During the Survey
- Verify and crossvalidate the Questionnaire
- Check Time table and Budget
After the Survey
- Crosscheck again all the data
- Perform the main analysis
- Perform any exploratory data analysis.
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The Question
The first task is to clearly and
concisely define the MainQuestion of interest as well as
the Target Population of the
study.
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Sampling Unit
The individualA family
A group, i.e. a class.
Sampling Frame
Existing listingNew listing
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Define the Precision or Tolerated errorof the estimates : 1% , 5%.
Are there any Nuisance factor to be
accounted for, which ones are important?
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Stratification
Sample size proportional to strata size
Equal sample sizes from all strata Sample size inversely proportional to
strata variability.
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Multiple Steps Sampling
Big Units
2nd Units
Sampling
Units
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Questionnaire
Short and Concise
Open Questions
Multiple choice
Yes/No
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Internal Validity
How to check if the subject
answers truthfully?- Ask the same question twice?Marital status
Spouse age
- Check frequency versus known data
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External validity
Are the appropriate questions asked?
Are the questions understandable by
all the subjects in the sample.
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Study of Trends
Cohort
Panel
same same
same
same
new
new
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Interviewers in Follow
Up Studies
Preferably be the same. If not the training must be the same.
They must be comparable
.
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Preparing for Validation
Lists of valid responses for each
question.
Define code for: Missing values.
Not applicable.
Do not know. Automatically set the Not applicable
based on some previous question.
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Definition of the Analysis
Specific Objective 1- Test to answer specific
objective 1. Specific Objective 2
- Test to answer specific
objective 2.
Secondary objectives
- Test to investigate secondary
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During the Survey
Collect questionnaires daily.
Check yesterday questionnaires for
missing or invalid answers.
Re-interview invalid questionnaires
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The Time Table
The often forgotten tasks. Is the number of answered
questionnaires according to thepredicted for this date?.
Is more time needed to fill up the
required number of questionnaires?
Are more interviewers needed to
complete the task in time?
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The Interim View
Crosstabulate the descriptor variables.i.e. age, gender, occupation, etc.
Are they similar to the known ( orassumed) distribution in the population?
Are we getting a representative or a
biased sample?.
Do we need more advertising of the
study in some sectors of the population?
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After the Survey
Check for outliers in all variables,
both singly and in logical pairs. Are the distributions and
scattergrams plausible ?
Decide whether to impute or to
eliminate the clear mistakes.
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Statistical Analysis
Main Analysis
Description of the sample
Predefined Main Statistical analysis
Statistical significance of results
Exploratory AnalysisDescribe test / procedure used
Report results
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The Report List of Objectives.
Objectives achieved.
Sample size estimated.
Response rate in the sample.
Main Statistical Analysis.
Results with significance or ConfidenceInterval of estimators.
Statistical Power of the tests performed.
Results of the Exploratory Data Analysis
C l i
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Conclusions What was achieved.
Did the main Analysis agree withpredictions and if not why?
Interpretation of the results of the mainAnalysis.
Were any new hypothesis generated bythe EDA.
Interpretation of the findings by theEDA.
Ideas for new research.