SURVEY ON FINANCING AND GROWTH OF SMALL AND …...Data collection The sample size for this survey...

SURVEY ON FINANCING AND GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES2017

Data Tables

NOVEMBER 2018Released on November 22, 2018

Produced byStatistics Canada

In collaboration withInnovation, Science and Economic Development CanadaSmall Business BranchResearch and Analysis Directorate

Quality code

A - ExcellentB - GoodC - AverageD - MediocreE - Poor, use with cautionF - Not reliable, do not use

Coefficient of variation

Up to 5%5% up to 10%10% up to 15%15% up to 20%20% up to 25%25% or higher

Standard error - for percentages

Up to 2.5%2.5% up to 5%5% up to 7.5%7.5% up to 10%10% up to 12.5%12.5% or higher

Target population

These estimates were generated from the responses of enterprises that in 2017 employed between 1 and 499 employees and generated an annual gross revenue of $30,000 or more.

Sampling weights have been applied in compiling the estimates. That is, the individual enterprises in the sample are weighted according to their representation in the target population.

Tourism industries include firms in a number of sectors, such as transportation, recreation and entertainment. It is a re-grouping of Statistics Canada’s standard industry categories that is often used by Innovation, Science and Economic Develpement Canada and other organizations. The methodology report lists NAICS codes included in ICT.

Financing and leasing companies, subsidiaries, non-profit organisations, government offices, schools, hospitals and other public sector organisations are not covered by this survey. Users should visit http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=2941 - and consult - Definitions, data sources and methods for more information. Knowledge-Based industries (KBI) include firms in a number of technology sectors, such as telecommunications carriers, video production, and computer services. It is a re-grouping of Statistics Canada’s standard industry categories that is often used by Innovation, Science and Economic Develpement Canada and other organizations. The methodology report lists NAICS codes included in KBI.

Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) industries include firms in a number of technology sectors, such as production of communications equipment, semiconductors and other electronic component, software publishers, and computer systems design. It excludes telecommunications services. It is a re-grouping of Statistics Canada’s standard industry categories that is often used by Innovation, Science and Economic Develpement Canada and other organizations. The methodology report lists NAICS codes included in ICT.

Data collection

The sample size for this survey was 17,323 entreprises. The estimates were generated from the responses obtained from 9,115 SMEs. The response rate, as a percentage of in-scope businesses, is 59.7%. The survey collection took place from February to May 2018.

Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017

This document contains tabulations of estimates produced from the Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).

Data accuracy

Weighting

Statistics Canada

Since all the Survey on Financing and Growth of SMEs estimates are based on sample results, they are subject to sampling error. The Coefficient of Variation (CV) and the Standard Error (SE) are statistical measures of the sampling error associated with a given estimate. The quality of the estimate increases as its CV or SE decreases. For percentage estimates, the SE is the indicator of the sampling error, while for other values, the CV is the indicator of the sampling error. The published tables show the sample estimates together with a letter value rating the quality of the estimate based on the CV or SE, along with the actual CV or SE.

[email protected](613) 862-8819

For further information about the concepts, methods of estimation used, or data quality of the estimates contained in this report, please contact:

Please use the following to understand the quality of the estimates provided in the tables:

Chris Johnston

Survey estimates may also contain non-sampling error. Non-sampling errors are not related to sampling and may occur for many reasons. Population coverage errors, differences in the interpretation of questions, incorrect information from respondents, and mistakes in recording, coding and processing data are examples of non-sampling errors. Non-response is an important source of nonsampling error.

Centre for Special Business Projects

Table

1 Overall External Financing Request Rate and Reason for Not Seeking External Financing2 Provider of Debt Financing 3 Debt Financing4 Debt Financing by Instrument Type5 Amount of Debt Financing Requested and Authorized6 Debt Financing Terms and Conditions7 Intended Use of Debt Financing8 Reasons Given by Credit Provider for Turning Down Debt Financing Request9 Lease Financing10 Amount of Lease Financing Requested and Authorized11 Intended Use of Lease Financing12 Trade Credit Financing13 Equity Financing14 Government Financing15 Business Age and Method of Possession of the Business16 Sources of Financing Used to Start Up Business17 Sources of Financing to Buy/Acquire Business18 Average Yearly Growth in Sales/Revenues19 Obstacles to Business Growth20 Sales by Destinations21 Exports (Percentage of Business That Export, Export Type and Export Destination)22 Reasons for Not Exporting23 Obstacles to Export24 Intentions to Expand to New Markets25 International Business Activity26 Federal Government Procurement27 Obstacles to Federal Government Procurement28 Technology and Website Adoption29 External Consultant30 Primary Decision Maker Age, Place of Birth and Language31 Ownership Characteristics32 Primary Decision Maker Education and Experience33 Succession Planning34 Innovation Activities and Reason for Not Innovating34 Intellectual Property Awareness36 Intellectual Property37 Social Enterprises - Mission38 Social Enterprises - General Information39 Social Enterprises - Donations and Sales40 Weighted Enterprise Counts

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 47.1 A 0.8 52.9 A 0.8 91.1 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.2 1.9 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.4

1 to 4 employees 36.5 A 1.1 63.5 A 1.1 91.1 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.3 1.9 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.3 3.3 A 0.5



100 to 499 employees 67.4 B 3.6 32.6 B 3.6 86.4 C 7.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 0.8 0.1 A 0.1 0.6 A 0.4 11.7 C 7.3

Atlantic 55.7 A 2.3 44.3 A 2.3 88.6 B 2.6 2.0 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.7 5.1 A 2.3

Quebec 42.5 A 1.8 57.5 A 1.8 89.1 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.1 1.0 A 0.4 5.2 A 1.2

Ontario 48.1 A 1.2 51.9 A 1.2 90.3 A 1.1 1.3 A 0.3 3.1 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.6

Northern Ontario 49.0 B 2.9 51.0 B 2.9 83.9 B 3.7 7.7 B 2.9 2.2 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 0.8 5.0 A 2.0

Southern Ontario 48.1 A 1.3 51.9 A 1.3 90.7 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.3 3.2 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.7

Prairies 47.6 A 1.6 52.4 A 1.6 94.1 A 1.2 0.8 A 0.4 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.5

Manitoba 55.4 B 3.5 44.6 B 3.5 94.2 B 2.8 0.9 A 0.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.5 2.9 A 2.4 1.5 A 1.3

Saskatchewan 53.8 B 3.4 46.2 B 3.4 95.2 A 2.2 2.6 A 2.0 0.5 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 1.0 A 0.7

Alberta 44.4 A 2.1 55.6 A 2.1 93.9 A 1.4 0.4 A 0.3 0.2 A 0.2 2.3 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.6 2.2 A 0.7

British Columbia and Territories 47.1 A 2.2 52.9 A 2.2 92.7 A 1.5 0.2 A 0.1 1.2 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.8 0.9 A 0.4 3.3 A 1.0

St. John's 42.3 D 9.4 57.7 D 9.4 74.3 E 11.3 5.2 B 5.0 3.7 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 3.9 B 3.8 13.0 E 10.7

Halifax 50.3 C 6.5 49.7 C 6.5 90.7 C 5.1 5.2 B 4.3 1.9 A 2.0 2.2 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0

Quebec 33.6 C 5.7 66.4 C 5.7 84.3 C 6.9 0.8 A 0.8 5.5 C 5.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.9 A 0.6 8.5 C 5.0

Montreal 41.1 B 2.8 58.9 B 2.8 88.4 A 2.3 2.2 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.3 0.3 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.5 5.6 A 1.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 49.0 B 4.5 51.0 B 4.5 86.2 B 4.2 1.2 A 1.0 7.4 B 3.5 0.4 A 0.3 2.3 A 1.7 2.4 A 1.4

Toronto 46.9 A 2.1 53.1 A 2.1 91.1 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.3 3.4 A 1.3 0.6 A 0.3 1.6 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.0

Kingston 49.6 C 5.1 50.4 C 5.1 96.0 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.6 1.5 A 1.5 0.4 A 0.4 1.4 A 1.4

Hamilton 48.9 C 6.2 51.1 C 6.2 80.3 C 7.1 0.6 A 0.6 3.5 A 2.5 0.5 A 0.5 4.0 B 3.1 11.1 C 6.3

St. Catharines-Niagara 51.4 C 6.2 48.6 C 6.2 92.6 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.8 4.7 B 3.3 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 1.4

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 48.0 C 5.5 52.0 C 5.5 73.0 C 7.5 3.5 B 3.4 4.2 B 4.1 10.1 C 5.7 1.3 A 1.3 7.9 B 3.3

London 47.7 C 5.5 52.3 C 5.5 94.8 B 4.0 3.9 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0

Windsor 45.7 C 6.0 54.3 C 6.0 96.3 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 3.7 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 54.1 C 5.5 45.9 C 5.5 94.8 B 4.5 0.7 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.6 B 4.4

Winnipeg 53.5 B 4.6 46.5 B 4.6 93.8 B 3.6 1.3 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.7 4.1 B 3.4 0.1 A 0.1

Calgary 46.9 B 3.9 53.1 B 3.9 95.8 A 1.4 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.7 A 1.0 0.7 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.9

Edmonton 43.3 B 4.3 56.7 B 4.3 96.2 A 1.9 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 2.6 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.9 A 0.7

Vancouver 50.4 B 3.4 49.6 B 3.4 90.8 A 2.3 0.4 A 0.3 2.4 A 1.4 1.9 A 1.1 1.5 A 0.8 3.0 A 1.3

Victoria 46.3 D 8.3 53.7 D 8.3 94.7 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.3 B 4.5

56.9 A 2.5 43.1 A 2.5 94.7 A 1.4 0.2 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.7 0.3 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.5 2.8 A 1.0

55.0 A 2.3 45.0 A 2.3 90.1 A 2.1 0.7 A 0.4 3.4 A 1.4 1.1 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.4 4.0 A 1.5

61.3 A 2.2 38.7 A 2.2 89.4 A 2.2 1.5 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.6 3.4 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.4 3.9 A 1.4

58.6 A 2.2 41.4 A 2.2 88.5 B 2.5 2.5 A 1.3 1.5 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 2.0 A 0.8 5.5 A 1.9

55.5 A 2.4 44.5 A 2.4 85.7 B 2.6 2.0 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.6 1.2 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.9 7.3 A 2.1

47.4 B 2.6 52.6 B 2.6 89.7 B 2.5 0.6 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.9 4.5 A 1.9 1.2 A 0.9 2.8 A 1.2

31.1 A 1.9 68.9 A 1.9 92.5 A 1.6 0.4 A 0.3 3.8 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.7

44.4 A 2.4 55.6 A 2.4 90.6 A 1.7 4.0 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.3 3.0 A 1.0

51.2 A 2.4 48.8 A 2.4 88.7 A 2.3 2.6 A 1.2 2.5 A 1.3 1.3 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.7 3.1 A 1.2

36.7 A 2.1 63.3 A 2.1 93.7 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.5 3.2 A 0.9

Tourism 48.8 B 4.3 51.2 B 4.3 91.1 B 3.0 2.0 A 1.5 0.3 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.8 1.4 A 1.4 4.1 A 2.1

Information and Communication 32.2 B 3.1 67.8 B 3.1 89.0 B 3.0 2.4 A 1.7 1.0 A 0.6 2.1 A 1.7 3.0 A 1.3 2.6 A 1.7

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 28.2 B 4.3 71.8 B 4.3 94.8 A 2.4 1.1 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.3 2.9 A 2.1

Rural 50.7 A 1.8 49.3 A 1.8 90.3 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.5 2.6 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.3 3.6 A 1.0

Urban 46.2 A 0.9 53.8 A 0.9 91.2 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.5

Exporter 57.5 A 2.3 42.5 A 2.3 91.1 A 1.9 0.6 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.5 4.1 A 1.4

Non-exporter 45.7 A 0.8 54.3 A 0.8 91.0 A 0.7 1.4 A 0.2 2.0 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.4

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 52.2 B 3.1 47.8 B 3.1 92.3 B 2.6 0.0 A 0.0 4.5 A 2.3 0.5 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.3 2.3 A 1.2

50.6 B 2.6 49.4 B 2.6 95.0 A 1.6 0.7 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.5 0.2 A 0.2 2.7 A 1.4

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 48.7 A 1.2 51.3 A 1.2 92.6 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.4 2.6 A 0.6

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 38.8 A 1.9 61.2 A 1.9 91.3 A 1.4 1.0 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.5 3.9 A 0.9

46.1 A 2.4 53.9 A 2.4 83.5 A 2.5 2.9 A 0.9 4.2 A 1.8 1.8 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.7 5.9 A 1.4

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 46.3 A 2.5 53.7 A 2.5 88.4 A 2.4 1.7 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.7 2.1 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.8 4.4 A 1.7

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 44.9 A 1.5 55.1 A 1.5 91.0 A 1.2 1.3 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.6


Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 52.0 A 1.4 48.0 A 1.4 91.7 A 1.1 0.8 A 0.3 1.4 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.9

57.9 A 1.9 42.1 A 1.9 89.7 A 1.8 1.1 A 0.4 3.2 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.2 5.0 A 1.4

58.6 A 2.2 41.4 A 2.2 92.4 A 1.6 1.0 A 0.5 3.3 A 1.1 0.7 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.3 1.8 A 0.9

62.8 A 2.2 37.2 A 2.2 89.5 A 2.0 2.5 A 1.0 3.5 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 2.9 A 1.3

58.5 A 2.3 41.5 A 2.3 89.0 A 2.1 1.7 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.5 2.5 A 1.0 4.3 A 1.5

57.1 A 1.5 42.9 A 1.5 89.8 A 1.3 1.4 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.4 4.2 A 1.0

42.5 A 1.0 57.5 A 1.0 91.7 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.2 1.7 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.3 3.1 A 0.5

Holds IP 52.8 A 1.6 47.2 A 1.6 89.8 A 1.5 1.1 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.8

Holds Formal IP 57.2 A 2.4 42.8 A 2.4 91.6 A 2.0 1.6 A 0.6 2.2 A 1.4 0.3 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.5 3.1 A 1.2

No IP 44.9 A 1.0 55.1 A 1.0 91.7 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.5

Not familiar with any type of IP 48.4 A 0.9 51.6 A 0.9 91.1 A 0.8 1.3 A 0.3 2.1 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.5

Familiar with at least one type of IP 42.4 A 1.8 57.6 A 1.8 91.9 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.4 3.3 A 0.8

Procurement Did business with Federal government 66.3 B 2.7 33.7 B 2.7 92.4 B 3.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 0.8 5.9 B 2.9

<30 years old 59.7 C 6.1 40.3 C 6.1 90.4 B 4.5 4.8 B 3.8 4.4 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.4

30 to 39 years old 48.5 A 2.2 51.5 A 2.2 92.9 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.9



65+ years old 44.1 A 2.3 55.9 A 2.3 93.4 A 1.5 0.3 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.2 4.0 A 1.3

Less than high school 49.7 B 3.2 50.3 B 3.2 87.0 B 3.3 2.2 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.7 1.6 A 1.1 0.3 A 0.2 7.8 B 2.9

High school 47.8 A 1.7 52.2 A 1.7 92.0 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.6 0.9 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.2 3.6 A 1.0

College/Cegep/Trade School 49.3 A 1.5 50.7 A 1.5 90.4 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.4 2.6 A 0.7 1.4 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.3 3.2 A 0.7

Bachelor's degree 47.7 A 1.6 52.3 A 1.6 90.1 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.4 1.9 A 0.6 3.4 A 0.8

Master's degree or above 39.5 A 2.1 60.5 A 2.1 93.8 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.7

In Canada 48.1 A 0.9 51.9 A 0.9 91.5 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.3 1.6 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.5

Outside Canada 44.1 A 1.7 55.9 A 1.7 89.8 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.7

0% 46.1 A 1.1 53.9 A 1.1 91.1 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.7

1% to 49% 54.5 A 2.5 45.5 A 2.5 94.5 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.8 A 1.3

50% 50.8 A 1.7 49.2 A 1.7 90.8 A 1.5 0.9 A 0.3 2.5 A 1.0 2.4 A 0.9 0.7 A 0.3 2.8 A 0.6

51% to 99% 57.4 C 5.2 42.6 C 5.2 80.5 C 5.5 1.5 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.8 4.2 B 3.2 5.1 B 3.0 5.2 B 2.9

100% 37.4 A 2.2 62.6 A 2.2 90.6 A 1.5 3.2 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.2 1.8 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.7

Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 14.6 A 2.3 21.6 B 3.3 12.1 A 2.4 13.2 A 2.3 38.5 B 3.7

Rejected (Debt) Borrowers

100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Co-operatives Co-operatives 64.9 A 1.8 35.1 A 1.8 95.8 A 1.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.6 A 0.3 3.6 A 1.5

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 69.1 A 2.0 30.9 A 2.0 93.6 A 1.7 0.7 A 0.6 2.2 A 1.0 1.0 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.6

Not-for-profit 69.4 A 1.3 30.6 A 1.3 80.7 A 1.9 5.1 A 1.1 2.6 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.7 A 0.9 9.0 A 0.7

Charity 75.4 A 1.5 24.6 A 1.5 75.1 B 2.9 1.7 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.2 A 1.4 18.9 B 2.6

For-profit 53.6 B 3.7 46.4 B 3.7 76.2 C 5.4 2.2 A 0.9 5.3 B 2.8 4.3 B 3.3 2.9 A 1.7 9.2 B 3.9

47.7 A 0.8 52.3 A 0.8 91.1 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.2 2.1 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.5

43.0 A 2.2 57.0 A 2.2 91.1 A 1.5 2.6 A 1.0 1.1 A 0.4 0.3 A 0.2 2.2 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.8

Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.… not applicable

Social Enterprises

Female Ownership

Did not request external financing though external financing may have been requiredRequest for at least one type of debt financing was rejected

Cost of financing is too high

New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business practices, A new way of selling your goods or services

Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)

Other Services (NAICS 81)

Medium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)

Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per year

Place of birth

Highest Level of Education Attained

by the Primary Decision Maker

At least one of the 4 above innovations

Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real

Innovation Activities developed or introduced

Age of Business

Age of Primary Decision Maker

Intellectual Property

Growth

Non-Innovator (none of the above)

Special industry aggregations

Location

Export Status

Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),

Employment Size

Region

Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)

Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises 2017

Table 1: Overall External Financing Request Rate and Reason for Not Seeking External FinancingSurvey question(s):C.1. In 2017, did your business request a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage? C.7. In 2017, did your business request a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit? C.12. In 2017, did your business request a term loan? C.18. In 2017, did your business request a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card? D.1. In 2017, did your business request a new contract to lease any material or equipment? E.1. In 2017, did your business purchase a product or service on credit provided by a supplier and pay that supplier at a later date? F.1. In 2017, did your business seek equity financing? G.1. In 2017, did your business request government grants, subsidies or non-repayable contributions? H.1. Why did your business not request external financing in 2017?

Notes:C.1, C.7, C.12, C.18, D.1, E.1, F.1, G.1 and H.1 are applicable to all respondents.

For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.

CMA Level

Legal Status IncorporatedUnincorporated

Reason for not requesting external financing in 2017

Construction (NAICS 23)

Financing not required

Thought the request would be turned

down

Applying for financing is too difficult or time

consuming

Unaware of financing sources available to

the businessOther

Requested external financing in 2017

Did not request external financing in

2017

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 69.9 A 1.6 23.6 A 1.5 8.7 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.3

1 to 4 employees 69.0 A 2.5 24.0 A 2.3 8.0 A 1.4 2.3 A 0.6

5 to 19 employees 69.3 B 2.6 24.2 A 2.5 9.3 A 1.6 1.5 A 0.5

20 to 99 employees 70.5 B 3.7 23.2 B 3.7 9.2 A 1.9 0.7 A 0.3

100 to 499 employees 86.3 A 2.1 12.6 A 2.0 7.5 A 1.3 5.5 B 3.3

Atlantic 81.3 B 4.3 16.3 B 4.1 7.7 B 3.3 0.5 A 0.3

Quebec 45.7 B 3.6 48.8 B 3.7 9.6 A 1.9 1.2 A 0.6

Ontario 86.4 A 1.8 6.6 A 1.0 7.6 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6

Northern Ontario 83.3 B 4.3 13.3 B 4.0 8.5 B 3.5 1.3 A 0.9

Southern Ontario 86.5 A 1.9 6.3 A 1.1 7.5 A 1.6 2.4 A 0.6

Prairies 69.8 B 3.2 23.1 B 3.0 8.6 A 1.8 2.1 A 0.8

Manitoba 51.9 C 7.3 43.4 C 7.2 4.3 A 2.5 5.1 B 3.1

Saskatchewan 55.5 C 6.5 34.0 C 6.2 15.9 B 4.9 1.3 A 1.1

Alberta 79.2 B 4.1 14.2 B 3.8 7.5 A 2.2 1.6 A 0.8

British Columbia and Territories 76.0 B 4.1 15.6 B 3.5 9.6 B 3.0 2.2 A 1.1

St. John's 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Halifax 87.9 D 8.5 10.2 D 8.4 1.0 A 0.6 1.9 A 1.5

Quebec 58.6 E 11.0 39.8 E 10.9 4.5 B 3.2 0.0 A 0.0

Montreal 61.5 C 5.7 28.4 C 5.5 14.1 B 3.8 1.9 A 1.2

Ottawa-Gatineau 86.1 C 5.2 9.8 B 4.5 6.6 B 2.6 1.5 A 1.0

Toronto 89.8 B 3.2 2.8 A 1.3 7.9 B 2.9 1.6 A 1.0

Kingston 87.6 C 6.4 2.7 B 2.6 0.1 A 0.0 9.5 C 5.9

Hamilton 84.1 D 10.0 2.9 A 2.1 12.4 D 9.9 1.4 A 0.9

St. Catharines-Niagara 69.3 D 9.8 17.2 C 7.2 15.5 D 7.9 2.6 A 2.4

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 93.5 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.5 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0

London 79.4 E 10.1 10.0 B 4.6 13.2 D 9.7 4.9 B 4.8

Windsor 70.3 E 13.2 29.7 E 13.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 86.5 C 6.3 6.5 B 4.4 14.6 E 12.0 6.1 B 4.5

Winnipeg 67.0 D 9.3 25.5 D 8.6 7.1 B 4.4 8.6 C 5.4

Calgary 91.7 C 5.1 0.0 A 0.0 9.2 C 5.6 3.0 B 2.9

Edmonton 73.3 D 8.3 20.9 D 7.8 5.8 B 3.8 1.4 A 1.2

Vancouver 82.1 C 5.7 10.2 B 4.4 8.5 B 4.2 1.6 A 1.6

Victoria 75.6 E 14.8 24.4 E 14.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

52.2 B 4.0 33.4 B 3.8 20.5 B 3.5 2.2 A 1.0

71.5 B 4.4 27.0 B 4.4 3.9 A 2.0 2.1 A 0.9

67.3 B 4.0 26.1 B 3.7 13.9 B 2.9 2.2 A 1.0

80.4 B 3.9 12.4 B 3.0 11.1 B 3.0 3.4 A 2.3

64.0 C 5.1 29.0 B 5.0 7.1 B 2.7 0.9 A 0.4

73.5 B 4.3 21.4 B 4.1 5.3 A 1.8 3.3 A 1.4

77.3 B 4.4 14.9 B 3.9 11.1 B 3.5 1.0 A 1.0

65.0 C 5.3 28.0 B 4.8 6.2 B 3.0 1.5 A 0.9

69.4 B 4.7 26.6 B 4.7 5.6 A 2.0 1.5 A 0.7

76.6 B 4.4 16.2 B 3.8 7.2 B 2.7 1.5 A 1.0

Tourism 79.9 C 6.0 12.9 B 3.6 5.8 C 5.1 1.6 A 1.3

Information and Communication 67.4 D 7.5 16.8 C 7.0 18.6 B 5.0 2.9 A 2.1

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 86.6 C 5.9 8.4 B 4.8 9.0 B 4.3 0.0 A 0.0

Rural 57.7 B 3.2 36.7 B 3.2 9.4 A 1.5 1.7 A 0.5

Urban 73.5 A 1.8 19.7 A 1.6 8.4 A 1.1 1.9 A 0.4

Exporter 79.9 B 3.3 14.2 B 2.9 12.8 A 2.5 1.5 A 0.9

Non-exporter 68.1 A 1.8 25.3 A 1.6 8.0 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 75.8 B 4.5 18.9 B 4.2 9.1 B 2.7 2.9 A 1.4

65.9 C 5.1 26.0 B 4.7 12.7 B 3.3 0.5 A 0.3

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 68.1 A 2.5 26.0 A 2.4 7.7 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.5

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 77.1 B 3.6 18.0 B 3.3 7.4 A 2.0 2.0 A 1.0

67.7 C 5.2 21.3 B 4.3 11.2 B 4.0 3.4 A 1.6

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 69.1 B 4.5 24.3 B 4.4 7.2 A 2.2 1.9 A 0.6

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 73.1 B 2.9 19.8 B 2.6 8.3 A 1.8 1.9 A 0.6

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 69.4 B 3.3 22.4 B 3.1 10.1 A 2.0 1.9 A 0.8

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 67.0 B 2.6 28.5 B 2.5 8.4 A 1.4 1.6 A 0.5

65.8 B 3.6 26.3 B 3.5 12.0 A 2.2 3.4 A 1.0

68.2 B 4.0 23.5 B 3.7 15.6 B 2.9 1.8 A 0.6

67.7 B 4.1 25.5 B 4.0 11.0 A 2.3 1.8 A 0.7

71.8 B 3.7 20.0 B 3.3 10.1 A 2.3 2.4 A 0.9

68.3 B 2.6 24.8 B 2.5 10.3 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6

71.3 A 2.0 22.5 A 1.8 7.6 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.4

Holds IP 79.4 A 2.2 13.9 A 2.0 9.5 A 1.5 2.5 A 0.8

Holds Formal IP 81.6 B 3.0 10.8 A 2.3 10.8 A 2.2 2.9 A 1.4

No IP 65.7 A 2.0 27.9 A 1.9 8.3 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.4

Not familiar with any type of IP 71.0 A 1.7 22.4 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.4

Familiar with at least one type of IP 66.0 B 4.3 28.0 B 4.0 7.0 A 2.5 1.1 A 0.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 75.4 B 4.0 22.3 B 3.9 4.8 A 1.8 0.5 A 0.5

<30 years old 63.2 D 9.7 30.8 D 9.8 5.8 B 2.7 3.6 A 1.9

30 to 39 years old 60.1 B 4.0 30.5 B 3.8 9.1 B 2.6 2.1 A 0.9

40 to 49 years old 72.1 B 2.7 19.9 A 2.3 9.4 A 1.8 2.1 A 0.7

50 to 64 years old 71.9 A 2.4 22.5 A 2.3 8.8 A 1.5 1.8 A 0.5

65+ years old 73.4 C 5.9 24.1 C 6.0 6.4 A 1.9 0.1 A 0.1

Less than high school 51.5 C 6.4 40.7 C 6.6 9.7 B 3.6 1.1 A 0.7

High school 64.9 B 3.6 24.4 B 3.2 12.9 B 2.7 2.4 A 0.8

College/Cegep/Trade School 66.6 B 2.8 28.5 B 2.7 7.9 A 1.6 2.1 A 0.6

Bachelor's degree 79.5 B 2.6 16.0 A 2.5 5.9 A 1.1 1.7 A 0.7

Master's degree or above 76.1 B 4.5 17.3 B 4.1 8.2 A 2.4 0.9 A 0.7

In Canada 67.2 A 1.8 26.4 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.4

Outside Canada 78.2 B 3.4 14.6 B 2.8 8.0 A 2.3 1.3 A 0.5

0% 71.0 A 2.2 23.3 A 2.1 8.6 A 1.2 2.0 A 0.5

1% to 49% 66.1 B 4.9 29.1 B 4.9 7.7 A 1.7 2.2 A 1.1

50% 68.3 B 3.1 22.4 B 2.7 10.5 A 2.2 1.3 A 0.6

51% to 99% 78.9 C 6.9 16.5 C 6.4 2.9 A 1.7 3.5 A 1.9

100% 68.3 C 5.2 23.8 B 4.4 8.6 B 3.8 1.3 A 0.6

Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


44.3 E 10.66 29.7 E 10.08 21.5 D 9.601 4.9 B 2.991

Co-operatives Co-operatives 27.3 B 2.9 64.4 B 3.1 20.2 B 2.5 1.9 A 0.7

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 81.4 B 2.7 13.7 A 2.4 9.6 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0

Not-for-profit 20.4 B 2.7 77.0 B 2.7 6.7 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.1

Charity 41.4 B 3.9 60.3 B 3.9 1.5 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0

For-profit 75.5 C 5.6 17.4 B 4.8 5.9 B 2.8 3.3 A 2.1

69.8 A 1.7 23.4 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4

70.0 B 3.9 25.2 B 3.6 5.2 A 2.0 1.0 A 0.5





Female Ownership

Social Enterprises

Location

Export Status

GrowthMedium Growth Firms (11% to 19% growth per year)


Age of Business

New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business A new way of selling your goods or services

Did not request external financing though external financing may have been required

Employment Size

Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)

Region

CMA Level

Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real




Table 2: Provider of Debt FinancingSurvey question(s):C.25. In 2017, who provided debt financing that was requested? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:C.25 is applicable only to those that made a request for external financing in 2017.

Provider of external financing


Domestic chartered bank

Credit union/ caisses populaires

Online alternative lender/

crowdsourcing/ peer-to-peer lenders

Government institution


Request for at least one type of debt financing was rejected

At least one of the 4 above innovationsNon-Innovator (none of the above)




Place of birth

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25.6 A 0.7 81.9 A 1.2 4.7 A 0.7 86.6 A 1.1 9.5 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.5

1 to 4 employees 19.7 A 0.9 78.9 A 2.2 5.5 A 1.2 84.4 A 1.9 11.8 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.4 2.3 A 1.0



100 to 499 employees 36.7 B 2.9 95.7 A 1.1 2.6 A 0.9 98.2 A 0.6 0.1 A 0.0 1.1 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.4

Atlantic 26.1 A 2.1 81.8 B 3.6 6.6 A 2.3 88.4 B 3.1 8.5 B 2.8 1.1 A 0.6 2.0 A 1.3

Quebec 30.4 A 1.8 88.4 A 2.2 2.6 A 0.9 91.1 A 2.1 6.6 A 1.9 1.4 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.4

Ontario 23.2 A 1.0 78.7 A 2.2 6.0 A 1.5 84.7 A 1.8 11.3 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.6

Northern Ontario 19.6 A 2.2 79.7 C 5.9 4.6 A 2.4 84.3 C 5.7 12.9 C 5.7 2.8 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0

Southern Ontario 23.4 A 1.1 78.6 A 2.3 6.1 A 1.6 84.7 A 1.9 11.2 A 1.8 2.2 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.6

Prairies 25.4 A 1.4 81.2 A 2.3 3.2 A 0.8 84.4 A 2.2 10.5 A 1.7 1.8 A 0.7 3.4 A 1.2

Manitoba 29.3 B 3.3 76.9 C 6.0 3.1 A 2.1 80.0 C 5.8 18.5 C 5.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.5 A 1.4

Saskatchewan 30.3 B 3.0 84.7 B 3.8 6.6 B 2.7 91.3 B 2.9 6.4 B 2.6 2.3 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0

Alberta 23.4 A 1.8 81.3 B 2.9 2.2 A 0.9 83.5 B 2.9 9.5 A 2.0 2.1 A 1.1 4.9 A 1.8

British Columbia and Territories 24.1 A 1.9 78.2 B 4.1 6.8 A 2.5 85.0 B 3.6 9.6 B 2.7 2.3 A 1.2 3.1 B 2.5

St. John's 15.5 D 7.7 83.1 E 14.2 12.6 E 12.8 95.6 B 4.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.4 B 4.7

Halifax 30.1 C 5.7 74.9 E 11.0 9.2 C 6.1 84.2 E 10.4 15.8 E 10.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Quebec 22.1 B 4.7 93.1 B 3.9 3.0 B 2.7 96.1 B 2.7 2.1 A 2.1 0.1 A 0.1 1.7 A 1.7

Montreal 28.4 B 2.6 80.5 B 4.2 4.7 A 2.0 85.1 B 3.9 10.6 B 3.6 2.8 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.9

Ottawa-Gatineau 21.7 B 3.9 84.6 C 5.8 0.0 A 0.0 84.6 C 5.8 13.3 C 5.5 0.2 A 0.2 1.8 A 1.8

Toronto 21.8 A 1.7 71.9 B 4.2 9.2 B 3.2 81.1 B 3.5 12.8 B 3.2 2.8 A 1.2 3.2 A 1.3

Kingston 26.8 B 4.2 87.3 C 5.1 0.4 A 0.4 87.7 C 5.0 7.0 B 3.7 0.0 A 0.0 5.3 B 3.6

Hamilton 29.1 C 5.4 87.5 C 5.3 4.4 B 3.9 91.9 B 3.7 7.3 B 3.6 0.3 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.5

St. Catharines-Niagara 20.5 B 4.9 66.0 E 14.2 1.3 A 1.3 67.3 E 14.4 28.2 E 14.8 0.3 A 0.3 4.2 B 3.3

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 22.7 B 4.3 83.8 C 7.2 8.0 C 5.2 91.8 C 5.5 5.4 C 5.2 2.8 B 2.8 0.0 A 0.0

London 19.1 B 3.8 92.7 B 3.9 0.3 A 0.2 93.0 B 3.9 6.8 B 3.9 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0

Windsor 25.5 C 5.4 91.9 B 5.0 1.5 A 1.4 93.4 B 4.7 5.8 B 4.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.8

Thunder Bay 28.1 C 5.1 81.3 D 9.0 0.0 A 0.0 81.3 D 9.0 12.9 D 8.6 5.7 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0

Winnipeg 26.4 B 4.1 72.5 D 8.1 2.1 A 2.0 74.5 D 8.0 23.1 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 2.3 A 2.3

Calgary 19.7 B 3.1 77.0 C 6.4 2.2 A 1.7 79.2 C 6.2 20.3 C 6.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.6 A 0.5

Edmonton 22.8 B 3.6 81.4 C 6.1 2.6 A 1.3 83.9 C 5.9 7.4 B 3.2 3.5 B 3.4 5.1 B 4.0

Vancouver 25.7 B 3.0 77.6 C 6.1 8.1 B 4.3 85.7 C 5.1 13.8 C 5.0 0.5 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0

Victoria 14.0 B 4.7 82.7 E 14.4 16.6 E 14.4 99.3 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

37.3 A 2.4 92.1 A 2.2 3.8 A 1.3 95.8 A 1.8 2.7 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0

28.6 A 2.1 77.2 B 3.9 6.7 A 2.4 83.8 B 3.5 10.3 B 2.7 2.7 A 1.3 3.2 A 2.2

29.7 A 2.0 82.3 B 2.7 5.1 A 1.3 87.5 A 2.4 8.2 A 2.0 1.6 A 0.9 2.7 A 1.2

30.3 A 2.1 86.0 B 3.3 4.0 A 1.9 90.0 B 2.9 4.8 A 2.1 2.1 A 0.9 3.1 A 2.0

28.9 A 2.2 81.2 B 3.6 2.4 A 1.3 83.6 B 3.5 14.3 B 3.5 1.2 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.5

29.3 A 2.3 76.3 B 4.3 6.7 B 3.3 83.0 B 3.4 14.1 B 3.3 2.6 A 1.1 0.3 A 0.2

16.3 A 1.5 78.2 B 4.8 7.7 B 3.4 85.9 B 3.7 10.2 B 3.4 0.2 A 0.1 3.8 A 1.8

22.0 A 2.0 75.1 B 4.4 5.7 A 2.3 80.7 B 4.0 10.4 B 2.7 7.3 B 3.2 1.6 A 0.9

27.1 A 2.2 79.6 B 3.6 2.8 A 1.3 82.4 B 3.5 10.8 B 2.5 1.7 A 1.0 5.1 A 2.4

21.5 A 1.9 88.5 B 2.6 3.0 A 1.2 91.5 A 2.3 7.5 A 2.3 0.2 A 0.1 0.8 A 0.5

Tourism 27.5 B 3.7 89.3 B 4.2 0.0 A 0.0 89.3 B 4.2 4.9 A 2.3 5.5 B 3.7 0.2 A 0.2

Information and Communication 16.6 A 2.3 81.7 C 5.1 4.5 B 2.6 86.2 B 4.5 8.3 B 3.4 0.0 A 0.0 5.6 B 3.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 16.2 B 3.6 56.4 E 13.3 26.1 E 12.8 82.5 E 11.6 16.7 E 11.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.8

Rural 30.5 A 1.6 84.5 A 2.5 2.9 A 0.8 87.4 A 2.4 7.4 A 1.7 2.1 A 0.8 3.1 A 1.8

Urban 24.4 A 0.8 81.1 A 1.4 5.3 A 0.9 86.4 A 1.2 10.1 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.4

Exporter 31.5 A 2.0 80.1 B 3.3 7.5 A 2.5 87.6 B 2.5 8.3 A 2.3 1.5 A 0.5 2.5 A 1.1

Non-exporter 24.8 A 0.7 82.2 A 1.3 4.3 A 0.7 86.4 A 1.2 9.7 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.6

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 35.6 B 2.9 81.5 B 3.4 4.7 A 1.5 86.2 B 3.1 11.3 B 2.8 1.2 A 1.0 1.3 A 1.1

30.7 A 2.4 83.2 B 3.4 3.7 A 1.7 87.0 B 3.0 9.2 B 2.8 1.2 A 0.6 2.7 A 1.1

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 25.4 A 1.1 84.7 A 1.7 5.4 A 1.3 90.1 A 1.3 6.3 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.6

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 16.6 A 1.5 85.3 B 3.5 1.6 A 0.8 86.9 B 3.4 10.5 B 3.3 1.2 A 0.5 1.4 A 0.7

21.0 A 2.0 78.8 B 4.7 6.2 A 2.4 85.1 B 4.4 7.6 A 1.9 3.0 A 1.9 4.3 B 3.9

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 32.0 A 2.3 76.6 B 3.4 5.2 A 2.0 81.9 B 2.9 13.4 B 2.6 2.7 A 1.0 2.1 A 1.1

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 26.4 A 1.4 76.4 B 2.6 6.0 A 1.6 82.3 A 2.3 13.3 A 2.0 1.4 A 0.5 3.0 A 1.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 24.2 A 1.4 85.4 A 2.2 4.4 A 1.2 89.9 A 1.9 6.4 A 1.6 1.9 A 0.8 1.9 A 0.8

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 23.9 A 1.1 87.5 A 1.7 3.3 A 0.8 90.8 A 1.6 6.0 A 1.3 2.1 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.5

34.5 A 1.9 76.5 B 2.8 7.1 A 1.7 83.6 A 2.4 10.5 A 2.1 2.7 A 1.0 3.2 A 1.0

35.7 A 2.2 76.0 B 3.4 7.6 A 2.2 83.6 B 3.0 9.7 A 2.5 3.3 A 1.4 3.4 A 1.3

37.6 A 2.3 82.0 B 2.9 5.7 A 2.0 87.7 A 2.3 8.2 A 1.9 2.9 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.7

35.2 A 2.2 79.9 B 2.7 6.9 A 1.7 86.8 A 2.3 10.7 A 2.1 0.3 A 0.2 2.1 A 1.0

33.6 A 1.4 79.8 A 2.0 6.9 A 1.3 86.7 A 1.7 8.8 A 1.4 2.3 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.7

21.9 A 0.8 82.8 A 1.7 3.5 A 0.9 86.3 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.3 2.1 A 0.8

Holds IP 29.4 A 1.4 82.3 A 2.3 7.0 A 1.8 89.2 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.4 1.7 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.6

Holds Formal IP 30.5 A 2.1 81.2 B 3.4 8.5 B 2.9 89.7 A 2.3 6.7 A 2.0 1.9 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.8

No IP 24.1 A 0.8 81.2 A 1.6 4.0 A 0.7 85.2 A 1.5 10.8 A 1.3 1.6 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.7

Not familiar with any type of IP 26.3 A 0.8 81.5 A 1.4 5.6 A 0.9 87.0 A 1.2 9.6 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.6

Familiar with at least one type of IP 23.0 A 1.6 81.9 B 2.9 2.4 A 1.0 84.3 B 2.9 10.1 B 2.6 3.6 A 1.1 2.0 A 0.9

Procurement Did business with Federal government 34.9 B 2.6 92.5 A 1.9 2.3 A 1.1 94.8 A 1.6 2.8 A 1.2 2.0 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.5

<30 years old 47.6 C 6.1 88.5 B 4.6 2.5 A 1.5 91.0 B 4.3 6.6 B 4.0 2.3 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2

30 to 39 years old 30.1 A 2.0 79.6 B 3.2 6.7 A 2.4 86.3 A 2.5 8.4 A 2.1 2.4 A 1.0 2.9 A 1.0

40 to 49 years old 28.2 A 1.5 77.4 B 2.7 4.7 A 1.2 82.1 B 2.6 13.8 A 2.2 1.3 A 0.6 2.9 A 1.5

50 to 64 years old 23.2 A 1.0 84.6 A 1.7 3.7 A 0.9 88.3 A 1.5 8.5 A 1.3 1.7 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.6

65+ years old 20.9 A 2.1 84.7 B 3.3 6.5 A 2.3 91.1 A 2.4 4.5 A 1.7 3.5 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.5

Less than high school 27.8 B 2.8 84.3 B 3.4 1.4 A 0.9 85.8 B 3.3 11.4 B 3.1 1.7 A 1.0 1.1 A 0.8

High school 24.9 A 1.5 80.2 B 3.0 6.0 A 1.8 86.2 B 2.7 9.3 A 2.1 1.3 A 0.5 3.2 A 1.8

College/Cegep/Trade School 26.4 A 1.3 82.9 A 2.0 4.2 A 1.1 87.1 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.5 2.0 A 0.7

Bachelor's degree 26.3 A 1.4 81.6 A 2.4 5.8 A 1.6 87.4 A 2.0 8.7 A 1.7 2.5 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.6

Master's degree or above 22.8 A 1.9 81.9 B 3.4 3.3 A 1.2 85.1 B 3.3 10.2 B 2.9 2.7 A 1.3 2.0 A 0.9

In Canada 25.7 A 0.8 84.6 A 1.3 3.2 A 0.5 87.8 A 1.2 8.5 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.4 1.9 A 0.6

Outside Canada 25.1 A 1.5 73.5 B 3.1 9.4 A 2.3 82.9 A 2.5 12.6 A 2.2 2.2 A 0.8 2.4 A 0.9

0% 24.7 A 1.0 80.5 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.1 85.4 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.8

1% to 49% 30.7 A 2.3 84.1 B 3.5 4.5 A 1.6 88.6 B 3.3 9.6 B 3.2 0.7 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.6

50% 26.5 A 1.4 80.9 A 2.4 5.5 A 1.4 86.4 A 2.1 9.3 A 1.8 1.7 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.0

51% to 99% 35.5 C 5.4 90.1 B 4.8 1.8 A 1.8 91.9 B 4.4 7.7 B 4.4 0.1 A 0.1 0.3 A 0.3

100% 21.6 A 2.0 85.4 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.7 88.6 B 2.7 6.9 A 1.9 0.6 A 0.6 3.8 A 1.8

Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


100.0 A 0.0 12.3 B 4.2 1.0 A 0.5 13.3 B 4.2 86.0 B 4.2 0.7 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0

Co-operatives Co-operatives 38.1 A 1.8 92.7 A 1.6 1.1 A 0.5 93.8 A 1.6 2.6 A 0.9 3.1 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.3

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 37.6 A 2.1 87.7 A 2.3 2.3 A 0.9 90.0 A 2.1 4.9 A 1.4 3.4 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.9

Not-for-profit 26.6 A 1.3 95.4 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 95.4 A 1.0 4.6 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Charity 28.7 A 1.7 95.4 A 0.7 0.0 A 0.0 95.4 A 0.7 3.2 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0

For-profit 30.9 B 3.3 80.1 B 4.4 7.6 B 3.2 87.7 B 3.2 9.9 B 3.0 0.8 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.9

26.2 A 0.8 80.9 A 1.4 4.9 A 0.8 85.8 A 1.2 10.1 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.6

21.6 A 1.7 89.4 A 2.0 3.5 A 1.3 92.9 A 1.6 4.9 A 1.3 1.1 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.6



Table 3: Debt Financing

Notes:C.1, C.7, C.12 and C.18 are applicable to all respondents.C.3 is applicable only to those that requeseted a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage in 2017.C.9 is applicable only to those that requested a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit in 2017.C.14 is applicable only to those that requested a term loan in 2017.C.20 is applicable only to those that requested a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card in 2017.


Approved Request is still under review

Request was withdrawnPartial amount was

authorizedOverall approval rate

(full or partial)

Requested debt financing in 2017

Outcome of largest debt financing request

Full amount was authorized

Survey question(s):C.1. In 2017, did your business request a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage? C.7. In 2017, did your business request a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit? C.12. In 2017, did your business request a term loan? C.18. In 2017, did your business request a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card? C.3. What was the outcome of this mortgage request? C.9. What was the outcome of this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit request? C.14. What was the outcome of this term loan request? C.20. What was the outcome of this request for a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?

Employment Size

Region

Request was rejected

CMA Level



Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)


Location

Export Status


Age of Business






Place of birth

Female Ownership



New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovations



Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 4.0 A 0.3 11.7 A 0.5 6.6 A 0.4 10.3 A 0.5 25.6 A 0.7 86.2 B 3.1 77.9 A 2.1 91.1 A 1.6 91.3 A 1.2 89.2 A 1.0

1 to 4 employees 2.9 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.7 4.0 A 0.4 8.5 A 0.7 19.7 A 0.9 83.2 C 5.3 72.9 B 3.8 92.2 B 2.5 90.7 A 1.8 87.1 A 1.8

5 to 19 employees 4.6 A 0.6 14.1 A 1.0 9.2 A 0.8 12.2 A 0.9 31.6 A 1.3 87.4 C 5.3 77.9 B 3.2 88.5 B 2.8 89.7 A 2.4 88.7 A 1.5

20 to 99 employees 7.3 A 1.3 16.8 A 1.6 10.3 A 1.2 12.7 A 1.1 35.4 A 2.0 88.7 C 5.4 89.6 B 2.8 94.4 A 1.9 96.5 A 1.3 94.5 A 1.3

100 to 499 employees 5.5 A 0.9 12.6 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.6 15.2 A 2.0 36.7 B 2.9 93.7 B 3.1 97.7 A 0.8 98.4 A 0.7 99.7 A 0.3 98.8 A 0.4

Atlantic 1.8 A 0.4 11.9 A 1.6 8.5 A 1.4 10.0 A 1.5 26.1 A 2.1 90.3 C 6.5 82.2 C 5.2 97.5 A 1.4 90.1 C 5.7 88.8 B 3.1

Quebec 6.0 A 0.8 14.5 A 1.4 8.2 A 1.0 11.1 A 1.2 30.4 A 1.8 87.7 C 5.9 85.2 B 4.0 96.9 A 1.4 96.7 A 1.2 94.1 A 1.7

Ontario 3.2 A 0.4 10.6 A 0.8 5.2 A 0.5 10.0 A 0.7 23.2 A 1.0 79.5 C 6.8 72.6 B 3.8 87.1 B 2.9 89.9 A 2.0 86.7 A 1.8

Northern Ontario 2.4 A 0.8 10.2 A 1.8 7.8 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.7 19.6 A 2.2 66.1 F 16.8 76.5 D 9.8 78.1 E 12.0 87.9 C 6.6 91.6 B 3.6

Southern Ontario 3.2 A 0.5 10.7 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.5 10.1 A 0.7 23.4 A 1.1 80.2 C 7.1 72.3 B 4.0 88.1 B 2.9 90.0 A 2.0 86.4 A 1.9

Prairies 3.2 A 0.6 11.0 A 1.0 7.7 A 0.8 9.5 A 0.9 25.4 A 1.4 89.2 C 5.2 77.6 B 3.8 89.6 B 3.6 89.4 B 2.7 87.5 A 1.9

Manitoba 5.5 A 1.7 9.1 A 1.9 9.8 A 2.2 12.2 A 2.5 29.3 B 3.3 100.0 A 0.0 63.3 E 10.7 85.2 E 11.4 85.3 C 7.2 84.0 C 5.3

Saskatchewan 4.3 A 1.7 13.0 A 2.1 12.2 A 2.1 10.7 A 2.1 30.3 B 3.0 88.9 E 10.6 87.8 B 4.9 93.5 B 3.7 95.6 B 3.1 92.3 B 2.8

Alberta 2.4 A 0.8 10.9 A 1.4 6.2 A 1.0 8.6 A 1.2 23.4 A 1.8 83.7 D 9.2 77.4 B 4.9 89.3 B 4.6 88.9 B 3.5 87.1 A 2.5

British Columbia and Territories 4.6 A 0.9 11.2 A 1.5 5.1 A 0.9 10.9 A 1.4 24.1 A 1.9 90.1 B 4.9 74.6 C 6.9 85.9 C 7.0 88.9 B 4.5 88.2 B 3.4

St. John's 0.5 A 0.3 13.7 D 7.7 8.4 D 7.5 4.8 B 2.5 15.5 D 7.7 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 85.9 E 13.8 95.6 B 4.7

Halifax 2.7 A 1.6 14.2 B 4.4 4.8 A 1.7 14.1 B 4.9 30.1 C 5.7 100.0 A 0.0 94.9 C 5.3 100.0 A 0.0 71.3 F 19.4 84.2 E 10.4

Quebec 6.4 A 2.3 7.9 B 2.6 7.9 B 3.1 8.2 B 3.0 22.1 B 4.7 93.6 C 6.0 94.2 C 5.8 100.0 A 0.0 94.4 C 5.7 96.1 B 2.7

Montreal 3.7 A 1.3 17.5 A 2.3 5.0 A 1.1 11.9 A 1.7 28.4 B 2.6 79.6 E 12.0 82.2 C 5.7 93.8 B 4.1 95.2 A 2.2 90.7 B 2.9

Ottawa-Gatineau 1.0 A 0.5 11.8 B 3.4 3.3 A 0.9 9.2 A 2.4 21.7 B 3.9 90.5 D 9.5 79.2 E 10.1 74.1 E 12.1 95.0 B 2.8 86.6 C 5.7

Toronto 2.3 A 0.8 11.4 A 1.4 3.6 A 0.7 9.7 A 1.1 21.8 A 1.7 74.2 F 16.9 67.8 C 6.6 91.4 B 3.7 85.4 B 3.9 82.4 B 3.5

Kingston 1.7 A 0.8 8.4 B 2.6 4.8 A 1.9 14.2 B 3.4 26.8 B 4.2 96.0 B 3.3 74.5 E 12.6 87.5 E 11.8 92.4 C 5.4 90.0 B 4.6

Hamilton 2.4 A 1.5 9.7 B 3.4 6.0 B 3.0 15.3 B 3.9 29.1 C 5.4 96.1 B 4.4 89.7 C 6.1 88.6 D 9.5 90.5 C 5.8 92.5 B 3.6

St. Catharines-Niagara 7.2 B 4.2 12.0 B 4.3 5.1 A 1.9 6.4 A 1.9 20.5 B 4.9 44.7 F 29.2 44.9 F 17.4 86.2 E 11.6 93.8 C 6.0 77.7 F 15.2

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 3.0 A 1.6 9.9 B 3.3 6.2 A 2.1 10.5 B 2.7 22.7 B 4.3 100.0 A 0.0 87.5 E 11.6 100.0 A 0.0 91.4 C 6.3 91.8 C 5.5

London 3.5 A 1.5 3.3 A 1.0 8.8 B 2.9 7.4 A 2.0 19.1 B 3.8 86.5 E 12.7 80.7 F 15.0 96.8 B 2.8 100.0 A 0.0 95.5 B 3.3

Windsor 3.1 A 1.6 12.7 B 4.3 3.5 B 2.7 9.6 B 3.6 25.5 C 5.4 89.2 E 10.9 90.8 D 8.9 100.0 A 0.0 97.8 A 2.2 93.4 B 4.7

Thunder Bay 5.8 A 2.2 19.7 B 4.8 8.7 B 3.5 5.3 A 2.2 28.1 C 5.1 79.1 F 16.3 73.9 E 12.4 87.4 E 11.9 100.0 A 0.0 85.6 D 8.5

Winnipeg 4.0 A 1.9 6.6 A 1.7 5.5 A 2.1 13.5 B 3.3 26.4 B 4.1 100.0 A 0.0 46.6 E 12.5 60.8 F 22.3 84.9 D 8.6 76.1 D 8.0

Calgary 0.7 A 0.4 12.5 B 2.8 2.2 A 1.0 10.0 A 2.0 19.7 B 3.1 100.0 A 0.0 70.6 D 9.5 86.3 E 12.2 83.8 C 7.0 85.5 B 4.7

Edmonton 0.5 A 0.4 10.4 B 2.9 5.1 A 1.7 10.5 A 2.4 22.8 B 3.6 85.3 F 16.5 73.6 E 11.7 94.6 C 5.4 93.5 B 4.7 85.0 C 5.9

Vancouver 3.8 A 1.4 13.1 A 2.4 5.0 A 1.5 14.0 A 2.4 25.7 B 3.0 91.6 D 8.2 80.9 D 8.1 75.5 E 14.1 87.1 C 7.0 90.0 B 4.2

Victoria 1.2 A 0.9 6.5 B 3.6 2.5 A 1.9 7.0 B 3.0 14.0 B 4.7 100.0 A 0.0 98.5 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 99.3 A 0.8

12.7 A 1.8 15.4 A 1.9 17.6 A 1.9 5.4 A 1.1 37.3 A 2.4 97.0 A 1.5 90.7 B 4.8 95.6 B 3.4 99.8 A 0.2 96.3 A 1.8

2.2 A 0.6 12.0 A 1.6 6.5 A 1.2 13.0 A 1.5 28.6 A 2.1 75.0 F 15.9 68.0 C 7.0 99.0 A 0.8 90.1 B 3.7 86.5 B 3.4

4.1 A 0.8 14.9 A 1.5 8.0 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.6 29.7 A 2.0 92.3 B 4.5 83.3 B 3.8 86.4 B 4.9 97.0 A 1.4 89.8 A 2.3

3.7 A 0.9 11.8 A 1.5 7.4 A 1.2 13.3 A 1.6 30.3 A 2.1 81.2 E 12.1 83.2 C 6.3 91.6 B 4.4 96.8 A 1.7 91.2 B 2.8

3.7 A 0.8 15.0 A 1.9 7.2 A 1.3 11.2 A 1.5 28.9 A 2.2 94.6 B 3.1 77.3 C 5.7 85.3 C 7.1 89.8 B 4.0 89.6 A 2.4

4.2 A 1.0 9.4 A 1.5 10.1 A 1.4 12.8 A 1.7 29.3 A 2.3 85.5 C 6.8 66.1 D 7.6 90.8 B 3.6 85.1 B 4.9 84.5 B 3.4

1.6 A 0.6 8.6 A 1.1 2.6 A 0.5 8.3 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.5 86.7 E 10.6 79.5 C 6.1 96.6 B 3.2 90.2 B 3.5 88.3 B 3.5

3.3 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.2 6.8 A 1.2 8.6 A 1.2 22.0 A 2.0 67.9 E 13.8 70.7 D 7.8 87.2 C 5.2 86.1 B 4.3 84.0 B 3.5

5.1 A 1.1 11.1 A 1.6 6.3 A 1.2 13.1 A 1.7 27.1 A 2.2 90.6 C 5.3 71.5 C 6.6 76.9 D 8.2 92.1 B 2.8 85.2 B 3.2

4.3 A 1.0 12.3 A 1.6 4.1 A 0.8 7.9 A 1.2 21.5 A 1.9 80.2 D 9.4 83.7 B 4.9 91.1 B 4.6 92.9 B 3.2 93.1 A 2.2

Tourism 5.1 A 1.5 12.5 B 3.2 4.0 A 1.2 12.4 B 2.6 27.5 B 3.7 79.1 E 12.1 84.7 D 7.8 86.7 D 8.5 96.6 B 2.8 90.8 B 4.1

Information and Communication 1.6 A 1.2 7.4 A 1.6 3.6 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.4 16.6 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 77.6 D 8.6 92.1 C 7.5 87.3 C 5.5 91.1 B 3.7

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 3.9 A 2.4 7.5 B 2.6 3.7 A 1.3 6.3 A 1.8 16.2 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 62.3 F 19.8 96.3 B 3.7 100.0 A 0.0 84.0 E 11.6

Rural 6.4 A 0.7 11.9 A 1.1 12.0 A 1.2 8.1 A 0.8 30.5 A 1.6 90.5 B 3.9 77.7 C 5.2 94.0 A 2.1 91.2 B 2.5 89.5 A 2.3

Urban 3.4 A 0.4 11.7 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.4 10.8 A 0.6 24.4 A 0.8 84.2 B 4.1 78.0 A 2.3 89.5 A 2.1 91.3 A 1.4 89.1 A 1.1

Exporter 3.8 A 0.8 16.6 A 1.7 6.3 A 0.8 15.0 A 1.5 31.5 A 2.0 91.7 B 3.5 80.0 B 4.5 91.4 B 2.7 92.3 B 2.9 91.7 A 1.7

Non-exporter 4.0 A 0.3 11.1 A 0.6 6.6 A 0.4 9.7 A 0.5 24.8 A 0.7 85.5 B 3.4 77.5 A 2.4 91.1 A 1.7 91.1 A 1.4 88.7 A 1.1

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 3.4 A 0.8 20.9 A 2.4 6.6 A 1.2 16.9 A 2.4 35.6 B 2.9 87.7 C 7.5 83.2 B 4.3 85.0 D 7.8 94.8 A 2.2 92.1 A 2.3

4.4 A 0.8 15.2 A 2.0 7.9 A 1.5 10.6 A 1.3 30.7 A 2.4 96.7 A 2.2 79.7 C 5.6 99.0 A 0.8 88.1 B 3.9 87.5 B 3.0

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 5.0 A 0.6 10.1 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.6 9.1 A 0.7 25.4 A 1.1 88.9 B 3.2 81.6 B 3.0 92.1 A 1.8 94.8 A 1.7 92.2 A 1.1

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 2.9 A 0.6 7.9 A 1.1 3.3 A 0.6 6.0 A 0.9 16.6 A 1.5 70.3 E 12.1 76.7 C 6.4 91.9 B 4.9 95.1 A 1.8 88.5 B 3.3

2.9 A 0.7 10.9 A 1.7 6.2 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.1 21.0 A 2.0 97.2 A 2.0 65.6 D 8.5 96.6 A 2.0 89.5 B 4.0 85.6 B 4.4

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 1.7 A 0.5 14.5 A 1.9 7.4 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.9 32.0 A 2.3 81.6 D 8.0 81.6 B 4.2 78.0 D 8.4 85.8 B 2.8 86.5 A 2.3

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 3.2 A 0.6 12.5 A 1.1 5.7 A 0.6 11.6 A 1.0 26.4 A 1.4 81.4 C 7.2 71.7 B 4.3 88.7 B 3.2 89.1 B 2.6 85.1 A 2.2

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 3.8 A 0.6 11.5 A 1.1 7.1 A 0.9 7.8 A 0.8 24.2 A 1.4 85.5 C 5.9 80.9 B 4.1 94.0 A 2.1 96.5 A 1.4 92.3 A 1.7

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 5.5 A 0.7 10.3 A 0.8 6.8 A 0.6 8.3 A 0.6 23.9 A 1.1 90.0 B 4.3 81.5 B 3.3 95.1 A 1.5 94.2 A 2.1 92.3 A 1.5

4.8 A 0.8 19.1 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.1 13.8 A 1.4 34.5 A 1.9 89.0 B 4.2 76.7 B 4.1 88.3 B 4.3 89.6 B 3.5 86.5 A 2.2

4.6 A 0.9 18.7 A 1.8 10.9 A 1.4 13.5 A 1.5 35.7 A 2.2 88.2 C 5.3 75.3 B 4.9 91.2 B 3.5 86.2 C 5.1 84.8 B 2.9

4.8 A 1.0 19.1 A 2.0 9.8 A 1.4 15.8 A 1.7 37.6 A 2.3 86.8 C 6.7 81.8 B 3.9 90.7 B 3.8 93.5 A 2.2 90.0 A 2.1

2.9 A 0.6 17.2 A 1.7 9.2 A 1.3 16.6 A 1.6 35.2 A 2.2 81.2 D 9.7 79.9 B 4.0 91.8 B 3.6 91.3 A 2.5 89.2 A 2.1

4.6 A 0.6 17.1 A 1.2 9.1 A 0.8 13.7 A 1.0 33.6 A 1.4 87.8 B 3.8 78.8 B 3.1 90.4 B 2.9 91.6 A 2.3 89.1 A 1.5

3.5 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.6 5.1 A 0.4 9.1 A 0.6 21.9 A 0.8 85.2 B 4.5 75.9 B 3.1 91.0 A 2.0 91.1 A 1.5 88.9 A 1.4

Holds IP 4.1 A 0.6 15.3 A 1.2 6.3 A 0.6 12.2 A 1.0 29.4 A 1.4 95.9 A 1.8 80.2 B 3.4 87.4 B 3.6 93.5 A 1.9 91.4 A 1.5

Holds Formal IP 5.0 A 1.1 14.4 A 1.5 6.9 A 1.1 12.6 A 1.4 30.5 A 2.1 99.2 A 0.4 82.7 B 3.8 86.6 C 6.4 96.9 A 1.4 91.6 A 2.1

No IP 3.8 A 0.4 10.3 A 0.6 6.4 A 0.5 9.9 A 0.6 24.1 A 0.8 82.2 B 4.3 75.5 B 2.9 92.0 A 1.8 90.3 A 1.6 87.9 A 1.3

Not familiar with any type of IP 3.7 A 0.3 12.6 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.4 11.1 A 0.6 26.3 A 0.8 88.7 B 3.3 79.1 A 2.3 89.9 A 2.0 92.5 A 1.1 90.0 A 1.1

Familiar with at least one type of IP 4.4 A 0.8 8.5 A 1.0 6.9 A 1.0 8.5 A 1.0 23.0 A 1.6 78.7 D 7.9 67.6 C 6.3 93.4 A 2.4 86.2 B 4.7 85.1 B 2.8

Procurement Did business with Federal government 7.5 A 1.5 14.4 A 1.8 10.0 A 1.6 15.0 A 2.0 34.9 B 2.6 79.2 D 9.1 89.6 B 3.4 94.8 B 2.9 100.0 A 0.0 96.2 A 1.4

<30 years old 3.9 A 2.5 27.1 C 6.0 8.1 A 2.2 20.8 B 4.2 47.6 C 6.1 92.8 C 6.9 85.0 D 7.6 97.6 A 2.4 93.6 C 5.5 92.7 B 4.1

30 to 39 years old 3.1 A 0.6 13.9 A 1.5 7.8 A 1.1 13.6 A 1.4 30.1 A 2.0 94.3 B 3.1 74.7 C 5.4 87.7 B 4.1 88.0 B 2.6 89.5 A 2.0

40 to 49 years old 4.1 A 0.6 14.3 A 1.2 6.6 A 0.7 11.6 A 1.0 28.2 A 1.5 82.7 C 7.4 73.3 B 4.4 93.2 A 2.1 88.7 B 3.1 83.9 B 2.6

50 to 64 years old 4.3 A 0.5 9.9 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.6 9.0 A 0.7 23.2 A 1.0 83.8 B 4.5 81.3 B 3.0 90.4 B 2.7 94.0 A 1.5 91.4 A 1.2

65+ years old 3.3 A 1.0 8.5 A 1.4 5.6 A 1.1 7.1 A 1.4 20.9 A 2.1 96.8 A 2.1 81.7 C 5.5 93.2 B 3.3 93.3 B 4.4 92.7 A 2.2

Less than high school 3.3 A 0.9 8.9 A 1.5 11.8 A 2.2 8.8 A 1.6 27.8 B 2.8 91.7 C 5.9 82.5 C 5.4 90.6 B 4.3 81.3 C 7.3 87.0 B 3.2

High school 3.5 A 0.6 11.4 A 1.2 8.0 A 0.9 9.6 A 1.0 24.9 A 1.5 83.8 D 8.4 71.5 C 5.7 95.8 A 1.5 87.1 B 3.7 87.2 B 2.7

College/Cegep/Trade School 4.2 A 0.6 11.9 A 1.0 6.7 A 0.7 10.4 A 0.9 26.4 A 1.3 89.8 B 3.4 76.7 B 3.9 90.1 B 3.0 93.0 A 1.7 91.1 A 1.5

Bachelor's degree 4.1 A 0.6 12.5 A 1.1 5.3 A 0.6 11.5 A 1.0 26.3 A 1.4 89.2 B 4.7 81.6 B 3.3 87.8 B 4.7 94.8 A 1.4 90.9 A 1.6

Master's degree or above 4.2 A 1.0 11.9 A 1.5 3.9 A 0.7 9.8 A 1.3 22.8 A 1.9 75.4 E 11.1 81.7 B 4.7 87.7 B 4.6 91.0 B 3.4 86.1 B 3.2

In Canada 4.0 A 0.3 12.2 A 0.6 7.2 A 0.4 9.5 A 0.5 25.7 A 0.8 85.4 B 3.8 80.8 A 2.2 92.7 A 1.5 92.0 A 1.5 90.1 A 1.1

Outside Canada 3.7 A 0.7 10.3 A 1.1 4.6 A 0.7 12.7 A 1.2 25.1 A 1.5 88.6 B 4.5 67.5 C 5.6 83.4 C 5.5 89.7 A 2.2 86.2 A 2.1

0% 3.3 A 0.4 11.0 A 0.7 5.9 A 0.5 10.3 A 0.7 24.7 A 1.0 78.0 C 5.9 77.6 B 3.0 91.0 A 2.4 91.1 A 1.5 88.6 A 1.4

1% to 49% 8.3 A 1.6 14.3 A 2.0 8.4 A 1.1 9.7 A 1.4 30.7 A 2.3 97.8 A 1.2 81.6 C 6.5 92.3 B 3.0 88.4 C 7.0 89.2 B 3.3

50% 4.8 A 0.7 11.5 A 1.0 8.3 A 0.9 10.0 A 0.9 26.5 A 1.4 88.1 B 4.4 79.0 B 3.9 92.7 B 2.7 89.4 B 2.9 88.4 A 2.0

51% to 99% 7.0 B 3.6 20.1 C 5.0 6.3 A 2.1 20.6 B 4.7 35.5 C 5.4 98.5 A 1.7 69.4 E 14.8 98.7 A 1.4 100.0 A 0.0 98.4 A 1.1

100% 1.5 A 0.4 11.2 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.1 9.1 A 1.2 21.6 A 2.0 88.2 E 10.9 76.7 C 6.2 84.3 C 6.5 94.1 B 2.6 90.4 A 2.5

Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


20.0 B 4.8 75.3 B 3.9 24.6 B 4.2 37.0 B 4.6 100.0 A 0.0 35.2 E 14.2 7.2 B 3.1 36.3 E 10.1 26.9 C 6.9 28.6 B 4.9

Co-operatives Co-operatives 9.5 A 1.0 15.0 A 1.4 14.3 A 1.3 11.5 A 1.2 38.1 A 1.8 94.6 B 4.4 90.6 B 2.5 97.2 A 1.1 93.2 B 2.7 95.0 A 1.5

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 5.5 A 1.1 19.6 A 1.8 11.5 A 1.5 14.4 A 1.4 37.6 A 2.1 83.8 C 6.4 87.4 B 3.4 90.7 B 3.3 93.8 B 2.5 91.9 A 1.7

Not-for-profit 6.0 A 0.6 8.7 A 0.9 2.2 A 0.3 13.8 A 1.0 26.6 A 1.3 92.0 B 2.7 92.6 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0 96.1 A 1.5 95.4 A 1.0

Charity 9.8 A 1.3 9.7 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.4 13.2 A 1.1 28.7 A 1.7 95.6 A 0.8 90.6 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 96.8 A 0.6

For-profit 2.9 A 0.9 12.6 A 2.2 9.7 A 2.1 15.7 B 2.7 30.9 B 3.3 62.4 F 15.9 76.4 C 6.8 93.6 B 3.5 93.2 B 3.0 88.3 B 3.2

4.0 A 0.3 12.0 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.4 10.7 A 0.5 26.2 A 0.8 84.8 B 3.5 76.3 A 2.3 91.1 A 1.7 90.7 A 1.4 88.6 A 1.1

3.7 A 0.7 9.7 A 1.3 5.7 A 0.8 7.8 A 1.2 21.6 A 1.7 95.7 A 2.2 90.7 B 2.7 91.5 B 3.3 96.7 A 1.6 93.7 A 1.5


Social Enterprises

Age of Business


Female Ownership







Place of birth

Innovation Activities developed

or introduced





CMA Level


Term loan


Location

Export Status

Region


Non-residential mortgage Line of credit

Other Services (NAICS 81)Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real



Type of debt financing

Overall Non-residential mortgage Line of credit Term loan



Table 4: Debt Financing by Instrument TypeSurvey question(s):C.1. In 2017, did your business request a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage? C.7. In 2017, did your business request a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit? C.12. In 2017, did your business request a term loan? C.18. In 2017, did your business request a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card? C.3. What was the outcome of this mortgage request? C.9. What was the outcome of this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit request?C.14. What was the outcome of this term loan request? C.20. What was the outcome of this request for a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?

Notes:C.1, C.7, C.12 and C.18 are applicable to all respondents.C.3 is applicable only to those that requeseted a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage in 2017.C.9 is applicable only to those that requested a business line of credit or increase in the credit limit of the current line of credit in 2017.C.14 is applicable only to those that requested a term loan in 2017.C.20 is applicable only to those that requested a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card in 2017.* Overall pproval rates include both full and partial approvals


OverallCredit card

Type of debt financing

Employment Size

Credit card

Overall approval rate*Request rate

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All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25,235,967,348 C 11.5 23,336,196,152 C 12.2 913,938 B 10.0 845,136 C 11.0 92.5 A 2.2 20,181,978,522 C 10.3 18,825,763,347 C 11.0 251,622 B 9.8 234,713 C 10.5 93.3 A 1.2 13,941,978,400 C 10.0 12,923,761,055 C 10.5 297,213 B 9.3 275,507 B 9.8 92.7 A 2.5 1,531,064,469 B 7.9 1,439,681,810 B 8.1 20,656 B 6.7 19,423 B 6.9 94.0 A 1.1 60,890,988,738 B 6.6 56,525,402,365 B 7.0 335,305 B 6.3 311,265 B 6.7 92.8 A 1.3

1 to 4 employees 6,932,461,280 D 20.6 6,343,116,895 D 22.0 649,752 D 16.4 594,515 D 18.7 91.5 A 4.5 2,619,753,807 C 14.2 2,157,150,405 D 16.4 74,166 C 12.7 61,070 D 15.3 82.3 A 4.7 2,333,424,212 D 21.1 2,177,290,851 D 22.3 145,021 D 18.1 135,317 D 19.4 93.3 A 3.7 498,950,566 C 13.2 447,934,200 C 13.4 14,871 C 10.8 13,351 C 10.9 89.8 A 2.7 12,384,589,866 C 12.7 11,125,492,350 C 13.7 161,657 C 12.1 145,222 C 13.2 89.8 A 3.0

5 to 19 employees 7,837,789,604 D 18.8 7,115,850,386 D 20.3 716,486 D 15.4 650,490 D 17.6 90.8 A 3.6 7,134,382,739 D 22.3 6,500,844,198 D 24.3 231,474 D 20.4 210,919 D 22.5 91.1 A 2.9 5,011,035,690 D 19.9 4,552,346,626 D 21.6 237,148 D 18.5 215,441 D 20.2 90.8 A 3.9 603,730,024 C 12.5 570,652,461 C 13.0 21,114 B 9.6 19,957 C 10.1 94.5 A 1.7 20,586,938,057 C 12.0 18,739,693,671 C 12.9 282,440 C 11.0 257,097 C 12.0 91.0 A 2.0

20 to 99 employees 8,452,354,654 D 24.2 7,931,890,709 E 25.4 1,592,767 D 22.5 1,494,690 D 23.5 93.8 A 4.0 7,097,972,312 D 17.4 6,877,474,039 D 17.9 572,185 D 15.8 554,410 D 16.2 96.9 A 1.1 3,921,693,204 D 18.9 3,595,479,026 D 19.2 495,653 D 16.6 454,423 D 16.8 91.7 B 7.1 320,241,021 D 20.9 314,143,333 D 21.3 32,187 D 18.4 31,574 D 18.8 98.1 A 0.9 19,792,261,191 C 13.8 18,718,987,108 C 14.2 726,878 C 12.5 687,461 C 12.8 94.6 A 2.9

100 to 499 employees 2,013,361,809 D 17.8 1,945,338,162 D 18.2 2,888,475 C 15.0 2,790,884 D 15.4 96.6 A 2.5 3,329,869,664 C 11.9 3,290,294,705 C 12.0 2,008,241 C 10.5 1,984,373 C 10.6 98.8 A 0.5 2,675,825,293 D 15.5 2,598,644,552 D 15.7 1,506,543 C 14.1 1,463,089 C 14.3 97.1 A 2.3 108,142,859 C 13.8 106,951,817 C 13.8 53,353 C 13.6 52,765 C 13.7 98.9 A 1.0 8,127,199,625 B 9.1 7,941,229,236 B 9.3 1,668,855 B 9.7 1,630,667 B 9.8 97.7 A 1.1

Atlantic 981,517,349 E 30.5 978,486,849 E 30.6 1,298,696 D 21.3 1,294,686 D 21.4 99.7 A 0.2 847,382,938 D 17.9 797,070,994 D 18.7 165,618 D 17.9 155,785 D 18.8 94.1 A 2.4 847,816,363 D 20.8 801,846,764 D 20.7 222,009 D 18.5 209,971 D 18.6 94.6 A 2.9 88,012,081 D 20.9 84,480,126 D 21.8 19,423 D 16.7 18,644 D 18.0 96.0 A 2.6 2,764,728,732 D 16.1 2,661,884,734 D 16.5 239,327 D 15.8 230,425 D 16.3 96.3 A 1.3

Quebec 7,118,868,143 D 17.6 6,810,747,532 D 18.2 760,904 D 15.3 727,970 D 16.4 95.7 A 2.8 6,403,667,290 D 23.3 6,154,379,384 D 24.1 281,841 D 22.2 270,869 D 23.0 96.1 A 1.7 4,837,854,226 D 20.5 4,732,484,805 D 20.9 363,944 D 18.6 356,017 D 18.9 97.8 A 1.5 288,103,773 C 12.9 284,408,099 C 13.0 16,099 B 10.0 15,892 C 10.1 98.7 A 0.5 18,648,493,434 C 12.3 17,982,019,820 C 12.7 380,563 C 11.8 366,962 C 12.2 96.4 A 1.3

Ontario 6,890,257,243 C 14.6 6,079,133,011 D 15.6 878,762 C 13.5 775,314 D 16.1 88.2 A 4.8 6,896,379,858 D 15.1 6,282,006,685 D 16.5 267,282 C 14.6 243,470 D 16.2 91.1 A 2.4 3,990,552,988 D 18.5 3,662,130,111 D 19.8 312,264 D 18.3 286,565 D 19.6 91.8 A 4.3 540,050,232 C 12.5 492,500,223 C 12.4 21,402 C 10.2 19,517 C 10.1 91.2 A 2.5 18,317,240,321 B 9.3 16,515,770,030 B 9.9 315,218 B 9.0 284,217 B 9.8 90.2 A 2.4

Northern Ontario 270,159,557 F 47.2 185,735,391 F 49.6 772,197 F 35.5 530,887 F 43.6 68.8 D 19.4 312,510,506 D 24.9 200,732,410 D 17.9 200,679 D 17.4 128,901 D 20.5 64.2 D 23.0 377,676,224 E 31.4 334,493,072 E 34.5 310,123 E 27.4 274,663 E 33.3 88.6 B 8.0 23,127,073 D 22.1 20,415,220 D 22.2 16,669 C 12.5 14,714 C 14.2 88.3 C 10.6 983,473,361 D 22.0 741,376,093 D 21.3 327,875 D 18.7 247,163 D 20.5 75.4 C 13.2

Southern Ontario 6,620,097,686 D 15.1 5,893,397,620 D 16.0 883,739 C 14.0 786,729 D 16.6 89.0 A 4.8 6,583,869,352 D 15.8 6,081,274,275 D 17.0 271,560 D 15.3 250,829 D 16.7 92.4 A 2.1 3,612,876,764 D 20.2 3,327,637,039 D 21.5 312,490 D 20.0 287,818 D 21.3 92.1 A 4.6 516,923,159 C 13.0 472,085,003 C 12.9 21,677 C 10.6 19,797 C 10.5 91.3 A 2.6 17,333,766,960 B 9.7 15,774,393,936 C 10.3 314,529 B 9.4 286,234 C 10.2 91.0 A 2.4

Prairies 5,658,005,601 F 36.1 5,437,372,343 F 37.4 1,305,862 E 30.3 1,254,940 E 31.5 96.1 A 3.0 3,596,800,738 D 19.9 3,391,018,622 D 21.1 245,530 D 18.5 231,482 D 19.6 94.3 A 1.8 2,297,359,367 D 18.1 2,090,957,910 D 19.4 207,811 D 16.3 189,140 D 17.6 91.0 A 4.2 294,449,965 D 16.4 269,934,634 D 17.6 21,624 C 13.5 19,824 C 14.8 91.7 A 2.9 11,846,615,672 D 19.3 11,189,283,509 D 20.2 331,768 D 18.6 313,359 D 19.5 94.5 A 1.8

Manitoba 1,508,648,206 F 62.1 1,371,240,167 F 67.3 1,209,462 F 46.8 1,099,304 F 51.7 90.9 C 10.9 449,059,719 F 43.0 416,398,576 F 46.2 232,274 F 43.1 215,381 F 46.8 92.7 A 4.7 282,670,885 D 24.5 248,227,089 D 24.9 127,973 D 23.3 112,379 E 26.4 87.8 B 7.9 47,774,611 D 23.7 37,477,537 D 21.7 17,417 D 18.6 13,663 D 18.3 78.4 C 10.3 2,288,153,420 F 43.2 2,073,343,369 F 45.8 352,448 F 40.7 319,361 F 43.3 90.6 B 6.8

Saskatchewan 338,115,844 E 34.9 274,588,347 F 36.8 334,899 D 23.2 271,976 E 26.1 81.2 D 17.7 499,554,642 E 28.1 450,903,814 E 29.8 173,054 D 22.9 156,200 D 24.9 90.3 B 5.6 663,779,181 E 33.7 642,624,480 E 34.7 232,717 D 23.4 225,300 D 24.5 96.8 A 2.1 69,064,674 E 34.7 64,610,877 F 36.8 27,593 E 31.2 25,813 E 33.3 93.6 A 4.9 1,570,514,341 D 20.6 1,432,727,518 D 21.8 224,777 D 17.0 205,056 D 18.4 91.2 A 4.5

Alberta 3,811,241,552 F 47.6 3,791,543,829 F 47.8 1,836,038 F 40.8 1,826,548 F 41.0 99.5 A 0.6 2,648,186,378 E 25.5 2,523,716,233 E 26.7 269,422 D 23.7 256,759 D 24.9 95.3 A 2.0 1,350,909,301 E 25.6 1,200,106,341 E 27.9 225,380 D 24.2 200,221 E 26.3 88.8 B 6.9 177,610,681 D 22.7 167,846,221 D 24.0 21,219 D 18.1 20,052 D 19.4 94.5 A 2.8 7,987,947,911 E 25.5 7,683,212,623 E 26.5 359,358 D 24.7 345,649 E 25.6 96.2 A 1.5

British Columbia and Territories 4,587,319,012 E 27.6 4,030,456,417 E 30.2 861,123 D 22.1 756,590 E 25.2 87.9 B 7.5 2,437,747,697 E 28.0 2,201,287,662 E 30.8 204,526 E 25.8 184,687 E 29.1 90.3 A 4.4 1,968,395,455 D 23.5 1,636,341,465 D 22.9 330,111 D 21.5 274,424 D 21.0 83.1 C 14.3 320,448,416 D 24.3 308,358,728 E 25.2 24,950 D 21.0 24,009 D 22.0 96.2 A 1.8 9,313,910,579 D 17.4 8,176,444,272 D 18.3 342,083 D 16.1 300,306 D 17.0 87.8 B 6.4

St. John's 23,283,152 F 54.9 23,283,152 F 54.9 1,221,486 A 0.0 1,221,486 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 68,825,582 F 39.3 65,158,026 F 40.3 132,869 F 55.5 125,789 F 56.5 94.7 B 5.4 44,197,064 F 96.3 44,197,064 F 96.3 140,032 A 0.0 140,032 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 4,781,812 F 77.8 4,781,812 F 77.8 30,772 F 35.7 30,772 F 35.7 100.0 A 0.0 141,087,610 F 45.4 137,420,054 F 46.3 252,842 E 31.5 246,270 E 31.9 97.4 A 2.7

Halifax 349,755,015 F 62.3 349,755,015 F 62.3 1,756,103 D 17.1 1,756,103 D 17.1 100.0 A 0.0 83,522,480 F 49.3 79,282,845 F 51.6 79,038 F 42.7 75,026 F 45.3 94.9 A 4.4 123,067,246 F 38.9 117,863,365 F 40.1 341,958 D 24.9 327,498 E 28.6 95.8 A 4.3 21,033,294 F 39.2 18,960,213 F 42.4 20,033 D 24.6 18,058 E 33.1 90.1 B 9.7 577,378,034 F 43.6 565,861,438 F 44.4 257,286 F 42.4 252,154 F 43.4 98.0 A 1.4

Quebec 814,811,950 F 58.7 814,811,950 F 58.7 991,000 E 33.6 991,000 E 33.6 100.0 A 0.0 505,492,215 F 52.7 496,366,485 F 53.6 465,665 F 48.0 457,259 F 49.0 98.2 A 1.7 225,362,665 F 36.4 225,362,665 F 36.4 207,650 E 29.7 207,650 E 29.7 100.0 A 0.0 26,020,608 F 44.0 25,703,827 F 44.6 23,050 E 25.4 22,769 E 26.0 98.8 A 1.3 1,571,687,437 F 37.6 1,562,244,926 F 37.8 525,507 E 33.0 522,349 E 33.3 99.4 A 0.5

Montreal 1,539,311,245 E 30.7 1,378,608,110 E 32.5 644,569 E 26.7 577,276 E 28.3 89.6 C 10.7 3,444,552,885 E 27.8 3,231,334,336 E 29.1 269,385 E 28.2 252,710 E 29.6 93.8 A 3.1 1,084,284,672 E 26.9 1,052,125,331 E 27.6 290,864 E 26.1 282,237 E 26.8 97.0 A 2.8 154,900,986 D 17.1 153,647,770 D 17.2 17,817 C 11.8 17,673 C 11.9 99.2 A 0.4 6,223,049,788 D 18.6 5,815,715,547 D 19.5 297,998 D 18.0 278,493 D 19.0 93.5 A 3.2

Ottawa-Gatineau 214,208,030 F 58.5 205,091,514 F 61.1 969,871 F 38.0 928,594 F 39.6 95.7 A 3.5 227,685,961 D 19.8 202,876,881 D 21.4 84,086 E 28.9 74,924 E 30.4 89.1 B 5.9 127,302,124 E 25.8 114,269,854 E 28.1 186,535 D 21.3 167,439 D 23.1 89.8 B 6.3 32,649,770 E 34.1 31,674,167 F 35.1 15,454 E 30.6 14,992 E 31.4 97.0 A 1.9 601,845,884 E 25.7 553,912,416 E 27.8 122,538 E 29.1 112,779 E 31.0 92.0 A 3.4

Toronto 2,398,438,869 E 32.1 2,120,830,256 E 34.4 951,022 E 32.6 840,946 F 39.2 88.4 C 11.1 3,914,994,485 D 24.2 3,615,402,547 E 26.1 324,380 D 22.5 299,557 D 24.9 92.3 A 3.1 2,002,297,276 E 33.1 1,854,958,042 F 35.3 510,358 E 32.9 472,803 E 34.8 92.6 B 7.2 273,102,334 D 19.6 246,245,900 D 20.9 25,424 C 14.8 22,924 D 16.3 90.2 A 3.5 8,588,832,963 D 16.9 7,837,436,745 D 18.1 359,051 D 15.8 327,639 D 17.4 91.3 A 3.8

Kingston 20,995,228 F 42.5 20,629,484 F 43.2 387,570 D 21.0 380,818 D 21.3 98.3 A 1.5 26,361,055 F 63.1 19,813,529 F 79.4 106,299 F 56.8 79,897 F 70.8 75.2 E 28.4 17,788,322 F 43.0 17,594,668 F 43.5 115,266 E 29.6 114,011 E 30.2 98.9 A 1.2 9,757,545 F 52.9 8,918,460 F 57.2 22,400 F 42.4 20,474 F 46.5 91.4 B 9.3 74,902,150 E 27.2 66,956,141 E 29.3 91,451 E 25.7 81,749 E 27.3 89.4 B 8.0

Hamilton 217,824,284 F 63.2 217,824,284 F 63.2 702,586 F 65.5 702,586 F 65.5 100.0 A 0.0 167,426,910 E 26.4 133,314,978 E 29.4 130,256 E 34.1 103,717 E 34.9 79.6 C 14.1 114,501,895 F 38.5 89,935,953 F 43.7 139,670 E 25.3 109,704 D 18.7 78.5 D 19.9 71,777,448 F 50.0 59,312,653 F 45.5 34,686 F 39.3 28,662 E 32.6 82.6 C 10.7 571,530,537 E 27.6 500,387,868 E 30.0 145,327 E 27.6 127,237 E 29.7 87.6 B 8.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 151,958,542 F 47.6 109,129,117 F 53.6 292,282 E 33.2 209,903 F 63.2 71.8 E 31.8 166,542,079 F 37.5 156,942,176 F 38.3 291,191 F 38.5 274,406 F 39.1 94.2 A 4.2 110,178,002 F 66.4 110,178,002 F 66.4 342,232 F 53.4 342,232 F 53.4 100.0 A 0.0 11,218,508 F 37.5 9,742,321 F 36.9 24,172 E 31.3 20,992 E 32.1 86.8 C 11.2 439,897,132 E 33.4 385,991,616 F 36.0 297,259 E 29.6 260,833 F 37.0 87.7 C 10.6

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 232,144,359 F 61.6 232,144,359 F 61.6 811,243 F 51.8 811,243 F 51.8 100.0 A 0.0 374,685,029 F 40.0 327,645,004 F 44.0 396,083 F 45.0 346,356 F 50.9 87.4 C 12.5 179,733,668 F 57.2 179,733,668 F 57.2 301,135 F 56.4 301,135 F 56.4 100.0 A 0.0 19,129,543 F 36.7 18,175,526 F 37.1 20,215 E 33.3 19,207 E 34.4 95.0 A 4.5 805,692,598 E 35.0 757,698,557 F 36.8 380,472 F 35.4 357,808 F 37.8 94.0 B 5.6

London 433,467,534 F 70.1 417,047,088 F 72.8 1,346,758 F 57.7 1,295,740 F 60.1 96.2 A 3.7 148,516,483 F 71.6 147,746,954 F 72.0 500,447 F 64.0 497,854 F 64.5 99.5 A 0.6 155,730,655 F 58.3 154,667,264 F 58.7 194,867 F 61.6 193,536 F 62.0 99.3 A 0.8 9,194,661 F 37.1 9,194,661 F 37.1 13,600 E 33.0 13,600 E 33.0 100.0 A 0.0 746,909,333 F 43.1 728,655,966 F 44.1 428,971 F 42.6 418,487 F 43.5 97.6 A 1.8

Windsor 329,707,439 F 53.1 205,106,978 F 72.6 1,887,250 D 16.3 1,174,035 E 26.4 62.2 F 37.6 77,583,003 E 32.7 74,075,658 E 34.2 108,254 E 31.2 103,360 E 32.5 95.5 A 3.6 220,232,761 F 94.6 220,232,761 F 94.6 1,124,578 F 108.7 1,124,578 F 108.7 100.0 A 0.0 6,098,482 F 49.7 6,098,482 F 49.7 11,500 D 22.5 11,500 D 22.5 100.0 A 0.0 633,621,685 F 43.1 505,513,879 F 50.9 443,422 F 42.9 353,770 F 49.8 79.8 D 17.1

Thunder Bay 37,290,796 F 44.6 32,325,210 F 49.3 290,235 D 21.9 251,588 E 31.7 86.7 C 14.5 58,970,365 E 28.1 51,006,836 E 30.6 142,679 D 17.2 123,411 D 22.2 86.5 C 10.3 30,293,644 F 37.2 25,328,057 F 40.1 153,641 D 21.6 128,457 E 25.2 83.6 D 17.3 1,848,258 F 43.5 1,699,291 F 45.5 15,454 F 42.0 14,209 F 46.1 91.9 B 8.2 128,403,063 E 25.2 110,359,394 E 26.0 212,384 D 17.5 182,539 D 19.2 85.9 C 12.2

Winnipeg 1,088,685,531 F 84.3 1,088,685,531 F 84.3 1,779,065 F 49.4 1,779,065 F 49.4 100.0 A 0.0 146,007,439 F 39.4 125,360,277 F 45.3 161,057 F 42.3 138,282 F 49.3 85.9 B 9.0 149,388,414 E 34.7 125,051,555 F 38.6 178,885 F 39.2 149,743 F 51.3 83.7 C 14.8 24,058,689 E 26.0 21,106,126 E 28.4 11,783 D 21.3 10,337 D 24.5 87.7 B 8.4 1,408,140,073 F 65.4 1,360,203,488 F 67.7 360,091 F 61.2 347,833 F 63.6 96.6 A 2.8

Calgary 615,100,113 F 49.3 615,100,113 F 49.3 2,932,605 E 30.2 2,932,605 E 30.2 100.0 A 0.0 936,232,919 F 45.6 828,223,499 F 51.2 255,207 F 44.9 225,764 F 50.4 88.5 B 7.2 316,301,375 F 85.5 310,687,378 F 87.0 482,769 F 86.4 474,200 F 87.9 98.2 A 2.1 63,859,159 E 32.8 60,855,446 E 34.3 22,811 E 27.4 21,738 E 29.0 95.3 A 3.0 1,931,493,566 E 32.2 1,814,866,436 E 33.6 334,998 E 32.4 314,771 E 33.7 94.0 A 2.4

Edmonton 134,741,376 F 93.6 134,741,376 F 93.6 1,191,532 D 23.9 1,191,532 D 23.9 100.0 A 0.0 602,884,300 F 63.0 598,426,063 F 63.4 267,513 F 58.4 265,534 F 58.8 99.3 A 0.6 229,086,574 F 40.3 184,185,099 F 44.1 169,565 E 28.9 136,330 E 30.4 80.4 D 21.0 57,294,538 F 52.8 54,720,144 F 55.3 20,639 F 43.4 19,711 F 45.9 95.5 A 3.5 1,024,006,787 F 40.4 972,072,682 F 42.3 183,606 F 37.3 174,294 F 39.1 94.9 A 4.8

Vancouver 1,744,860,070 F 42.5 1,589,173,082 F 45.9 836,821 F 35.4 762,154 F 41.6 91.1 B 7.3 1,585,284,007 F 36.5 1,436,061,381 F 40.0 229,156 E 34.1 207,586 F 38.3 90.6 B 5.8 778,078,177 E 34.7 727,830,517 F 36.7 292,114 E 34.1 273,249 F 37.8 93.5 B 6.0 226,567,073 E 33.0 218,437,397 E 34.1 29,723 E 28.2 28,657 E 29.5 96.4 A 2.3 4,334,789,327 D 22.9 3,971,502,376 D 24.7 311,434 D 20.8 285,333 D 23.1 91.6 A 3.8

Victoria 102,798,049 F 84.9 102,798,049 F 84.9 819,449 E 29.8 819,449 E 29.8 100.0 A 0.0 43,010,442 F 61.5 37,198,043 F 67.7 63,807 D 23.9 55,185 F 35.3 86.5 C 13.1 103,546,216 F 84.5 103,546,216 F 84.5 410,327 F 79.8 410,327 F 79.8 100.0 A 0.0 10,539,869 F 57.7 10,539,869 F 57.7 14,654 E 29.9 14,654 E 29.9 100.0 A 0.0 259,894,576 F 49.4 254,082,176 F 50.4 180,208 F 46.3 176,178 F 47.7 97.8 A 2.1

7,554,177,258 E 26.0 7,390,920,000 E 26.5 1,334,546 D 20.8 1,305,704 D 21.3 97.8 A 1.5 1,913,952,656 D 22.5 1,824,311,950 D 23.4 278,175 D 21.3 265,147 D 22.6 95.3 A 2.5 2,947,832,405 D 24.9 2,912,449,609 E 25.2 369,349 D 21.5 364,915 D 21.8 98.8 A 0.8 73,597,088 E 33.6 73,597,088 E 33.6 29,907 E 31.7 29,907 E 31.7 100.0 A 0.0 12,489,559,407 D 17.9 12,201,278,647 D 18.2 741,453 D 16.1 724,339 D 16.4 97.7 A 1.0

1,746,436,038 F 45.0 1,567,115,841 F 49.5 660,705 F 40.9 592,865 F 47.6 89.7 B 8.5 2,291,211,647 D 24.6 2,036,792,652 E 27.3 192,006 D 22.2 170,685 E 25.3 88.9 A 4.8 1,496,501,021 E 29.7 1,466,988,203 E 30.3 192,302 D 24.8 188,509 E 25.3 98.0 A 1.2 279,632,499 D 24.1 264,058,693 E 25.4 17,895 D 21.8 16,899 D 23.3 94.4 A 2.4 5,813,781,205 D 18.2 5,334,955,389 D 19.7 176,091 D 17.3 161,588 D 18.9 91.8 A 3.1

2,026,417,444 D 22.3 1,908,401,793 D 23.2 1,233,547 D 18.2 1,161,707 D 19.1 94.2 A 3.9 3,169,277,177 D 17.7 3,074,581,079 D 18.2 533,757 D 17.3 517,809 D 17.8 97.0 A 1.1 1,659,575,886 D 19.9 1,554,783,281 D 20.7 535,962 D 20.2 502,119 D 21.1 93.7 A 4.6 108,084,323 D 15.2 99,845,549 D 15.3 20,311 C 12.2 18,763 C 12.0 92.4 A 2.8 6,963,354,831 C 12.3 6,637,611,701 C 12.8 584,148 C 12.2 556,822 C 12.6 95.3 A 1.7

1,453,151,521 E 26.7 1,154,999,556 E 27.5 1,097,412 D 17.9 872,250 D 23.2 79.5 D 15.1 2,610,012,606 D 16.2 2,476,656,779 D 16.1 649,157 C 14.3 615,989 C 14.6 94.9 A 2.8 1,725,334,099 F 36.9 1,490,294,569 F 41.7 639,210 E 30.9 552,131 F 35.7 86.4 C 10.4 141,643,554 D 18.2 135,920,071 D 18.5 28,584 D 15.4 27,429 D 15.7 96.0 A 2.6 5,930,141,780 D 16.0 5,257,870,976 D 16.8 541,965 D 15.0 480,525 D 15.9 88.7 A 4.8

3,174,361,865 E 29.1 3,043,418,323 E 30.3 1,026,759 D 21.3 984,404 D 22.2 95.9 A 2.9 4,231,820,463 F 36.5 3,961,957,014 F 38.9 340,788 E 34.4 319,056 F 36.9 93.6 A 3.1 1,409,022,395 E 25.4 1,341,982,802 E 26.5 236,437 D 21.7 225,188 D 23.4 95.2 A 3.4 183,891,038 D 21.1 173,610,813 D 22.3 19,641 D 17.7 18,543 D 19.0 94.4 A 3.1 8,999,095,762 D 20.3 8,520,968,952 D 21.4 375,285 D 19.1 355,345 D 20.3 94.7 A 2.0

730,896,994 E 31.8 682,631,978 E 32.4 446,235 D 22.4 416,767 D 24.0 93.4 A 3.6 590,557,433 E 33.1 487,342,354 F 39.6 160,377 E 33.5 132,347 F 40.6 82.5 B 9.1 1,234,194,363 E 25.7 1,189,984,647 E 26.7 293,932 E 25.4 283,403 E 26.3 96.4 A 1.6 106,137,215 D 21.0 94,964,678 D 22.6 20,395 D 18.5 18,248 D 20.3 89.5 B 5.1 2,661,786,006 D 18.8 2,454,923,657 D 19.5 222,540 D 18.4 205,245 D 19.3 92.2 A 1.9

407,303,826 F 42.1 286,148,185 F 38.5 281,366 C 14.6 197,672 E 34.0 70.3 D 23.3 1,786,539,855 E 31.6 1,639,447,561 E 33.9 204,752 E 29.9 187,894 E 32.4 91.8 A 4.1 525,650,790 D 24.6 516,815,395 D 24.9 196,036 D 22.0 192,741 D 22.5 98.3 A 1.7 177,214,880 D 23.2 161,880,704 D 20.7 21,130 D 19.0 19,302 D 15.8 91.3 B 5.4 2,896,709,351 D 21.1 2,604,291,844 D 22.7 175,330 D 20.0 157,631 D 22.0 89.9 A 4.5

1,886,263,027 F 39.1 1,589,017,408 F 43.3 1,260,536 F 37.2 1,061,895 F 41.8 84.2 D 15.7 230,182,496 E 28.3 173,782,866 F 35.3 54,114 E 25.1 40,855 E 33.1 75.5 C 11.9 1,042,271,582 F 36.1 706,758,923 F 36.6 275,115 F 35.9 186,554 F 36.9 67.8 E 28.4 51,377,132 D 15.9 46,702,811 D 17.1 10,170 C 10.6 9,245 C 12.0 90.9 A 3.6 3,210,094,236 E 28.3 2,516,262,008 E 29.2 256,012 E 28.1 200,678 E 29.1 78.4 D 17.9

1,149,868,506 E 31.7 1,127,490,826 E 32.3 472,914 E 25.2 463,710 E 25.7 98.1 A 1.8 301,880,851 D 22.0 251,958,603 E 25.3 58,191 D 20.7 48,568 D 24.0 83.5 B 7.1 400,354,260 F 52.9 380,681,086 F 55.6 144,902 F 53.3 137,781 F 56.0 95.1 A 3.8 128,026,866 D 19.7 112,488,619 D 19.2 19,615 D 16.8 17,235 D 16.3 87.9 B 5.6 1,980,130,483 D 23.0 1,872,619,135 D 24.2 153,716 D 22.0 145,370 D 23.3 94.6 A 2.1

5,107,090,868 E 27.7 4,586,052,243 E 30.1 818,883 D 24.1 735,338 E 27.5 89.8 B 6.4 3,056,543,337 D 24.8 2,898,932,489 E 26.0 178,028 D 22.2 168,848 D 23.6 94.8 A 3.1 1,501,241,599 E 34.3 1,363,022,540 F 37.2 251,927 E 32.3 228,732 F 35.5 90.8 B 6.3 281,459,874 D 22.9 276,612,784 D 23.3 25,074 D 16.8 24,642 D 17.2 98.3 A 0.8 9,946,335,677 D 18.7 9,124,620,056 D 19.9 320,919 D 17.3 294,406 D 18.8 91.7 A 3.7

Tourism 1,802,032,737 F 40.8 1,535,871,354 F 44.6 1,467,225 F 38.5 1,250,515 F 43.3 85.2 D 16.2 336,330,213 F 52.4 304,355,345 F 57.6 105,310 F 45.4 95,298 F 50.2 90.5 B 7.4 786,433,294 F 47.4 518,951,261 F 50.2 720,418 F 46.3 475,389 F 52.7 66.0 F 38.0 66,009,326 F 43.8 64,799,429 F 44.6 19,525 E 27.9 19,167 E 28.8 98.2 A 1.7 2,990,805,571 E 31.0 2,423,977,388 E 31.2 419,795 E 31.3 340,234 E 31.5 81.0 D 18.8

Information and Communication 95,428,659 F 72.5 95,428,659 F 72.5 209,251 A 4.8 209,251 A 4.8 100.0 A 0.0 1,400,677,091 F 76.6 1,361,450,206 F 78.7 740,975 F 60.3 720,224 F 62.6 97.2 A 2.8 175,141,597 E 33.2 172,319,475 E 33.6 177,840 D 21.9 174,975 D 22.3 98.4 A 1.7 34,648,767 D 23.7 29,142,171 E 26.7 13,780 D 16.2 11,590 D 20.4 84.1 B 8.6 1,705,896,113 F 63.3 1,658,340,511 F 65.1 358,615 F 57.2 348,618 F 59.0 97.2 A 2.3

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 529,976,320 F 43.8 410,314,372 F 46.5 593,749 F 43.6 459,688 F 62.9 77.4 D 19.6 248,885,388 F 42.6 231,700,662 F 45.4 145,694 F 48.4 135,634 F 53.4 93.1 B 6.0 246,859,220 F 43.8 245,696,108 F 43.9 302,366 F 40.0 300,941 F 40.1 99.5 A 0.5 35,955,693 F 47.1 35,004,199 F 48.3 24,498 F 39.5 23,850 F 40.8 97.4 A 2.8 1,061,676,622 E 31.4 922,715,342 E 33.1 286,101 E 30.6 248,654 F 35.8 86.9 B 9.9

Rural 7,499,389,759 D 23.7 7,011,622,451 E 25.1 842,510 D 20.8 787,712 D 22.4 93.5 A 2.9 3,302,701,457 D 16.0 3,179,117,576 D 16.6 222,618 C 14.6 214,288 D 15.2 96.3 A 1.2 4,667,651,621 D 18.9 4,486,445,198 D 19.5 280,684 D 16.5 269,788 D 17.1 96.1 A 2.0 187,358,176 D 16.7 173,828,498 D 17.7 16,462 C 14.4 15,273 D 15.5 92.8 A 3.1 15,657,101,013 C 13.6 14,851,013,723 C 14.1 378,837 C 12.8 359,333 C 13.4 94.9 A 1.7

Urban 17,736,577,589 C 13.0 16,324,573,701 C 13.8 947,917 C 11.3 872,454 C 12.5 92.0 A 2.8 16,879,277,065 C 11.9 15,646,645,771 C 12.8 258,205 C 11.4 239,349 C 12.3 92.7 A 1.4 9,274,326,778 C 11.7 8,437,315,857 C 12.3 306,291 C 11.3 278,648 C 11.9 91.0 A 3.6 1,343,706,293 B 8.7 1,265,853,312 B 9.0 21,417 B 7.3 20,176 B 7.6 94.2 A 1.2 45,233,887,725 B 7.6 41,674,388,642 B 8.1 322,479 B 7.3 297,103 B 7.7 92.1 A 1.7

Exporter 3,451,686,845 D 22.0 3,271,338,512 D 22.7 1,143,102 D 23.5 1,083,376 E 25.9 94.8 A 3.3 6,871,819,360 D 17.1 6,635,830,363 D 17.6 512,211 D 17.2 494,621 D 17.8 96.6 A 1.1 3,483,177,753 D 20.4 3,430,126,643 D 20.7 670,959 D 17.8 660,740 D 18.1 98.5 A 0.8 353,012,774 D 15.2 327,759,442 C 14.2 28,170 C 12.0 26,155 C 10.6 92.8 A 3.3 14,159,696,732 C 11.7 13,665,054,960 C 12.0 542,747 C 11.5 523,787 C 11.9 96.5 A 1.0

Non-exporter 21,784,280,503 C 12.9 20,064,857,640 C 13.7 885,800 C 11.0 815,884 C 12.1 92.1 A 2.5 13,310,159,162 C 13.1 12,189,932,985 C 14.2 199,279 C 12.3 182,507 C 13.4 91.6 A 1.8 10,458,800,646 C 11.5 9,493,634,412 C 12.2 250,704 C 10.6 227,569 C 11.3 90.8 A 3.4 1,178,051,695 B 9.3 1,111,922,368 B 9.7 19,127 B 7.8 18,054 B 8.4 94.4 A 1.1 46,731,292,006 B 7.9 42,860,347,405 B 8.4 300,504 B 7.5 275,612 B 8.0 91.7 A 1.7

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 1,628,245,976 E 27.8 1,294,007,695 E 27.9 912,011 D 21.5 724,798 D 22.4 79.5 D 17.7 3,512,654,202 E 27.0 3,357,757,309 E 28.1 335,234 E 26.4 320,451 E 27.5 95.6 A 2.0 1,715,685,341 F 39.3 1,283,888,718 F 47.5 494,752 E 34.5 370,235 F 42.8 74.8 D 20.3 203,119,112 D 21.1 196,201,003 D 21.8 22,968 C 12.5 22,186 C 13.1 96.6 A 1.8 7,059,704,630 D 19.3 6,131,854,725 D 20.3 378,931 D 18.9 329,128 D 19.8 86.9 B 8.2

3,334,412,455 E 28.4 3,226,539,490 E 29.3 970,399 D 23.6 939,005 D 24.4 96.8 A 2.4 2,159,846,385 D 15.1 2,026,108,076 D 15.9 185,236 D 15.8 173,766 D 16.7 93.8 A 2.3 1,845,387,405 D 19.0 1,822,283,601 D 19.1 296,814 D 19.1 293,098 D 19.2 98.7 A 1.0 139,494,783 D 15.4 135,132,346 D 15.8 17,459 C 13.2 16,913 C 13.7 96.9 A 1.8 7,479,141,028 D 15.0 7,210,063,513 D 15.5 317,981 C 14.9 306,541 D 15.4 96.4 A 1.3

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 12,746,520,448 D 17.5 12,033,684,505 D 18.4 897,731 D 15.7 847,527 D 16.7 94.4 A 2.2 10,127,465,001 D 16.7 9,523,219,815 D 17.7 349,732 C 15.0 328,865 D 16.0 94.0 A 1.7 6,474,442,636 D 15.8 6,176,451,677 D 16.3 291,796 C 14.4 278,366 C 14.9 95.4 A 2.3 668,280,589 C 13.6 639,878,323 C 14.1 24,692 C 11.9 23,643 C 12.4 95.7 A 1.3 30,016,708,673 C 10.5 28,373,234,320 C 11.0 400,780 B 9.7 378,837 C 10.3 94.5 A 1.3

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 3,719,716,846 E 32.1 3,330,715,485 F 35.0 977,518 E 29.4 875,291 E 33.8 89.5 B 6.1 1,380,970,837 E 29.1 1,241,479,274 E 32.1 146,036 E 28.9 131,285 E 31.9 89.9 A 4.7 1,364,377,864 D 25.0 1,257,633,514 E 26.4 310,293 D 23.8 286,017 E 25.8 92.2 B 6.0 142,098,991 D 22.7 139,439,328 D 23.2 18,006 D 18.3 17,669 D 18.6 98.1 A 1.0 6,607,164,539 D 20.2 5,969,267,601 D 21.7 304,920 D 19.9 275,481 D 21.7 90.3 A 4.2

2,467,269,622 F 37.1 2,376,895,562 F 37.9 1,008,766 D 21.9 971,816 D 23.1 96.3 A 2.9 1,579,904,160 E 30.2 1,439,614,895 E 32.9 193,241 E 28.8 176,082 E 31.7 91.1 A 4.2 1,071,190,131 E 30.5 1,004,693,438 E 32.2 198,636 E 28.0 186,305 E 29.5 93.8 A 4.7 142,947,675 E 25.8 128,428,269 E 27.3 21,449 D 20.7 19,270 D 22.2 89.8 B 5.4 5,261,311,588 D 22.9 4,949,632,164 D 23.5 311,483 D 20.8 293,031 D 21.4 94.1 A 1.8

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 663,550,152 F 35.5 647,421,238 F 36.3 644,019 E 34.4 628,365 E 35.0 97.6 A 1.7 1,331,725,884 E 32.8 1,223,564,002 F 35.2 141,204 E 31.8 129,736 E 34.5 91.9 A 4.1 1,417,425,183 E 28.5 1,325,340,267 E 30.3 292,476 E 25.9 273,475 E 28.4 93.5 A 3.8 202,301,264 D 21.5 171,102,375 D 20.8 15,483 D 18.4 13,095 D 17.3 84.6 A 5.0 3,615,002,483 D 18.2 3,367,427,881 D 19.2 167,752 D 17.2 156,263 D 18.4 93.2 A 2.4

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 5,383,812,938 D 21.5 4,812,347,112 D 23.3 737,203 D 17.1 658,953 D 20.6 89.4 B 5.7 7,229,390,240 D 23.7 6,586,001,642 E 25.9 251,642 D 22.8 229,247 E 25.0 91.1 A 3.0 3,465,601,732 D 19.9 3,348,779,843 D 20.6 257,678 D 18.6 248,992 D 19.3 96.6 A 1.5 454,648,009 C 12.1 421,104,369 C 12.8 16,417 B 9.4 15,206 C 10.2 92.6 A 2.0 16,533,452,919 C 14.3 15,168,232,965 D 15.3 266,673 C 13.8 244,653 C 14.9 91.7 A 2.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 6,215,439,150 D 24.3 5,670,742,839 E 26.0 897,048 D 20.3 818,434 D 22.3 91.2 B 5.3 4,263,397,050 D 18.8 3,968,611,393 D 20.1 207,963 D 17.2 193,584 D 18.5 93.1 A 2.3 3,570,160,885 D 21.8 3,017,130,627 D 23.9 268,443 D 19.9 226,860 D 21.7 84.5 B 9.1 386,842,038 D 21.3 372,807,869 D 21.9 26,256 D 17.9 25,303 D 18.4 96.4 A 1.9 14,435,839,123 C 13.7 13,029,292,729 C 14.5 321,662 C 12.8 290,321 C 13.6 90.3 A 4.3

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 12,973,165,108 D 17.0 12,205,684,963 D 17.8 1,050,439 D 15.1 988,296 D 16.1 94.1 A 2.4 7,357,465,348 C 10.6 7,047,586,310 C 11.0 341,467 B 9.6 327,085 C 10.0 95.8 A 1.0 5,488,790,600 D 15.8 5,232,510,319 D 16.3 358,420 C 14.5 341,685 C 15.0 95.3 A 2.6 487,273,158 C 11.7 474,667,198 C 12.0 26,158 B 9.2 25,482 B 9.5 97.4 A 1.1 26,306,694,213 B 9.9 24,960,448,790 C 10.2 494,757 B 9.1 469,437 B 9.5 94.9 A 1.3

5,579,570,267 D 20.5 4,815,601,590 D 22.5 904,110 D 18.7 780,317 D 21.5 86.3 B 6.8 6,433,336,081 C 13.4 5,905,400,711 C 14.2 280,802 C 13.7 257,759 C 14.8 91.8 A 2.2 4,334,868,356 D 22.5 3,834,895,111 D 24.2 368,864 D 20.5 326,320 D 22.2 88.5 B 7.2 401,516,538 C 14.9 385,169,442 D 15.4 22,705 C 11.7 21,780 C 12.3 95.9 A 1.3 16,749,291,242 C 11.1 14,941,066,854 C 11.6 392,592 C 10.7 350,209 C 11.4 89.2 A 3.8

3,936,496,399 D 22.3 3,481,710,924 D 24.3 1,067,734 D 20.2 944,378 D 24.0 88.4 B 5.8 5,309,586,093 D 17.2 5,030,999,495 D 17.8 369,454 D 17.4 350,069 D 18.3 94.8 A 2.0 3,169,326,082 D 23.0 3,035,898,038 D 23.9 348,523 D 21.0 333,850 D 21.9 95.8 A 2.6 280,612,966 D 17.8 251,822,548 D 17.3 24,587 C 14.2 22,065 C 13.4 89.7 A 3.9 12,696,021,541 C 11.8 11,800,431,005 C 12.4 445,329 C 11.4 413,915 C 12.3 92.9 A 2.1

3,529,488,674 E 28.6 3,307,140,683 E 30.2 885,093 D 24.4 829,334 E 27.4 93.7 A 3.9 4,349,149,071 D 17.1 4,167,117,549 D 17.8 285,837 D 17.3 273,874 D 17.9 95.8 A 1.4 2,263,708,623 E 29.2 2,160,839,660 E 30.4 273,478 E 28.7 261,050 E 29.9 95.5 A 3.2 274,786,691 D 16.8 264,213,566 D 17.4 20,152 C 12.3 19,376 C 12.9 96.2 A 1.3 10,417,133,059 C 13.9 9,899,311,458 C 14.5 329,607 C 13.7 313,223 C 14.4 95.0 A 1.6

1,848,021,970 D 23.3 1,619,162,573 D 24.3 690,977 D 18.6 605,406 D 21.1 87.6 B 5.6 3,180,977,547 D 15.5 2,981,093,611 D 16.4 206,677 D 16.0 193,690 D 17.0 93.7 A 2.0 2,357,789,696 E 28.1 2,280,970,681 E 29.0 273,256 E 26.6 264,353 E 27.5 96.7 A 1.6 316,389,641 D 15.9 290,614,882 D 16.6 20,598 C 12.8 18,920 C 13.4 91.9 A 2.8 7,703,178,853 C 13.8 7,171,841,747 C 14.5 238,536 C 13.6 222,082 C 14.4 93.1 A 1.8

8,281,024,160 D 15.6 7,345,093,151 D 16.7 865,405 C 13.5 767,596 D 15.2 88.7 A 4.6 9,398,047,455 C 11.7 8,734,303,386 C 12.4 279,376 C 11.6 259,645 C 12.5 92.9 A 1.7 6,122,517,870 D 16.8 5,567,450,143 D 17.7 321,624 D 15.8 292,466 D 16.7 90.9 A 5.0 655,397,933 C 11.7 605,848,299 C 11.7 22,687 B 9.4 20,972 B 9.4 92.4 A 2.2 24,456,987,418 B 8.6 22,252,694,980 B 9.0 354,365 B 8.3 322,427 B 8.8 91.0 A 2.6

15,277,893,171 D 16.6 14,318,282,524 D 17.5 948,766 C 13.9 889,173 D 15.2 93.7 A 2.5 9,263,030,720 D 17.6 8,599,447,024 D 18.9 224,889 D 16.4 208,778 D 17.7 92.8 A 1.9 6,508,691,114 C 13.7 6,106,833,574 C 14.3 275,513 C 12.5 258,502 C 13.1 93.8 A 2.6 809,011,098 C 11.5 770,347,855 C 12.0 19,242 B 9.9 18,322 C 10.4 95.2 A 1.2 31,858,626,104 C 10.4 29,794,910,977 C 11.0 315,315 B 9.8 294,890 C 10.4 93.5 A 1.5

Holds IP 10,733,903,049 D 20.4 9,987,229,280 D 21.6 1,421,460 D 17.9 1,322,580 D 19.3 93.0 A 3.4 9,311,816,961 C 12.0 8,742,480,196 C 12.5 344,569 C 11.9 323,502 C 12.6 93.9 A 1.6 5,578,743,046 D 18.1 5,211,260,466 D 18.7 501,967 D 16.2 468,902 D 16.8 93.4 A 5.0 589,333,245 C 12.8 556,629,578 C 12.6 26,837 B 9.6 25,348 B 9.4 94.5 A 2.2 26,213,796,302 C 11.1 24,497,599,520 C 11.5 494,427 C 10.7 462,057 C 11.2 93.5 A 2.4

Holds Formal IP 5,108,290,203 D 23.3 4,673,667,949 D 24.6 1,541,418 D 21.8 1,410,272 D 24.2 91.5 A 4.3 3,967,202,490 C 14.2 3,721,446,447 C 14.6 438,641 C 13.3 411,468 C 13.8 93.8 A 2.3 3,197,144,233 E 26.0 3,132,512,621 E 26.5 733,642 D 23.7 718,811 D 24.3 98.0 A 1.3 239,224,222 D 15.1 234,507,903 D 15.3 28,788 C 11.6 28,220 C 11.9 98.0 A 0.9 12,511,861,148 C 14.3 11,762,134,922 C 14.8 638,091 C 13.6 599,855 C 14.3 94.0 A 1.9

No IP 12,825,014,282 C 14.1 11,676,146,395 D 15.1 707,761 C 11.3 644,360 C 12.9 91.0 A 3.1 9,349,261,214 D 17.4 8,591,270,214 D 18.8 195,574 D 16.3 179,718 D 17.8 91.9 A 2.1 7,052,465,938 C 12.7 6,463,023,251 C 13.5 223,558 C 11.7 204,873 C 12.5 91.6 A 2.9 875,075,785 C 10.8 819,566,576 C 11.4 17,868 B 9.4 16,735 C 10.0 93.7 A 1.4 30,101,817,220 B 8.8 27,550,006,436 B 9.4 257,203 B 8.2 235,399 B 8.9 91.5 A 1.7

Not familiar with any type of IP 18,357,344,013 C 11.9 16,997,749,286 C 12.6 939,086 B 10.0 869,535 C 10.9 92.6 A 2.4 15,901,098,439 C 10.8 14,796,101,137 C 11.6 252,916 C 10.2 235,341 C 11.0 93.1 A 1.3 10,894,494,587 C 11.9 9,976,742,364 C 12.6 336,226 C 11.0 307,902 C 11.7 91.6 A 3.2 1,276,005,623 B 9.1 1,205,534,518 B 9.4 21,946 B 7.6 20,734 B 7.8 94.5 A 1.3 46,428,942,662 B 7.0 42,976,127,305 B 7.3 340,278 B 6.6 314,972 B 7.0 92.6 A 1.6

Familiar with at least one type of IP 5,201,573,318 E 34.9 4,665,626,389 F 38.2 849,406 E 30.0 761,887 E 34.3 89.7 B 6.7 2,759,979,737 F 35.6 2,537,649,273 F 38.6 230,810 E 33.5 212,217 F 36.9 91.9 A 4.3 1,736,714,397 D 22.6 1,697,541,353 D 23.1 169,305 D 19.3 165,486 D 19.8 97.7 A 1.1 188,403,407 D 16.0 170,661,635 D 17.2 14,729 C 13.3 13,342 C 14.8 90.6 A 3.6 9,886,670,860 D 22.4 9,071,478,651 D 24.0 294,163 D 21.3 269,909 D 23.0 91.8 A 3.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 817,024,472 F 39.3 815,977,554 F 39.3 2,219,990 E 30.1 2,217,145 E 30.1 99.9 A 0.1 650,686,386 D 20.4 642,676,292 D 20.6 769,324 D 15.1 759,853 D 15.4 98.8 A 0.6 172,841,604 E 28.5 170,507,895 E 28.9 292,507 E 25.8 288,558 E 26.2 98.6 A 0.9 47,522,757 D 24.5 47,253,155 D 24.7 52,316 D 18.9 52,019 D 19.0 99.4 A 0.5 1,688,075,219 D 20.9 1,676,414,896 D 21.1 812,125 D 19.2 806,516 D 19.4 99.3 A 0.3

<30 years old 424,809,756 F 73.6 419,844,169 F 74.5 881,659 D 21.5 871,353 D 22.1 98.8 A 1.4 242,702,041 E 28.5 223,963,277 E 30.6 73,322 D 20.7 67,661 D 22.4 92.3 A 4.3 120,037,667 E 30.0 108,722,889 E 31.1 116,477 D 20.0 105,498 D 20.6 90.6 B 6.6 45,098,169 F 36.0 44,852,363 F 36.2 18,014 E 29.8 17,916 E 30.0 99.5 A 0.4 832,647,632 F 39.7 797,382,699 F 41.3 139,038 F 35.9 133,149 F 37.6 95.8 A 2.7

30 to 39 years old 1,858,787,756 D 22.2 1,791,585,907 D 22.5 595,986 D 16.5 574,439 D 16.7 96.4 A 2.4 3,233,154,434 F 38.5 3,094,961,166 F 40.2 239,868 E 34.8 229,615 F 36.6 95.7 A 2.1 1,938,873,181 E 34.5 1,903,238,710 F 35.2 257,749 E 30.4 253,011 E 31.0 98.2 A 1.0 198,172,766 D 21.1 174,072,160 D 23.6 14,349 D 17.6 12,604 D 20.4 87.8 A 4.1 7,228,988,138 D 21.0 6,963,857,942 D 21.8 243,050 D 19.2 234,135 D 20.0 96.3 A 1.2

40 to 49 years old 7,261,168,068 E 27.1 6,822,137,250 E 28.6 995,234 D 22.9 935,059 E 25.3 94.0 A 4.0 4,986,945,642 D 16.5 4,456,733,093 D 17.9 206,473 D 15.6 184,521 D 17.3 89.4 A 3.1 3,499,309,953 D 18.5 3,420,022,416 D 18.9 292,762 D 17.2 286,128 D 17.7 97.7 A 1.0 534,242,476 D 16.3 498,382,071 D 17.2 25,469 C 13.0 23,760 C 14.0 93.3 A 2.1 16,281,666,137 D 15.2 15,197,274,830 D 16.1 325,236 C 14.5 303,575 D 15.5 93.3 A 2.1

50 to 64 years old 13,158,051,929 C 14.8 11,901,978,124 D 15.9 948,303 C 12.9 857,778 C 14.3 90.5 A 3.4 10,066,409,656 C 14.6 9,522,139,915 D 15.4 313,027 C 14.3 296,102 D 15.1 94.6 A 1.4 7,226,800,623 C 14.2 6,479,646,371 D 15.1 335,257 C 13.2 300,596 C 14.1 89.7 A 4.5 652,069,381 C 10.6 625,533,249 C 10.3 21,224 B 9.0 20,360 B 8.7 95.9 A 1.7 31,103,331,588 B 8.7 28,529,297,660 B 9.1 399,648 B 8.3 366,574 B 8.7 91.7 A 2.3

65+ years old 2,533,149,840 E 31.7 2,400,650,702 E 32.7 891,836 E 30.5 845,188 E 31.2 94.8 A 3.5 1,652,766,749 D 15.7 1,527,965,896 D 16.6 232,550 D 16.7 214,990 D 17.6 92.4 A 2.9 1,156,956,976 D 24.7 1,012,130,669 D 25.0 238,679 E 26.1 208,802 E 25.9 87.5 C 11.9 101,481,678 D 22.0 96,841,967 D 22.5 16,616 D 19.3 15,856 D 19.5 95.4 A 3.6 5,444,355,243 D 17.4 5,037,589,234 D 18.3 302,811 D 17.2 280,187 D 18.0 92.5 A 3.2

Less than high school 2,040,544,192 F 49.0 2,012,315,824 F 49.7 1,272,401 F 38.5 1,254,799 F 39.2 98.6 A 1.3 902,044,735 F 39.8 882,471,764 F 40.6 218,824 F 38.7 214,076 F 39.5 97.8 A 1.2 1,680,742,383 F 40.3 1,626,215,723 F 41.6 309,952 F 36.3 299,896 F 37.5 96.8 A 2.4 51,897,775 D 23.9 40,915,173 D 23.3 12,251 D 18.0 9,659 D 18.1 78.8 B 9.8 4,675,229,085 E 27.1 4,561,918,484 E 27.7 358,366 E 25.4 349,680 E 26.1 97.6 A 1.1

High school 4,405,929,003 D 23.8 3,916,368,700 E 25.5 760,819 D 18.1 676,281 D 20.9 88.9 B 5.6 3,089,086,159 D 15.1 2,720,503,507 D 16.8 175,060 C 14.1 154,172 D 16.1 88.1 A 3.5 3,223,028,191 D 16.3 3,089,657,481 D 16.8 235,917 D 15.4 226,154 D 15.8 95.9 A 2.1 339,786,124 D 15.2 315,183,476 D 16.1 20,744 C 11.9 19,242 C 13.2 92.8 A 2.3 11,057,829,477 C 12.6 10,041,713,163 C 13.2 268,510 C 11.8 243,836 C 12.5 90.8 A 2.5

College/Cegep/Trade School 5,829,886,656 D 20.9 5,653,866,198 D 21.4 684,432 D 17.7 663,767 D 18.3 97.0 A 1.5 4,271,701,920 D 22.9 3,897,333,276 D 24.9 175,833 D 22.2 160,423 D 24.4 91.2 A 3.2 2,738,954,857 D 18.9 2,496,763,237 D 20.3 196,080 D 16.7 178,742 D 18.2 91.2 A 3.8 391,421,998 D 18.7 377,298,062 D 19.3 17,958 D 16.6 17,310 D 17.2 96.4 A 1.3 13,231,965,430 C 12.6 12,425,260,774 C 13.3 238,337 C 11.9 223,806 C 12.7 93.9 A 1.5

Bachelor's degree 8,641,676,352 D 22.1 7,731,884,546 D 24.2 1,182,724 D 19.7 1,058,208 D 22.0 89.5 A 4.8 8,717,574,543 D 18.8 8,302,868,900 D 19.7 396,791 D 17.2 377,915 D 18.0 95.2 A 1.5 4,272,208,710 D 19.0 3,708,511,472 D 20.3 434,419 D 17.2 377,100 D 18.7 86.8 B 7.8 506,226,779 C 13.8 477,837,653 C 13.6 23,868 C 11.4 22,530 C 11.0 94.4 A 2.4 22,137,686,384 C 12.5 20,221,102,571 C 13.3 465,053 C 11.8 424,791 C 12.6 91.3 A 3.1

Master's degree or above 4,317,931,144 E 26.5 4,021,760,884 E 27.8 982,868 D 24.9 915,452 E 28.2 93.1 B 6.1 3,201,571,166 D 21.0 3,022,585,901 D 21.9 262,962 D 20.6 248,261 D 21.5 94.4 A 2.4 2,027,044,259 E 27.5 2,002,613,142 E 27.8 504,010 E 26.4 497,935 E 26.7 98.8 A 0.6 241,731,794 D 17.8 228,447,447 D 18.6 23,024 C 13.7 21,759 C 14.4 94.5 A 2.3 9,788,278,362 D 16.9 9,275,407,374 D 17.5 403,640 D 16.3 382,490 D 17.3 94.8 A 2.8

In Canada 19,487,977,616 C 12.8 18,037,882,626 C 13.6 917,116 C 11.1 848,874 C 12.2 92.6 A 2.6 17,996,539,525 C 11.4 17,189,248,191 C 11.9 287,900 C 10.7 274,985 C 11.2 95.5 A 0.9 12,170,319,809 C 11.2 11,280,641,112 C 11.7 313,153 C 10.3 290,260 C 10.8 92.7 A 2.8 1,113,299,763 B 9.5 1,068,097,110 B 9.7 21,755 B 8.0 20,872 B 8.2 95.9 A 1.1 50,768,136,714 B 7.3 47,575,869,039 B 7.6 369,115 B 6.9 345,905 B 7.3 93.7 A 1.5

Outside Canada 5,747,989,732 E 26.0 5,298,313,526 E 27.7 903,323 D 22.6 832,654 D 24.5 92.2 A 3.6 2,185,438,997 C 14.7 1,636,515,157 D 16.8 123,487 C 14.5 92,471 D 17.8 74.9 B 6.8 1,771,658,590 D 18.5 1,643,119,943 D 19.5 220,215 D 17.1 204,238 D 18.6 92.7 A 3.8 417,764,706 C 14.3 371,584,701 D 15.3 18,206 C 11.7 16,194 C 12.7 88.9 A 3.0 10,122,852,025 D 16.4 8,949,533,326 D 17.9 229,760 D 15.7 203,129 D 17.3 88.4 A 2.9

0% 11,615,763,597 D 15.7 10,272,013,857 D 17.0 975,823 C 13.0 862,937 D 15.4 88.4 A 4.3 11,429,189,238 C 13.6 10,833,806,367 C 14.3 289,337 C 13.0 274,265 C 13.8 94.8 A 1.2 7,202,465,213 C 14.4 6,681,530,737 C 15.0 319,272 C 13.6 296,180 C 14.2 92.8 A 4.1 759,829,618 B 9.8 708,507,744 C 10.2 19,165 B 7.8 17,870 B 8.3 93.2 A 1.5 31,007,247,665 B 9.1 28,495,858,705 B 9.5 331,630 B 8.7 304,770 B 9.2 91.9 A 2.3

1% to 49% 4,853,694,121 D 19.2 4,723,883,425 D 19.4 797,828 D 17.1 776,491 D 17.3 97.3 A 1.8 4,665,768,659 E 28.2 4,413,666,290 E 29.7 449,779 E 25.2 425,477 E 26.8 94.6 A 2.5 3,215,403,232 D 23.2 2,927,610,898 D 25.0 520,984 D 21.3 474,353 D 23.0 91.0 B 5.3 229,463,589 E 31.0 213,938,287 E 31.4 32,212 E 29.4 30,033 E 30.0 93.2 A 4.7 12,964,329,601 C 14.4 12,279,098,900 C 15.0 574,614 C 12.6 544,242 C 13.2 94.7 A 1.7

50% 7,508,295,199 E 27.6 7,177,341,082 E 28.7 1,092,753 D 22.9 1,044,586 D 24.2 95.6 A 2.6 2,888,441,202 D 17.1 2,575,217,058 D 18.0 174,051 D 15.4 155,177 D 16.5 89.2 A 3.4 2,753,439,691 D 19.4 2,597,878,332 D 20.3 220,412 D 16.6 207,960 D 17.5 94.4 A 3.0 264,977,448 C 14.7 243,446,846 D 15.5 17,823 C 11.8 16,375 C 12.7 91.9 A 2.7 13,415,153,539 D 16.9 12,593,883,318 D 17.9 341,902 D 15.9 320,970 D 16.9 93.9 A 1.9

51% to 99% 349,299,229 F 46.3 346,947,601 F 46.6 273,115 D 19.4 271,276 D 19.4 99.3 A 0.7 542,537,801 E 34.7 460,791,781 F 38.4 147,887 E 31.7 125,604 F 40.0 84.9 C 13.2 254,580,782 F 38.3 235,908,560 F 37.4 219,239 E 26.8 203,159 E 25.5 92.7 B 6.1 80,285,314 F 37.5 80,285,314 F 37.5 21,272 D 21.5 21,272 D 21.5 100.0 A 0.0 1,226,703,125 E 26.3 1,123,933,255 E 25.5 189,409 D 20.7 173,541 D 21.2 91.6 A 4.9

100% 908,915,203 E 27.7 816,010,187 E 29.6 616,118 D 23.3 553,141 E 26.0 89.8 B 7.6 656,041,622 D 20.9 542,281,851 D 22.7 65,157 D 20.9 53,858 D 23.0 82.7 B 9.8 516,089,482 F 37.2 480,832,528 F 39.6 114,059 E 26.9 106,267 E 29.3 93.2 B 5.6 196,508,501 D 22.2 193,503,620 D 22.5 22,562 D 16.5 22,217 D 16.8 98.5 A 0.7 2,277,554,808 D 16.2 2,032,628,186 D 17.3 114,889 D 15.1 102,534 D 16.2 89.2 A 4.9

Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


2,201,810,373 F 36.8 901,642,613 F 75.2 534,635 E 28.6 218,933 F 69.2 41.0 F 48.8 979,976,174 D 15.9 47,909,759 F 49.8 67,781 C 11.7 3,314 F 48.4 4.9 F 48.5 1,355,142,764 E 32.7 492,708,272 F 61.3 274,508 E 30.9 99,807 F 59.2 36.4 F 45.8 77,481,843 D 17.2 28,330,397 F 36.2 10,440 C 11.4 3,817 E 32.0 36.6 E 25.5 4,614,411,155 D 24.8 1,470,591,041 F 58.1 223,795 D 22.7 71,322 F 56.6 31.9 F 41.4

Co-operatives Co-operatives 54,876,927 D 15.9 54,876,927 D 15.9 815,382 C 11.7 815,382 C 11.7 100.0 A 0.0 118,659,028 D 23.8 118,607,033 D 23.9 1,111,515 D 20.4 1,111,028 D 20.4 100.0 A 0.0 87,736,483 E 28.9 87,736,483 E 28.9 848,631 E 25.7 848,631 E 25.7 100.0 A 0.0 773,415 D 16.6 764,206 D 16.8 9,227 C 11.5 9,117 C 11.8 98.8 A 0.6 262,045,854 D 16.4 261,984,649 D 16.4 952,030 D 15.0 951,808 D 15.0 100.0 A 0.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 116,723,027 E 34.5 112,501,450 F 35.6 1,919,439 D 20.7 1,850,018 D 22.0 96.4 A 3.1 121,055,474 E 27.5 118,622,753 E 28.0 540,921 D 24.2 530,051 D 24.8 98.0 A 0.9 61,713,246 D 24.0 58,986,617 E 25.1 439,886 D 20.0 420,451 D 21.1 95.6 A 2.5 4,867,996 D 15.7 4,694,503 D 16.0 27,762 C 10.8 26,772 C 11.2 96.4 A 1.8 304,359,743 D 19.9 294,805,323 D 20.5 668,555 D 18.1 647,568 D 18.7 96.9 A 1.4

Not-for-profit 8,583,602 C 12.6 8,514,222 C 12.7 264,484 B 6.3 262,346 B 6.5 99.2 A 0.3 5,591,296 C 13.9 5,352,085 C 14.4 118,699 C 13.9 113,621 C 14.4 95.7 A 1.6 72,017,212 C 12.9 72,017,212 C 12.9 5,947,469 D 18.2 5,947,469 D 18.2 100.0 A 0.0 349,339 C 10.5 346,406 C 10.5 4,788 B 8.1 4,748 B 8.2 99.2 A 0.5 86,541,450 C 10.9 86,229,925 C 10.9 602,073 C 11.6 599,906 C 11.6 99.6 A 0.1

Charity 14,161,079 C 13.2 14,161,079 C 13.2 628,169 B 7.4 628,169 B 7.4 100.0 A 0.0 5,205,370 D 24.4 5,125,182 D 24.8 224,316 D 15.9 220,860 D 16.2 98.5 A 0.5 4,740,864 B 9.5 4,740,864 B 9.5 690,545 C 14.9 690,545 C 14.9 100.0 A 0.0 165,910 C 14.9 165,910 C 14.9 5,246 C 11.2 5,246 C 11.2 100.0 A 0.0 24,273,224 C 11.6 24,193,036 C 11.6 351,879 B 9.3 350,716 B 9.3 99.7 A 0.1

For-profit 1,000,200,102 F 37.6 639,633,425 F 39.9 1,008,082 E 32.1 644,674 F 40.9 64.0 E 31.1 1,228,802,659 E 34.1 1,109,490,209 F 37.4 312,690 E 25.6 282,329 E 29.4 90.3 B 5.1 1,436,047,209 F 46.4 1,157,168,898 F 52.8 440,699 F 42.7 355,116 F 48.9 80.6 D 21.2 176,492,029 E 30.0 165,573,455 E 31.6 32,807 D 20.9 30,777 D 22.6 93.8 A 3.5 3,841,542,000 E 27.1 3,071,865,986 E 29.0 368,557 E 25.3 294,714 E 27.0 80.0 D 15.2

22,719,421,157 C 12.3 20,835,816,041 C 13.2 943,329 C 10.6 865,120 C 11.8 91.7 A 2.4 18,547,936,807 C 10.6 17,265,776,823 C 11.3 261,832 C 10.1 243,732 C 10.9 93.1 A 1.2 13,303,295,261 C 10.4 12,304,639,602 C 10.9 319,030 B 9.6 295,081 C 10.2 92.5 A 2.6 1,429,410,396 B 8.3 1,347,923,550 B 8.5 21,481 B 6.9 20,256 B 7.2 94.3 A 1.2 56,000,063,622 B 7.0 51,754,156,016 B 7.3 347,992 B 6.6 321,608 B 7.0 92.4 A 1.4

2,516,546,191 E 31.5 2,500,380,111 E 31.7 713,295 E 29.6 708,713 E 29.8 99.4 A 0.5 1,634,041,715 F 40.3 1,559,986,524 F 42.1 174,423 F 38.5 166,518 F 40.3 95.5 A 2.5 638,683,138 E 28.2 619,121,453 E 28.8 122,592 E 27.6 118,838 E 28.3 96.9 A 1.7 101,654,072 E 25.6 91,758,260 E 26.9 13,414 D 22.6 12,109 D 24.0 90.3 B 5.4 4,890,925,117 D 21.5 4,771,246,349 D 22.0 236,557 D 21.0 230,769 D 21.5 97.6 A 0.9

Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also included in their respective sector categories.

Social Enterprises

Employment Size

Region

Total amount authorized-to-

requested


CMA Level


Debt financing

Total amount requested




New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovationsNon-Innovator (none of the above)





Total amount authorized

Type of debt financingOverall debt financing

Average amount requested

Term loan Line of credit Credit card


Average amount authorized

Non-residential mortgage


Total amount requestedTotal amount

authorizedAverage amount

requestedAverage amount

authorized


requested


requested


Table 5: Amount of Debt Financing Requested and AuthorizedSurvey question(s):C.2. For your business’ largest request for a non-residential mortgage or refinancing of an existing non-residential mortgage in 2017, what was the dollar amount requested? C.8. For your business’ largest request for a business line of credit or increase in the current line of credit in 2017, what was the dollar amount requested? C.13. For your business’ largest request for a term loan in 2017, what was the dollar amount requested? C.19. For this request for a business credit card, or the largest request for an increase in the current credit card limit in 2017, what was the dollar amount requested? C.3. What was the outcome of this mortgage request? C.9. What was the outcome of this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit request?C.14. What was the outcome of this term loan request? C.20. What was the outcome of this request for a business credit card or increase in the credit limit of the current credit card?

Notes:C.2, C.3, C.8, C.9, C.13, C.14, C.19 and C.20 are applicable only to those that requested debt financing in 2017.




requested




requestedTotal amount requested









Age of Business



Place of birth

Female Ownership



Location

Export Status


% Qua

lity

CV Months Qua

lity

CV % Qua

lity

CV % Qua

lity

CV Months Qua

lity

CV % Qua

lity

CV % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 4.5 A 4.0 139 B 5.7 5.4 A 2.7 5.2 A 3.6 62 A 4.1 17.9 A 1.3 64.1 A 1.6 75.5 A 1.8 41.1 A 2.1 8.5 A 1.1

1 to 4 employees 4.3 A 3.9 140 C 10.4 5.5 B 5.1 5.7 B 6.4 54 A 4.0 18.3 A 2.1 55.7 B 2.8 68.6 B 3.4 45.1 B 3.6 9.9 A 2.2

5 to 19 employees 4.7 B 5.9 148 B 8.8 5.5 A 3.5 4.9 B 5.5 66 B 7.3 17.5 A 2.0 68.1 A 2.4 74.5 B 2.9 44.3 B 3.3 8.6 A 1.7

20 to 99 employees 4.9 C 12.3 120 B 8.8 4.9 B 5.5 5.1 B 7.0 66 B 8.9 18.0 A 1.8 75.0 B 2.7 89.2 A 2.2 31.0 B 4.3 5.4 A 1.5

100 to 499 employees 4.3 B 9.3 133 C 12.3 4.1 A 3.2 4.4 A 3.8 58 B 5.7 15.4 B 8.8 68.3 B 4.1 88.3 B 3.1 12.4 A 2.5 9.6 B 3.0

Atlantic 4.7 B 8.3 138 C 13.9 5.2 B 5.5 4.9 B 7.1 64 B 6.4 18.6 A 3.4 63.8 C 5.1 77.0 C 5.2 28.7 C 5.1 7.7 B 3.8

Quebec 4.6 B 8.8 146 B 8.4 5.5 B 5.2 4.9 B 6.2 66 B 7.6 18.0 A 2.0 58.2 B 3.6 82.5 B 3.1 34.6 B 4.7 7.2 A 2.1

Ontario 4.2 A 3.6 126 C 12.9 5.2 A 4.7 5.0 B 6.4 56 B 6.7 18.0 A 1.8 66.7 B 2.6 75.0 B 3.2 45.5 B 3.5 6.8 A 1.6

Northern Ontario 5.5 B 5.5 169 D 20.3 5.4 B 7.7 4.8 B 8.3 68 C 11.3 17.6 B 5.5 70.5 C 5.4 71.3 D 8.1 51.7 D 7.8 7.5 B 3.4

Southern Ontario 4.1 A 3.8 124 C 13.5 5.2 A 5.0 5.1 B 6.9 55 B 7.3 18.0 A 1.9 66.5 B 2.7 75.2 B 3.4 45.1 B 3.6 6.8 A 1.6

Prairies 5.0 B 8.3 174 B 9.8 5.4 B 7.4 5.4 B 9.3 54 B 5.3 17.2 A 3.1 69.3 B 3.3 72.8 B 4.3 41.6 B 4.2 8.1 A 2.0

Manitoba 5.2 B 7.6 181 D 18.7 4.3 B 8.0 5.4 B 8.5 49 B 7.1 17.4 B 7.7 72.6 C 6.8 88.1 C 5.5 36.1 D 7.9 3.1 A 2.1

Saskatchewan 4.2 B 6.4 165 C 11.5 4.9 C 10.3 4.3 B 7.8 59 C 11.8 19.1 A 4.9 74.0 C 5.2 75.7 C 6.3 29.3 C 6.6 8.6 B 3.5

Alberta 5.2 D 15.4 173 D 15.5 5.7 B 9.7 5.9 C 14.7 53 B 7.4 16.5 A 4.1 66.9 B 4.6 67.3 C 6.4 47.6 C 5.8 9.3 B 3.0

British Columbia and Territories 4.5 B 9.2 114 C 15.0 5.5 A 4.9 6.1 B 9.2 78 D 15.5 18.0 A 4.9 62.9 B 4.5 67.7 C 5.5 47.6 C 5.8 15.7 B 4.3

St. John's 1.0 A 0.0 72 A 0.0 5.8 C 14.7 7.9 A 0.1 60 A 0.1 12.4 F 38.2 35.9 F 23.5 80.5 F 17.5 29.5 F 19.8 0.0 A 0.0

Halifax 5.9 D 16.7 100 D 16.8 4.3 B 8.2 4.2 B 8.2 63 B 9.2 16.9 B 9.1 59.7 E 11.2 49.8 E 14.0 64.7 E 12.0 0.4 A 0.5

Quebec 4.4 C 12.1 62 D 23.8 5.7 D 18.1 4.7 C 11.1 63 B 9.5 19.2 A 4.2 63.2 E 11.3 81.7 E 11.6 21.5 E 11.8 0.0 A 0.0

Montreal 5.7 D 18.9 120 C 11.5 5.7 B 5.6 5.8 C 12.2 58 B 6.6 18.4 A 2.5 51.3 C 5.5 70.4 C 6.7 52.7 D 7.6 10.9 B 4.2

Ottawa-Gatineau 3.4 C 10.5 218 B 5.2 6.7 D 19.1 5.6 B 6.4 58 B 10.0 17.0 B 7.0 45.8 E 11.5 42.4 F 16.7 63.6 E 14.9 6.1 B 4.5

Toronto 4.2 B 7.2 114 E 34.9 5.3 B 7.4 6.5 B 6.8 52 B 7.8 18.0 A 3.5 71.2 B 4.2 71.5 C 5.5 47.6 C 5.9 10.1 B 3.3

Kingston 3.8 B 7.5 105 F 44.0 7.4 D 17.9 6.9 C 12.5 45 D 22.9 19.7 A 2.9 50.7 D 9.8 66.5 E 13.0 35.3 E 13.0 0.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 5.2 C 11.8 239 D 20.2 5.2 A 4.3 3.7 C 13.3 96 D 15.2 18.0 A 4.8 78.9 D 8.2 72.8 E 11.1 51.6 E 14.0 3.4 B 2.7

St. Catharines-Niagara 4.0 B 9.2 74 F 61.3 5.3 C 14.9 5.9 C 10.1 70 C 13.2 18.0 B 6.6 83.8 D 8.0 81.7 D 9.3 42.9 E 12.0 1.1 A 0.8

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 3.6 B 9.8 174 F 38.9 3.6 E 32.3 5.0 C 14.5 53 B 6.8 17.9 B 6.7 61.0 E 11.0 67.9 E 11.0 34.8 E 10.7 7.8 C 7.4

London 3.2 B 7.4 141 F 37.8 4.7 C 10.7 4.1 E 31.1 59 C 13.5 19.5 A 0.9 84.3 C 6.6 79.9 D 8.4 29.5 D 10.0 1.9 A 1.9

Windsor 3.4 C 10.1 101 C 14.8 5.1 B 6.8 6.8 B 8.0 64 B 7.0 17.5 B 7.2 65.5 E 12.6 73.8 E 14.6 68.0 E 12.6 5.9 B 4.1

Thunder Bay 5.6 C 10.8 120 D 18.1 4.9 B 9.6 6.4 C 12.6 53 B 9.0 18.3 B 7.0 72.0 E 10.1 93.8 B 3.4 67.9 E 10.6 9.8 C 6.5

Winnipeg 5.4 C 11.4 238 C 14.9 4.3 B 8.5 6.1 D 15.6 47 B 9.5 17.2 C 10.3 56.2 E 10.0 92.4 B 4.1 28.4 D 9.8 4.3 B 3.8

Calgary 3.6 A 4.0 239 D 15.4 5.4 D 15.8 10.7 E 33.5 41 D 23.9 17.4 A 5.0 74.5 D 7.7 48.1 E 11.6 45.3 E 12.2 10.3 C 5.7

Edmonton 5.6 C 11.6 155 D 17.7 4.8 B 7.7 4.1 E 27.1 53 D 22.3 16.1 B 6.3 49.6 D 9.9 33.0 E 12.4 55.7 E 14.5 19.6 E 11.0

Vancouver 5.3 D 17.0 77 E 25.7 5.3 A 4.6 5.8 C 11.9 85 E 26.9 17.6 B 8.5 62.6 C 6.7 62.4 D 8.6 42.7 D 9.0 22.3 C 7.2

Victoria 5.0 D 17.3 170 F 35.9 5.1 D 17.8 2.6 D 22.7 64 B 5.5 19.5 A 1.5 51.9 F 17.1 16.9 E 13.1 69.5 F 21.8 23.9 F 21.1

3.7 A 4.8 136 C 11.2 4.6 B 7.6 4.4 A 4.4 72 C 10.1 16.6 B 5.7 78.9 B 3.4 95.0 A 2.0 17.8 B 2.9 5.8 A 2.1

4.5 B 5.6 118 D 16.9 5.1 A 4.2 4.6 C 11.7 52 B 7.6 17.5 A 3.3 53.1 B 4.7 76.6 C 5.0 43.8 C 6.6 9.7 B 3.3

4.4 B 6.7 142 D 15.4 5.3 A 4.3 5.4 B 5.9 81 D 16.3 17.4 A 3.2 72.5 B 3.7 72.3 C 5.1 44.4 C 5.0 8.3 B 3.0

4.4 A 4.7 146 D 18.2 4.8 A 4.9 5.5 C 11.5 58 B 5.3 18.0 A 2.9 71.8 B 3.8 78.5 B 4.9 27.2 B 5.0 7.5 B 3.3

4.6 C 11.9 137 D 19.0 4.4 B 9.0 4.7 C 12.3 61 D 20.4 18.5 A 2.0 67.7 B 4.7 84.4 B 3.7 34.6 C 5.7 7.0 B 2.8

4.6 B 7.5 146 D 21.3 5.7 B 5.8 5.3 B 6.6 51 A 4.4 18.6 A 2.9 62.6 B 5.0 81.0 C 5.3 36.6 C 6.0 9.4 B 4.5

6.0 C 14.0 115 D 17.2 5.1 B 6.5 6.5 D 15.5 54 B 9.5 18.0 A 3.0 57.0 C 5.3 51.9 C 7.4 52.5 C 6.9 16.5 C 5.1

4.4 C 10.6 159 C 10.6 6.4 B 5.7 7.3 C 13.9 58 C 10.3 18.0 A 3.3 62.6 C 5.0 76.3 C 6.2 30.0 C 6.7 8.9 B 2.9

4.6 B 8.0 165 C 12.6 6.9 C 11.5 5.2 C 10.3 54 B 7.0 17.6 B 6.2 62.7 B 4.8 73.0 C 6.4 41.2 C 6.7 10.5 C 5.9

5.2 C 11.5 136 D 17.8 6.1 B 6.5 5.3 B 7.7 70 B 7.9 18.0 A 4.7 63.4 B 4.9 63.7 C 6.2 65.1 C 5.4 6.2 B 2.5

Tourism 4.1 B 7.2 152 D 22.9 6.2 C 12.3 6.1 D 19.6 63 C 14.5 15.3 C 13.9 46.5 D 8.1 73.7 D 7.5 51.2 D 9.0 5.8 B 2.8

Information and Communication 3.9 B 5.3 267 C 13.6 5.5 B 8.3 8.5 D 19.0 54 B 7.2 18.8 A 2.5 61.3 C 7.0 40.8 E 10.9 76.6 C 7.2 4.8 B 3.1

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 7.3 B 7.8 127 D 21.6 4.9 C 10.3 5.3 B 6.9 62 D 15.1 15.0 C 12.6 63.0 E 11.7 73.2 E 13.4 66.9 E 12.3 8.1 C 5.5

Rural 4.1 A 3.6 139 B 8.3 5.1 A 4.1 4.2 A 4.8 60 B 7.2 17.5 A 2.2 73.1 B 2.8 90.7 A 1.8 30.6 B 3.6 6.2 A 1.8

Urban 4.7 B 5.3 139 B 7.5 5.4 A 3.1 5.8 A 4.3 63 A 4.9 17.9 A 1.5 61.3 A 1.9 70.0 A 2.3 44.9 A 2.5 9.4 A 1.3

Exporter 5.3 B 9.8 139 C 13.1 5.3 B 5.2 5.4 B 6.9 61 A 4.5 17.6 A 3.8 65.6 B 3.9 70.8 B 4.4 43.1 B 4.7 13.3 B 3.3

Non-exporter 4.4 A 4.3 139 B 6.2 5.4 A 3.0 5.2 A 4.0 62 A 4.6 17.9 A 1.3 63.8 A 1.8 76.3 A 2.0 40.8 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.1

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 4.4 B 6.2 133 D 15.1 5.3 B 5.1 6.3 B 8.9 54 B 6.3 17.1 B 5.5 59.4 C 5.4 74.9 C 5.2 40.7 C 5.9 6.1 B 2.5

4.2 A 4.9 166 C 13.9 5.3 A 4.7 4.5 B 7.3 77 C 11.7 18.1 A 2.8 63.7 C 5.1 73.3 C 5.9 35.3 C 6.0 11.6 B 3.5

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 4.5 B 6.7 132 B 8.2 5.4 A 4.5 5.1 A 4.8 62 B 6.2 18.3 A 1.4 69.2 A 2.3 80.9 A 2.5 38.5 B 3.3 7.0 A 1.5

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 4.5 B 6.1 153 C 13.3 4.9 B 5.8 4.5 C 14.4 53 B 9.9 17.5 B 7.0 58.2 C 5.2 67.7 C 6.4 42.0 C 6.1 11.0 B 4.2

4.6 B 6.8 123 E 25.2 5.6 B 5.1 5.8 C 14.7 56 B 9.0 17.0 A 4.1 68.7 B 5.0 69.1 C 6.5 49.1 C 6.4 8.9 B 3.8

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 5.3 B 7.8 139 D 19.4 5.6 C 12.4 5.8 B 6.5 60 B 7.6 18.3 A 1.5 52.6 B 4.6 67.6 C 5.8 49.4 C 6.6 9.6 B 3.6

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 5.0 B 7.2 124 D 15.3 5.3 A 3.4 5.6 B 6.4 54 B 6.5 18.0 A 2.2 61.2 B 3.2 68.4 B 4.0 47.3 B 4.0 10.0 A 2.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 4.3 A 4.6 151 C 10.2 5.4 A 3.9 5.2 B 5.5 67 B 8.8 18.1 A 3.3 71.6 B 3.3 74.5 B 3.5 38.7 B 4.1 9.5 A 2.1

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 4.4 B 7.3 140 B 7.2 5.3 B 5.4 4.7 B 7.8 64 B 6.8 17.2 A 2.6 65.2 A 2.5 86.0 A 2.3 34.6 B 3.4 5.8 A 1.5

4.9 B 7.0 113 C 13.9 5.0 B 5.4 5.4 B 7.2 67 C 10.7 17.0 A 3.4 66.8 B 3.5 69.6 B 4.0 46.9 B 4.4 12.7 B 2.7

4.8 C 11.5 124 C 12.5 5.2 A 4.6 4.9 A 4.8 75 C 11.6 16.9 A 4.6 69.8 B 3.7 70.3 B 4.8 44.1 C 5.1 10.9 B 2.6

4.9 C 10.5 134 C 13.6 5.3 B 7.4 5.2 C 10.7 61 C 12.2 17.4 A 3.7 61.5 B 4.2 74.0 B 4.8 38.5 C 5.1 10.5 B 2.8

4.1 B 5.6 147 C 14.6 5.1 A 3.6 5.6 B 9.5 67 C 11.5 18.5 A 2.7 59.7 B 4.1 67.6 B 5.0 43.4 C 5.1 10.9 B 3.4

4.6 B 5.5 130 C 10.3 5.2 A 4.0 5.1 B 5.7 65 B 7.3 17.7 A 2.5 64.3 B 2.7 73.4 B 3.0 41.3 B 3.4 11.1 A 2.1

4.3 A 3.9 143 B 7.1 5.3 A 3.2 5.2 B 5.2 60 A 4.8 18.0 A 1.5 62.7 A 2.2 76.2 A 2.5 42.0 B 2.8 7.7 A 1.4

Holds IP 4.6 B 6.2 116 C 12.1 5.1 A 3.3 5.6 B 5.5 63 B 6.9 17.4 A 2.9 67.3 B 2.9 69.7 B 3.7 48.1 B 3.7 12.1 A 2.3

Holds Formal IP 5.0 C 10.4 132 C 11.6 4.9 A 4.4 6.1 B 7.5 67 B 7.8 17.3 A 3.3 74.3 B 3.3 78.3 B 4.0 38.4 C 5.1 11.7 B 3.3

No IP 4.3 A 3.6 148 B 6.4 5.4 A 3.4 5.0 A 4.9 63 B 5.2 18.1 A 1.4 61.5 A 2.1 77.8 A 2.1 38.4 B 2.6 7.6 A 1.4

Not familiar with any type of IP 4.5 A 3.9 134 B 6.6 5.2 A 2.8 5.1 A 4.1 63 B 5.3 17.8 A 1.5 63.8 A 1.8 73.5 A 2.1 41.3 A 2.3 9.9 A 1.4

Familiar with at least one type of IP 4.1 A 3.7 150 C 12.7 5.4 B 6.0 5.4 B 9.2 60 B 6.0 18.1 A 2.6 61.2 B 4.2 82.0 B 3.8 43.6 C 5.6 5.5 A 2.0

Procurement Did business with Federal government 3.8 B 9.3 124 C 13.4 4.7 A 4.4 4.7 B 6.2 44 B 7.2 18.2 A 3.3 71.8 B 4.2 85.5 B 3.9 32.6 C 5.3 8.6 B 2.7

<30 years old 3.2 A 2.3 225 B 7.2 4.7 B 6.2 5.1 C 13.0 72 D 18.8 19.1 A 2.1 42.9 D 9.6 67.0 F 17.0 47.0 F 15.3 3.8 B 3.0

30 to 39 years old 4.9 C 10.4 141 C 10.7 5.5 B 5.3 5.7 B 6.9 59 C 11.4 18.3 A 2.0 59.9 B 3.9 69.9 B 5.0 41.4 C 5.3 11.7 B 3.3

40 to 49 years old 4.5 A 4.7 157 C 10.8 5.5 A 4.2 5.2 B 6.3 64 B 9.0 17.3 A 3.2 64.8 B 2.9 74.3 B 3.4 43.1 B 3.8 8.3 A 2.0

50 to 64 years old 4.3 A 4.6 135 B 8.8 5.3 A 4.9 5.2 B 6.2 62 B 5.8 18.0 A 1.8 67.7 A 2.5 77.2 B 2.6 39.0 B 3.1 9.0 A 1.7

65+ years old 5.5 D 16.2 98 C 13.7 5.2 B 9.1 4.5 B 8.4 55 B 7.2 17.7 B 5.3 60.9 C 6.1 81.3 C 6.6 43.9 D 8.0 3.3 A 1.6

Less than high school 4.0 B 8.9 109 D 21.4 5.6 B 6.5 5.7 C 14.6 67 D 15.8 17.5 A 4.3 64.2 C 6.0 85.8 B 4.5 40.5 D 8.5 5.1 B 3.2

High school 4.2 A 4.5 132 C 11.9 5.8 B 7.8 5.0 B 5.3 59 A 4.0 16.3 A 4.7 62.9 B 3.6 80.9 B 3.9 35.7 B 4.3 4.8 A 1.7

College/Cegep/Trade School 4.7 B 5.2 148 C 10.1 5.5 A 4.6 5.1 B 7.6 64 B 9.1 18.4 A 2.1 61.5 B 2.8 76.9 B 3.0 41.8 B 3.7 10.4 A 2.3

Bachelor's degree 4.4 B 7.6 147 C 11.6 4.8 A 3.7 5.2 B 6.5 59 B 8.0 18.4 A 1.4 66.8 B 3.0 70.3 B 3.9 42.9 B 4.0 10.5 A 2.2

Master's degree or above 5.3 C 14.4 123 C 12.6 5.4 B 5.8 5.6 B 7.8 64 C 11.7 18.2 A 2.6 66.5 B 5.0 68.8 C 5.5 45.3 C 6.0 8.2 B 2.8

In Canada 4.5 A 4.6 133 B 5.1 5.3 A 3.1 5.0 A 3.6 61 A 3.9 17.6 A 1.6 63.7 A 1.8 77.7 A 1.9 38.4 A 2.3 8.7 A 1.2

Outside Canada 4.6 B 8.0 158 D 15.9 5.5 B 5.2 6.0 C 11.1 65 C 14.3 18.5 A 2.1 65.3 B 3.8 68.6 B 4.6 49.7 B 4.8 8.2 A 2.5

0% 4.5 B 5.4 131 B 8.8 5.4 A 4.2 5.4 B 5.4 61 B 5.0 17.7 A 2.0 61.2 A 2.4 76.0 B 2.6 39.4 B 3.0 8.2 A 1.5

1% to 49% 4.7 C 12.1 148 C 11.0 4.7 B 8.0 4.9 B 6.6 62 B 6.6 17.5 A 2.7 74.4 B 3.7 81.4 C 5.3 41.6 C 6.0 6.4 A 2.4

50% 4.4 A 4.0 143 B 9.6 5.5 A 4.6 4.8 B 6.5 64 C 10.0 17.7 A 2.1 68.2 B 3.0 79.2 B 3.0 37.7 B 3.7 9.3 A 2.3

51% to 99% 4.5 B 6.6 108 F 51.4 6.5 D 16.9 7.1 D 21.4 77 C 13.8 19.6 B 7.1 57.2 E 10.1 69.1 E 11.9 40.5 E 13.5 21.9 E 11.9

100% 4.9 C 13.9 168 C 14.0 5.4 B 5.1 4.9 C 11.4 53 D 16.3 18.4 A 2.8 60.5 C 5.3 59.1 C 7.1 56.3 C 6.9 7.1 B 3.1

Potential Borrowers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


4.6 B 6.9 32 D 24.0 5.5 A 4.6 8.8 D 18.8 54 B 8.8 18.2 B 5.4 73.0 D 9.5 79.2 D 7.6 63.0 E 11.9 3.4 A 2.5

Co-operatives Co-operatives 4.3 A 3.9 105 B 7.3 6.2 B 5.5 4.9 A 4.1 81 B 9.7 16.1 A 3.5 74.2 B 2.9 92.0 A 1.8 7.6 A 1.8 9.8 A 1.8

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 5.5 D 16.8 100 D 20.9 4.9 B 6.4 5.0 B 7.1 62 B 6.9 17.5 A 2.2 65.7 B 3.6 89.0 A 2.4 22.0 B 3.4 6.1 A 2.4

Not-for-profit 4.9 A 1.9 124 B 9.1 5.9 A 4.3 5.2 B 8.8 72 B 7.1 16.9 A 1.6 52.1 B 2.9 91.0 A 2.0 5.5 A 1.6 9.0 A 2.0

Charity 4.0 A 2.3 99 B 8.3 4.4 A 3.6 5.1 B 6.0 44 B 7.4 17.7 A 2.3 62.6 B 3.6 97.5 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.5 A 0.4

For-profit 4.2 B 8.2 128 D 19.0 4.8 B 5.9 5.1 C 14.4 53 B 8.6 18.6 A 3.2 65.2 C 6.6 68.8 D 8.1 43.4 D 8.4 11.0 B 4.5

4.6 A 4.5 132 B 6.4 5.4 A 2.9 5.2 A 3.9 62 A 4.5 17.9 A 1.3 64.4 A 1.7 75.7 A 2.0 41.5 A 2.2 8.4 A 1.1

4.1 A 4.6 177 C 11.5 5.2 A 4.7 5.0 B 7.8 61 B 7.3 17.8 B 5.6 61.7 B 4.6 73.8 C 5.0 38.4 C 5.2 9.5 B 4.1


Employment Size

Region


CMA Level


Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS



Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)

Table 6: Debt Financing Terms and ConditionsSurvey question(s):C.5. What was the annual interest rate on this mortgage?C.6. What was the length of term of this mortgage (in months)?C.11. What was the annual interest rate on this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit?C.16. What was the annual interest rate on this term loan?C.17. What was the length of term of this term loan (in months)?C.22. What was the annual interest rate on this business credit card or increase in the credit card limit?C.24. In 2017, what collateral did your business provide to obtain new debt financing (mortgages, term loans, line of credit, business credit card)? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:C.5 and C.6 are applicable only to those that were approved for a non-residential mortgage in 2017.C.11 is applicable only to those that were approved for a new business line of credit in 2017.C.16 and C.17 are applicable only to those that were approved for term loans in 2017.C.22 is applicable only to those that were approved for a new business credit card or increase in the current credit card limit in 2017.C.24 is only applicable for those who were approved for a non-residential mortgage, term loan, business line of credit or a business credit card in 2017


Credit card CollateralNon-residential mortgage Term loan


Average interest rate

Was asked to provide some type

of collateral

Type

Business asset Personal asset OtherAverage interest

rateAverage length of

termAverage interest

rateAverage length of

term

Line of credit

Average interest rate

Location

Export Status


Age of Business

New or significantly improved good or service


or introduced


New or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovationsNon-Innovator (none of the above)






Place of birth

Female Ownership



Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 14.6 A 1.0 15.4 A 1.1 14.5 A 1.1 24.8 A 1.3 62.1 A 1.6 6.7 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.0 7.9 A 0.8 13.6 A 1.0

1 to 4 employees 15.4 A 1.8 14.4 A 1.8 15.7 A 2.0 24.8 A 2.2 61.8 B 2.6 7.7 A 1.7 11.2 A 1.9 7.1 A 1.4 14.1 A 1.8

5 to 19 employees 13.7 A 1.6 18.1 A 2.0 12.8 A 1.4 22.6 A 2.1 63.4 A 2.5 5.5 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.1 8.5 A 1.2 11.1 A 1.4

20 to 99 employees 13.6 A 2.1 10.9 A 1.6 15.3 A 2.2 28.7 B 2.8 61.9 B 3.2 7.1 A 1.6 7.4 A 2.3 8.2 A 1.6 18.0 A 2.4

100 to 499 employees 19.7 B 2.7 15.3 B 2.9 15.5 A 2.3 37.0 B 3.9 48.6 B 3.8 5.7 A 1.7 3.0 A 0.7 10.2 A 2.3 17.9 B 2.9

Atlantic 15.7 B 3.9 17.6 B 3.5 5.6 A 1.4 24.1 B 3.9 54.2 B 4.7 3.2 A 1.8 7.0 B 2.8 8.0 B 2.8 17.2 B 3.7

Quebec 9.2 A 1.7 14.1 A 2.5 11.0 A 2.2 26.0 B 3.2 58.3 B 3.6 7.9 A 2.3 10.0 A 2.0 9.0 A 2.0 21.0 B 2.6

Ontario 14.7 A 1.7 19.2 A 2.1 16.7 A 1.8 22.9 A 2.0 61.1 B 2.5 7.8 A 1.5 11.1 A 2.1 7.8 A 1.2 12.0 A 1.5

Northern Ontario 17.1 B 4.6 21.7 B 4.6 14.3 B 4.0 34.3 C 5.9 56.8 C 6.0 2.4 A 1.6 10.6 B 3.9 5.2 A 2.0 18.1 B 4.6

Southern Ontario 14.6 A 1.8 19.1 A 2.2 16.8 A 1.9 22.3 A 2.0 61.3 B 2.7 8.1 A 1.5 11.2 A 2.2 7.9 A 1.3 11.7 A 1.6

Prairies 18.3 B 2.7 14.2 A 1.8 13.3 A 2.1 28.3 B 2.8 67.2 B 3.0 5.3 A 1.3 5.8 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.4 8.3 A 1.6

Manitoba 20.6 C 5.8 10.8 B 3.0 13.1 B 4.3 31.6 C 6.3 67.0 C 6.1 4.9 A 2.3 3.6 A 1.9 8.2 B 3.2 6.4 A 2.4

Saskatchewan 21.9 C 5.5 25.6 C 5.1 17.2 B 4.8 29.8 B 4.9 55.4 C 5.9 4.1 A 2.4 3.9 A 1.8 11.2 B 4.1 10.5 B 4.1

Alberta 16.5 B 3.5 11.7 A 2.2 12.1 B 2.7 27.0 B 3.7 70.8 B 4.0 5.8 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.9 6.8 A 1.6 8.1 A 2.1

British Columbia and Territories 18.3 B 3.1 10.2 B 2.8 21.2 B 3.7 22.6 B 3.6 67.6 B 3.9 5.2 A 2.1 5.4 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.8 9.3 A 2.2

St. John's 53.9 F 26.5 22.5 F 16.2 6.7 C 6.9 19.3 F 15.2 27.6 F 18.3 12.6 E 12.8 0.0 A 0.0 12.6 E 12.8 65.7 F 21.1

Halifax 19.7 E 10.6 16.5 E 10.3 12.4 C 5.1 15.3 C 5.6 48.8 E 11.1 12.6 D 8.6 1.3 A 1.2 8.5 C 5.8 28.9 E 10.2

Quebec 19.7 D 8.3 25.0 E 10.1 15.6 C 7.4 40.6 E 10.7 52.3 E 11.2 5.4 B 3.6 2.9 B 2.7 15.7 D 7.9 16.0 C 7.5

Montreal 4.3 A 1.9 7.8 A 2.0 9.9 B 2.7 20.5 B 4.0 71.8 B 4.7 9.0 B 3.1 9.9 B 3.3 9.0 B 2.9 19.9 B 4.2

Ottawa-Gatineau 9.0 B 4.6 14.8 C 5.7 19.4 D 7.9 19.3 D 7.7 62.4 E 10.9 4.0 A 1.9 24.4 E 11.7 3.5 A 1.7 10.6 B 4.2

Toronto 12.5 B 3.1 18.4 B 3.5 15.1 B 2.9 17.1 B 2.9 65.5 B 4.3 12.9 B 3.0 10.0 B 3.4 8.7 A 2.1 12.3 B 2.9

Kingston 22.3 D 8.1 3.1 A 2.4 21.2 D 8.0 33.9 D 8.8 53.8 D 9.0 1.3 A 1.2 6.8 B 3.5 9.1 C 6.8 15.8 C 6.1

Hamilton 9.5 C 5.2 28.2 E 10.3 25.5 E 10.0 37.2 E 10.6 57.1 E 11.1 9.3 D 8.4 4.3 A 2.2 10.0 D 8.4 10.8 C 5.4

St. Catharines-Niagara 31.4 F 15.1 9.0 C 5.2 12.7 C 6.8 17.1 D 7.6 63.2 E 11.6 2.3 A 2.2 4.9 B 4.8 9.3 D 8.7 13.9 C 5.9

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 2.2 A 1.7 9.9 B 4.4 28.1 E 10.6 24.9 D 8.0 61.4 E 10.3 3.7 B 2.6 12.0 C 5.4 4.7 B 2.9 13.7 C 7.3

London 20.4 C 7.5 11.5 C 6.4 5.3 A 2.3 29.2 D 10.0 53.2 E 11.1 0.3 A 0.2 0.3 A 0.2 1.1 A 1.1 11.4 C 6.4

Windsor 11.5 C 6.2 7.6 B 4.4 14.0 C 7.1 25.4 E 11.2 70.1 E 10.0 7.0 C 5.7 18.7 E 10.5 23.9 E 11.2 18.1 D 8.9

Thunder Bay 31.2 E 11.1 29.7 E 10.4 23.2 E 10.7 29.4 E 10.7 71.1 D 8.8 1.5 A 1.5 19.4 D 7.6 8.9 B 4.7 14.7 C 7.2

Winnipeg 15.4 C 6.6 7.9 B 3.0 10.6 B 4.7 26.3 C 6.9 68.4 D 8.2 2.0 A 1.6 5.5 B 3.2 6.2 B 3.4 8.4 B 3.5

Calgary 8.3 B 4.1 7.2 B 3.5 20.9 C 6.7 28.6 C 7.3 79.8 C 6.4 7.5 B 3.8 8.0 B 4.0 14.4 C 5.0 11.9 C 5.1

Edmonton 11.8 B 4.8 10.2 B 4.7 12.9 C 5.9 21.7 C 6.9 78.0 C 6.8 10.1 C 5.1 2.7 A 1.9 6.4 B 3.0 9.0 B 4.2

Vancouver 9.7 B 3.4 11.5 B 4.8 31.8 C 6.3 22.8 C 5.5 73.6 C 5.4 9.1 B 4.1 4.9 A 2.3 7.5 B 2.9 10.3 B 3.4

Victoria 8.7 C 6.5 13.9 E 12.7 4.7 B 4.5 18.7 E 13.2 71.7 E 14.9 0.7 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 42.0 F 17.1

34.3 B 4.1 15.6 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.6 37.6 B 3.9 48.7 B 4.1 1.3 A 0.5 9.2 A 2.4 0.7 A 0.3 14.4 B 3.0

10.3 A 2.2 16.3 B 3.3 8.6 A 2.2 24.4 B 3.9 69.5 B 4.2 3.6 A 1.4 2.8 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.4 9.5 A 2.2

12.9 B 3.1 10.8 A 2.2 14.7 B 2.6 40.0 B 4.0 64.2 B 3.8 12.6 B 3.2 9.7 B 2.8 14.1 B 2.6 14.8 B 2.5

9.4 A 2.2 15.4 B 2.9 13.8 B 2.7 17.0 B 3.2 66.9 B 4.1 6.5 A 2.3 6.7 A 2.3 14.1 B 3.0 14.6 B 3.1

8.0 A 2.2 18.7 B 4.1 12.4 A 2.5 16.0 B 3.6 66.6 B 4.6 2.9 A 1.2 9.1 B 2.8 7.8 B 3.0 17.8 B 3.7

14.4 B 3.3 32.2 B 4.0 7.1 A 1.9 18.1 B 3.7 48.9 B 4.6 1.3 A 0.8 2.9 A 1.2 4.4 A 1.4 10.2 B 3.0

6.3 A 2.0 8.4 A 2.5 33.5 B 4.6 22.7 B 4.4 69.1 B 4.5 19.0 B 4.2 6.4 B 3.1 15.5 B 3.9 15.8 B 3.3

15.8 B 3.3 4.4 A 1.4 9.9 B 2.7 34.2 B 4.8 64.6 B 4.8 4.2 A 1.9 10.8 B 3.2 8.2 B 2.8 11.1 B 3.3

21.6 B 4.1 19.5 B 3.5 12.4 B 2.7 23.4 B 3.7 66.7 B 4.6 3.7 A 1.4 10.9 B 2.5 6.6 A 1.8 11.9 B 3.0

17.3 B 3.6 13.6 B 3.3 23.0 B 4.3 22.5 B 3.6 53.6 B 4.9 11.4 B 3.7 16.2 B 3.9 8.4 A 2.2 15.4 B 2.9

Tourism 18.0 B 4.9 26.0 D 8.4 24.3 D 8.1 22.3 C 7.1 61.0 D 7.7 9.7 C 6.7 13.2 C 6.8 7.3 B 3.4 9.4 B 3.3

Information and Communication 11.9 C 6.7 4.7 B 2.7 29.5 C 5.9 10.4 B 4.0 69.3 C 7.3 19.0 B 4.9 1.7 A 1.7 7.4 B 3.0 18.2 C 5.1

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 8.0 B 4.4 11.3 C 6.4 42.8 E 11.9 55.5 E 12.5 46.6 E 12.2 29.8 E 11.6 19.4 E 11.9 23.3 E 11.7 5.0 B 2.7

Rural 21.9 A 2.4 18.5 A 2.1 7.0 A 1.2 31.4 B 2.9 52.7 B 3.2 3.6 A 1.3 9.7 A 2.1 6.6 A 1.5 11.7 A 1.9

Urban 12.4 A 1.1 14.5 A 1.3 16.7 A 1.4 22.9 A 1.4 64.9 A 1.8 7.6 A 1.1 8.3 A 1.1 8.3 A 0.9 14.2 A 1.2

Exporter 10.0 A 1.6 13.0 B 2.5 18.8 B 2.8 22.2 B 2.9 62.8 B 3.5 12.6 B 2.7 4.3 A 1.4 11.4 A 2.1 18.4 B 3.1

Non-exporter 15.3 A 1.2 15.8 A 1.2 13.7 A 1.2 25.3 A 1.5 62.0 A 1.7 5.7 A 0.9 9.4 A 1.1 7.3 A 0.9 12.8 A 1.0

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 9.1 A 2.2 15.3 B 3.7 22.1 B 4.4 24.3 B 4.1 80.5 B 3.5 13.6 B 3.8 3.7 A 1.4 12.8 B 2.9 7.9 A 1.7

12.8 A 2.4 17.9 B 4.2 11.2 A 2.2 22.3 B 4.0 52.0 B 4.7 7.6 B 2.6 11.6 B 4.1 10.0 B 2.6 18.0 B 3.3

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 17.2 A 1.8 15.2 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.8 23.8 A 2.0 56.8 A 2.4 5.3 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.4 7.3 A 1.2 13.6 A 1.5

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 16.2 B 3.0 14.6 B 3.2 15.0 B 2.9 21.6 B 3.4 57.0 B 4.8 4.9 A 1.6 7.8 A 1.9 5.7 A 1.6 16.0 B 3.7

17.4 B 3.9 13.1 B 2.9 9.0 A 2.2 22.5 B 4.0 67.5 B 4.7 5.3 A 2.0 15.3 B 3.6 6.5 A 1.9 17.4 B 4.0

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 9.2 A 2.4 15.8 B 3.5 23.4 B 3.7 37.7 B 4.3 76.3 B 3.1 7.2 A 2.2 2.7 A 0.9 6.9 B 3.0 10.1 A 2.1

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 11.2 A 1.7 13.5 A 1.8 13.6 A 2.1 18.5 A 1.9 65.1 B 2.9 7.5 A 1.7 12.2 A 2.2 8.3 A 1.3 13.3 A 1.9

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 15.5 A 2.1 16.3 B 2.6 13.5 A 2.1 29.6 B 3.2 58.3 B 3.2 7.0 A 2.0 9.3 A 1.9 7.0 A 1.6 11.7 A 1.9

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 19.9 A 2.1 16.7 A 1.8 12.7 A 1.6 23.1 A 1.9 56.1 B 2.5 5.2 A 1.2 6.3 A 1.1 8.6 A 1.4 16.8 A 1.8

12.3 A 2.0 15.3 B 2.6 17.9 A 2.4 28.1 B 3.1 69.0 B 3.1 10.5 A 1.9 5.8 A 1.6 14.0 A 2.2 13.8 A 2.2

12.2 A 1.9 13.3 B 2.7 20.0 B 3.0 36.8 B 3.7 68.4 B 3.5 12.9 B 2.6 4.6 A 1.1 13.5 A 2.2 11.6 A 2.0

10.6 A 1.8 16.1 B 3.1 21.8 B 3.1 31.8 B 3.9 65.0 B 3.8 9.0 A 2.2 5.5 A 1.3 14.8 B 2.7 15.3 B 2.8

8.6 A 1.7 15.0 B 2.6 19.7 B 2.8 25.2 B 3.3 70.3 B 3.6 7.6 A 1.6 5.9 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.8 15.4 B 2.8

12.2 A 1.5 15.2 A 1.9 17.8 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.3 65.8 A 2.4 8.1 A 1.3 6.5 A 1.2 10.6 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.6

16.7 A 1.5 16.6 A 1.5 12.6 A 1.5 23.3 A 1.6 59.7 A 2.1 6.2 A 1.3 9.7 A 1.4 6.6 A 1.0 13.1 A 1.3

Holds IP 13.4 A 1.9 12.6 A 1.8 18.6 A 2.1 21.8 A 2.2 63.4 B 2.8 11.6 A 2.0 9.4 A 2.1 13.9 A 1.9 15.4 A 2.0

Holds Formal IP 11.3 A 2.0 12.5 B 2.5 22.0 B 3.2 25.9 B 3.1 66.7 B 3.6 10.5 A 2.2 5.1 A 1.4 16.1 B 2.9 11.9 A 2.3

No IP 15.5 A 1.3 17.5 A 1.5 12.9 A 1.4 26.7 A 1.7 61.6 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.0 8.0 A 1.1 5.7 A 0.9 12.5 A 1.2

Not familiar with any type of IP 14.2 A 1.2 15.4 A 1.3 15.7 A 1.2 24.6 A 1.5 65.3 A 1.7 7.7 A 1.0 8.7 A 1.1 9.3 A 1.0 13.2 A 1.1

Familiar with at least one type of IP 17.3 B 2.9 18.4 B 2.9 10.7 B 3.0 27.5 B 3.6 49.9 B 3.9 4.1 B 2.5 7.3 A 2.3 3.7 A 1.2 14.3 B 2.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 19.6 B 3.8 11.9 B 2.9 14.8 B 3.1 17.7 B 3.7 59.3 B 4.5 5.3 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.9 13.2 B 3.1

<30 years old 10.2 C 5.3 16.6 B 4.8 9.6 B 3.7 22.4 C 5.6 75.9 C 6.9 2.7 A 1.4 11.6 C 5.7 1.7 A 1.0 7.6 B 3.7

30 to 39 years old 12.2 A 2.0 13.3 A 2.0 14.2 A 2.3 27.4 B 3.0 66.6 B 3.5 7.5 A 1.8 7.1 A 2.2 7.7 A 1.6 12.9 B 2.5

40 to 49 years old 13.8 A 1.9 17.2 A 2.3 18.9 A 2.4 29.3 B 2.7 65.9 B 2.7 8.1 A 1.9 10.9 A 2.0 9.3 A 1.6 11.3 A 1.6

50 to 64 years old 17.8 A 1.8 15.9 A 1.9 11.9 A 1.4 21.2 A 1.9 58.9 A 2.4 4.8 A 0.9 7.2 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.3 15.5 A 1.7

65+ years old 8.3 A 2.1 11.3 B 2.6 15.2 B 4.9 24.1 B 4.8 53.1 C 5.9 10.4 B 4.8 10.2 B 4.1 6.4 A 2.1 14.8 B 3.3

Less than high school 13.0 B 3.5 21.4 B 4.2 8.2 B 3.3 35.0 C 6.1 49.1 C 5.8 1.8 A 0.9 10.0 B 3.2 7.5 B 2.7 12.6 B 3.5

High school 12.8 A 1.9 21.5 B 3.1 13.8 A 2.2 26.6 B 3.1 61.2 B 3.4 5.6 A 1.6 6.4 A 1.6 8.0 A 2.0 12.8 A 2.0

College/Cegep/Trade School 17.3 A 2.2 17.5 A 2.0 13.5 A 1.8 25.5 A 2.2 60.8 B 2.7 4.7 A 1.1 9.2 A 1.7 7.9 A 1.3 12.4 A 1.8

Bachelor's degree 13.8 A 2.0 9.9 A 1.5 15.6 A 2.0 23.2 A 2.3 66.0 B 3.0 8.2 A 1.7 8.6 A 2.2 7.5 A 1.4 15.1 A 2.1

Master's degree or above 13.9 B 2.7 7.7 A 2.4 18.8 B 4.3 18.1 B 3.3 66.0 B 4.5 12.6 B 3.9 10.5 B 3.0 8.7 A 2.2 14.9 B 2.7

In Canada 14.4 A 1.1 16.2 A 1.3 13.2 A 1.1 26.3 A 1.5 60.9 A 1.7 5.6 A 0.8 8.1 A 1.0 7.5 A 0.9 14.4 A 1.2

Outside Canada 15.2 B 2.6 12.9 A 2.2 18.4 B 3.0 20.4 B 2.7 65.7 B 3.5 9.9 B 2.5 10.4 A 2.4 9.2 A 1.7 11.1 A 2.0

0% 11.3 A 1.2 16.3 A 1.7 14.5 A 1.6 24.9 A 1.9 61.9 A 2.2 7.0 A 1.4 7.6 A 1.2 7.2 A 1.1 12.9 A 1.3

1% to 49% 18.0 B 3.4 9.5 A 1.8 16.0 B 3.1 26.9 B 3.7 61.2 B 4.3 5.1 A 2.3 8.8 B 2.6 8.7 B 2.6 15.7 B 2.8

50% 21.9 B 2.5 21.1 B 2.6 13.6 A 2.1 28.6 B 2.7 63.3 B 2.9 7.1 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.4 9.5 A 1.7 13.5 A 2.1

51% to 99% 27.2 D 9.6 10.7 C 5.2 19.1 D 8.0 24.6 D 8.0 68.2 D 9.5 3.8 A 1.8 19.0 D 9.2 3.0 A 1.6 9.7 B 4.3

100% 7.5 A 2.2 7.8 A 2.3 13.0 B 3.0 14.7 B 3.3 59.8 C 5.3 7.0 A 2.1 14.8 B 4.4 8.5 A 2.4 15.7 B 4.3

Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


14.8 B 3.9 15.5 B 3.5 8.2 A 2.0 23.1 B 3.7 67.7 B 5.0 8.2 B 2.8 17.9 B 4.4 12.8 B 3.1 12.6 B 3.4

Co-operatives Co-operatives 24.8 B 2.7 11.6 A 1.8 14.9 A 2.3 25.1 B 2.8 55.8 B 3.0 1.9 A 0.7 7.9 A 1.8 8.7 A 1.5 25.0 B 2.8

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 12.3 A 2.5 13.3 A 2.4 9.4 A 1.7 16.4 B 2.7 69.4 B 3.2 10.5 A 2.2 6.6 A 1.9 12.6 A 2.2 14.6 A 2.5

Not-for-profit 16.6 A 2.2 4.2 A 0.8 12.1 A 1.9 8.4 A 1.4 58.7 B 2.8 4.5 A 1.0 1.7 A 0.6 5.5 A 1.1 23.5 A 2.5

Charity 31.2 B 3.6 4.5 A 0.5 8.3 A 1.4 11.1 A 2.1 53.8 B 3.6 2.1 A 1.2 1.7 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.2 23.3 B 3.5

For-profit 9.9 B 3.0 16.0 B 4.0 12.8 C 5.0 19.5 B 4.1 69.7 C 5.4 6.9 B 3.9 7.2 B 3.1 8.4 B 3.1 8.1 B 3.1

14.7 A 1.1 15.1 A 1.2 15.1 A 1.2 24.4 A 1.4 62.0 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.0 8.0 A 1.0 7.9 A 0.8 14.1 A 1.1

14.0 B 2.5 17.8 B 3.3 9.7 A 2.3 28.4 B 3.6 63.0 B 4.1 3.0 A 1.4 13.5 B 3.1 8.2 A 2.5 9.1 A 2.3




Land and buildings Vehicles/rolling stock

Region

To enter a new market


Other purpose

Intended use of debt financing

Computer hardware or software

Table 7: Intended Use of Debt FinancingSurvey question(s):C.23 When you requested debt financing (non-residential mortgage, term loan, business line of credit, business credit card), what were the intended uses of this financing in 2017?

Notes:C.23 is applicable only to those that requested debt financing in 2017.


Employment Size

Research and development

Debt consolidationsOther machinery or equipment

Working capital/operating

capital such as inventory or paying

suppliers

CMA Level





Location

Export Status


Age of Business






Place of birth

Female Ownership



New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business practices, A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovations




Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 40.7 C 5.0 32.0 B 4.5 28.3 B 4.3 28.6 B 4.8 16.9 B 4.0 30.2 B 4.5 5.4 A 1.6

1 to 4 employees 39.4 C 7.1 27.5 C 6.4 21.2 B 4.8 32.6 C 7.4 6.5 B 3.0 33.6 C 6.6 6.4 A 2.3

5 to 19 employees 45.3 D 7.8 36.9 C 7.1 41.4 D 7.7 21.5 C 6.1 30.5 D 8.0 25.5 C 6.6 4.2 A 2.3

20 to 99 employees 21.9 D 8.0 39.9 E 10.1 7.7 B 4.3 38.9 E 10.0 21.9 D 7.8 29.8 D 9.1 4.2 B 4.2

100 to 499 employees 84.5 E 11.8 34.5 F 21.6 12.1 D 9.6 34.5 F 21.6 12.1 D 9.6 15.5 E 11.8 0.0 A 0.0

Atlantic 23.1 E 11.3 5.0 B 3.1 21.9 E 11.1 39.3 F 19.6 18.1 D 9.7 52.3 F 16.5 1.6 A 1.7

Quebec 53.0 E 13.6 30.5 E 10.8 24.3 D 9.5 21.8 D 8.4 26.0 E 12.9 30.6 E 12.5 0.8 A 0.6

Ontario 40.0 D 8.0 24.2 C 7.2 26.3 C 5.9 33.4 D 8.6 13.0 B 4.3 25.4 C 6.2 7.8 B 3.1

Northern Ontario 10.5 D 8.0 26.9 F 19.4 20.6 F 15.7 30.5 F 20.0 35.4 F 21.9 29.3 F 19.8 41.1 F 27.1

Southern Ontario 41.5 D 8.3 24.1 C 7.5 26.6 C 6.2 33.5 D 9.0 11.9 B 4.3 25.2 C 6.5 6.2 B 2.6

Prairies 40.2 D 7.9 36.3 D 7.9 26.1 C 7.4 25.8 C 6.9 15.4 C 6.1 30.6 D 8.4 9.7 B 4.3

Manitoba 55.7 F 17.5 53.0 F 17.4 20.0 E 12.5 41.2 F 16.4 20.6 E 14.3 23.6 F 18.4 6.9 C 6.8

Saskatchewan 48.0 F 19.4 19.5 F 15.9 11.3 E 10.6 40.4 F 20.0 11.3 E 10.9 12.1 E 10.4 10.9 E 10.5

Alberta 30.6 D 9.2 31.4 D 9.6 32.4 E 10.3 15.0 C 6.3 13.6 C 6.9 38.1 E 10.6 10.8 C 6.2

British Columbia and Territories 34.8 E 13.8 56.5 E 13.8 42.6 E 14.4 24.0 E 12.4 18.3 E 14.0 34.5 E 12.7 0.0 A 0.0

St. John's .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Halifax 5.5 C 6.0 5.5 C 6.0 5.5 C 6.0 100.0 A 0.0 20.5 F 19.9 79.5 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0

Quebec 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Montreal 38.2 F 16.8 41.2 F 15.6 34.5 E 14.0 22.2 E 11.1 13.2 D 8.9 38.2 F 16.6 0.0 A 0.0

Ottawa-Gatineau 69.8 F 15.5 17.7 E 10.8 14.3 D 9.4 24.4 E 13.4 12.2 D 8.3 38.1 F 24.5 3.1 B 3.3

Toronto 38.6 E 12.8 31.1 E 12.2 23.1 D 8.1 45.6 E 13.4 6.7 C 5.5 22.6 D 9.3 4.9 B 3.8

Kingston 77.1 F 18.4 3.6 B 3.2 32.1 F 25.8 35.6 F 25.9 71.8 F 19.6 24.6 F 18.9 0.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 28.0 F 18.9 0.0 A 0.0 41.2 F 22.6 22.0 F 19.1 0.0 A 0.0 68.7 F 19.9 12.1 E 11.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 82.7 E 14.8 0.0 A 0.0 63.6 F 24.9 10.6 E 11.4 0.0 A 0.0 11.5 E 12.3 0.0 A 0.0

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 18.1 F 20.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 81.9 F 20.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

London 54.7 F 29.5 63.3 F 30.1 36.7 F 30.1 0.0 A 0.0 17.9 F 19.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 75.8 F 24.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 24.2 F 24.6 0.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 30.0 F 28.7 32.6 F 29.4 32.6 F 29.4 30.0 F 28.7 67.4 F 29.4 30.0 F 28.7 0.0 A 0.0

Winnipeg 41.5 F 18.4 48.4 F 19.3 26.4 F 16.0 32.8 F 15.8 5.6 C 5.8 31.2 F 22.1 9.1 D 8.9

Calgary 34.1 E 13.6 50.1 E 15.0 38.7 F 15.4 16.1 D 9.1 24.6 E 12.1 37.2 F 15.3 10.6 D 7.6

Edmonton 32.7 F 19.8 5.4 C 5.6 44.6 F 20.5 31.1 F 17.7 0.0 A 0.0 25.6 F 15.9 0.0 A 0.0

Vancouver 36.2 F 18.1 65.0 F 19.2 56.3 F 17.3 29.5 F 17.9 26.6 F 19.9 49.1 F 18.3 0.0 A 0.0

Victoria 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

47.0 F 27.5 13.9 E 12.4 0.2 A 0.2 14.6 E 12.6 3.2 B 3.1 37.6 F 26.9 6.8 C 7.3

39.7 E 13.8 24.1 E 10.9 39.4 E 13.5 8.3 B 4.5 44.3 E 14.2 19.8 D 8.7 4.2 B 2.8

45.3 E 11.6 39.4 E 11.5 32.5 E 10.8 36.6 E 11.0 8.5 C 5.6 14.1 D 7.6 6.4 C 5.4

33.3 F 17.8 65.4 F 16.7 49.7 F 20.3 74.2 E 14.2 25.8 F 16.9 35.0 F 18.1 0.0 A 0.0

26.6 E 11.6 40.6 E 12.0 15.8 E 10.6 29.2 E 12.0 15.0 C 7.1 61.8 E 11.1 4.6 B 4.2

51.4 E 11.7 25.5 D 9.7 57.4 E 11.0 9.7 C 5.4 19.3 E 12.0 32.2 E 10.5 2.8 B 2.8

41.0 F 17.1 32.7 E 13.7 33.3 E 13.0 1.0 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 30.1 E 12.4 4.0 B 4.0

34.4 E 12.9 27.0 D 9.7 22.7 D 9.3 25.6 D 9.5 17.9 D 7.9 35.6 E 13.0 4.4 B 2.7

47.6 E 11.9 34.5 E 11.4 36.2 E 11.5 31.8 E 11.2 12.9 C 6.3 20.8 D 8.5 18.7 D 9.3

49.0 F 15.5 31.0 E 13.8 13.4 D 8.1 66.6 E 12.3 5.5 B 2.9 9.9 C 6.5 4.5 B 4.5

Tourism 11.2 D 7.7 66.7 F 20.0 6.2 C 6.2 31.2 F 19.4 2.1 A 2.2 32.3 F 19.9 7.2 C 7.3

Information and Communication 43.6 F 19.3 69.9 F 17.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 30.1 F 17.7

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 80.9 F 18.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.1 E 10.9 10.0 E 11.9

Rural 46.8 E 11.7 8.7 C 5.6 20.7 D 9.2 19.9 D 7.9 10.2 C 5.6 30.0 D 8.9 6.5 B 4.0

Urban 39.5 C 5.5 36.5 C 5.2 29.8 B 4.9 30.3 C 5.5 18.2 B 4.6 30.2 C 5.1 5.2 A 1.7

Exporter 36.7 E 11.6 27.5 E 10.4 29.7 D 10.0 18.4 C 7.0 8.5 B 4.6 55.0 E 12.3 5.8 B 4.1

Non-exporter 41.2 C 5.5 32.6 B 4.9 28.1 B 4.8 30.0 C 5.3 18.0 B 4.5 26.8 B 4.5 5.3 A 1.7

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 20.4 D 9.1 33.2 E 11.6 27.1 E 11.4 17.7 D 7.8 11.1 D 7.5 46.5 E 12.5 5.0 B 3.6

61.3 E 13.8 22.9 E 14.4 6.4 B 4.4 5.4 B 3.6 5.0 B 3.7 35.8 E 14.0 3.6 B 3.6

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 34.3 D 7.6 40.0 D 8.1 17.6 C 5.4 39.7 D 9.3 15.0 C 5.0 29.0 D 7.6 7.8 B 4.0

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 71.4 E 12.6 16.0 D 8.5 34.9 E 14.2 26.9 E 11.4 40.0 F 16.4 21.8 E 12.0 0.0 A 0.0

37.9 E 13.7 14.1 C 6.8 9.4 C 6.4 36.1 F 15.7 8.0 B 4.3 20.7 D 9.8 10.1 C 5.7

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 38.1 E 10.5 47.9 D 9.9 63.4 D 9.0 29.0 E 10.7 11.8 C 5.8 33.1 E 10.8 6.4 B 3.9

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 35.7 C 7.4 31.3 C 7.0 22.8 C 6.3 25.0 C 7.4 14.6 C 5.7 37.3 C 7.4 4.1 A 2.1

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 43.0 E 13.0 17.8 C 7.4 26.6 E 10.6 33.0 E 12.5 15.2 D 7.7 14.7 C 6.0 9.3 C 5.1

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 54.0 E 10.2 33.9 D 9.2 14.1 C 6.2 33.4 D 9.5 29.0 E 11.7 24.0 D 8.4 4.0 B 2.9

35.1 D 9.7 34.9 D 9.5 39.8 E 10.6 39.4 E 10.8 28.5 D 9.9 30.5 D 9.5 2.6 A 1.8

32.0 E 10.9 26.9 D 9.7 51.5 E 12.4 15.9 C 7.3 35.5 E 13.6 25.8 E 10.5 0.3 A 0.3

33.0 E 10.6 32.0 D 9.2 43.4 E 10.8 12.2 B 4.5 14.5 D 7.8 35.4 E 10.4 0.3 A 0.3

44.6 D 9.3 32.1 D 7.8 32.5 D 8.9 21.5 C 6.4 23.3 D 7.9 34.2 D 8.9 5.2 B 3.0

36.3 D 7.9 36.7 D 7.7 37.6 D 8.4 33.5 D 8.5 24.2 D 7.6 29.7 C 7.4 3.5 A 1.8

41.0 C 6.7 29.0 C 5.9 20.9 B 4.2 26.5 C 6.1 13.3 B 4.6 29.9 C 5.8 7.0 A 2.4

Holds IP 34.8 D 9.6 39.9 D 9.1 20.0 C 6.0 29.3 E 10.2 16.7 C 5.3 28.7 D 8.3 5.0 B 2.7

Holds Formal IP 27.5 E 10.7 40.8 E 13.3 20.2 D 8.9 17.9 D 8.2 28.5 E 11.3 37.5 E 14.2 3.6 B 3.5

No IP 40.8 C 6.1 29.2 C 5.5 30.0 C 5.5 29.3 C 5.8 17.8 C 5.3 30.3 C 5.5 5.9 A 2.0

Not familiar with any type of IP 38.4 C 5.7 34.4 C 5.1 27.4 B 4.6 25.7 C 5.1 15.5 B 4.0 33.5 C 5.3 5.0 A 1.7

Familiar with at least one type of IP 41.9 E 12.1 24.7 E 10.9 27.4 E 11.4 40.5 E 12.6 23.9 E 11.4 18.3 C 7.4 7.5 B 4.4

Procurement Did business with Federal government 60.8 F 19.8 15.2 E 13.5 15.2 E 13.5 30.4 F 17.5 15.2 E 13.5 54.4 F 19.4 0.0 A 0.0

<30 years old 14.8 E 11.4 48.9 F 30.5 96.2 B 4.2 11.1 D 9.4 52.2 F 30.3 6.2 C 6.8 0.0 A 0.0

30 to 39 years old 16.3 C 5.8 32.1 D 9.6 19.4 C 6.4 26.8 E 11.7 9.1 B 3.9 36.7 E 12.1 2.8 A 2.2

40 to 49 years old 54.1 D 8.4 37.2 D 8.3 31.4 D 8.1 21.5 C 7.1 20.9 D 7.5 20.6 C 5.7 4.8 A 2.3

50 to 64 years old 40.6 D 8.0 26.3 C 6.7 28.1 C 6.9 35.7 D 8.4 12.7 C 6.4 38.5 D 7.8 6.1 B 2.6

65+ years old 42.9 F 17.6 30.0 F 17.3 12.8 D 8.9 41.3 F 17.3 36.7 F 17.4 20.7 E 11.3 17.5 F 15.3

Less than high school 25.0 E 10.2 16.2 D 8.7 32.1 E 11.9 28.1 E 14.3 12.0 C 7.5 46.9 E 13.7 13.1 D 8.2

High school 37.4 E 10.7 25.4 D 7.9 29.8 E 10.1 28.3 E 10.1 29.6 E 11.6 23.0 C 7.0 3.4 A 2.1

College/Cegep/Trade School 40.4 D 8.7 28.9 D 7.9 19.0 C 6.1 24.7 D 9.1 14.6 C 5.7 33.3 D 8.9 6.9 B 3.4

Bachelor's degree 42.2 E 10.4 43.0 D 9.6 35.1 D 9.6 35.3 D 9.4 16.4 C 5.7 25.4 D 9.3 6.1 B 3.8

Master's degree or above 52.9 E 13.3 41.1 E 13.9 33.0 E 11.6 27.3 E 14.2 2.7 A 1.8 34.7 E 12.6 0.7 A 0.7

In Canada 39.9 C 6.0 30.5 C 5.3 28.8 C 5.3 24.6 B 4.9 21.5 C 5.6 24.7 B 4.6 6.0 A 2.0

Outside Canada 42.1 D 9.0 34.6 D 8.3 27.5 C 7.5 35.6 D 9.7 8.9 B 4.0 39.7 D 9.1 4.3 B 2.5

0% 50.4 C 6.8 33.7 C 6.5 35.8 C 6.2 24.8 C 6.2 16.7 C 5.5 35.8 C 6.7 5.1 A 2.1

1% to 49% 38.3 F 17.5 7.3 B 4.9 28.2 F 18.8 12.7 C 6.7 34.2 F 18.4 17.0 D 8.7 10.1 C 6.7

50% 34.5 D 8.9 46.4 D 9.1 16.2 C 5.6 28.6 D 8.3 17.3 C 6.5 31.8 D 8.8 4.1 A 2.1

51% to 99% 0.0 A 0.0 21.6 F 18.4 19.3 F 19.2 59.1 F 27.3 1.7 A 2.0 36.6 F 25.9 0.0 A 0.0

100% 30.0 E 12.5 25.6 E 11.6 21.8 D 9.6 46.9 F 15.9 7.4 B 4.3 10.4 C 5.9 7.3 C 7.0

Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


40.7 C 5.0 32.0 B 4.5 28.3 B 4.3 28.6 B 4.8 16.9 B 4.0 30.2 B 4.5 5.4 A 1.6

Co-operatives Co-operatives 76.9 E 13.3 50.1 F 17.1 52.8 F 16.9 20.4 E 11.3 43.5 F 16.3 23.1 E 13.3 0.0 A 0.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 44.4 E 13.7 19.8 D 10.0 16.0 E 12.1 19.8 D 10.0 8.7 C 6.3 31.0 E 12.0 0.0 A 0.0

Not-for-profit 19.4 D 9.3 52.2 D 9.8 19.4 D 9.3 46.3 D 9.6 0.0 A 0.0 53.7 D 9.6 0.0 A 0.0

Charity 0.0 A 0.0 47.3 D 9.2 0.0 A 0.0 47.3 D 9.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 52.7 D 9.2

For-profit 41.5 F 15.1 43.2 E 15.0 14.4 D 8.0 48.6 E 15.0 9.1 D 8.1 18.6 E 10.0 14.0 E 12.6

40.6 C 5.3 31.2 B 4.7 28.3 B 4.5 27.3 C 5.0 16.9 B 4.2 30.8 B 4.7 5.0 A 1.6

41.8 E 12.9 46.5 E 12.8 28.2 E 12.2 51.8 E 12.5 16.5 D 7.9 18.5 D 8.2 12.6 C 7.3


Social Enterprises

Project was considered too risky





CMA Level

Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)

Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)

Location


Table 8: Reasons Given by Credit Provider for Turning Down Debt Financing RequestSurvey question(s):C.4. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down the request for this mortgage? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)C.10. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down the request for this business line of credit or increase in the current credit limit? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)C.15. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down the request for this term loan? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)C.21. What reasons were given by the credit provider for turning down this request for a business credit card or increase in the current credit card limit? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:C.4, C.10, C.15 and C.21. are applicable only to those that requested debt financing and were turned down in 2017.


Reason given by credit provider

Business operates in an unstable industry

Other reason

Employment Size

Region

Insufficient collateral Poor or lack of credit experience or history

Insufficient sales or cash-flow

Export Status


No reason given by credit provider





Age of Business


Female Ownership






Place of birth

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE





100 to 499 employees 21.7 B 2.8 98.1 A 1.1 1.6 A 1.0 99.7 A 0.2

Atlantic 6.4 A 0.9 97.7 A 1.8 2.3 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0

Quebec 7.3 A 0.9 99.0 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.4 99.4 A 0.6

Ontario 7.5 A 0.6 96.4 A 1.4 3.3 A 1.4 99.7 A 0.2

Northern Ontario 10.4 A 1.8 97.1 A 2.2 2.9 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0

Southern Ontario 7.4 A 0.6 96.4 A 1.5 3.3 A 1.5 99.7 A 0.2

Prairies 6.6 A 0.8 96.1 A 1.6 3.2 A 1.5 99.3 A 0.6

Manitoba 8.6 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Saskatchewan 7.8 A 1.5 83.1 C 7.2 16.9 C 7.2 100.0 A 0.0

Alberta 5.9 A 1.0 98.8 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 98.8 A 1.0

British Columbia and Territories 7.1 A 1.1 98.9 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.5 99.5 A 0.4

St. John's 3.4 B 2.7 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Halifax 7.9 B 3.1 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Quebec 10.7 B 3.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Montreal 6.3 A 1.1 99.5 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.5 100.0 A 0.0

Ottawa-Gatineau 7.3 A 2.1 94.5 C 5.5 5.5 C 5.5 100.0 A 0.0

Toronto 8.5 A 1.0 96.9 A 2.2 3.0 A 2.2 99.9 A 0.1

Kingston 3.9 A 1.6 75.0 F 20.1 0.0 A 0.0 75.0 F 20.1

Hamilton 7.7 B 3.5 98.0 A 2.2 2.0 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0

St. Catharines-Niagara 6.6 A 2.1 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 3.9 A 1.7 94.2 C 5.8 5.8 C 5.8 100.0 A 0.0

London 4.9 A 2.0 95.5 B 4.6 0.0 A 0.0 95.5 B 4.6

Windsor 7.9 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 3.9 A 1.6 97.6 A 2.0 2.4 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0

Winnipeg 7.2 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Calgary 7.1 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Edmonton 3.9 A 1.4 93.3 C 5.7 0.0 A 0.0 93.3 C 5.7

Vancouver 7.6 A 1.9 98.8 A 1.1 1.1 A 1.1 99.9 A 0.1

Victoria 6.4 B 2.7 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

9.2 A 1.3 95.0 B 2.7 4.5 B 2.6 99.5 A 0.5

8.8 A 1.3 99.0 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.7 100.0 A 0.0

7.1 A 0.9 98.4 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.9 100.0 A 0.0

9.4 A 1.2 94.2 B 3.4 5.8 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0

4.7 A 0.8 94.5 B 3.0 5.3 B 3.0 99.8 A 0.2

13.2 A 1.6 95.5 A 2.1 2.4 A 1.7 97.9 A 1.2

6.5 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

4.8 A 0.8 97.7 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 97.7 A 2.3

5.5 A 1.0 99.9 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

6.3 A 1.0 97.2 A 2.2 2.5 A 2.2 99.7 A 0.3

Tourism 8.3 A 2.3 99.9 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 99.9 A 0.2

Information and Communication 3.4 A 1.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 2.5 A 0.9 99.5 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.4 100.0 A 0.0

Rural 8.0 A 0.8 96.4 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.4 99.8 A 0.2

Urban 7.0 A 0.4 97.7 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.7 99.5 A 0.2

Exporter 9.7 A 1.2 98.7 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.6 99.5 A 0.3


High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 9.8 A 1.7 97.8 A 1.9 2.2 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0

7.0 A 1.0 93.9 B 3.9 6.1 B 3.9 100.0 A 0.0


No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 5.5 A 0.8 99.6 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 99.6 A 0.4

4.4 A 0.7 98.7 A 1.1 1.3 A 1.1 100.0 A 0.0

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 8.5 A 1.3 98.4 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.6 99.1 A 0.5

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 6.4 A 0.7 97.8 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.9 99.6 A 0.4

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 6.6 A 0.7 95.3 A 2.0 4.0 A 1.9 99.2 A 0.6

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 8.1 A 0.6 98.2 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.7 99.9 A 0.1

10.8 A 1.2 98.9 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.8 99.8 A 0.1

10.5 A 1.4 98.2 A 1.2 1.5 A 1.2 99.8 A 0.2

11.7 A 1.5 98.8 A 1.0 1.2 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0

9.8 A 1.3 97.9 A 1.3 1.2 A 1.1 99.0 A 0.7

9.9 A 0.8 98.9 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.5 99.6 A 0.3

6.1 A 0.4 96.7 A 1.0 2.8 A 1.0 99.5 A 0.3

Holds IP 9.4 A 0.8 99.1 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.5 100.0 A 0.0

Holds Formal IP 10.6 A 1.4 99.2 A 0.7 0.7 A 0.6 99.9 A 0.1

No IP 6.5 A 0.5 96.8 A 0.9 2.5 A 0.9 99.3 A 0.3


Familiar with at least one type of IP 6.7 A 0.9 95.5 A 2.3 3.4 A 2.2 98.9 A 0.7

Procurement Did business with Federal government 16.3 A 2.1 98.6 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 98.6 A 1.3

<30 years old 11.6 B 2.8 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

30 to 39 years old 6.3 A 0.9 96.3 A 2.1 3.4 A 2.0 99.7 A 0.3

40 to 49 years old 9.4 A 1.0 96.8 A 1.4 3.1 A 1.4 99.8 A 0.2

50 to 64 years old 6.2 A 0.5 97.8 A 0.8 1.3 A 0.6 99.1 A 0.4

65+ years old 6.6 A 1.0 98.5 A 1.0 1.5 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0

Less than high school 9.7 A 1.8 98.1 A 1.4 1.9 A 1.4 100.0 A 0.0

High school 7.7 A 0.9 97.8 A 1.0 1.7 A 0.8 99.4 A 0.4

College/Cegep/Trade School 6.6 A 0.6 96.9 A 1.2 2.3 A 1.1 99.2 A 0.5

Bachelor's degree 7.1 A 0.7 98.7 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.7 99.8 A 0.1

Master's degree or above 6.4 A 1.1 95.0 B 3.2 4.6 B 3.2 99.5 A 0.4

In Canada 7.7 A 0.5 97.4 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.7 99.5 A 0.2

Outside Canada 5.5 A 0.7 97.7 A 1.3 1.9 A 1.3 99.6 A 0.3

0% 7.8 A 0.6 97.6 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.8 99.4 A 0.3

1% to 49% 8.3 A 1.3 97.1 A 2.0 2.8 A 2.0 99.9 A 0.1

50% 6.6 A 0.8 96.7 A 1.4 2.8 A 1.3 99.6 A 0.2

51% to 99% 10.3 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

100% 4.2 A 0.8 97.1 A 2.4 2.9 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0

Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


9.7 A 2.1 99.2 A 0.6 0.1 A 0.1 99.3 A 0.6

Co-operatives Co-operatives 6.4 A 1.0 96.9 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 96.9 A 1.8

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 13.0 A 1.7 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Not-for-profit 4.0 A 0.4 95.3 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 95.3 A 0.8

Charity 10.9 A 1.2 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

For-profit 9.5 A 2.2 97.8 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 97.8 A 1.8

7.4 A 0.4 97.6 A 0.7 2.1 A 0.6 99.6 A 0.2

5.4 A 0.9 96.0 A 2.0 2.7 A 1.6 98.7 A 1.3


Age of Business





Location

Export Status

Growth




CMA Level

Overall approval rate (full or partial)

Requested lease financing in 2017

Approved


Table 9: Lease FinancingSurvey question(s):D.1. In 2017, did your business seek a new contract to lease any material or equipment?D.3. What was the outcome of this lease financing request?

Notes: D.1 is applicable to all respondents. D.3 is applicable only to those that requested lease financing in 2017.


Employment Size

Region

Full amount was authorized

Partial amount was authorized

Outcome of lease financing request



Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real






Place of birth

Female Ownership




Social Enterprises

$ Qua

lity

CV $ Qua

lity

CV $ Qua

lity

CV $ Qua

lity

CV % Qua

lity

CV

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 5,696,454,792 B 9.0 5,545,663,718 B 9.1 108,658 B 7.6 105,782 B 7.7 97.4 A 0.9

1 to 4 employees 1,155,627,767 D 17.4 1,119,408,907 D 17.9 71,813 C 12.8 69,563 C 13.2 96.9 A 1.4



100 to 499 employees 768,304,776 D 17.9 744,821,932 D 16.9 264,926 D 17.7 256,829 D 16.6 96.9 A 2.5

Atlantic 243,217,803 E 25.1 222,784,242 E 25.1 83,265 D 22.5 76,269 D 22.6 91.6 D 7.7

Quebec 1,097,018,161 D 21.9 1,073,741,375 D 21.7 92,218 D 20.6 90,262 D 20.4 97.9 A 1.8

Ontario 1,797,275,214 C 12.8 1,733,342,718 C 12.9 92,476 C 11.2 89,187 C 11.3 96.4 A 2.1

Northern Ontario 206,548,548 D 23.6 206,040,262 D 23.7 127,624 D 16.8 127,310 D 16.9 99.8 A 0.1

Southern Ontario 1,590,726,665 C 14.2 1,527,302,456 C 14.3 89,283 C 12.4 85,724 C 12.6 96.0 A 2.4

Prairies 1,443,783,959 D 19.0 1,422,676,662 D 19.2 148,735 D 15.4 146,560 D 15.6 98.5 A 0.8

Manitoba 100,009,860 E 27.4 100,009,860 E 27.4 51,566 D 23.9 51,566 D 23.9 100.0 A 0.0

Saskatchewan 326,691,270 D 24.2 314,999,530 D 24.0 180,170 D 15.8 173,722 D 15.4 96.4 A 2.4

Alberta 1,017,082,829 E 25.7 1,007,667,272 E 26.0 170,812 D 20.6 169,231 D 20.8 99.1 A 0.8

British Columbia and Territories 1,115,159,655 D 24.2 1,093,118,721 D 24.7 131,717 D 17.0 129,113 D 17.3 98.0 A 1.1

St. John's 606,648 F 81.9 606,648 F 81.9 4,790 A 4.7 4,790 A 4.7 100.0 A 0.0

Halifax 29,010,056 F 37.9 29,010,056 F 37.9 48,969 C 12.3 48,969 C 12.3 100.0 A 0.0

Quebec 145,788,948 F 50.5 145,788,948 F 50.5 99,065 F 35.6 99,065 F 35.6 100.0 A 0.0

Montreal 417,032,857 E 29.7 394,780,978 E 28.0 88,487 E 29.5 83,765 E 27.5 94.7 B 4.2

Ottawa-Gatineau 122,118,550 F 35.3 121,415,101 F 35.5 72,259 E 26.3 71,843 E 26.5 99.4 A 0.6

Toronto 800,937,024 E 25.1 789,629,849 E 25.5 82,048 D 22.2 80,889 D 22.5 98.6 A 1.2

Kingston 7,720,037 F 47.4 7,720,037 F 47.4 81,215 F 44.8 81,215 F 44.8 100.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 104,443,722 E 32.4 104,123,336 E 32.5 99,968 F 38.2 99,661 F 38.2 99.7 A 0.3

St. Catharines-Niagara 39,889,867 F 48.4 39,889,867 F 48.4 82,103 F 41.8 82,103 F 41.8 100.0 A 0.0

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 38,326,714 F 45.4 37,894,895 F 45.8 102,804 D 16.1 101,646 D 16.3 98.9 A 1.1

London 16,777,170 F 41.4 13,431,069 F 45.7 37,816 D 24.8 30,273 D 22.9 80.1 F 17.1

Windsor 46,803,074 F 38.5 46,803,074 F 38.5 104,664 F 43.7 104,664 F 43.7 100.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 15,731,708 E 35.0 15,516,716 F 35.4 176,954 E 32.9 174,536 E 33.1 98.6 A 1.1

Winnipeg 39,281,823 E 32.1 39,281,823 E 32.1 36,057 D 24.0 36,057 D 24.0 100.0 A 0.0

Calgary 175,878,939 F 42.6 175,878,939 F 42.6 84,116 E 27.0 84,116 E 27.0 100.0 A 0.0

Edmonton 201,631,050 F 47.7 192,215,493 F 49.9 196,121 E 33.1 186,963 F 35.1 95.3 B 4.3

Vancouver 407,270,147 F 36.2 395,905,824 F 37.1 98,412 D 22.8 95,666 D 23.3 97.2 A 2.4

Victoria 23,953,944 F 42.2 23,953,944 F 42.2 36,180 D 19.8 36,180 D 19.8 100.0 A 0.0

824,109,782 E 30.6 798,914,035 E 31.4 196,399 D 24.6 190,395 E 25.4 96.9 B 2.6

1,109,796,883 D 23.7 1,100,852,348 D 23.9 104,370 D 18.8 103,529 D 18.9 99.2 A 0.8

427,890,165 E 25.6 405,240,788 D 23.4 144,248 D 24.2 136,613 D 21.6 94.7 B 4.1

593,692,367 D 21.3 537,401,545 D 21.4 167,828 D 17.2 151,915 D 17.6 90.5 C 5.9

194,179,042 E 27.0 191,976,620 E 27.3 48,661 D 24.9 48,109 E 25.1 98.9 A 0.7

867,354,085 C 13.4 834,763,362 C 13.8 158,444 B 8.9 152,491 B 9.3 96.2 A 1.7

243,256,885 D 16.8 243,256,885 D 16.8 35,811 C 12.7 35,811 C 12.7 100.0 A 0.0

123,179,673 F 35.2 122,518,366 F 35.3 42,408 E 34.6 42,180 E 34.8 99.5 A 0.6

128,574,588 E 31.6 127,810,851 E 31.8 46,487 D 24.4 46,211 D 24.6 99.4 A 0.3

1,184,421,323 D 23.9 1,182,928,918 D 23.9 129,245 D 18.9 129,082 D 18.9 99.9 A 0.1

Tourism 236,788,947 E 35.0 234,435,574 F 35.3 104,044 E 32.4 103,009 E 32.6 99.0 A 1.0

Information and Communication 744,414,773 F 88.1 744,414,773 F 88.1 750,828 F 59.1 750,828 F 59.1 100.0 A 0.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 52,441,938 F 50.0 52,284,966 F 50.1 90,650 F 36.9 90,379 F 37.0 99.7 A 0.3

Rural 1,389,139,654 D 19.8 1,345,703,631 D 20.2 122,513 D 16.5 118,682 D 16.9 96.9 B 2.6

Urban 4,307,315,138 C 10.4 4,199,960,087 C 10.5 104,835 B 8.7 102,222 B 8.8 97.5 A 0.8

Exporter 979,405,558 C 14.0 935,567,043 C 13.3 118,352 C 14.8 113,055 C 14.0 95.5 A 2.1

Non-exporter 4,717,049,234 C 10.5 4,610,096,675 C 10.6 106,841 B 8.7 104,419 B 8.9 97.7 A 1.0

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 525,683,082 D 22.6 524,659,248 D 22.7 102,507 D 20.3 102,307 D 20.3 99.8 A 0.2

519,116,149 D 21.5 498,798,024 D 22.1 93,104 D 17.7 89,460 D 18.3 96.1 B 2.5

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 2,801,094,964 C 14.2 2,694,967,755 C 14.5 117,594 C 11.7 113,138 C 11.9 96.2 A 1.7

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 861,108,802 E 25.5 861,108,802 E 25.5 117,189 D 22.6 117,189 D 22.6 100.0 A 0.0

463,093,774 F 39.5 462,737,981 F 39.5 121,924 E 32.3 121,830 E 32.3 99.9 A 0.1

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 495,883,683 D 21.8 482,333,127 D 22.3 84,419 C 14.4 82,112 C 14.8 97.3 A 1.5

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 1,326,522,818 D 16.6 1,286,399,224 D 17.0 85,437 C 14.2 82,853 C 14.5 97.0 A 1.8

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 1,413,007,656 D 21.2 1,376,477,221 D 21.3 113,324 D 18.5 110,394 D 18.5 97.4 A 1.6

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 2,461,040,634 C 14.4 2,400,454,146 C 14.6 132,627 C 11.3 129,362 C 11.4 97.5 A 1.6

1,582,300,665 D 18.5 1,517,484,141 D 18.8 111,940 D 15.2 107,355 D 15.3 95.9 B 2.6

1,147,214,300 D 21.3 1,081,669,448 D 21.6 128,375 D 19.9 121,040 D 20.0 94.3 B 3.5

941,406,973 D 17.8 904,524,605 D 17.9 92,836 C 14.1 89,199 C 14.1 96.1 B 3.7

737,982,245 D 18.8 694,658,167 D 19.0 80,047 D 15.8 75,348 D 15.8 94.1 B 4.7

2,149,893,810 C 14.6 2,083,437,142 C 14.7 101,705 C 12.2 98,561 C 12.2 96.9 A 1.9

3,382,941,005 C 12.3 3,310,628,413 C 12.5 117,483 C 10.2 114,972 C 10.4 97.9 A 0.8

Holds IP 1,974,981,655 D 15.2 1,964,007,871 D 15.3 113,194 C 13.1 112,565 C 13.2 99.4 A 0.5

Holds Formal IP 840,493,263 D 16.6 830,718,576 D 16.7 120,151 D 15.6 118,753 D 15.7 98.8 A 1.1

No IP 3,557,853,160 C 11.8 3,430,057,684 C 12.0 109,520 B 9.8 105,586 B 9.9 96.4 A 1.4

Not familiar with any type of IP 4,187,405,460 B 9.8 4,090,594,253 B 9.8 105,728 B 8.6 103,284 B 8.6 97.7 A 1.0

Familiar with at least one type of IP 1,345,429,355 D 22.7 1,303,471,302 D 23.3 130,267 D 16.8 126,205 D 17.3 96.9 A 1.8

Procurement Did business with Federal government 133,391,125 D 20.6 133,391,125 D 20.6 137,365 D 16.8 137,365 D 16.8 100.0 A 0.0

<30 years old 103,163,451 E 31.7 103,163,451 E 31.7 69,846 D 21.4 69,846 D 21.4 100.0 A 0.0

30 to 39 years old 924,530,737 E 30.3 910,384,227 E 30.7 141,982 D 24.5 139,810 D 25.0 98.5 A 1.2

40 to 49 years old 1,846,745,679 D 18.1 1,797,816,685 D 18.3 106,488 D 15.9 103,667 D 16.0 97.4 A 1.3

50 to 64 years old 2,213,709,917 C 11.3 2,126,665,517 C 11.5 104,562 B 9.0 100,451 B 9.1 96.1 A 1.9

65+ years old 608,305,008 E 27.0 607,633,838 E 27.1 102,698 D 19.4 102,584 D 19.4 99.9 A 0.1

Less than high school 650,571,049 E 29.8 639,477,873 E 30.0 140,073 D 18.8 137,684 D 18.7 98.3 A 1.6

High school 1,470,631,326 D 18.0 1,430,450,177 D 18.4 110,231 D 15.5 107,220 D 15.8 97.3 A 1.6

College/Cegep/Trade School 1,493,426,599 D 17.8 1,424,545,882 D 18.3 105,291 D 15.3 100,435 D 15.8 95.4 B 2.6

Bachelor's degree 1,476,495,463 D 19.8 1,448,019,877 D 19.8 111,473 D 17.1 109,323 D 17.1 98.1 A 1.4

Master's degree or above 605,330,355 D 19.2 603,169,909 D 19.3 86,347 C 13.3 86,039 C 13.3 99.6 A 0.2

In Canada 4,757,657,041 C 10.1 4,631,073,778 C 10.2 112,299 B 8.7 109,311 B 8.8 97.3 A 1.0

Outside Canada 938,797,751 D 20.4 914,589,940 D 20.9 93,327 C 14.9 90,920 D 15.4 97.4 A 1.3

0% 3,267,229,948 C 12.7 3,188,000,532 C 12.8 107,987 C 10.7 105,369 C 10.8 97.6 A 1.0

1% to 49% 865,776,401 D 17.6 818,291,798 D 17.7 140,434 C 14.1 132,731 C 14.0 94.5 B 4.1

50% 961,914,464 D 22.0 938,972,677 D 22.4 94,901 D 18.9 92,637 D 19.1 97.6 A 1.3

51% to 99% 292,767,667 F 62.5 292,767,667 F 62.5 155,117 F 47.8 155,117 F 47.8 100.0 A 0.0

100% 308,766,312 E 28.3 307,631,044 E 28.4 77,556 D 23.2 77,271 D 23.3 99.6 A 0.3

Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


147,703,777 E 30.7 141,591,409 E 31.9 73,879 D 23.7 70,821 D 24.5 95.9 B 3.3

Co-operatives Co-operatives 6,542,868 E 26.5 6,450,645 E 26.9 137,927 D 20.1 135,983 D 20.5 98.6 A 0.9

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 12,715,031 D 21.5 12,715,031 D 21.5 78,232 D 16.7 78,232 D 16.7 100.0 A 0.0

Not-for-profit 698,981 D 18.7 698,981 D 18.7 34,095 D 15.4 34,095 D 15.4 100.0 A 0.0

Charity 1,572,307 C 12.1 1,572,307 C 12.1 60,198 C 11.9 60,198 C 11.9 100.0 A 0.0

For-profit 423,292,650 F 46.5 411,523,720 F 47.8 129,018 F 38.0 125,431 F 39.2 97.2 A 2.3

5,365,082,282 B 9.5 5,226,126,079 B 9.6 113,821 B 8.0 110,874 B 8.1 97.4 A 0.9

331,372,510 E 27.4 319,537,638 E 27.0 62,649 E 25.2 60,411 D 24.7 96.4 B 2.9


New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business practices,


Age of Business

Innovation Activities developed or introduced A new way of selling your goods or services

At least one of the 4 above innovations


Location

Export Status


Region

CMA Level



Construction (NAICS 23)Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11),



Employment Size

Table 10: Amount of Lease Financing Requested and AuthorizedSurvey question(s):D.2. For your business’ largest request for lease financing in 2017, what was the total value of the asset you requested to lease? D.3. What was the outcome of this lease financing request?

Notes:D.2 and D.3 are applicable only to those that requested lease financing in 2017.


Lease financing

Total amount requestedTotal amount

authorized


requested









Place of birth

Female Ownership

Social Enterprises


% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 42.9 B 2.7 7.9 A 1.5 46.1 B 2.7 3.1 A 0.8

1 to 4 employees 48.9 C 5.4 8.9 B 3.3 40.3 C 5.4 1.9 A 1.1

5 to 19 employees 40.6 B 4.6 7.4 A 2.5 47.8 B 4.6 4.3 A 1.5

20 to 99 employees 38.8 B 3.9 6.7 A 1.6 51.6 B 4.1 2.8 A 1.3

100 to 499 employees 43.5 C 7.3 10.8 B 3.2 44.3 C 7.4 1.5 A 0.6

Atlantic 51.3 C 7.3 2.0 A 1.9 37.6 C 6.9 9.1 B 4.3

Quebec 52.0 C 6.4 9.6 B 3.6 37.9 C 5.9 0.6 A 0.6

Ontario 44.1 B 4.0 10.9 B 2.9 40.0 B 3.8 5.0 A 1.9

Northern Ontario 38.7 D 8.3 1.7 A 1.4 55.9 D 8.7 3.8 B 3.7

Southern Ontario 44.6 B 4.3 11.7 B 3.2 38.6 B 4.1 5.1 A 2.0

Prairies 32.5 C 5.1 4.6 A 1.9 60.8 C 5.4 2.2 A 1.1

Manitoba 50.4 E 11.3 4.8 B 3.6 38.7 E 11.7 6.1 B 3.9

Saskatchewan 29.0 D 8.8 1.5 A 1.4 69.1 D 8.9 0.4 A 0.4

Alberta 27.7 C 6.4 5.4 B 2.9 65.4 C 7.1 1.4 A 1.2

British Columbia and Territories 36.6 D 7.7 4.6 B 2.9 57.5 D 8.0 1.2 A 1.3

St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Halifax 90.1 D 9.3 9.1 D 9.2 0.8 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0

Quebec 63.9 F 15.3 21.3 E 13.3 14.8 E 11.3 0.0 A 0.0

Montreal 43.9 D 8.8 15.3 C 7.5 39.3 D 8.9 1.5 A 1.4

Ottawa-Gatineau 56.8 E 13.7 2.6 A 1.4 40.6 E 13.4 0.0 A 0.0

Toronto 40.5 C 6.1 17.4 C 5.5 35.4 C 5.9 6.7 B 3.4

Kingston 63.2 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 36.8 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 70.2 F 15.3 3.3 B 2.7 24.5 E 13.2 2.0 A 2.1

St. Catharines-Niagara 46.8 F 15.0 15.6 E 12.9 32.0 E 14.5 5.7 C 5.6

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 27.1 E 14.3 0.8 A 0.8 72.0 E 14.5 0.0 A 0.0

London 58.1 F 19.1 1.5 A 1.5 40.3 F 18.9 0.0 A 0.0

Windsor 35.5 F 20.5 4.1 B 4.2 60.5 F 20.9 0.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 59.4 F 21.6 3.6 A 1.6 37.0 F 22.0 0.0 A 0.0

Winnipeg 53.1 F 15.9 8.5 C 6.5 38.4 F 16.0 0.0 A 0.0

Calgary 30.2 E 11.7 11.1 D 7.8 58.7 F 15.1 0.0 A 0.0

Edmonton 15.1 D 9.1 0.0 A 0.0 83.2 D 9.4 1.7 A 1.7

Vancouver 23.4 D 9.3 5.5 B 4.4 68.6 E 10.5 2.5 B 2.6

Victoria 41.5 F 19.8 0.0 A 0.0 58.5 F 19.8 0.0 A 0.0

23.9 C 6.1 0.0 A 0.0 72.1 C 6.3 4.0 A 2.2

64.7 C 7.1 0.0 A 0.0 35.2 C 7.1 0.2 A 0.1

35.0 C 6.1 2.5 A 2.2 60.1 C 6.2 2.3 A 2.0

64.7 C 6.4 6.9 B 2.8 28.0 C 6.1 0.3 A 0.3

32.1 D 7.6 6.4 B 4.3 42.3 D 9.2 19.1 D 7.9

75.0 C 6.3 0.6 A 0.3 23.5 C 6.3 0.9 A 0.7

28.4 D 7.9 42.9 D 8.4 28.0 C 6.4 0.8 A 0.8

20.9 C 7.3 4.6 B 2.7 60.6 D 8.4 13.9 C 5.6

12.5 C 5.6 3.1 A 2.2 83.8 C 6.0 0.6 A 0.7

33.1 C 7.0 4.5 A 1.7 61.6 C 7.2 0.8 A 0.8

Tourism 26.1 E 10.3 2.9 B 2.9 68.6 E 11.2 2.4 A 2.3

Information and Communication 27.7 E 14.7 15.9 E 12.0 40.4 F 22.1 15.9 E 12.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 27.9 F 19.4 14.0 D 8.5 58.1 F 18.3 0.0 A 0.0

Rural 43.8 C 5.1 0.7 A 0.4 52.3 C 5.1 3.2 A 1.4

Urban 42.7 B 3.2 9.9 A 1.9 44.3 B 3.2 3.1 A 1.0

Exporter 46.1 C 6.5 15.9 B 5.0 34.1 C 6.1 3.9 A 2.2

Non-exporter 42.3 B 3.0 6.4 A 1.5 48.3 B 3.0 3.0 A 0.9

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 47.5 D 8.8 3.4 A 1.6 47.5 D 8.8 1.5 A 1.5

45.3 C 6.9 3.9 A 1.7 47.8 C 6.9 3.1 A 1.6

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 41.0 B 4.5 8.4 A 2.5 45.5 B 4.3 5.1 A 1.7

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 43.4 C 7.3 9.4 C 5.0 47.0 D 7.9 0.3 A 0.3

38.9 D 8.1 13.2 C 5.1 47.1 D 8.6 0.8 A 0.7

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 48.1 D 7.8 5.3 B 3.0 44.5 D 7.9 2.1 A 1.3

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 49.5 C 5.9 7.3 B 3.1 39.8 C 5.6 3.3 A 1.4

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 35.0 B 4.9 10.6 B 3.8 52.4 C 5.4 1.9 A 1.0

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 41.0 B 3.9 7.4 A 2.1 47.5 B 4.1 4.0 A 1.8

38.5 C 5.4 7.4 A 1.8 50.7 C 5.7 3.4 A 2.1

32.6 C 6.2 7.8 A 2.1 54.3 C 6.8 5.3 B 3.4

36.4 C 5.9 10.2 B 2.9 50.1 C 6.6 3.2 A 1.9

38.5 C 6.7 14.9 C 5.3 42.7 C 7.0 4.0 A 1.7

40.2 B 4.3 9.9 B 2.6 45.6 B 4.4 4.3 A 1.7

45.3 B 3.7 7.1 A 2.0 45.6 B 3.7 2.0 A 0.6

Holds IP 39.4 B 4.5 13.9 B 2.9 43.0 B 4.7 3.7 A 1.9

Holds Formal IP 44.5 C 7.0 15.6 B 4.1 33.3 C 5.8 6.6 B 4.2

No IP 45.2 B 3.6 5.2 A 1.9 47.0 B 3.6 2.6 A 0.7

Not familiar with any type of IP 42.6 B 3.1 10.3 A 2.0 43.9 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.0

Familiar with at least one type of IP 45.3 C 6.7 0.3 A 0.2 52.1 C 6.7 2.3 A 1.2

Procurement Did business with Federal government 40.7 C 7.1 13.5 B 4.5 43.0 C 6.9 2.7 A 1.9

<30 years old 34.8 E 10.9 0.0 A 0.0 59.9 E 11.2 5.3 B 4.2

30 to 39 years old 41.5 C 6.7 6.3 B 3.0 49.4 C 6.9 2.8 A 1.6

40 to 49 years old 48.6 C 5.8 9.4 B 3.4 40.7 C 5.6 1.3 A 0.6

50 to 64 years old 38.2 B 3.6 6.6 A 1.7 51.1 B 3.8 4.1 A 1.6

65+ years old 46.9 D 8.1 11.9 C 5.4 36.3 C 7.4 4.9 B 3.0

Less than high school 45.6 E 10.0 0.0 A 0.0 49.8 D 9.9 4.6 B 3.0

High school 48.0 C 6.2 2.0 A 0.9 48.0 C 6.1 2.0 A 1.0

College/Cegep/Trade School 49.6 B 4.5 6.8 B 2.8 41.0 B 4.4 2.6 A 1.0

Bachelor's degree 34.5 B 4.2 13.3 B 3.5 47.7 B 4.7 4.6 A 2.5

Master's degree or above 33.9 D 8.7 16.4 C 6.6 47.0 D 9.2 2.6 A 1.4

In Canada 41.7 B 3.0 7.5 A 1.5 48.1 B 3.0 2.7 A 0.7

Outside Canada 48.1 C 6.7 9.6 B 4.6 37.4 C 6.3 5.0 B 3.0

0% 45.1 B 3.7 7.7 A 2.0 45.9 B 3.7 1.2 A 0.4

1% to 49% 39.6 C 6.9 8.3 C 5.3 48.0 D 7.8 4.1 A 2.3

50% 43.8 C 6.0 7.4 B 3.3 43.4 C 5.8 5.4 B 3.0

51% to 99% 18.5 D 9.0 3.3 B 2.9 78.2 D 9.8 0.0 A 0.0

100% 40.6 E 10.4 12.1 C 6.2 35.7 D 8.5 11.7 C 5.4

Potential Borrowers.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..


24.6 D 7.8 16.4 D 8.7 59.1 E 10.5 0.0 A 0.0

Co-operatives Co-operatives 38.4 D 7.8 8.2 B 3.9 48.8 D 7.9 4.6 B 3.3

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 63.3 C 6.7 2.7 A 1.4 34.0 C 6.6 0.0 A 0.0

Not-for-profit 22.7 B 4.3 16.3 B 3.6 61.0 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0

Charity 46.3 C 5.7 11.8 A 1.6 41.9 C 6.3 0.0 A 0.0

For-profit 46.2 E 12.2 9.9 C 5.7 42.4 E 11.9 1.4 A 1.1

43.9 B 2.9 7.0 A 1.4 46.2 B 2.9 2.9 A 0.8

33.9 D 8.4 15.7 D 7.7 45.1 D 8.1 5.3 B 2.7




Female Ownership






Other material

Intended use of lease financing


Other machinery or equipment

Vehicles Computer hardware or software



CMA Level

Table 11: Intended Use of Lease FinancingSurvey question(s):D.4. What type of asset did your business intend to acquire through this lease?

Notes:D.4 is applicable only to those that requested lease financing in 2017.


Employment Size

Region


Place of birth



Location

Export Status



Social Enterprises



Age of Business


% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE $ Qua

lity

CV $ Qua

lity

CV

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25.7 A 0.7 98.9 A 0.3 11,410,856,269 B 5.8 61,274 B 5.4

1 to 4 employees 19.8 A 0.9 98.7 A 0.5 2,154,272,244 C 11.4 27,431 C 10.5

5 to 19 employees 31.9 A 1.3 99.0 A 0.3 4,419,048,510 C 11.3 58,515 C 10.2

20 to 99 employees 34.6 A 1.7 98.5 A 0.9 3,414,310,645 B 9.5 127,799 B 8.5

100 to 499 employees 40.7 B 3.2 99.9 A 0.1 1,423,224,870 C 12.2 260,717 C 10.6

Atlantic 38.8 A 2.3 99.5 A 0.4 664,602,207 C 10.6 37,828 C 10.2

Quebec 9.7 A 1.0 97.4 A 1.7 1,008,262,955 D 20.8 65,482 D 18.5

Ontario 30.6 A 1.1 99.2 A 0.4 4,788,963,677 B 7.0 60,994 B 6.7

Northern Ontario 27.8 B 2.5 99.5 A 0.4 202,815,007 D 15.5 46,886 C 14.7

Southern Ontario 30.8 A 1.2 99.1 A 0.4 4,586,148,670 B 7.3 61,817 B 7.0

Prairies 30.2 A 1.5 98.3 A 0.6 3,410,240,502 C 14.0 78,457 C 13.0

Manitoba 36.3 B 3.3 99.1 A 0.7 508,803,416 D 22.3 62,846 D 20.9

Saskatchewan 33.1 B 3.2 97.7 A 1.4 518,782,923 D 20.6 68,595 D 17.8

Alberta 28.2 A 2.0 98.3 A 0.8 2,382,654,163 D 19.2 85,684 D 17.8

British Columbia and Territories 26.6 A 2.0 99.2 A 0.7 1,538,786,928 C 13.5 49,194 C 12.4

St. John's 30.1 D 8.3 100.0 A 0.0 48,984,303 F 39.4 43,082 F 36.3

Halifax 31.9 C 5.6 100.0 A 0.0 87,644,703 E 27.4 36,741 E 26.5

Quebec 6.2 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0 77,477,199 F 39.6 90,272 F 35.8

Montreal 11.7 A 1.7 96.1 B 2.9 664,426,887 E 30.5 79,172 E 25.9

Ottawa-Gatineau 30.3 B 4.5 99.9 A 0.1 224,680,755 D 23.5 32,265 D 24.0

Toronto 30.7 A 1.9 98.4 A 0.8 2,629,332,762 C 11.2 75,352 C 10.3

Kingston 28.0 B 4.6 100.0 A 0.0 28,419,881 D 24.8 31,400 D 20.8

Hamilton 29.6 C 5.2 99.1 A 0.9 179,163,156 D 23.5 45,097 D 22.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 36.9 C 6.1 100.0 A 0.0 79,741,685 E 25.2 29,561 E 25.5

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 30.9 B 4.9 100.0 A 0.0 175,690,503 D 20.9 59,347 D 22.4

London 34.8 B 4.9 100.0 A 0.0 119,198,685 D 18.2 37,527 D 17.5

Windsor 25.4 C 5.1 100.0 A 0.0 82,934,047 E 29.5 57,778 E 31.7

Thunder Bay 32.4 B 5.0 100.0 A 0.0 23,724,707 D 22.9 32,221 D 22.6

Winnipeg 37.2 B 4.4 98.9 A 1.1 350,861,174 E 27.7 63,042 E 26.3

Calgary 33.5 B 3.8 97.5 A 1.3 906,374,483 F 39.2 94,223 E 34.9

Edmonton 25.8 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 435,933,890 E 25.9 63,659 D 23.1

Vancouver 26.9 B 3.1 100.0 A 0.0 865,113,094 D 18.8 59,130 D 17.7

Victoria 32.7 D 7.7 100.0 A 0.0 232,919,940 F 47.4 69,170 F 36.7

24.9 A 2.2 99.5 A 0.5 956,530,333 D 17.3 84,498 D 15.5

34.6 A 2.1 99.3 A 0.5 2,521,362,636 C 11.9 61,142 C 11.5

39.4 A 2.0 98.7 A 0.6 1,520,937,866 B 9.7 93,867 B 9.5

37.9 A 2.0 98.7 A 0.8 1,871,454,658 B 8.4 133,185 B 7.6

33.0 A 2.1 100.0 A 0.0 1,861,749,368 D 15.4 66,889 C 13.6

19.0 A 2.0 98.3 A 1.1 420,325,083 D 19.2 53,971 D 17.7

13.6 A 1.4 97.4 A 1.7 486,790,879 D 22.1 34,810 D 20.6

25.2 A 2.1 98.3 A 1.5 250,710,019 D 18.0 16,795 D 16.7

31.4 A 2.2 98.1 A 0.9 389,154,683 D 16.9 24,997 D 15.3

16.3 A 1.5 98.6 A 1.1 1,131,840,746 F 35.5 48,548 E 33.3

Tourism 25.0 B 3.6 96.5 B 3.3 239,231,831 F 42.6 36,145 E 34.4

Information and Communication 16.2 B 2.6 98.5 A 1.1 197,836,459 E 29.3 42,122 E 25.3

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 13.2 B 2.8 100.0 A 0.0 237,078,518 F 39.1 77,486 E 31.8

Rural 26.5 A 1.5 99.0 A 0.7 1,866,889,689 C 12.0 50,163 C 10.6

Urban 25.5 A 0.7 98.8 A 0.3 9,543,966,580 B 6.5 64,048 B 6.1

Exporter 30.4 A 1.9 99.2 A 0.4 2,905,177,248 C 10.3 112,408 B 7.9

Non-exporter 25.1 A 0.7 98.8 A 0.3 8,505,679,022 B 7.0 53,033 B 6.6

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 22.7 A 2.1 98.5 A 0.9 1,444,243,941 D 19.5 123,232 D 16.6

24.2 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0 1,260,727,293 C 13.7 65,622 C 11.2

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 26.0 A 1.0 98.4 A 0.6 4,948,650,623 B 7.7 63,784 B 7.1

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 25.6 A 1.8 99.1 A 0.6 1,830,188,004 D 21.3 54,161 D 19.5

30.8 A 2.2 99.1 A 0.5 1,256,101,262 C 13.9 47,521 C 13.6

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 22.1 A 1.9 99.4 A 0.3 465,266,693 C 15.0 30,526 C 13.1

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 21.6 A 1.2 98.5 A 0.6 2,792,085,701 D 15.9 53,736 C 14.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 24.2 A 1.3 99.1 A 0.5 3,025,911,895 C 12.7 66,267 C 11.7

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 32.4 A 1.3 98.8 A 0.5 5,127,591,981 B 6.6 69,892 B 6.3

29.7 A 1.7 98.6 A 0.7 3,475,958,087 C 13.4 90,848 C 11.6

32.4 A 2.1 98.4 A 0.9 2,590,436,275 D 15.7 95,043 C 13.7

33.1 A 2.2 98.7 A 0.9 2,027,783,845 D 18.8 71,368 D 16.8

33.1 A 2.1 98.2 A 0.9 2,042,080,275 D 19.4 66,895 D 17.2

31.3 A 1.3 98.5 A 0.6 4,953,273,122 B 9.8 75,199 B 8.8

23.4 A 0.8 99.1 A 0.3 6,055,495,049 B 7.7 55,247 B 7.1

Holds IP 28.7 A 1.3 98.6 A 0.6 5,646,155,191 B 9.8 107,591 B 8.5

Holds Formal IP 32.1 A 2.2 99.1 A 0.6 2,556,217,033 C 11.7 121,304 B 9.2

No IP 24.8 A 0.8 99.0 A 0.3 5,362,612,980 B 6.9 43,599 B 6.4

Not familiar with any type of IP 27.1 A 0.8 98.9 A 0.3 9,758,489,922 B 6.5 68,244 B 6.1

Familiar with at least one type of IP 21.5 A 1.4 98.7 A 0.7 1,250,278,249 C 13.7 38,491 C 12.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 39.3 B 2.7 96.2 A 2.0 509,719,922 D 20.7 223,481 D 18.7

<30 years old 16.8 B 3.7 100.0 A 0.0 37,956,956 F 49.4 17,787 F 47.4

30 to 39 years old 25.0 A 2.0 98.2 A 1.0 1,471,901,101 D 20.7 58,113 D 18.0

40 to 49 years old 26.7 A 1.4 98.8 A 0.5 3,234,381,404 C 13.9 66,579 C 12.6

50 to 64 years old 25.7 A 1.0 99.1 A 0.3 5,370,001,115 B 7.1 61,559 B 6.9

65+ years old 25.8 A 1.8 98.8 A 1.0 1,296,615,694 C 10.5 56,489 B 9.0

Less than high school 25.3 A 2.5 98.1 A 1.1 565,550,259 D 20.1 47,489 D 18.1

High school 27.5 A 1.5 99.2 A 0.5 2,430,118,452 C 10.8 51,720 B 10.0

College/Cegep/Trade School 28.2 A 1.3 99.2 A 0.4 3,156,325,751 C 11.5 52,709 C 10.8

Bachelor's degree 25.7 A 1.3 98.0 A 0.8 3,459,205,361 B 9.3 73,506 B 8.6

Master's degree or above 18.5 A 1.6 99.8 A 0.2 1,799,656,447 D 21.5 88,257 D 18.3

In Canada 26.2 A 0.8 99.1 A 0.3 9,111,335,352 B 6.7 63,815 B 6.2

Outside Canada 24.2 A 1.4 98.2 A 0.7 2,299,520,918 C 11.8 52,924 C 10.7

0% 24.6 A 0.9 98.8 A 0.4 6,184,094,322 B 6.6 65,065 B 6.1

1% to 49% 30.2 A 2.1 99.5 A 0.3 2,067,658,302 D 19.4 92,614 D 16.7

50% 32.3 A 1.7 98.2 A 0.7 2,558,203,412 C 13.8 52,571 C 12.7

51% to 99% 21.1 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 113,789,333 D 21.6 29,413 D 19.3

100% 17.1 A 1.7 99.9 A 0.1 487,110,900 D 18.3 29,834 D 17.6



33.3 B 4.7 94.5 A 2.3 347,938,474 F 51.0 53,668 F 44.7

Co-operatives Co-operatives 30.5 A 1.6 100.0 A 0.0 119,572,701 D 17.8 524,981 D 16.5

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 42.1 A 2.2 98.4 A 1.2 189,329,831 D 15.4 365,335 C 13.7

Not-for-profit 13.9 A 0.9 98.6 A 0.2 992,136 D 22.2 13,395 D 19.5

Charity 28.0 A 1.7 98.3 A 0.6 1,541,613 C 10.9 23,333 C 10.2

For-profit 26.6 B 3.0 96.8 B 2.6 679,987,818 E 30.7 76,940 E 26.7

26.1 A 0.7 98.9 A 0.3 10,707,443,531 B 6.0 65,366 B 5.6

23.4 A 1.8 98.3 A 1.1 703,412,738 D 21.9 31,373 D 20.9


Age of Business


or introduced




Location

Export Status

Growth




CMA Level

Average amount of trade credit provided

Requested trade credit financing in

2017

Approved


Table 12: Trade Credit FinancingSurvey question(s):E.1. In 2017, did your business purchase a product or service on credit provided by a supplier and pay that supplier at a later date? E.2. What was the outcome of your business’ largest request for trade credit financing in 2017? E.3. Please indicate the value of the largest trade credit provided.

Notes:E.1 is applicable to all respondents.E.2 is applicable only to those that requested trade credit financing in 2017.E.3 is applicable only to those that were approved for trade credit financing in 2017.


Employment Size

Region

Approval rateTotal amount of trade

credit provided

Outcome of trade credit financing request









Place of birth

Female Ownership



Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE $ Qua

lity

CV $ Qua

lity

CV

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 0.8 A 0.1 8,448,942,090 E 27.4 1,388,915 E 25.1

1 to 4 employees 0.4 A 0.1 1,366,185,132 F 61.3 776,553 F 54.1

5 to 19 employees 0.9 A 0.3 753,465,971 F 54.4 334,757 F 41.7

20 to 99 employees 2.0 A 0.6 2,871,347,477 F 54.2 1,790,509 F 48.8

100 to 499 employees 3.5 A 1.5 3,457,943,510 F 41.7 7,366,761 C 14.6

Atlantic 0.3 A 0.1 253,968,575 F 84.4 2,111,489 F 88.1

Quebec 0.7 A 0.2 798,655,625 E 33.8 728,004 F 38.2

Ontario 0.8 A 0.2 1,585,666,178 D 21.4 769,605 E 26.6

Northern Ontario 0.4 A 0.2 127,644,663 F 76.5 1,855,217 F 62.0

Southern Ontario 0.8 A 0.2 1,458,021,515 D 22.3 732,100 E 27.5

Prairies 1.1 A 0.4 2,395,101,950 F 64.7 1,482,722 F 60.9

Manitoba 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Saskatchewan 0.7 A 0.5 9,828,632 F 58.8 58,139 F 37.1

Alberta 1.4 A 0.5 2,385,273,318 F 65.0 1,649,239 F 61.3

British Columbia and Territories 1.0 A 0.4 3,415,549,763 F 48.4 2,869,990 F 37.2

St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Halifax 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Quebec 0.3 A 0.3 3,554,149 F 96.2 96,126 A 4.8

Montreal 0.8 A 0.4 435,906,165 F 48.3 707,934 F 47.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 1.1 A 0.9 70,214,069 F 74.1 282,489 F 81.1

Toronto 0.6 A 0.2 901,026,338 E 29.8 1,278,501 F 43.5

Kingston 0.2 A 0.2 7,660,915 F 90.3 1,400,000 A 0.0

Hamilton 1.2 A 0.8 32,483,345 F 62.1 204,659 D 21.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 1.9 A 1.9 104,943,287 F 99.3 746,418 A 0.5

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 4.8 B 3.5 113,493,621 F 70.5 245,833 D 18.1

London 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Windsor 0.3 A 0.3 28,205,826 F 97.9 1,500,000 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 0.1 A 0.1 225,507 F 76.5 100,000 A 0.0

Winnipeg 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..

Calgary 2.3 A 1.2 1,503,059,002 F 95.0 2,254,391 F 96.6

Edmonton 1.1 A 0.9 22,337,212 F 62.4 77,438 F 43.2

Vancouver 1.0 A 0.5 1,737,315,393 F 60.0 3,308,303 F 48.9

Victoria 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.8 A 0.3 1,910,970,196 F 75.3 5,558,220 F 61.4

0.3 A 0.2 147,145,201 F 52.8 350,363 F 64.3

1.8 A 0.6 1,188,404,069 F 51.7 1,579,169 F 46.1

1.3 A 0.5 696,081,054 F 38.8 1,427,958 F 42.2

0.5 A 0.2 311,917,728 F 69.7 803,681 F 81.4

0.3 A 0.1 56,149,287 F 43.2 460,000 F 52.8

1.3 A 0.5 1,118,805,928 F 48.3 801,324 F 42.9

0.3 A 0.2 26,997,050 F 72.1 135,431 D 16.5

0.6 A 0.5 28,869,580 F 59.0 95,757 F 50.4

1.2 A 0.4 2,963,601,998 F 53.4 1,772,366 F 41.1

Tourism 0.2 A 0.1 28,510,651 F 73.3 677,425 F 95.1

Information and Communication 2.1 A 0.7 5,263,831,260 F 86.8 8,527,052 F 72.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 1.4 A 0.9 757,675,778 F 77.1 2,321,447 F 84.4

Rural 1.0 A 0.3 2,475,336,565 F 55.7 1,711,060 F 40.8

Urban 0.8 A 0.1 5,973,605,525 E 31.2 1,288,400 E 30.4

Exporter 1.9 A 0.6 4,588,034,769 F 43.1 2,838,135 F 38.0

Non-exporter 0.7 A 0.1 3,860,907,322 E 31.2 864,404 E 27.9

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 2.2 A 1.0 2,359,972,725 F 56.9 2,009,428 F 50.9

0.2 A 0.1 210,864,945 F 40.3 1,431,018 F 50.5

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 0.7 A 0.2 1,826,330,428 F 47.3 860,881 F 41.7

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.5 A 0.2 923,946,274 F 64.2 1,517,844 F 58.5

1.6 A 0.6 1,087,834,442 F 56.7 769,087 F 43.9

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 0.7 A 0.2 2,021,219,777 F 71.5 4,135,024 F 62.0

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 1.2 A 0.3 4,764,287,775 F 37.1 1,583,685 E 30.7

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 0.7 A 0.2 436,706,780 F 44.7 349,839 F 39.1

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 0.6 A 0.2 1,226,727,759 E 29.2 917,074 F 36.0

1.9 A 0.5 5,685,448,618 F 38.7 2,330,461 E 35.0

2.1 A 0.7 3,608,592,089 F 45.5 1,977,470 F 45.9

2.0 A 0.7 2,056,481,030 F 38.7 1,176,747 F 38.2

1.1 A 0.4 1,303,098,427 E 34.5 1,231,918 F 43.2

1.5 A 0.3 6,196,199,329 F 35.7 1,999,143 E 32.5

0.6 A 0.1 1,994,568,881 E 33.4 713,970 E 27.5

Holds IP 2.2 A 0.4 5,409,144,610 E 31.4 1,342,845 E 28.6

Holds Formal IP 2.3 A 0.6 3,280,290,399 F 43.7 2,134,923 F 38.8

No IP 0.4 A 0.1 2,781,623,600 F 56.1 1,491,540 F 50.8

Not familiar with any type of IP 1.0 A 0.2 7,956,754,789 E 28.9 1,514,226 E 26.1

Familiar with at least one type of IP 0.4 A 0.2 234,013,421 F 56.0 366,568 F 51.0

Procurement Did business with Federal government 2.6 A 0.8 474,558,323 F 74.3 3,080,045 F 70.4

<30 years old 0.9 A 0.9 104,028,573 F 98.6 907,029 A 0.0

30 to 39 years old 0.4 A 0.1 1,269,729,137 F 54.8 3,068,179 F 53.3

40 to 49 years old 1.0 A 0.3 2,505,434,402 F 55.1 1,373,229 F 46.9

50 to 64 years old 0.9 A 0.2 4,061,755,359 F 42.1 1,362,961 F 39.4

65+ years old 0.8 A 0.3 507,994,619 F 42.7 677,314 F 37.0

Less than high school 0.6 A 0.3 209,967,185 F 82.8 767,602 F 53.0

High school 0.4 A 0.2 131,486,255 F 57.2 177,474 F 66.2

College/Cegep/Trade School 0.8 A 0.3 1,598,532,036 F 44.7 956,139 E 25.6

Bachelor's degree 1.2 A 0.3 4,414,233,804 F 37.3 1,964,314 E 33.4

Master's degree or above 1.0 A 0.3 2,094,722,812 F 69.3 1,822,080 F 68.9

In Canada 0.9 A 0.2 7,985,116,925 E 28.9 1,547,026 E 26.3

Outside Canada 0.5 A 0.2 463,825,165 F 40.3 503,320 F 45.6

0% 0.9 A 0.2 3,666,447,144 E 26.9 1,009,023 D 23.9

1% to 49% 1.4 A 0.4 3,236,221,804 F 59.2 3,095,408 F 48.1

50% 0.6 A 0.2 1,414,533,771 F 59.8 1,518,754 F 48.6

51% to 99% 1.5 A 1.0 104,731,202 F 69.9 385,089 F 96.2

100% 0.2 A 0.1 27,008,169 F 71.5 134,618 D 15.4

Potential Borrowers0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. ..


2.3 A 1.2 75,703,972 F 55.9 161,286 F 51.4

Co-operatives Co-operatives 7.2 A 1.1 3,588,998 E 25.6 67,025 D 24.1

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 2.7 A 0.9 1,497,062,778 F 69.8 43,657,173 F 63.7

Not-for-profit 1.3 A 0.2 137,800 F 50.9 19,642 F 40.9

Charity 1.2 A 0.9 40,049 F 79.5 14,288 A 0.0

For-profit 1.3 A 0.9 126,605,204 F 55.1 291,628 E 31.9

0.9 A 0.1 8,283,981,913 E 27.9 1,471,817 E 25.4

0.5 A 0.3 164,960,177 F 65.4 362,776 F 50.5


A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovationsNon-Innovator (none of the above)





Place of birth

Female Ownership






Total amount of equity provided

Table 13: Equity Financing

CMA Level

Requested equity financing in 2017




Survey question(s):F.1. In 2017, did your business seek equity financing?F.2. Please indicate the value of equity provided.

Notes:F.1 is applicable to all respondents.F.2 is applicable only to those that requested equity financing in 2017.


Employment Size

Average amount of equity provided

Region




Age of Business

New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or method



Location

Export Status

Social Enterprises

A new organizational method in your business practices,

Table 14: Government Financing (Grants, Subsidies or Non-Repayable Contributions)

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE $ Qua

lity

CV $ Qua

lity

CV

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 3.7 A 0.2 76.6 B 2.9 536,872,688 C 11.4 25,892 C 10.2

1 to 4 employees 1.8 A 0.2 75.1 C 6.2 101,596,694 D 24.6 18,785 D 20.1

5 to 19 employees 5.5 A 0.6 75.1 B 4.5 190,858,838 D 23.8 19,354 D 21.1

20 to 99 employees 6.1 A 0.7 79.3 B 4.9 109,164,654 D 19.9 28,627 D 17.8

100 to 499 employees 14.3 A 2.0 86.2 B 4.4 135,252,502 D 18.6 81,849 C 13.2

Atlantic 4.3 A 0.8 83.9 C 7.0 61,139,104 E 29.9 37,024 D 22.7

Quebec 5.6 A 0.7 84.1 B 4.5 161,962,661 E 25.7 21,051 D 23.1

Ontario 3.8 A 0.4 72.3 B 4.6 197,600,416 C 14.4 27,963 C 14.0

Northern Ontario 7.7 A 1.6 61.3 E 10.7 15,872,392 E 29.1 21,613 E 25.4

Southern Ontario 3.5 A 0.4 73.9 B 5.0 181,728,023 D 15.5 28,700 D 15.2

Prairies 2.3 A 0.4 54.2 E 10.1 44,566,225 F 39.6 24,882 E 30.6

Manitoba 2.5 A 1.4 5.6 B 4.9 1,090,300 F 46.8 35,430 F 60.1

Saskatchewan 2.4 A 0.9 94.3 C 5.3 5,727,307 F 51.8 11,005 E 30.1

Alberta 2.2 A 0.5 56.3 E 12.4 37,748,618 F 46.0 30,444 E 34.2

British Columbia and Territories 2.4 A 0.5 88.3 C 5.9 71,604,282 E 33.9 28,274 E 28.7

St. John's 0.1 A 0.1 100.0 A 0.0 37,733 F 80.7 11,424 A 0.0

Halifax 3.3 A 1.6 64.5 F 24.5 20,109,728 F 46.8 126,725 F 43.6

Quebec 5.1 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 12,053,856 F 48.7 17,341 F 37.7

Montreal 4.7 A 1.2 91.9 B 4.5 92,079,727 F 40.6 28,435 F 37.1

Ottawa-Gatineau 3.3 A 1.1 59.3 F 17.7 9,519,397 F 50.4 20,937 F 43.6

Toronto 2.5 A 0.5 71.2 D 9.7 70,419,467 E 26.8 34,181 D 24.2

Kingston 3.9 A 1.9 32.7 F 19.7 289,435 F 43.6 7,064 E 31.5

Hamilton 4.1 B 2.6 93.3 C 5.6 10,207,674 F 41.7 19,540 F 68.6

St. Catharines-Niagara 7.8 B 2.9 71.0 F 19.6 25,955,787 F 61.0 63,982 F 39.2

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 1.1 A 0.4 61.1 F 19.6 4,544,283 F 82.4 72,862 F 71.8

London 5.1 A 1.9 94.7 B 4.6 14,571,958 F 38.4 33,268 E 30.0

Windsor 3.8 A 1.6 90.9 D 8.8 2,932,156 F 83.9 14,962 F 68.2

Thunder Bay 7.2 B 2.7 56.2 F 19.4 2,059,826 F 54.5 22,349 F 46.8

Winnipeg 2.3 A 1.6 8.0 D 8.3 1,079,971 F 47.2 39,515 F 66.7

Calgary 2.7 A 1.2 52.1 F 22.6 10,018,073 F 83.5 24,525 F 48.6

Edmonton 4.0 A 1.4 44.5 F 16.6 8,130,155 F 60.7 17,324 F 58.4

Vancouver 2.8 A 0.9 93.2 C 5.0 44,407,659 F 50.8 31,257 F 41.8

Victoria 2.2 A 1.8 100.0 A 0.0 8,323,806 F 78.4 37,038 B 8.0

11.8 A 1.4 72.2 C 6.3 103,667,906 D 22.5 26,674 D 16.6

1.9 A 0.5 80.9 E 12.0 17,327,740 E 29.3 9,284 D 21.1

8.9 A 1.1 81.5 B 4.4 173,149,763 D 16.7 57,280 C 14.9

4.2 A 0.9 70.6 E 10.8 11,540,229 E 26.3 10,435 D 24.4

2.8 A 0.9 85.8 D 8.3 19,686,129 F 50.3 9,600 F 44.9

3.3 A 1.0 70.7 E 12.3 15,020,296 E 28.5 15,262 D 21.7

4.3 A 0.7 84.6 C 5.9 100,533,403 E 30.6 26,449 D 23.5

1.8 A 0.5 45.3 E 14.2 5,244,717 F 40.9 10,738 E 30.8

2.4 A 0.5 88.3 C 6.5 4,229,682 E 26.7 3,963 D 21.7

2.4 A 0.5 69.9 E 10.7 86,472,823 F 41.6 35,121 F 37.6

Tourism 2.7 A 1.0 79.8 E 10.8 5,673,417 F 40.3 9,446 F 41.5

Information and Communication 6.0 A 1.3 90.9 C 5.2 203,368,675 E 28.0 126,058 D 17.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 4.9 A 1.7 72.9 F 18.8 35,909,567 E 32.7 43,649 E 31.2

Rural 4.9 A 0.5 67.1 C 5.6 118,200,457 D 21.1 25,167 D 17.7

Urban 3.4 A 0.3 80.0 B 3.3 418,672,231 C 13.4 26,104 C 12.1

Exporter 8.6 A 1.0 81.7 B 4.2 297,108,103 D 17.3 49,459 C 14.2

Non-exporter 3.0 A 0.3 74.8 B 3.6 239,764,585 C 14.1 16,279 C 12.0

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 6.7 A 1.2 79.5 C 6.4 78,803,135 F 40.9 28,136 F 36.5

4.8 A 0.9 90.2 B 4.1 69,086,772 D 20.2 20,060 D 19.0

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 4.1 A 0.4 73.8 B 4.7 234,930,127 D 18.0 25,742 D 15.8

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 2.4 A 0.4 67.4 D 9.5 73,557,782 D 21.2 33,583 D 20.6

2.3 A 0.5 82.7 D 7.9 43,253,304 F 41.3 25,950 E 32.8

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 2.2 A 0.5 71.1 E 10.3 19,844,961 E 28.7 18,189 E 26.6

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 3.4 A 0.5 83.4 C 5.4 130,419,502 D 24.0 18,781 D 22.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 3.6 A 0.5 66.8 C 6.7 138,441,178 E 28.0 30,126 D 21.6

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 4.5 A 0.4 78.6 B 3.8 248,167,047 C 14.4 30,620 C 13.6

7.1 A 0.7 83.7 B 3.7 296,382,830 D 18.0 38,320 C 14.5

7.5 A 0.9 84.4 B 3.8 211,965,527 D 19.2 39,308 D 15.5

6.8 A 0.9 91.6 B 2.8 201,419,205 D 20.2 36,970 D 16.4

6.4 A 0.9 86.1 B 4.1 149,126,391 E 25.7 28,875 D 20.1

5.9 A 0.5 84.1 B 3.0 374,024,607 C 14.9 35,252 C 12.3

2.8 A 0.3 70.5 B 4.9 159,414,395 D 16.5 17,073 D 15.3

Holds IP 6.2 A 0.7 83.3 B 3.3 317,793,163 D 15.6 33,180 C 14.8

Holds Formal IP 8.8 A 1.3 78.6 C 5.6 176,502,895 D 18.2 38,599 D 19.3

No IP 2.9 A 0.3 72.2 B 4.4 215,645,839 D 16.8 20,796 C 14.0

Not familiar with any type of IP 4.3 A 0.3 79.1 B 3.0 507,881,582 C 12.0 27,889 C 10.8

Familiar with at least one type of IP 1.9 A 0.4 61.2 E 10.3 25,557,420 E 28.6 14,718 D 23.4

Procurement Did business with Federal government 9.7 A 1.5 88.8 B 4.7 11,209,446 D 23.4 21,456 D 19.8

<30 years old 5.8 B 2.6 38.8 F 20.3 2,261,511 F 41.4 7,888 E 30.7

30 to 39 years old 4.0 A 0.7 83.5 B 4.7 105,260,244 E 33.5 30,307 E 27.5

40 to 49 years old 4.4 A 0.5 81.7 C 5.1 159,499,665 D 20.9 24,176 D 17.6

50 to 64 years old 3.4 A 0.4 76.1 B 4.3 225,338,388 D 16.1 25,580 D 15.6

65+ years old 2.8 A 0.6 62.6 E 10.6 44,512,880 E 27.3 28,367 E 25.6

Less than high school 2.4 A 0.7 63.0 E 14.6 33,613,427 F 39.7 45,390 E 30.5

High school 2.3 A 0.4 67.1 D 8.4 65,702,513 E 26.3 24,943 D 24.2

College/Cegep/Trade School 4.1 A 0.5 75.4 C 5.2 142,380,136 E 27.0 21,337 D 24.3

Bachelor's degree 4.6 A 0.6 80.3 B 4.9 170,273,329 D 16.9 24,883 D 15.7

Master's degree or above 4.2 A 0.7 83.8 C 5.2 124,903,283 E 25.7 32,484 D 21.1

In Canada 4.0 A 0.3 77.7 B 3.1 465,543,175 C 12.8 27,111 C 10.8

Outside Canada 2.7 A 0.5 71.8 D 7.8 71,329,514 D 21.8 20,017 E 25.9

0% 3.4 A 0.3 78.1 B 4.1 315,541,502 D 17.0 30,539 D 15.3

1% to 49% 5.8 A 0.8 79.8 C 5.4 91,515,649 D 19.0 26,716 D 15.6

50% 3.7 A 0.5 74.8 C 6.4 91,584,602 D 22.2 21,857 D 19.4

51% to 99% 6.0 A 2.2 72.0 E 14.0 8,752,623 F 54.5 11,014 F 54.7

100% 3.0 A 0.7 70.4 E 11.0 29,478,312 F 45.4 14,794 F 38.0



7.7 A 2.0 37.8 E 12.5 9,575,081 F 62.5 15,984 F 57.0

Co-operatives Co-operatives 15.6 A 1.3 84.1 B 3.2 3,636,543 D 18.0 37,203 C 14.6

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 11.0 A 1.5 87.3 B 4.2 10,719,367 D 20.7 89,555 D 15.7

Not-for-profit 49.6 A 1.4 85.5 A 1.3 37,510,326 B 6.3 163,589 B 5.6

Charity 61.3 A 1.9 84.3 A 1.5 19,883,843 B 7.1 160,309 B 6.6

For-profit 4.4 A 1.2 86.3 C 7.2 50,865,460 F 61.8 39,211 F 48.9

3.6 A 0.3 77.8 B 3.0 502,186,642 C 11.9 27,909 C 10.3

4.0 A 0.8 69.7 D 9.0 34,686,046 F 43.4 12,651 F 42.9

Source: Statistics Canada, Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2017Figures may not add to totals due to rounding.Tourism, ICT and KBI industries are separate industry categories. Industries which make up the Tourism, ICT and KBI categories are also includedin their respective sector categories.

Social Enterprises




Place of birth

Female Ownership



Growth

Location



Export Status

CMA Level

Average amount of government

financing provided

Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)

Employment Size

Region


Survey question(s):G.1. In 2017, did your business seek government grants, subsidies or non-repayable contributions?G.2. What was the outcome of your business’ largest request for government grants, subsidies or non-repayable contributions in 2017?G.3. Please indicate the value of the government grant, subsidy or non-repayable contribution provided.

Notes:G.1 is applicable to all respondents.G.2 is applicable only to those that requested government financing in 2017.G.3 is applicable only to those that were approved for government financing in 2017.


Requested government

financing in 2017

Outcome of government financing request

Approval rate

Approved

Total amount of government financing

provided









Age of Business

% Qua

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lity

SE % Qua

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SE % Qua

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All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 9.5 A 0.4 33.3 A 0.8 26.0 A 0.7 31.3 A 0.7 16.7 A 1.2 10.6 A 0.5 33.1 A 0.8 26.0 A 0.7 30.4 A 0.7 16.4 A 1.2 75.1 A 0.6 21.5 A 0.6 3.4 A 0.3

1 to 4 employees 11.2 A 0.7 35.7 A 1.2 26.5 A 1.0 26.6 A 1.0 14.8 A 1.8 12.2 A 0.7 35.2 A 1.2 26.7 A 1.0 25.8 A 1.0 14.6 A 1.8 83.4 A 0.8 13.8 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.4



100 to 499 employees 7.3 A 1.6 21.8 B 3.4 24.8 B 3.1 46.2 B 3.3 24.4 B 5.3 7.8 A 1.7 23.5 B 3.6 22.8 B 2.9 46.0 B 3.3 24.1 B 5.3 55.3 B 3.4 39.7 B 3.4 5.0 A 1.0

Atlantic 5.8 A 0.8 28.0 A 2.2 25.9 A 2.1 40.2 A 2.3 19.8 A 3.5 6.6 A 0.8 28.2 A 2.2 27.1 A 2.1 38.2 A 2.2 19.3 A 3.4 69.5 A 2.0 25.3 A 1.9 5.2 A 0.9

Quebec 8.8 A 0.9 34.0 A 1.9 23.2 A 1.5 34.0 A 1.8 17.1 A 2.7 10.2 A 1.0 33.7 A 1.9 23.3 A 1.6 32.8 A 1.8 16.9 A 2.8 68.0 A 1.5 28.3 A 1.5 3.7 A 0.6

Ontario 10.8 A 0.8 33.2 A 1.3 25.2 A 1.1 30.9 A 1.1 16.4 A 1.9 11.7 A 0.8 33.1 A 1.3 24.9 A 1.1 30.3 A 1.1 16.2 A 1.9 78.2 A 1.0 18.9 A 0.9 2.9 A 0.4

Northern Ontario 9.1 A 1.7 26.3 B 2.6 25.5 B 2.7 39.1 B 2.8 19.7 A 4.6 9.7 A 1.7 26.4 B 2.6 25.4 B 2.7 38.4 B 2.8 19.5 A 4.7 65.5 B 2.6 30.8 B 2.6 3.8 A 0.9

Southern Ontario 10.9 A 0.9 33.6 A 1.3 25.1 A 1.2 30.3 A 1.2 16.2 A 2.0 11.8 A 0.9 33.5 A 1.3 24.9 A 1.2 29.7 A 1.2 16.0 A 2.0 79.0 A 1.0 18.2 A 1.0 2.8 A 0.4

Prairies 8.9 A 0.8 34.3 A 1.7 27.3 A 1.6 29.5 A 1.5 16.4 A 2.7 9.8 A 0.9 34.4 A 1.7 27.2 A 1.6 28.7 A 1.5 16.1 A 2.7 76.2 A 1.3 20.4 A 1.3 3.4 A 0.5

Manitoba 8.5 A 1.7 28.4 B 3.5 23.1 B 3.0 40.0 B 3.6 18.9 B 5.1 8.9 A 1.7 30.3 B 3.6 23.5 B 2.9 37.3 B 3.5 18.5 B 5.2 72.3 B 3.1 22.7 B 2.8 5.0 A 1.5

Saskatchewan 11.4 A 2.1 35.0 B 3.4 22.4 B 2.8 31.2 B 3.1 19.1 B 6.8 11.4 A 2.1 36.5 B 3.4 21.4 B 2.7 30.7 B 3.0 18.8 B 6.9 73.6 B 2.8 21.6 B 2.6 4.8 A 1.3

Alberta 8.5 A 1.0 35.4 A 2.2 29.3 A 2.1 26.8 A 1.9 15.2 A 3.4 9.6 A 1.1 34.8 A 2.2 29.3 A 2.1 26.3 A 1.9 14.9 A 3.4 77.6 A 1.7 19.6 A 1.7 2.8 A 0.6

British Columbia and Territories 9.6 A 1.1 33.2 A 2.3 30.1 A 2.2 27.1 A 2.0 15.8 A 3.7 11.0 A 1.2 32.4 A 2.2 30.0 A 2.2 26.6 A 2.0 15.6 A 3.8 79.2 A 1.7 17.5 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.9

St. John's 6.2 B 3.6 23.3 C 6.8 37.0 D 8.8 33.5 D 9.4 16.9 C 11.4 6.2 B 3.6 23.3 C 6.8 37.0 D 8.8 33.5 D 9.4 16.9 C 11.5 87.6 B 4.9 8.4 B 3.9 4.0 B 3.0

Halifax 4.6 A 1.8 39.1 C 6.5 21.8 B 4.4 34.6 C 6.0 17.1 C 11.0 7.9 B 2.8 35.8 C 6.3 22.9 B 4.5 33.5 C 6.0 16.5 C 10.3 75.5 C 5.6 24.5 C 5.6 0.0 A 0.0

Quebec 4.5 A 1.3 45.4 C 7.1 25.1 C 5.5 25.0 B 4.8 15.5 B 7.6 4.5 A 1.3 46.5 C 7.1 24.6 C 5.5 24.5 B 4.8 15.4 B 7.7 70.4 C 5.3 27.7 C 5.2 1.9 A 1.1

Montreal 9.7 A 1.3 38.4 B 2.9 22.4 A 2.2 29.5 B 2.6 15.4 A 4.4 12.4 A 1.7 37.3 B 2.9 21.3 A 2.2 29.1 B 2.6 15.2 A 4.5 73.5 A 2.3 23.1 A 2.2 3.5 A 0.9

Ottawa-Gatineau 13.4 B 3.6 39.7 B 4.9 21.7 B 3.6 25.3 B 4.0 13.7 B 7.8 14.2 B 3.6 39.3 B 4.9 22.7 B 3.8 23.8 B 3.8 13.5 B 7.9 82.8 B 3.7 15.3 B 3.7 1.9 A 0.7

Toronto 13.1 A 1.5 37.6 A 2.2 23.8 A 1.8 25.6 A 1.8 14.5 A 3.4 14.5 A 1.5 37.2 A 2.2 22.7 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.8 14.3 A 3.5 82.0 A 1.6 15.1 A 1.5 2.8 A 0.7

Kingston 8.1 B 2.8 19.1 B 3.9 36.3 C 5.0 36.5 B 5.0 19.9 B 7.9 8.1 B 2.8 19.9 B 3.9 35.6 C 5.0 36.4 B 5.0 19.8 B 7.9 72.0 B 4.4 22.6 B 4.0 5.5 A 2.4

Hamilton 14.8 B 4.8 30.0 C 5.8 25.9 C 5.2 29.3 C 5.4 15.0 B 9.3 14.8 B 4.8 30.0 C 5.8 28.4 C 5.4 26.8 C 5.1 14.8 B 9.4 81.0 B 4.0 17.1 B 3.9 1.9 A 0.7

St. Catharines-Niagara 5.9 A 2.0 27.9 C 5.3 27.2 C 5.8 39.0 C 5.9 17.7 B 7.3 6.5 A 2.0 28.3 C 5.3 28.2 C 5.9 36.9 C 5.8 17.0 B 6.8 72.7 C 5.5 24.4 C 5.4 2.8 A 1.0

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 4.8 A 1.6 30.9 C 5.4 31.0 C 5.1 33.3 B 4.6 17.6 B 6.4 5.1 A 1.6 30.5 C 5.4 31.2 C 5.1 33.2 B 4.6 17.4 B 6.5 73.6 B 3.7 25.4 B 3.7 1.0 A 0.5

London 11.1 B 4.1 30.9 C 5.6 23.4 B 4.7 34.7 B 4.8 16.9 B 7.9 11.1 B 4.1 30.9 C 5.6 25.9 B 4.9 32.1 B 4.6 16.5 B 7.8 78.3 B 4.5 19.1 B 4.4 2.5 A 0.9

Windsor 10.1 B 4.1 27.2 B 4.9 25.3 C 5.6 37.5 C 5.7 19.4 B 10.0 11.6 B 4.3 25.7 B 4.7 27.1 C 5.7 35.6 C 5.6 19.2 C 10.1 72.2 C 5.4 25.9 C 5.4 1.9 A 0.9

Thunder Bay 4.2 A 2.0 27.8 C 5.0 25.9 C 5.3 42.1 C 5.3 20.9 B 6.9 4.8 A 2.0 27.2 B 5.0 25.9 C 5.3 42.1 C 5.3 20.6 B 7.1 72.4 B 4.5 23.5 B 4.2 4.2 A 1.8

Winnipeg 7.3 A 1.9 29.2 B 4.6 25.2 B 4.0 38.2 B 4.5 18.2 B 6.3 7.5 A 1.9 32.2 B 4.6 25.8 B 3.9 34.5 B 4.4 17.9 B 6.4 73.8 B 3.8 23.3 B 3.7 2.9 A 1.1

Calgary 10.3 A 2.1 34.2 B 3.9 25.8 B 3.5 29.7 B 3.8 15.8 B 6.5 10.8 A 2.1 34.5 B 3.9 25.3 B 3.5 29.4 B 3.8 15.6 B 6.6 79.6 B 3.1 17.3 B 3.0 3.1 A 1.1

Edmonton 6.4 A 1.7 36.1 B 4.3 31.4 B 4.3 26.1 B 3.7 14.7 B 5.7 8.5 A 1.8 34.0 B 4.2 32.8 B 4.3 24.7 B 3.7 14.4 B 5.7 72.2 B 3.8 25.2 B 3.7 2.5 A 1.3

Vancouver 10.8 A 1.9 35.7 B 3.4 28.2 B 3.1 25.4 B 2.9 14.8 B 5.2 12.9 A 2.2 34.3 B 3.4 28.2 B 3.1 24.6 B 2.9 14.6 B 5.3 80.7 B 2.6 14.4 A 2.2 4.9 A 1.8

Victoria 7.6 B 3.3 38.0 D 8.4 25.5 C 7.0 29.0 D 8.2 17.6 C 13.4 9.3 B 3.7 36.2 D 8.4 26.2 C 7.0 28.2 D 8.2 17.4 C 13.6 83.1 B 5.0 15.8 B 4.9 1.1 A 0.8

5.9 A 1.0 22.1 A 2.3 24.0 A 2.3 48.1 A 2.5 24.2 A 4.1 6.2 A 1.0 22.3 A 2.3 25.1 A 2.3 46.4 A 2.5 23.7 A 4.0 60.5 A 2.2 28.4 A 2.0 11.2 A 1.5

8.6 A 1.1 36.7 A 2.4 25.0 A 2.1 29.7 A 2.1 15.7 A 3.5 9.5 A 1.2 36.2 A 2.4 25.2 A 2.1 29.1 A 2.1 15.5 A 3.5 87.5 A 1.6 10.0 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.8

4.8 A 1.0 22.8 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.2 44.5 A 2.2 22.0 A 3.0 6.0 A 1.1 22.2 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.1 43.9 A 2.2 21.8 A 3.1 69.2 A 2.0 24.7 A 1.7 6.1 A 1.1

4.7 A 0.9 19.4 A 1.9 26.4 A 2.1 49.5 A 2.2 22.8 A 3.0 6.0 A 1.1 20.1 A 1.9 25.9 A 2.0 48.0 A 2.2 22.4 A 3.1 66.7 A 2.1 25.3 A 1.9 8.0 A 1.3

10.5 A 1.4 34.7 A 2.3 21.4 A 1.9 33.4 A 2.1 17.0 A 3.9 12.6 A 1.6 33.3 A 2.3 21.2 A 1.9 32.8 A 2.1 16.8 A 3.9 58.0 A 2.3 39.4 A 2.3 2.6 A 0.5

11.3 A 1.7 32.8 B 2.6 31.0 B 2.6 24.8 A 2.1 15.1 A 3.8 11.8 A 1.7 33.8 B 2.6 29.8 B 2.5 24.6 A 2.1 14.9 A 3.8 84.3 A 1.9 13.1 A 1.7 2.6 A 0.8

10.2 A 1.3 38.2 A 2.2 29.4 A 2.1 22.2 A 1.8 13.8 A 3.2 11.5 A 1.4 37.8 A 2.2 28.7 A 2.1 22.1 A 1.8 13.6 A 3.3 90.6 A 1.1 8.0 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.6

16.8 A 1.6 38.6 A 2.3 22.6 A 2.0 21.9 A 1.9 13.9 B 5.6 18.5 A 1.6 38.6 A 2.4 22.9 A 2.1 20.0 A 1.8 13.4 B 5.7 48.8 A 2.4 47.0 A 2.5 4.2 A 1.1

8.0 A 1.2 25.1 A 2.1 30.2 A 2.4 36.8 A 2.3 18.7 A 3.3 9.0 A 1.2 24.8 A 2.1 30.9 A 2.4 35.3 A 2.3 18.4 A 3.3 71.4 A 2.1 26.0 A 2.0 2.6 A 0.7

9.7 A 1.2 36.9 A 2.3 25.5 A 1.9 27.9 A 2.0 14.9 A 3.5 10.3 A 1.2 37.1 A 2.3 25.6 A 1.9 27.0 A 2.0 14.6 A 3.5 81.7 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.6 1.7 A 0.5

Tourism 7.3 A 1.8 30.4 B 4.4 27.9 B 3.6 34.4 B 4.0 19.3 B 7.5 7.6 A 1.8 32.3 B 4.4 27.1 B 3.6 33.0 B 3.9 18.9 B 7.6 63.0 B 3.8 33.2 B 3.6 3.9 A 1.6

Information and Communication 10.6 A 1.9 44.4 B 3.3 26.1 B 2.7 18.9 B 2.8 12.9 B 7.0 11.3 A 2.0 45.1 B 3.3 25.0 B 2.6 18.7 B 2.8 12.8 B 7.1 93.7 A 1.6 6.1 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 8.2 A 2.3 41.2 C 5.4 30.7 B 4.8 19.9 B 4.6 13.0 B 7.9 10.9 B 2.7 38.6 C 5.4 30.6 B 4.8 19.9 B 4.6 12.7 B 8.0 91.1 A 2.4 8.0 A 2.3 0.9 A 0.9

Rural 6.6 A 0.8 28.0 A 1.7 27.3 A 1.6 38.0 A 1.6 19.8 A 2.6 6.9 A 0.8 28.5 A 1.7 27.8 A 1.6 36.9 A 1.6 19.4 A 2.6 69.0 A 1.5 26.0 A 1.5 5.0 A 0.6

Urban 10.2 A 0.5 34.5 A 0.9 25.7 A 0.8 29.6 A 0.8 15.9 A 1.4 11.4 A 0.5 34.2 A 0.9 25.5 A 0.8 28.9 A 0.8 15.7 A 1.4 76.6 A 0.7 20.4 A 0.7 3.0 A 0.3

Exporter 9.3 A 1.3 33.1 A 2.2 22.9 A 1.7 34.7 A 2.0 18.0 A 3.4 11.6 A 1.5 32.4 A 2.2 22.0 A 1.7 34.0 A 2.0 17.8 A 3.5 78.2 A 1.6 17.6 A 1.5 4.3 A 0.7

Non-exporter 9.5 A 0.5 33.3 A 0.9 26.4 A 0.8 30.8 A 0.8 16.5 A 1.3 10.4 A 0.5 33.1 A 0.9 26.5 A 0.8 30.0 A 0.8 16.3 A 1.3 74.7 A 0.7 22.0 A 0.7 3.3 A 0.3

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 49.4 B 3.1 22.9 A 2.5 27.6 B 2.6 14.9 A 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 50.8 B 3.0 22.6 A 2.5 26.6 B 2.6 14.6 A 4.6 82.3 A 2.0 15.0 A 1.9 2.7 A 0.7

0.0 A 0.0 42.9 B 2.6 27.6 A 2.4 29.5 A 2.3 17.1 A 3.9 0.0 A 0.0 43.7 B 2.6 27.5 A 2.4 28.7 A 2.2 16.8 A 3.9 74.1 A 2.3 22.5 A 2.2 3.4 A 0.9

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 33.6 A 1.2 30.6 A 1.2 35.7 A 1.1 19.3 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 34.7 A 1.2 30.4 A 1.2 34.9 A 1.1 19.0 A 1.7 72.1 A 1.0 23.6 A 1.0 4.2 A 0.4

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 32.9 A 2.1 28.9 A 1.8 38.2 A 2.0 18.7 A 2.5 0.0 A 0.0 33.7 A 2.1 29.8 A 1.8 36.4 A 1.9 18.4 A 2.6 77.4 A 1.6 19.8 A 1.5 2.8 A 0.7

0.0 A 0.0 34.6 A 2.5 28.7 A 2.2 36.7 A 2.3 18.8 A 3.3 0.0 A 0.0 35.3 A 2.5 28.2 A 2.2 36.5 A 2.3 18.5 A 3.3 73.5 A 2.0 22.8 A 2.0 3.7 A 0.7

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.5 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.4 A 2.3 81.1 A 1.7 17.7 A 1.7 1.2 A 0.3

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.4 A 1.1 3.2 A 0.5 96.8 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.2 A 1.2 81.8 A 1.1 16.8 A 1.1 1.5 A 0.4

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 15.1 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 2.8 A 0.5 97.1 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 14.9 A 0.7 77.5 A 1.3 21.3 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.3

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 33.6 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.4 A 0.1 2.3 A 0.4 97.3 A 0.4 33.1 A 1.0 64.3 A 1.2 27.8 A 1.2 7.9 A 0.6

10.0 A 1.2 35.4 A 1.9 25.2 A 1.7 29.4 A 1.7 16.3 A 3.3 12.0 A 1.3 35.0 A 1.9 24.4 A 1.7 28.6 A 1.7 16.1 A 3.4 76.4 A 1.6 20.8 A 1.5 2.8 A 0.5

9.6 A 1.3 32.3 A 2.2 28.1 A 2.1 30.0 A 1.9 16.7 A 3.3 12.1 A 1.5 31.1 A 2.2 27.9 A 2.1 28.8 A 1.9 16.4 A 3.4 74.8 A 2.0 21.9 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.6

10.7 A 1.5 31.6 A 2.2 27.7 A 2.2 30.0 A 2.1 16.1 A 3.6 12.1 A 1.5 31.1 A 2.2 28.2 A 2.2 28.6 A 2.0 15.8 A 3.7 74.0 A 2.1 23.3 A 2.0 2.7 A 0.6

11.7 A 1.4 29.3 A 2.1 29.2 A 2.1 29.9 A 2.0 16.4 A 3.7 12.7 A 1.4 29.4 A 2.1 29.0 A 2.1 28.9 A 2.0 16.2 A 3.7 73.1 A 2.0 23.5 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.8

10.4 A 0.9 32.1 A 1.4 26.9 A 1.3 30.6 A 1.3 16.7 A 2.4 11.8 A 1.0 31.9 A 1.4 26.6 A 1.3 29.6 A 1.3 16.4 A 2.4 74.2 A 1.2 22.5 A 1.2 3.2 A 0.4

8.7 A 0.5 33.3 A 1.0 25.5 A 0.9 32.5 A 0.9 17.0 A 1.5 9.4 A 0.6 33.2 A 1.0 25.7 A 0.9 31.7 A 0.9 16.8 A 1.5 77.9 A 0.8 18.5 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.3

Holds IP 9.2 A 0.9 35.7 A 1.6 23.8 A 1.3 31.3 A 1.4 16.7 A 2.4 10.5 A 1.0 35.3 A 1.6 23.5 A 1.3 30.7 A 1.4 16.5 A 2.5 80.7 A 1.1 16.1 A 1.0 3.1 A 0.4

Holds Formal IP 7.0 A 1.1 31.9 A 2.3 24.7 A 2.1 36.4 A 2.2 18.8 A 3.6 8.5 A 1.2 32.3 A 2.3 23.5 A 2.1 35.7 A 2.2 18.5 A 3.7 73.5 A 2.0 21.7 A 1.8 4.8 A 0.9

No IP 9.2 A 0.5 32.0 A 1.0 26.7 A 0.9 32.2 A 0.9 17.0 A 1.5 10.1 A 0.6 31.9 A 1.0 26.9 A 0.9 31.2 A 0.9 16.7 A 1.5 75.3 A 0.8 21.1 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.3

Not familiar with any type of IP 9.1 A 0.5 33.9 A 1.0 25.6 A 0.8 31.4 A 0.8 16.7 A 1.4 10.1 A 0.5 33.7 A 1.0 25.7 A 0.8 30.4 A 0.8 16.4 A 1.4 77.3 A 0.7 19.4 A 0.7 3.4 A 0.3

Familiar with at least one type of IP 9.5 A 1.0 29.9 A 1.7 26.8 A 1.7 33.8 A 1.7 17.8 A 3.0 10.4 A 1.1 29.5 A 1.7 26.8 A 1.7 33.2 A 1.7 17.5 A 3.0 75.0 A 1.5 21.0 A 1.4 4.0 A 0.7

Procurement Did business with Federal government 0.8 A 0.4 18.9 A 2.3 24.0 A 2.4 56.3 B 2.8 25.1 A 3.8 2.3 A 0.9 19.5 A 2.3 23.2 A 2.4 55.0 B 2.8 24.6 A 3.9 64.5 B 2.7 29.8 B 2.6 5.7 A 1.5

<30 years old 35.6 C 5.1 49.1 C 6.2 8.7 B 4.4 6.6 A 2.3 6.2 C 14.6 39.9 C 5.5 45.2 C 6.3 8.3 B 4.4 6.6 A 2.3 6.0 C 14.1 70.7 C 5.5 23.1 C 5.2 6.2 B 2.7

30 to 39 years old 18.7 A 1.5 52.1 A 2.2 17.3 A 1.8 12.0 A 1.4 10.0 A 4.3 20.8 A 1.6 51.1 A 2.2 16.6 A 1.8 11.5 A 1.3 9.7 A 4.2 74.9 A 1.9 22.8 A 1.9 2.3 A 0.5



65+ years old 2.3 A 0.5 16.0 A 1.9 23.2 A 2.0 58.5 A 2.3 24.8 A 2.5 2.4 A 0.5 16.1 A 1.9 24.8 A 2.0 56.8 A 2.3 24.5 A 2.5 80.1 A 1.7 17.0 A 1.7 2.9 A 0.5

Less than high school 8.5 A 1.9 25.8 B 2.9 25.9 B 2.8 39.8 B 3.1 20.2 A 5.0 9.1 A 1.9 25.3 B 2.9 26.8 B 2.9 38.8 B 3.1 19.9 A 5.0 74.0 B 2.9 21.0 B 2.7 5.0 A 1.5

High school 8.4 A 0.9 28.2 A 1.6 27.5 A 1.6 35.8 A 1.6 17.9 A 2.3 9.0 A 0.9 28.3 A 1.6 27.8 A 1.6 34.9 A 1.6 17.7 A 2.3 73.5 A 1.4 22.5 A 1.4 4.1 A 0.6

College/Cegep/Trade School 8.8 A 0.8 33.5 A 1.5 26.6 A 1.3 31.1 A 1.3 16.9 A 2.3 9.9 A 0.8 33.3 A 1.5 26.7 A 1.3 30.1 A 1.3 16.7 A 2.3 75.3 A 1.1 21.0 A 1.1 3.7 A 0.5

Bachelor's degree 9.9 A 0.9 35.0 A 1.6 26.2 A 1.4 28.9 A 1.4 16.0 A 2.5 11.0 A 1.0 35.1 A 1.6 25.9 A 1.4 28.0 A 1.4 15.7 A 2.5 72.7 A 1.4 24.4 A 1.3 2.9 A 0.4

Master's degree or above 12.1 A 1.4 41.1 A 2.3 22.1 A 1.8 24.7 A 1.9 13.9 A 3.7 14.0 A 1.5 40.0 A 2.3 21.5 A 1.8 24.5 A 1.9 13.7 A 3.8 82.0 A 1.7 16.0 A 1.6 1.9 A 0.6

In Canada 8.2 A 0.5 30.8 A 0.9 26.2 A 0.8 34.8 A 0.9 17.9 A 1.4 9.1 A 0.5 30.7 A 0.9 26.3 A 0.8 33.9 A 0.9 17.6 A 1.4 74.6 A 0.7 21.6 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.3

Outside Canada 13.3 A 1.1 40.8 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.5 20.5 A 1.3 13.0 A 2.7 14.8 A 1.1 40.2 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.4 20.0 A 1.3 12.8 A 2.7 76.8 A 1.4 21.1 A 1.3 2.1 A 0.5

0% 9.4 A 0.6 32.8 A 1.1 26.2 A 1.0 31.6 A 1.0 16.6 A 1.7 10.6 A 0.7 32.5 A 1.1 26.3 A 1.0 30.6 A 1.0 16.4 A 1.7 77.7 A 0.8 18.6 A 0.8 3.6 A 0.4

1% to 49% 7.4 A 1.3 31.2 A 2.5 24.0 A 2.1 37.5 A 2.3 19.3 A 3.6 9.3 A 1.5 30.5 A 2.4 23.7 A 2.1 36.5 A 2.2 18.9 A 3.6 69.5 A 2.2 25.3 A 2.1 5.3 A 0.9

50% 9.4 A 1.0 33.1 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.4 32.4 A 1.6 17.2 A 3.0 10.0 A 1.0 33.3 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.4 31.7 A 1.6 16.9 A 3.0 74.1 A 1.4 23.8 A 1.4 2.1 A 0.4

51% to 99% 12.2 B 3.5 41.4 C 5.3 21.6 B 4.5 24.8 B 3.8 14.2 B 7.2 12.3 B 3.5 42.1 C 5.3 22.6 B 4.7 22.9 B 3.6 13.8 B 7.1 80.0 B 3.6 16.7 B 3.3 3.3 A 1.5

100% 10.8 A 1.2 35.5 A 2.4 29.0 A 2.1 24.7 A 1.9 14.5 A 3.4 11.9 A 1.3 35.1 A 2.4 28.6 A 2.1 24.4 A 1.9 14.4 A 3.5 69.6 A 2.2 27.4 A 2.1 3.0 A 0.7

Potential Borrowers12.5 B 2.5 34.7 B 3.7 26.6 B 3.2 26.3 B 3.2 15.3 B 6.0 12.9 B 2.5 35.4 B 3.7 25.6 B 3.2 26.1 B 3.2 15.0 B 6.0 79.4 B 2.9 19.7 B 2.9 1.0 A 0.4


15.9 B 3.0 48.1 C 5.1 18.0 B 4.1 18.1 B 3.5 11.4 B 9.3 25.5 B 4.6 39.1 B 4.9 17.8 B 4.1 17.6 B 3.5 11.0 B 9.5 80.2 B 4.1 19.4 B 4.0 0.4 A 0.3

Co-operatives Co-operatives 1.7 A 0.4 13.7 A 1.2 13.9 A 1.4 70.7 A 1.7 43.5 A 2.4 2.9 A 0.6 12.8 A 1.2 14.5 A 1.4 69.8 A 1.7 43.1 A 2.4 88.0 A 1.3 9.5 A 1.2 2.6 A 0.6

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 0.8 A 0.3 16.7 A 1.6 30.3 A 2.1 52.2 A 2.2 24.4 A 2.9 1.3 A 0.4 18.6 A 1.7 28.8 A 2.1 51.3 A 2.2 23.9 A 3.0 67.4 A 2.1 30.3 A 2.1 2.3 A 0.6

Not-for-profit 0.0 A 0.0 18.2 A 1.2 32.3 A 1.3 49.5 A 1.4 22.7 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.2 20.1 A 1.3 30.6 A 1.2 48.6 A 1.4 22.2 A 1.8 91.4 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.3 6.5 A 0.7

Charity 0.0 A 0.0 4.7 A 1.3 26.5 A 1.9 68.8 A 2.0 29.5 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 6.9 A 1.4 29.1 A 2.0 64.1 A 2.1 28.2 A 1.9 90.1 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 9.9 A 1.2

For-profit 10.3 A 2.1 33.5 B 3.6 28.8 B 3.3 27.3 B 3.1 15.6 B 5.3 10.7 A 2.1 35.3 B 3.6 27.7 B 3.3 26.4 B 3.0 15.4 B 5.4 73.5 B 3.2 24.7 B 3.1 1.8 A 0.7

9.7 A 0.5 33.8 A 0.9 25.4 A 0.8 31.1 A 0.8 16.6 A 1.3 10.9 A 0.5 33.6 A 0.9 25.3 A 0.8 30.2 A 0.8 16.4 A 1.4 74.5 A 0.7 22.0 A 0.7 3.5 A 0.3

8.1 A 1.0 29.7 A 2.1 30.1 A 2.1 32.2 A 2.1 17.1 A 3.0 8.3 A 1.0 29.7 A 2.1 30.2 A 2.1 31.8 A 2.1 16.9 A 3.0 79.5 A 1.6 18.0 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.5



or introduced




Location

Export Status


Age of Business


Table 15: Business Age and Method of Possession of the BusinessSurvey question(s):B.1. Did the current owners of this business…B.2. In what year was this business first established?B.3. In what year did the business first start selling goods and/or services?

Notes:B.1, B.2 and B.3 are applicable to all respondents.


Year the business was first established Year the business started selling goods and/or services Method of possessing the business

Employment Size

Region

2015-2017(2 years or younger)

2007-2014(3 to 10 years old)

Started from scratch Bought or acquired Inherited1997-2006

(11 to 20 years old)

Prior to 1997(more than 20 years

old)

Average number of years selling

Prior to 1997(more than 20 years

old)Average age

2015-2017(2 years or younger)

2007-2014(3 to 10 years old)

1997-2006(11 to 20 years old)

CMA Level









Place of birth

Female Ownership



Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE





100 to 499 employees 55.4 B 4.6 77.7 B 3.1 21.8 B 3.4 16.9 B 2.8 30.3 B 4.4 17.5 B 2.9 5.1 A 1.2 10.1 B 3.6 5.9 A 1.4

Atlantic 54.2 B 2.9 82.7 A 2.0 10.4 A 1.6 10.7 A 1.8 14.8 A 1.7 6.0 A 1.1 7.2 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.2 4.7 A 1.6

Quebec 42.0 A 2.3 76.2 A 2.0 22.4 A 2.1 8.6 A 1.2 14.8 A 1.7 18.7 A 2.0 4.9 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.8 2.5 A 0.6

Ontario 33.6 A 1.4 86.2 A 1.0 18.1 A 1.1 11.7 A 0.9 16.9 A 1.0 9.5 A 0.8 3.0 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.4

Northern Ontario 42.4 B 3.7 85.1 B 2.7 19.8 B 2.9 9.2 A 1.9 18.8 B 3.1 11.2 B 2.5 10.2 A 2.4 1.0 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.6

Southern Ontario 33.2 A 1.4 86.3 A 1.0 18.0 A 1.2 11.9 A 1.0 16.8 A 1.1 9.4 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.4

Prairies 41.1 A 2.0 85.2 A 1.5 13.6 A 1.3 14.7 A 1.4 17.0 A 1.5 10.0 A 1.2 3.7 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.5 2.2 A 0.5

Manitoba 41.5 B 4.3 83.2 B 3.2 11.9 A 2.2 13.5 B 2.9 21.8 B 3.7 7.4 A 2.1 4.5 A 1.6 2.2 A 1.0 3.6 A 2.0

Saskatchewan 57.4 B 4.1 81.6 B 3.3 18.3 B 3.1 16.7 B 3.2 18.3 B 3.1 11.8 A 2.3 5.6 A 1.6 2.1 A 0.9 2.0 A 0.9

Alberta 37.3 B 2.5 86.4 A 1.9 12.9 A 1.7 14.5 A 1.7 15.7 A 2.0 10.2 A 1.6 3.1 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.7 1.9 A 0.5

British Columbia and Territories 30.0 A 2.4 87.0 A 1.7 14.1 A 1.8 13.6 A 1.8 17.3 A 2.0 8.8 A 1.3 4.1 A 1.0 3.2 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.7

St. John's 53.5 D 9.7 83.5 D 7.6 17.9 D 8.5 17.6 D 9.1 12.1 B 5.0 2.9 B 2.9 8.2 B 4.6 0.0 A 0.0 3.7 B 3.0

Halifax 53.9 D 7.6 86.3 B 4.6 10.1 B 3.5 15.5 B 4.8 17.7 B 4.5 7.9 B 3.7 2.7 B 2.6 1.1 A 1.1 2.7 B 2.6

Quebec 41.3 D 8.0 79.1 C 6.4 6.9 B 2.9 8.1 B 3.5 16.9 C 5.9 19.0 C 6.1 5.2 B 2.9 2.2 A 1.5 1.3 A 0.9

Montreal 37.3 B 3.2 81.8 B 2.6 26.0 B 3.2 8.8 A 1.8 13.7 A 2.1 17.2 A 2.4 4.6 A 1.4 0.9 A 0.5 1.8 A 1.0

Ottawa-Gatineau 27.3 B 4.0 82.6 B 4.3 17.2 B 3.4 19.1 B 4.4 19.0 B 3.8 11.6 B 3.3 7.2 B 3.9 1.8 A 1.7 3.4 A 1.4

Toronto 29.0 A 2.1 88.1 A 1.4 19.2 A 1.9 10.6 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.5 9.6 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.6

Kingston 39.7 C 6.2 81.4 B 4.9 19.9 C 5.3 8.4 B 2.8 25.0 C 5.4 5.3 A 1.9 4.4 A 1.9 0.0 A 0.0 3.1 A 1.6

Hamilton 32.2 C 6.5 84.6 C 5.6 20.6 C 5.5 9.3 B 3.4 16.1 B 4.4 9.7 B 4.0 4.2 B 2.8 4.1 B 3.2 5.3 B 3.4

St. Catharines-Niagara 37.4 C 7.0 80.7 C 6.0 23.1 C 5.7 12.0 B 4.7 20.5 C 5.5 14.2 C 5.7 3.8 A 2.2 2.2 A 1.6 1.1 A 0.7

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 26.8 C 5.2 86.9 B 4.6 24.9 C 6.8 10.6 B 3.2 19.6 B 4.8 9.2 B 3.4 4.9 B 3.1 6.2 B 4.5 1.0 A 1.0

London 36.6 C 6.2 84.3 B 5.0 15.9 B 4.3 13.5 B 4.6 19.0 B 4.3 4.8 A 2.3 1.8 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 3.8 A 2.1

Windsor 53.0 C 6.5 89.4 B 4.2 14.6 B 4.4 15.3 C 5.2 14.9 B 4.1 12.8 C 5.3 1.1 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 3.1 A 2.2

Thunder Bay 44.0 C 6.8 70.9 C 6.6 18.7 B 4.9 12.6 B 4.5 10.3 B 4.0 10.4 B 3.3 6.0 A 2.5 2.2 A 1.6 3.1 B 2.5

Winnipeg 34.5 C 5.4 86.3 B 3.9 10.2 A 2.4 13.2 B 3.8 17.1 B 4.3 5.7 A 2.2 2.8 A 1.3 3.2 A 1.4 3.2 A 2.2

Calgary 28.2 B 4.3 93.7 A 2.4 9.5 B 2.6 16.0 B 3.4 11.2 B 3.1 12.6 B 3.4 1.8 A 0.8 4.7 A 2.1 1.5 A 0.6

Edmonton 34.6 B 5.0 85.4 B 4.0 11.0 B 2.8 14.9 B 3.8 8.9 A 2.4 3.1 A 1.3 1.7 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.1 4.8 A 1.9

Vancouver 26.5 B 3.3 88.1 A 2.3 14.1 B 2.6 15.5 B 2.7 20.3 B 3.3 11.7 A 2.3 5.9 A 2.0 3.8 A 1.6 2.5 A 1.3

Victoria 35.0 D 9.9 85.0 C 7.3 26.2 D 9.2 9.9 B 4.1 14.7 C 6.8 8.0 B 4.2 2.9 B 2.7 2.4 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0

61.9 B 3.3 73.9 B 3.0 17.1 A 2.3 17.4 A 2.4 18.3 A 2.5 11.8 A 2.1 12.0 A 1.8 1.1 A 0.5 4.1 A 1.2

33.3 A 2.5 82.5 A 2.0 14.1 A 1.8 11.0 A 1.6 27.9 A 2.4 12.5 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.4

44.5 B 2.7 89.0 A 1.8 23.3 B 2.5 11.5 A 1.6 24.9 A 2.5 11.4 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.4 2.2 A 0.7 3.4 A 0.9

42.0 B 2.8 83.8 A 2.0 22.4 A 2.4 14.8 A 2.1 25.5 A 2.4 13.1 A 2.1 3.5 A 1.0 3.0 A 1.2 4.2 A 1.1

40.3 B 3.1 83.5 A 2.1 18.1 A 2.2 16.0 A 2.2 23.3 A 2.5 9.5 A 2.1 4.1 A 1.0 1.3 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.0

43.4 B 2.8 81.1 A 2.2 17.0 A 2.2 9.2 A 1.5 12.3 A 1.9 25.1 B 2.6 4.5 A 1.2 2.2 A 0.8 2.2 A 1.0

24.5 A 1.8 88.2 A 1.5 12.0 A 1.7 11.1 A 1.4 3.9 A 0.8 4.7 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.7

50.5 B 3.3 83.0 A 2.5 28.5 B 2.9 14.7 A 2.3 15.7 A 2.4 17.7 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.4 1.5 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.6

39.7 B 2.7 85.7 A 1.9 20.0 A 2.4 10.3 A 1.7 23.0 A 2.5 11.9 A 1.9 2.7 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.4 3.2 A 1.0

35.9 A 2.4 83.6 A 1.8 16.4 A 1.9 10.8 A 1.4 8.6 A 1.5 9.1 A 1.5 3.8 A 1.0 2.5 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.7

Tourism 41.6 C 5.9 84.3 B 3.6 34.5 C 5.9 10.1 B 3.4 8.1 B 3.2 17.5 B 4.8 8.2 B 3.4 4.7 A 2.1 3.1 A 1.6

Information and Communication 16.0 A 2.4 91.1 A 1.8 11.0 A 2.0 14.1 B 2.5 7.9 A 1.8 5.0 A 1.5 6.9 A 1.9 3.0 A 0.9 3.6 A 1.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 20.3 B 4.3 89.5 B 3.8 16.2 B 4.4 12.2 B 3.4 4.1 A 1.7 3.5 A 1.4 10.5 B 4.1 4.0 B 2.5 4.8 B 2.5

Rural 46.4 A 2.2 77.5 A 1.9 15.4 A 1.5 14.3 A 1.6 22.3 A 1.9 10.7 A 1.3 5.6 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.7

Urban 35.4 A 1.0 85.3 A 0.7 17.3 A 0.8 11.5 A 0.6 15.2 A 0.7 11.2 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.3 2.3 A 0.3

Exporter 30.4 A 2.3 88.3 A 1.4 19.0 A 2.1 12.9 A 1.7 15.4 A 1.8 9.7 A 1.4 7.6 A 1.4 4.5 A 1.2 3.6 A 0.9


High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 36.0 B 3.3 82.6 B 2.8 18.9 B 2.9 13.2 A 2.3 12.4 A 2.0 11.8 A 2.3 3.3 A 0.8 4.7 A 1.6 2.7 A 1.0

41.3 B 3.0 84.7 A 2.3 15.7 A 2.3 9.9 A 1.6 22.5 B 2.7 11.8 A 1.8 5.3 A 1.5 2.9 A 1.5 2.3 A 1.0


No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 35.2 A 2.2 83.1 A 1.8 14.5 A 1.6 8.3 A 1.1 16.7 A 1.8 9.0 A 1.2 2.8 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.6 2.2 A 0.5

38.0 B 2.8 85.2 A 2.4 20.6 B 2.5 14.6 A 2.2 16.7 A 2.2 11.6 A 1.6 2.9 A 1.0 2.2 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.9

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 31.5 B 2.7 83.7 A 1.9 14.6 A 1.9 16.2 A 2.0 13.1 A 2.0 11.9 A 1.9 2.2 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.6 3.9 A 1.1

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 30.6 A 1.6 85.2 A 1.3 17.6 A 1.4 13.5 A 1.1 14.1 A 1.2 11.9 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.5 2.2 A 0.4


Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 49.5 A 1.8 80.6 A 1.4 18.3 A 1.4 9.3 A 0.9 21.9 A 1.5 10.8 A 1.0 4.6 A 0.6 1.9 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.4

37.1 A 2.2 86.6 A 1.4 21.0 A 1.9 14.1 A 1.5 18.3 A 1.7 12.9 A 1.5 6.1 A 1.0 3.3 A 0.8 3.1 A 0.7

38.2 A 2.5 87.9 A 1.6 20.3 A 2.1 16.8 A 2.0 19.4 A 2.0 14.4 A 1.8 7.2 A 1.4 3.1 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.7

37.3 B 2.6 89.6 A 1.4 20.1 A 2.1 16.0 A 2.0 20.8 A 2.3 14.5 A 1.9 7.7 A 1.6 4.1 A 1.1 2.8 A 1.0

33.0 A 2.4 88.3 A 1.6 19.3 A 2.0 15.2 A 1.8 20.0 A 2.0 12.4 A 1.6 5.2 A 1.0 3.0 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.7

36.9 A 1.7 87.1 A 1.1 21.3 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.1 19.0 A 1.4 11.8 A 1.1 5.9 A 0.8 3.4 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.5

36.3 A 1.1 83.0 A 0.9 14.9 A 0.9 11.0 A 0.7 15.4 A 0.8 10.8 A 0.7 3.1 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.3 2.3 A 0.3

Holds IP 32.9 A 1.7 87.9 A 1.2 18.8 A 1.5 14.9 A 1.3 14.5 A 1.2 10.9 A 1.1 5.2 A 0.9 3.8 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.6

Holds Formal IP 36.6 B 2.6 87.1 A 1.8 22.2 A 2.4 15.6 A 2.1 18.4 A 2.1 10.9 A 1.8 4.9 A 1.3 4.5 A 1.1 2.9 A 0.9

No IP 37.9 A 1.1 82.8 A 0.9 16.0 A 0.9 10.7 A 0.7 17.2 A 0.9 11.2 A 0.7 3.5 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.3


Familiar with at least one type of IP 35.4 A 2.0 83.9 A 1.5 16.5 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.1 13.6 A 1.5 10.7 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 2.0 A 0.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 48.8 B 3.4 87.5 A 2.2 19.3 B 2.7 10.3 A 1.9 22.5 B 3.0 13.5 A 2.5 6.8 A 2.0 2.0 A 0.8 2.6 A 1.2

<30 years old 23.8 D 7.6 83.9 B 5.0 33.2 D 8.4 9.3 B 3.3 5.9 A 2.5 16.2 C 6.3 6.0 A 2.2 1.0 A 0.6 1.4 A 1.0




65+ years old 41.5 B 2.6 82.0 A 2.0 15.3 A 2.0 13.4 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.9 11.4 A 1.8 4.7 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.6 3.2 A 0.8

Less than high school 44.4 B 3.6 77.4 B 2.9 14.6 A 2.1 12.0 A 2.4 21.1 B 3.0 15.2 B 2.7 3.0 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.8

High school 40.1 A 2.0 82.8 A 1.5 18.1 A 1.6 8.8 A 1.1 19.8 A 1.6 13.1 A 1.4 3.7 A 0.6 2.1 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.4

College/Cegep/Trade School 37.9 A 1.7 84.8 A 1.3 17.4 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.1 18.8 A 1.4 11.8 A 1.1 3.7 A 0.6 1.1 A 0.4 1.8 A 0.3

Bachelor's degree 32.4 A 1.8 87.2 A 1.3 17.4 A 1.5 12.7 A 1.2 15.5 A 1.3 8.4 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.0 2.9 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.6

Master's degree or above 37.4 A 2.3 81.6 A 1.9 14.8 A 1.7 15.4 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.1 9.8 A 1.6 2.7 A 0.6 1.9 A 0.5 3.8 A 0.9


Outside Canada 30.3 A 1.7 88.8 A 1.2 18.2 A 1.4 13.4 A 1.3 14.4 A 1.2 11.5 A 1.2 2.9 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.6

0% 38.0 A 1.3 83.0 A 1.0 16.8 A 1.0 11.6 A 0.8 17.9 A 1.0 12.9 A 0.9 3.8 A 0.4 2.4 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.3

1% to 49% 36.5 B 2.7 83.7 A 2.0 18.2 A 2.2 11.6 A 1.6 14.2 A 1.7 11.0 A 1.7 4.2 A 1.3 3.2 A 1.0 3.6 A 1.3

50% 39.4 A 2.0 86.5 A 1.3 17.3 A 1.6 12.8 A 1.3 17.9 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.1 3.6 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 1.7 A 0.4

51% to 99% 36.8 C 6.2 83.4 B 4.5 18.8 B 4.7 18.0 B 4.7 14.5 B 4.4 5.0 A 1.8 6.2 B 2.6 0.9 A 0.5 5.6 B 3.4

100% 31.8 A 2.4 84.1 A 2.0 15.7 A 1.9 11.1 A 1.7 9.3 A 1.4 7.8 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.3 0.6 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.8

Potential Borrowers 33.0 B 3.8 86.8 B 3.0 18.6 B 2.9 9.1 A 2.5 11.5 B 2.6 12.5 B 2.8 5.1 A 1.6 0.5 A 0.3 2.9 A 1.5


32.3 C 5.2 85.0 B 4.3 23.1 B 4.1 10.0 B 2.9 19.9 B 3.7 20.6 B 4.5 4.4 A 1.7 1.8 A 0.8 4.6 B 3.0

Co-operatives Co-operatives 50.5 A 1.9 56.4 A 1.9 16.6 A 1.4 6.5 A 1.0 23.7 A 1.7 7.5 A 0.9 25.6 A 1.7 5.4 A 0.8 22.9 A 1.7

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 44.8 B 2.7 72.0 A 2.5 16.2 A 1.9 18.3 A 2.1 26.2 A 2.4 9.0 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.6 4.7 A 1.3 5.3 A 1.5

Not-for-profit 38.3 A 1.5 16.0 A 1.2 7.1 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.3 6.8 A 0.7 6.1 A 0.8 65.9 A 1.4 8.0 A 0.9 27.3 A 1.3

Charity 13.9 A 1.7 12.4 A 1.2 11.3 A 1.5 4.3 A 0.6 7.6 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.9 59.9 A 2.0 6.5 A 1.3 41.4 A 2.0

For-profit 31.5 B 3.7 88.1 B 2.9 22.8 B 3.6 17.2 B 3.3 17.6 B 3.1 11.4 A 2.4 7.4 A 2.3 6.8 A 2.5 3.7 A 1.4

37.4 A 1.0 83.9 A 0.8 17.0 A 0.8 12.9 A 0.7 16.2 A 0.7 11.7 A 0.7 4.0 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.3 2.3 A 0.3

37.1 A 2.5 84.3 A 1.7 16.4 A 2.0 6.1 A 1.0 17.9 A 2.1 7.9 A 1.3 4.0 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 2.9 A 0.7






Location

Export Status


Age of Business

New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business practices, A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovationsNon-Innovator (none of the above)



Financing from angel investors and

venture capital providers

Credit from financial institutions

Personal financing used towards your

business

Sources used to start up business

OtherRetained earnings (from previous or other business)

Trade credit from suppliers

Capital leasing

Government loans, grants, subsidies and

non-repayable contributions

Financing from friends or relatives of

business owner(s)

Employment Size

Region

Table 16: Sources of Financing Used to Start Up BusinessSurvey question(s):B.4. Which of the following sources of finance did you use to start of your business? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:B.4 is applicable only to those that started their business from scratch.


CMA Level









Place of birth

Female Ownership



Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE


1 to 4 employees 55.8 B 2.8 74.7 A 2.3 29.1 B 2.5 12.1 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.3 8.9 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.5 6.3 A 1.4

5 to 19 employees 58.0 B 2.6 70.1 A 2.5 28.4 A 2.4 10.1 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.5 10.5 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.6 5.5 A 1.1

20 to 99 employees 61.0 B 3.5 67.9 B 3.1 17.1 A 2.5 15.5 A 2.1 11.5 A 2.5 15.4 A 2.4 3.6 A 1.2 6.6 A 2.1 7.7 A 1.7

100 to 499 employees 71.0 B 3.9 56.1 C 5.8 10.3 A 2.2 32.4 C 5.7 13.2 B 3.4 7.1 A 1.6 3.9 A 1.9 7.7 A 1.6 5.7 A 1.4

Atlantic 68.2 B 4.0 69.2 B 4.1 14.4 B 3.3 8.3 A 2.4 14.6 B 3.5 15.3 B 3.7 4.0 A 1.4 2.0 A 0.9 6.3 A 2.1

Quebec 59.1 B 3.3 63.2 B 3.1 31.3 B 3.2 7.9 A 1.6 8.1 A 1.8 11.8 A 2.1 7.1 A 1.6 4.3 A 1.4 7.0 A 1.6

Ontario 52.3 B 2.7 71.6 A 2.5 29.5 B 2.5 15.8 A 1.8 10.0 A 1.4 7.6 A 1.3 3.6 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.5 6.1 A 1.3

Northern Ontario 56.6 C 5.2 76.8 B 4.2 16.9 B 3.3 13.0 B 2.9 5.0 A 1.9 4.8 A 1.7 4.0 A 1.8 5.1 A 2.5 6.7 B 2.8

Southern Ontario 51.9 B 3.0 71.1 B 2.7 30.8 B 2.8 16.1 A 2.0 10.5 A 1.5 7.9 A 1.5 3.6 A 1.0 1.5 A 0.5 6.1 A 1.3

Prairies 64.8 B 3.4 78.3 B 3.3 18.1 B 2.5 16.0 B 2.6 12.2 A 2.1 13.5 A 2.4 1.6 A 0.5 3.0 A 1.1 5.1 A 1.5

Manitoba 68.7 C 6.1 75.6 C 5.8 23.1 C 5.7 13.5 B 4.8 15.8 C 5.3 6.6 B 2.6 2.3 A 1.5 4.6 B 3.9 2.9 A 2.1

Saskatchewan 68.9 C 6.0 81.5 C 5.5 19.8 B 4.7 19.8 C 5.2 15.8 B 4.1 17.9 C 5.2 2.2 A 1.5 3.0 A 1.7 6.9 B 4.5

Alberta 62.7 B 4.7 78.1 B 4.5 16.4 B 3.3 15.7 B 3.5 10.4 B 2.7 14.2 B 3.3 1.2 A 0.6 2.6 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.9

British Columbia and Territories 55.3 B 4.9 76.4 B 4.3 24.1 B 4.3 12.4 B 2.8 13.2 B 3.0 9.0 B 2.6 1.5 A 1.2 1.9 A 1.2 5.7 A 2.2

St. John's 57.7 F 22.6 100.0 A 0.0 8.2 D 8.1 20.0 F 18.6 44.3 F 24.4 20.0 F 18.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Halifax 58.2 E 12.3 92.5 C 5.8 37.3 E 13.0 20.6 E 10.9 29.9 E 13.9 9.2 C 7.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.6 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0

Quebec 54.1 D 9.8 60.3 D 9.6 25.7 D 8.1 8.4 B 4.0 4.6 B 4.5 8.5 B 4.9 1.5 A 1.4 1.7 A 1.1 4.0 A 2.3

Montreal 40.9 C 5.1 63.9 C 5.0 29.7 C 5.1 12.5 B 3.4 9.6 B 3.2 13.8 B 3.4 5.6 A 2.4 2.2 A 1.2 6.0 A 2.3

Ottawa-Gatineau 39.4 E 10.9 69.1 E 11.3 32.8 D 9.8 24.1 E 10.9 7.2 B 3.9 22.5 E 11.0 8.6 B 3.9 0.8 A 0.4 3.5 A 1.9

Toronto 49.8 C 5.3 75.6 B 4.6 28.7 C 5.0 16.9 B 3.5 10.3 A 2.4 7.2 A 2.0 3.0 A 1.5 1.4 A 0.5 5.3 A 1.6

Kingston 67.9 D 8.9 69.2 D 8.6 38.1 D 9.4 13.3 C 6.3 12.4 C 7.1 15.4 D 8.3 3.9 B 3.2 0.0 A 0.0 10.5 C 5.5

Hamilton 53.8 E 12.4 63.9 E 10.8 30.1 E 10.7 25.1 D 9.2 10.5 C 6.3 12.3 D 7.6 1.1 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.6 1.2 A 1.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 45.4 E 12.8 71.9 E 13.8 15.1 D 8.4 9.4 C 5.2 20.5 E 11.2 10.8 D 9.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.5 A 0.4

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 48.6 D 8.0 87.2 B 4.5 23.8 C 6.7 10.1 B 4.2 12.1 B 4.6 0.9 A 0.9 9.3 B 4.1 0.0 A 0.0 3.9 B 3.1

London 24.6 D 8.2 72.6 E 13.8 41.2 E 14.0 15.0 D 7.6 12.6 D 7.6 7.9 B 4.9 0.0 A 0.0 5.0 B 4.9 19.8 E 14.0

Windsor 57.7 E 12.6 62.0 E 13.4 44.4 E 13.7 16.4 D 7.7 7.5 B 4.8 6.2 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.7 B 3.7

Thunder Bay 62.9 D 9.5 75.0 D 7.9 24.8 C 7.5 14.9 C 5.8 11.8 D 7.8 11.3 D 7.8 3.0 B 2.9 0.0 A 0.0 6.9 B 4.8

Winnipeg 69.1 D 7.7 76.4 C 7.4 20.7 C 5.9 14.9 C 6.2 19.9 C 7.3 5.9 B 2.9 0.2 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.2 4.2 B 3.0

Calgary 48.5 D 9.6 70.6 E 10.3 12.8 C 5.1 13.6 B 4.0 20.2 C 7.4 25.3 D 8.0 1.4 A 1.1 9.5 B 4.3 6.2 B 3.3

Edmonton 60.5 D 8.6 83.1 C 5.8 17.2 C 6.3 14.1 C 5.5 10.5 B 4.5 3.5 B 2.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.2 A 0.1 4.9 B 3.2

Vancouver 50.1 D 7.9 86.8 B 3.8 21.4 C 7.1 9.5 B 3.6 10.9 B 4.0 10.9 B 4.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.2 A 2.2 8.6 B 4.3

Victoria 78.4 E 13.0 32.6 E 12.1 0.0 A 0.0 12.4 E 11.4 42.6 F 15.5 12.7 E 11.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 13.8 E 12.6

81.5 B 3.3 56.8 B 4.6 33.8 B 4.4 6.8 A 2.1 8.8 A 2.1 10.9 B 2.9 12.5 B 2.8 3.2 A 1.4 4.8 A 1.6

39.4 D 7.5 63.4 C 7.0 30.5 D 7.7 14.0 B 4.9 16.5 B 4.5 11.5 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.3 A 0.3 5.8 B 2.7

63.5 B 3.9 70.7 B 3.5 23.7 B 3.4 16.5 B 2.6 14.0 B 2.6 16.4 B 3.5 12.0 B 3.3 5.1 A 1.3 6.2 A 2.0

57.7 B 4.2 64.9 B 4.1 27.0 B 4.0 24.9 B 3.6 22.3 B 3.7 13.1 B 3.1 3.3 A 1.7 2.0 A 1.1 8.0 A 2.5

60.6 B 3.7 73.9 B 3.3 30.3 B 3.7 12.4 A 2.3 12.1 B 2.6 8.9 A 2.2 4.3 A 1.9 3.4 A 1.7 9.0 A 2.3

64.5 C 6.3 50.6 C 7.0 21.5 C 5.2 14.5 B 3.8 9.2 B 4.3 12.9 B 4.3 1.4 A 1.0 2.1 A 1.2 10.1 B 4.6

57.6 C 6.6 77.7 C 5.6 19.7 C 6.2 20.3 C 5.5 8.0 B 3.6 9.0 B 3.6 2.3 A 1.4 6.5 B 3.2 6.0 B 3.6

48.7 B 3.6 82.2 B 2.5 23.5 B 3.2 9.8 A 1.9 11.5 A 2.3 11.6 A 2.4 3.0 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.9 4.4 A 1.5

46.7 B 4.7 74.9 B 3.9 32.5 B 4.4 7.8 A 2.2 8.5 B 2.9 9.2 B 3.0 2.5 A 1.1 3.6 A 1.5 4.7 A 1.8

65.8 C 5.4 67.0 C 5.2 17.0 B 3.3 11.1 B 2.9 2.0 A 0.8 9.1 B 2.7 1.1 A 0.5 2.3 A 1.2 4.5 A 1.7

Tourism 62.4 C 5.5 79.2 C 5.0 25.5 C 5.3 12.9 B 3.5 7.0 A 2.3 9.4 B 2.9 2.9 A 1.3 0.2 A 0.1 5.2 B 3.2

Information and Communication 34.4 E 11.3 67.8 E 11.2 27.2 E 14.9 24.7 E 10.2 22.3 E 10.4 4.1 B 4.1 4.7 B 4.7 4.0 B 3.0 9.8 C 6.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 56.8 E 13.7 56.0 E 14.5 20.5 E 12.5 41.8 E 14.7 6.1 B 4.2 0.7 A 0.7 3.2 B 3.1 3.2 A 2.0 1.7 A 1.3

Rural 70.5 B 3.1 69.4 B 3.1 30.3 B 3.3 9.5 A 1.7 12.6 A 2.2 10.5 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.4 3.8 A 1.6 5.7 A 1.5

Urban 54.5 A 1.9 71.3 A 1.7 24.7 A 1.6 13.5 A 1.2 10.0 A 1.0 10.7 A 1.1 3.1 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.5 6.3 A 0.9

Exporter 53.6 B 4.7 71.2 B 3.9 28.2 B 4.9 19.5 B 3.1 10.3 A 2.0 10.5 A 2.5 6.3 A 2.4 5.1 A 1.3 7.5 A 2.3


High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 45.9 C 6.5 78.9 C 5.1 41.5 C 6.8 13.6 B 3.7 9.0 B 2.5 11.5 B 3.7 4.5 A 1.9 2.1 A 1.1 4.8 B 2.7

67.5 B 4.9 63.1 C 5.5 23.9 B 4.8 7.9 A 1.9 6.7 A 1.7 9.7 A 2.4 5.6 A 2.2 2.8 A 1.5 7.8 B 2.7


No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 55.5 B 4.1 68.9 B 4.0 23.0 B 3.2 16.3 B 3.2 9.9 A 2.2 13.7 B 3.1 3.4 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.4 6.7 A 1.7

50.6 B 4.8 71.6 B 4.0 23.2 B 3.8 14.0 B 3.5 13.2 B 3.0 9.2 B 2.7 4.6 A 1.6 3.6 A 1.2 5.5 A 2.1

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 55.7 B 4.9 76.2 B 4.2 21.3 B 3.8 15.8 B 3.1 10.4 A 2.3 8.5 A 2.1 1.2 A 0.7 0.7 A 0.3 8.5 B 2.7

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 54.6 B 3.5 68.5 B 3.3 26.4 B 3.1 13.3 A 2.3 9.0 A 1.9 12.8 A 2.1 5.1 A 1.6 4.5 A 1.5 5.2 A 1.6

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 61.7 B 3.4 69.5 B 3.0 24.6 B 3.0 11.9 A 2.0 9.2 A 1.8 13.3 A 2.1 3.5 A 0.9 2.1 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.9


52.9 B 4.2 74.1 B 3.7 28.1 B 4.1 13.6 A 2.5 8.8 A 1.6 10.5 A 2.5 4.1 A 1.3 3.9 A 1.2 5.3 A 1.5

49.8 C 5.0 76.9 B 4.2 35.0 B 5.0 16.6 B 3.8 7.4 A 1.7 10.0 A 2.4 3.9 A 1.2 4.5 A 1.2 5.8 A 1.8

60.1 B 4.9 70.6 B 4.5 26.1 B 4.1 14.7 B 3.4 8.7 A 2.0 8.8 A 2.3 4.3 A 1.5 3.8 A 1.3 4.2 A 1.3

54.1 B 4.8 73.1 B 4.5 27.3 B 4.0 11.7 B 2.5 12.2 A 2.5 12.2 B 2.6 5.1 A 1.6 2.2 A 1.0 7.2 A 2.1

58.1 B 3.0 72.7 B 2.7 27.5 B 2.8 14.1 A 1.9 11.2 A 1.5 12.8 A 1.9 4.2 A 1.0 3.4 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.2

57.8 A 2.2 68.4 A 2.0 26.3 A 1.9 11.7 A 1.3 10.4 A 1.3 9.8 A 1.3 4.0 A 0.8 2.2 A 0.5 6.8 A 1.2

Holds IP 60.1 B 3.2 69.5 B 3.1 22.0 B 2.7 18.9 B 2.5 10.2 A 1.7 9.0 A 1.9 5.2 A 1.4 6.6 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.9

Holds Formal IP 59.9 B 4.6 71.0 B 4.0 22.8 B 3.7 21.4 B 4.2 10.0 A 2.2 8.0 A 2.1 5.4 A 2.1 5.9 A 1.7 6.6 A 2.2

No IP 57.3 A 2.0 70.0 A 1.9 28.1 A 1.9 10.8 A 1.2 10.8 A 1.2 11.4 A 1.3 3.8 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.4 5.9 A 1.0


Familiar with at least one type of IP 55.8 B 3.9 69.8 B 3.4 24.8 B 3.4 9.3 A 1.9 10.3 A 2.1 6.5 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.6 7.4 A 1.7

Procurement Did business with Federal government 68.3 B 4.4 66.0 B 4.9 16.7 B 3.6 25.5 B 4.5 11.2 B 2.7 13.7 B 3.3 3.6 A 2.2 10.7 B 3.5 5.7 A 1.9

<30 years old 57.4 E 11.7 85.0 C 7.3 40.2 E 11.9 5.1 B 3.1 2.6 A 1.5 6.3 B 3.6 8.7 C 6.6 1.0 A 0.9 15.0 C 6.6

30 to 39 years old 48.0 B 4.7 65.8 B 4.5 31.5 B 4.2 10.3 B 2.7 7.9 B 2.5 9.7 A 2.2 7.3 B 2.6 5.3 A 2.4 10.8 B 3.2

40 to 49 years old 62.4 B 3.0 66.9 B 3.0 30.0 B 2.9 13.9 A 2.0 10.8 A 1.7 12.5 A 1.9 3.0 A 0.9 1.7 A 0.6 3.0 A 0.9


65+ years old 56.9 C 5.6 81.3 B 3.5 9.4 A 2.3 10.0 A 2.2 8.4 B 2.5 8.3 B 2.6 3.1 A 1.3 2.6 A 1.2 2.4 A 1.0

Less than high school 51.9 C 7.4 76.6 C 5.4 29.8 C 7.5 8.3 B 3.1 13.4 B 4.4 19.9 C 6.2 1.0 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.8 11.1 B 4.2

High school 55.9 B 3.4 71.5 B 2.9 27.2 B 3.0 11.5 A 2.1 11.2 A 1.8 8.8 A 1.6 2.2 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.6 6.0 A 1.5

College/Cegep/Trade School 58.8 B 2.7 69.5 B 2.6 29.0 B 2.6 9.0 A 1.4 11.2 A 1.9 13.3 A 2.0 7.9 A 1.5 1.9 A 0.6 4.4 A 1.0

Bachelor's degree 57.9 B 3.1 72.6 B 2.8 26.1 B 2.8 16.0 A 2.0 11.2 A 1.7 8.8 A 1.6 3.5 A 1.3 2.9 A 1.2 7.3 A 1.6

Master's degree or above 65.9 C 5.3 65.4 C 5.4 13.4 B 2.9 17.1 B 3.7 4.8 A 1.3 7.9 A 2.3 1.2 A 0.5 9.4 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.9


Outside Canada 53.0 B 3.5 76.2 B 3.1 22.5 B 2.8 16.4 A 2.4 10.5 A 1.8 10.7 A 2.1 1.7 A 0.8 2.0 A 0.7 3.4 A 1.1

0% 59.5 A 2.3 69.3 A 2.1 24.0 A 2.1 12.9 A 1.4 10.7 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.5 4.2 A 0.9 2.7 A 0.6 7.2 A 1.1

1% to 49% 60.8 B 5.0 64.4 B 4.8 22.2 B 3.5 12.9 B 2.6 12.8 B 2.7 12.6 B 2.6 9.7 B 3.2 3.4 A 1.3 6.1 B 2.7

50% 60.2 B 3.3 75.8 B 2.7 31.6 B 3.0 14.9 A 2.3 11.0 A 2.0 12.7 A 2.3 2.4 A 0.6 3.1 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.9

51% to 99% 39.4 D 9.8 76.9 D 9.1 30.3 D 10.0 19.6 D 9.6 4.5 B 2.5 0.1 A 0.1 8.3 B 4.7 4.9 B 2.8 11.1 C 5.0

100% 52.3 B 4.6 72.4 B 4.1 26.0 B 4.0 7.2 A 2.1 8.8 A 2.5 5.7 A 1.9 1.1 A 0.5 2.0 A 1.9 1.8 A 0.9

Potential Borrowers57.3 D 7.7 66.7 D 8.4 30.6 D 7.9 12.1 C 5.3 2.7 A 2.2 2.6 A 2.2 3.7 B 2.9 1.4 A 0.9 2.6 A 1.3


53.2 E 11.7 94.9 A 2.5 31.9 D 9.4 16.5 C 6.8 15.5 C 7.4 9.9 B 4.2 7.1 B 3.3 3.3 B 2.6 2.8 A 2.0

Co-operatives Co-operatives 72.5 C 5.8 40.3 C 6.4 12.5 B 3.7 3.1 A 2.2 9.7 B 4.7 7.9 B 3.1 26.2 C 5.2 5.8 B 2.9 21.3 C 5.3

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 44.1 B 3.9 64.4 B 4.0 20.4 B 3.2 28.6 B 3.9 9.1 B 2.6 5.1 A 1.7 5.4 A 2.0 5.9 A 2.2 9.2 A 2.4

Not-for-profit 21.8 C 6.6 35.8 C 5.9 8.9 A 1.8 34.6 D 8.0 8.9 A 1.8 12.8 C 6.6 51.4 D 8.0 8.9 A 1.8 8.9 A 1.8

Charity .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

For-profit 58.6 C 6.8 59.8 C 7.3 29.3 C 6.8 16.4 C 5.1 10.9 B 3.2 9.3 B 3.8 4.4 B 2.5 2.2 A 1.3 1.5 A 1.3

58.7 A 1.7 70.8 A 1.6 25.9 A 1.6 13.3 A 1.1 10.9 A 1.0 10.3 A 1.0 3.9 A 0.6 3.0 A 0.6 5.9 A 0.8

54.7 B 4.7 71.3 B 4.1 26.9 B 4.0 6.6 A 2.0 8.4 A 2.2 13.7 B 3.1 5.0 A 2.0 1.5 A 0.7 7.9 B 2.9


Social Enterprises





Age of Business


Employment Size

Financing from angel investors and

venture capital providers

Government loans, grants, subsidies and

non-repayable contributions

Table 17: Sources of Financing to Buy/Acquire BusinessSurvey question(s):B.5. Which of the following sources of financing did you use to purchase your business? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)


Notes:B.5 is applicable only to those that bought/acquired their business.

Financing from friends or relatives of

business owner(s)

Credit from financial institutions

Personal Financing used towards your

business

Sources used to buy/acquire business

OtherRetained earnings (from previous or other business)

Trade credit from suppliers

Capital leasing

Region



CMA Level


Female Ownership


Location

Export Status








New or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business practices,




Place of birth

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 13.2 A 0.6 20.4 A 0.7 46.3 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 8.0 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.4 19.1 A 0.7 54.4 A 0.9 13.5 A 0.6 6.9 A 0.4

1 to 4 employees 16.1 A 0.9 25.7 A 1.1 40.3 A 1.2 10.4 A 0.8 7.5 A 0.7 7.7 A 0.6 25.7 A 1.1 48.1 A 1.3 11.7 A 0.8 6.7 A 0.6



100 to 499 employees 9.1 A 1.7 14.7 B 3.5 56.3 B 3.6 9.2 A 1.8 10.7 A 2.1 1.0 A 0.3 10.6 B 3.1 68.7 B 3.4 11.7 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.9

Atlantic 10.6 A 1.7 16.9 A 1.9 49.3 A 2.3 15.6 A 1.7 7.5 A 1.4 5.5 A 1.2 18.8 A 2.0 55.5 B 2.5 15.1 A 2.0 5.1 A 1.2

Quebec 12.4 A 1.3 21.2 A 1.8 47.5 A 2.1 11.5 A 1.4 7.5 A 1.0 4.8 A 0.7 22.9 A 1.8 53.4 A 2.0 12.2 A 1.3 6.7 A 0.9

Ontario 11.3 A 1.0 18.1 A 1.1 50.8 A 1.4 12.5 A 1.0 7.2 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.7 14.9 A 0.9 58.1 A 1.3 13.7 A 1.0 7.1 A 0.7

Northern Ontario 11.1 A 1.8 17.3 A 2.4 55.9 B 3.1 9.1 A 1.7 6.5 A 1.6 5.8 A 1.4 18.7 A 2.4 62.4 B 2.9 9.9 A 1.7 3.2 A 0.9

Southern Ontario 11.4 A 1.0 18.1 A 1.1 50.5 A 1.4 12.8 A 1.0 7.3 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.7 14.7 A 1.0 57.8 A 1.4 14.0 A 1.0 7.3 A 0.8

Prairies 22.8 A 1.6 24.7 A 1.7 35.9 A 1.7 9.8 A 1.1 6.8 A 0.9 7.9 A 0.9 21.8 A 1.6 50.7 A 1.8 12.9 A 1.3 6.7 A 0.9

Manitoba 13.5 B 2.7 25.6 B 3.6 43.2 B 3.6 9.8 A 2.1 7.9 A 2.2 5.3 A 1.6 16.2 B 2.9 61.7 B 3.7 12.6 B 2.6 4.2 A 1.7

Saskatchewan 13.6 B 2.6 19.5 B 2.8 43.8 B 3.6 13.0 B 2.9 10.2 A 2.1 6.0 A 1.4 17.6 B 2.9 53.8 B 3.7 16.1 B 3.0 6.6 A 2.0

Alberta 26.9 A 2.2 25.7 A 2.2 32.5 A 2.3 9.0 A 1.4 5.8 A 1.0 8.9 A 1.2 24.1 A 2.1 47.5 A 2.4 12.2 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.1

British Columbia and Territories 7.7 A 1.2 20.1 A 2.0 46.6 A 2.3 13.6 A 1.7 12.1 A 1.7 6.3 A 1.1 19.5 A 2.0 51.8 A 2.4 14.7 A 1.6 7.8 A 1.3

St. John's 17.5 D 8.6 16.4 D 7.7 48.1 D 9.4 14.0 C 5.9 3.9 B 3.1 4.2 B 3.0 27.2 D 8.4 51.4 D 9.2 16.5 D 8.3 0.7 A 0.7

Halifax 9.7 B 3.3 29.8 C 6.8 40.2 C 6.4 14.0 B 4.2 6.4 C 5.1 9.8 B 4.8 21.9 C 5.3 41.3 C 6.3 17.9 C 5.2 9.1 C 5.4

Quebec 14.0 B 4.7 22.1 C 6.8 48.7 C 7.3 9.3 B 3.2 5.8 B 2.5 1.6 A 1.0 18.0 C 5.1 58.5 C 6.9 15.5 B 4.8 6.3 B 3.0

Montreal 15.2 A 2.4 21.6 B 2.7 44.1 B 3.1 10.6 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.6 5.4 A 1.1 21.5 B 2.6 51.6 B 2.9 14.0 A 2.0 7.5 A 1.5

Ottawa-Gatineau 15.2 B 4.1 20.7 B 3.9 42.0 B 4.7 18.4 B 4.6 3.7 A 1.3 5.1 A 2.1 21.5 B 4.3 49.1 B 4.7 14.7 B 3.3 9.6 B 3.3

Toronto 12.9 A 1.7 16.2 A 1.7 51.1 A 2.3 12.8 A 1.6 7.0 A 1.1 6.3 A 1.2 12.4 A 1.5 59.5 A 2.2 14.9 A 1.6 6.9 A 1.1

Kingston 12.1 B 3.7 17.0 B 4.0 56.7 C 5.2 12.0 B 3.4 2.2 A 1.1 3.8 A 1.5 16.3 B 4.0 60.1 C 5.1 15.4 B 4.0 4.4 A 2.4

Hamilton 5.9 A 2.3 21.4 C 5.7 51.9 C 6.2 8.9 B 3.7 11.8 B 4.7 5.4 B 2.8 13.9 B 4.7 56.3 C 6.5 13.1 B 4.0 11.3 C 5.1

St. Catharines-Niagara 5.6 A 2.1 25.7 C 6.3 50.3 C 6.4 11.7 B 3.7 6.7 A 2.1 10.7 B 4.0 27.3 C 6.4 43.5 C 5.9 12.0 B 3.7 6.5 A 2.3

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 10.5 B 4.2 18.2 B 4.3 50.6 C 5.6 15.4 B 4.5 5.3 A 2.0 8.2 B 2.6 13.4 B 3.7 55.2 C 5.9 14.4 B 3.9 8.8 B 4.2

London 9.8 B 3.7 20.5 C 5.2 55.4 C 5.9 9.8 B 3.3 4.5 A 1.7 3.1 A 1.6 22.9 C 5.3 60.0 C 6.1 11.7 B 4.2 2.3 A 1.3

Windsor 5.4 B 3.3 17.9 B 4.4 56.9 C 6.0 8.7 B 2.9 11.1 B 4.7 1.1 A 0.9 23.3 C 5.4 56.2 C 6.3 10.0 B 3.8 9.5 B 3.6

Thunder Bay 9.1 B 3.2 14.9 B 3.5 55.4 C 5.8 11.8 B 4.1 8.8 B 4.2 10.8 B 4.1 14.2 B 3.1 57.8 C 5.6 11.4 B 3.9 5.8 B 2.6

Winnipeg 12.9 B 3.2 28.4 B 4.8 39.6 B 4.4 10.7 B 2.8 8.4 B 2.8 6.1 A 2.2 18.1 B 3.9 59.6 B 4.8 11.2 B 3.1 5.1 A 2.4

Calgary 28.5 B 4.0 24.4 B 3.9 32.9 B 4.1 8.4 A 2.1 5.8 A 1.9 8.3 A 2.2 23.2 B 3.7 47.4 B 4.2 13.2 A 2.4 7.8 A 2.1

Edmonton 29.0 B 4.4 23.7 B 3.7 31.9 B 4.4 10.1 B 3.1 5.2 A 1.8 9.6 B 2.5 28.2 B 4.3 45.4 B 4.5 9.4 B 3.2 7.4 A 2.2

Vancouver 6.3 A 1.4 20.8 B 3.3 47.1 B 3.6 14.0 B 2.5 11.8 A 2.5 4.9 A 1.3 19.9 B 3.2 51.4 B 3.7 15.1 A 2.4 8.7 A 2.0

Victoria 5.9 B 3.1 11.2 C 5.9 55.6 D 9.0 17.0 C 6.8 10.3 C 6.1 3.0 A 2.3 9.9 C 5.2 53.8 D 8.5 33.1 D 8.3 0.2 A 0.2

13.8 A 2.0 21.7 A 2.1 42.7 A 2.5 12.7 A 1.8 9.0 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.6 24.5 A 2.3 47.3 B 2.7 13.3 A 2.0 5.6 A 1.1

12.5 A 1.8 23.1 A 2.3 40.4 A 2.4 14.9 A 1.9 9.1 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.1 18.3 A 2.1 54.5 B 2.6 14.0 A 1.7 7.3 A 1.4

12.2 A 1.6 17.2 A 1.7 46.9 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.6 9.2 A 1.3 6.0 A 1.2 13.7 A 1.6 54.5 A 2.4 15.6 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.4

14.2 A 1.7 16.4 A 1.8 47.7 A 2.3 12.2 A 1.4 9.4 A 1.4 7.4 A 1.3 12.9 A 1.7 56.2 A 2.4 16.0 A 1.8 7.5 A 1.3

13.4 A 1.5 20.7 A 2.2 49.9 A 2.5 10.3 A 1.6 5.6 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.4 12.4 A 1.5 59.2 B 2.5 14.7 A 2.0 6.0 A 1.2

13.0 A 1.8 24.2 B 2.5 45.8 B 2.8 11.3 A 1.7 5.7 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.3 21.6 A 2.2 55.2 B 2.7 12.3 A 1.9 6.0 A 1.4

13.6 A 1.7 16.9 A 1.8 46.5 A 2.4 11.9 A 1.5 11.2 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.1 19.8 A 1.9 48.7 A 2.3 17.1 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.4

16.8 A 2.1 14.4 A 2.0 55.9 B 2.6 9.8 A 1.5 3.1 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.1 16.8 A 1.9 64.6 A 2.4 9.5 A 1.3 3.1 A 0.9

9.1 A 1.4 18.7 A 2.0 53.9 B 2.5 11.9 A 1.6 6.5 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.0 19.2 A 2.1 56.9 B 2.6 13.0 A 1.8 6.1 A 1.3

13.6 A 1.7 23.7 A 2.0 43.5 A 2.3 11.2 A 1.6 8.1 A 1.2 5.8 A 0.9 24.8 A 2.1 51.9 A 2.3 10.5 A 1.4 7.0 A 1.1

Tourism 12.1 B 2.9 16.5 B 3.3 53.2 B 4.6 11.3 B 3.5 6.9 B 2.5 3.8 A 1.2 17.0 B 3.2 60.7 B 4.3 11.1 B 2.5 7.3 B 2.7

Information and Communication 13.3 A 2.4 20.7 B 3.0 47.5 B 3.5 8.5 A 1.6 10.0 A 1.9 8.2 A 2.1 21.0 B 3.0 47.5 B 3.4 10.8 A 2.0 12.5 A 2.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 19.9 B 4.7 26.5 C 5.8 30.9 C 5.0 14.8 B 4.3 7.9 B 2.8 4.9 A 2.4 34.6 C 6.0 38.0 C 5.5 15.6 B 4.2 6.9 B 2.7

Rural 12.1 A 1.3 22.5 A 1.6 46.7 A 1.8 11.3 A 1.2 7.5 A 0.9 5.9 A 0.8 21.2 A 1.5 55.3 A 1.9 11.3 A 1.1 6.4 A 0.9

Urban 13.5 A 0.7 19.8 A 0.8 46.2 A 1.0 12.3 A 0.7 8.1 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.4 18.6 A 0.8 54.2 A 1.0 14.0 A 0.7 7.0 A 0.5

Exporter 8.9 A 1.1 16.2 A 2.0 43.7 A 2.3 15.9 A 1.9 15.2 A 1.8 5.4 A 0.9 11.8 A 1.8 49.2 A 2.3 18.6 A 1.7 15.0 A 1.7

Non-exporter 13.8 A 0.7 20.9 A 0.8 46.6 A 0.9 11.6 A 0.6 7.1 A 0.5 6.3 A 0.4 20.1 A 0.8 55.1 A 0.9 12.8 A 0.6 5.8 A 0.4

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 2.9 A 0.9 5.7 A 1.3 28.6 B 2.8 27.1 B 2.8 35.7 B 3.2

0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 3.2 A 1.1 7.9 A 1.4 38.6 B 2.6 39.1 B 2.5 11.1 A 1.7

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 3.3 A 0.4 12.2 A 0.9 73.6 A 1.2 9.0 A 0.8 1.9 A 0.3

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.7 A 1.2 44.8 A 2.2 39.0 A 2.1 4.2 A 0.8 2.4 A 0.6

100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 19.8 A 1.9 29.6 A 2.5 42.5 B 2.7 5.6 A 1.1 2.5 A 0.7

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.2 A 0.7 12.9 A 1.8 50.1 B 2.7 19.8 A 2.2 14.1 A 1.9

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 12.7 A 1.1 18.6 A 1.3 43.2 A 1.6 14.4 A 1.1 11.0 A 1.0 5.6 A 0.7 16.6 A 1.3 52.9 A 1.7 16.4 A 1.2 8.5 A 0.9


Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 13.9 A 1.0 22.2 A 1.2 47.3 A 1.4 10.2 A 0.9 6.3 A 0.7 7.4 A 0.7 21.6 A 1.3 56.4 A 1.4 10.7 A 0.9 3.9 A 0.5

9.3 A 1.1 17.1 A 1.6 45.8 A 2.1 14.2 A 1.6 13.6 A 1.4 3.4 A 0.6 11.9 A 1.4 51.8 A 2.0 20.4 A 1.6 12.5 A 1.3

11.0 A 1.5 13.3 A 1.7 46.9 A 2.4 13.3 A 1.6 15.5 A 1.8 4.0 A 0.9 9.3 A 1.3 51.7 A 2.4 21.3 A 2.0 13.6 A 1.6

9.7 A 1.4 17.3 A 2.1 43.6 A 2.5 15.7 A 1.9 13.7 A 1.7 3.6 A 0.8 10.2 A 1.4 51.3 A 2.4 20.6 A 2.0 14.3 A 1.7

13.9 A 1.5 20.7 A 2.2 36.9 A 2.3 15.9 A 2.0 12.6 A 1.6 5.4 A 1.1 10.6 A 1.6 50.6 A 2.4 21.7 A 2.0 11.6 A 1.4

11.2 A 0.9 17.8 A 1.3 44.4 A 1.6 14.0 A 1.2 12.5 A 1.1 4.5 A 0.6 12.4 A 1.1 52.3 A 1.5 19.8 A 1.3 11.1 A 0.9

14.0 A 0.8 22.2 A 0.9 46.0 A 1.1 11.5 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.5 6.9 A 0.5 22.7 A 1.0 54.1 A 1.1 10.8 A 0.7 5.4 A 0.5

Holds IP 13.1 A 1.2 15.7 A 1.3 44.2 A 1.7 14.1 A 1.2 13.1 A 1.2 5.6 A 0.7 11.6 A 1.1 52.9 A 1.6 17.7 A 1.3 12.2 A 1.1

Holds Formal IP 12.7 A 1.7 15.7 A 1.9 44.6 B 2.5 14.3 A 1.8 12.6 A 1.7 4.5 A 0.9 10.2 A 1.5 54.4 A 2.5 17.9 A 2.0 13.1 A 1.8

No IP 13.1 A 0.7 22.7 A 0.9 46.0 A 1.0 11.6 A 0.7 6.5 A 0.5 6.4 A 0.5 22.4 A 0.9 53.8 A 1.1 12.1 A 0.7 5.3 A 0.5

Not familiar with any type of IP 13.0 A 0.7 20.0 A 0.9 45.5 A 1.0 12.5 A 0.7 9.0 A 0.6 6.1 A 0.5 16.7 A 0.8 54.7 A 1.0 14.6 A 0.7 7.9 A 0.6

Familiar with at least one type of IP 13.6 A 1.3 23.7 A 1.7 45.5 A 1.9 11.5 A 1.4 5.6 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.9 29.7 A 1.9 49.3 A 2.0 10.0 A 1.1 4.6 A 0.7

Procurement Did business with Federal government 12.6 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.5 54.6 B 2.8 13.4 A 2.0 10.3 A 1.8 3.5 A 1.3 8.4 A 1.5 61.8 B 2.8 16.7 A 2.2 9.6 A 1.7

<30 years old 14.7 C 7.3 13.8 B 4.9 47.5 D 9.1 7.2 B 2.6 16.8 D 7.6 3.5 A 1.8 14.2 B 4.4 52.5 C 6.3 20.1 B 4.4 9.7 B 4.7

30 to 39 years old 11.5 A 1.7 19.7 A 2.1 43.0 B 2.6 15.6 A 1.9 10.2 A 1.6 5.0 A 1.0 14.0 A 1.8 54.9 A 2.4 15.2 A 1.6 11.0 A 1.5

40 to 49 years old 13.0 A 1.3 17.8 A 1.4 46.6 A 1.8 13.2 A 1.2 9.3 A 1.0 5.5 A 0.8 16.4 A 1.4 53.7 A 1.7 15.8 A 1.3 8.6 A 0.9


65+ years old 12.4 A 1.4 23.0 A 1.9 45.1 A 2.3 12.5 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.2 9.5 A 1.3 22.1 A 1.9 52.4 A 2.4 11.3 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.0

Less than high school 12.1 A 1.9 23.1 B 3.0 49.3 B 3.3 10.4 A 2.1 5.2 A 1.2 9.4 A 2.1 24.0 B 3.1 51.0 B 3.5 11.9 A 2.4 3.7 A 0.9

High school 15.3 A 1.4 20.9 A 1.4 45.0 A 1.8 12.3 A 1.3 6.5 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.9 22.2 A 1.6 54.8 A 1.8 10.8 A 1.1 5.2 A 0.8

College/Cegep/Trade School 13.7 A 1.1 21.1 A 1.4 45.4 A 1.5 11.5 A 1.0 8.3 A 0.9 4.8 A 0.6 17.9 A 1.2 54.5 A 1.6 15.1 A 1.2 7.7 A 0.8

Bachelor's degree 10.9 A 1.2 18.4 A 1.4 48.7 A 1.7 13.1 A 1.2 8.9 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.7 17.0 A 1.3 55.2 A 1.7 14.9 A 1.1 7.9 A 0.9

Master's degree or above 13.4 A 1.6 20.1 A 2.0 44.7 A 2.4 12.0 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.5 8.3 A 1.2 18.1 A 1.9 53.6 A 2.3 12.4 A 1.4 7.7 A 1.2

In Canada 12.8 A 0.7 20.4 A 0.8 46.1 A 1.0 12.2 A 0.7 8.5 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.4 19.1 A 0.8 55.0 A 1.0 13.0 A 0.7 7.3 A 0.5

Outside Canada 14.5 A 1.3 20.3 A 1.5 47.0 A 1.8 11.9 A 1.2 6.4 A 0.9 7.9 A 1.0 19.1 A 1.5 52.7 A 1.8 14.7 A 1.3 5.7 A 0.7

0% 12.7 A 0.8 21.9 A 1.0 44.3 A 1.2 12.6 A 0.8 8.6 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.5 20.5 A 1.0 53.2 A 1.2 13.6 A 0.8 7.1 A 0.6

1% to 49% 13.0 A 1.8 19.3 A 2.1 48.7 B 2.6 10.8 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.2 5.0 A 1.0 16.6 A 1.9 60.0 A 2.4 11.5 A 1.3 7.0 A 1.2

50% 14.8 A 1.4 17.1 A 1.4 49.1 A 1.8 12.6 A 1.3 6.5 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.0 16.7 A 1.3 54.0 A 1.8 15.1 A 1.4 6.7 A 0.8

51% to 99% 12.9 B 3.6 16.7 B 4.0 49.9 C 5.6 9.4 B 2.6 11.1 B 3.8 5.1 A 2.1 11.4 B 3.2 56.6 C 5.5 18.5 B 4.9 8.4 A 2.4

100% 13.3 A 1.8 21.1 A 2.2 47.5 B 2.5 10.9 A 1.7 7.2 A 1.3 7.4 A 1.2 20.5 A 2.0 55.0 A 2.4 10.7 A 1.4 6.3 A 1.2

Potential Borrowers25.5 B 3.6 23.6 B 3.4 38.0 B 3.9 6.5 A 2.1 6.4 A 2.2 9.9 A 2.2 21.1 B 3.3 48.5 B 4.1 16.4 B 3.7 4.1 A 1.5


16.3 B 4.3 16.6 B 4.6 37.8 C 5.4 14.8 B 4.3 14.5 B 3.4 5.2 A 2.3 8.7 B 3.1 41.0 C 5.1 27.6 B 4.9 17.5 B 3.7

Co-operatives Co-operatives 15.3 A 1.4 14.5 A 1.3 57.6 A 1.8 7.5 A 1.0 5.1 A 0.8 5.8 A 0.9 16.0 A 1.5 63.4 A 1.9 9.9 A 1.2 4.9 A 0.8

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 11.6 A 1.3 13.1 A 1.4 48.6 A 2.3 16.4 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.7 7.2 A 1.1 61.0 A 2.3 18.3 A 1.9 11.8 A 1.6

Not-for-profit 13.8 A 1.1 22.5 A 1.2 50.0 A 1.4 8.4 A 0.7 5.3 A 0.6 3.9 A 0.7 24.3 A 1.3 61.2 A 1.4 7.5 A 0.7 3.1 A 0.4


For-profit 16.0 B 3.0 14.7 B 2.8 45.6 B 3.9 14.8 B 2.8 9.0 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.9 10.9 A 2.5 53.8 B 3.9 16.7 B 3.2 10.8 A 2.5

13.7 A 0.7 20.0 A 0.8 45.8 A 0.9 12.3 A 0.6 8.2 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.4 18.9 A 0.8 53.8 A 0.9 14.0 A 0.6 7.2 A 0.5

10.5 A 1.5 22.8 A 2.1 49.4 A 2.4 10.7 A 1.7 6.6 A 1.1 7.0 A 1.2 20.2 A 2.0 58.1 A 2.4 9.5 A 1.3 5.1 A 0.9


Between 11% and 20% per year

20% or more per year

Over the last three years Over the next three years

Less than 0% (negative sales

growth)

Between 1% and 10% per year0% (no growth)Between 11% and

20% per year20% or more per

yearLess than 0% (scale

back)

Table 18: Average Yearly Growth in Sales/RevenuesSurvey question(s):I.1. Over the last three years, what was the average yearly growth of your business’ sales or total revenues?I.2. In the next three years, what is the expected average yearly growth of your business’ sales or total revenues?

Notes:I.1 is applicable only to those that have sold goods and services in the last three years.I.2 ia applicable to all respondents.


Average yearly growth in sales/revenues



Employment Size

Region

CMA Level




0% (no growth) Between 1% and 10% per year

Location

Export Status



Age of Business



or introducedAt least one of the 4 above innovationsNon-Innovator (none of the above)




Place of birth



Female Ownership


Social Enterprises

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All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 50.0 A 0.8 18.7 A 0.6 13.3 A 0.5 18.0 A 0.6 45.9 A 0.8 17.7 A 0.6 17.5 A 0.6 18.9 A 0.6 39.8 A 0.8 24.2 A 0.7 20.3 A 0.7 15.7 A 0.6 66.0 A 0.8 17.6 A 0.6 8.7 A 0.4 7.7 A 0.4 49.7 A 0.8 15.6 A 0.6 15.8 A 0.6 18.9 A 0.6 35.3 A 0.8 20.3 A 0.6 24.4 A 0.7 20.0 A 0.6 34.9 A 0.8 24.4 A 0.7 23.9 A 0.7 16.8 A 0.6 36.8 A 0.8 23.2 A 0.7 23.3 A 0.7 16.7 A 0.6 42.2 A 0.8 23.9 A 0.7 19.3 A 0.6 14.6 A 0.6 83.1 A 0.6 1.8 A 0.2 5.6 A 0.4 9.5 A 0.5

1 to 4 employees 62.2 A 1.1 16.4 A 0.9 9.2 A 0.7 12.3 A 0.8 58.8 A 1.1 14.4 A 0.8 12.6 A 0.8 14.2 A 0.8 44.0 A 1.2 21.6 A 1.0 19.1 A 1.0 15.3 A 0.8 71.0 A 1.0 14.7 A 0.8 7.6 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.5 56.4 A 1.2 14.1 A 0.8 13.5 A 0.8 15.9 A 0.9 43.5 A 1.2 19.7 A 0.9 20.3 A 0.9 16.5 A 0.8 41.6 A 1.2 21.0 A 0.9 21.2 A 1.0 16.1 A 0.9 43.0 A 1.2 19.9 A 0.9 21.2 A 1.0 15.8 A 0.9 47.4 A 1.1 22.2 A 1.0 18.0 A 0.9 12.4 A 0.8 83.0 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.4 5.9 A 0.6 9.1 A 0.7



100 to 499 employees 28.9 B 3.0 26.0 B 2.6 25.5 B 3.3 19.6 B 2.8 19.8 A 2.0 27.6 B 2.9 32.9 B 3.3 19.7 B 3.2 35.8 B 3.3 29.1 B 3.0 20.5 B 2.6 14.6 B 2.9 61.4 B 3.4 22.0 A 2.5 6.7 A 1.2 9.9 B 3.4 43.1 B 3.4 22.6 B 3.0 15.8 A 1.8 18.4 B 2.8 16.9 A 1.8 30.7 B 3.1 32.4 B 3.4 20.1 B 3.1 20.0 B 2.5 23.9 B 2.5 35.7 B 3.3 20.4 B 3.3 31.9 B 3.2 29.0 B 2.7 25.4 B 3.2 13.7 B 2.6 35.2 B 3.2 28.8 B 2.9 22.8 B 3.1 13.2 B 2.6 86.3 B 2.6 0.8 A 0.3 4.7 A 0.9 8.2 B 2.6

Atlantic 52.2 A 2.2 19.3 A 1.7 13.0 A 1.5 15.5 A 1.7 49.6 A 2.1 17.9 A 1.7 16.8 A 1.7 15.7 A 1.7 41.3 A 2.3 24.7 A 2.0 19.8 A 1.8 14.1 A 1.8 68.9 A 2.1 16.8 A 1.8 8.2 A 1.2 6.1 A 1.0 45.6 A 2.4 20.0 A 1.8 22.1 A 2.1 12.3 A 1.6 32.0 A 2.2 25.4 A 1.9 27.8 A 2.2 14.7 A 1.6 39.4 A 2.2 22.7 A 1.8 23.9 A 2.0 14.0 A 1.6 35.6 A 2.3 18.8 A 1.7 27.5 A 2.2 18.1 A 1.9 37.7 A 2.4 30.7 A 2.3 21.3 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.5 84.6 A 1.6 1.6 A 0.4 6.1 A 1.2 7.8 A 1.1

Quebec 48.3 A 1.9 13.1 A 1.2 15.2 A 1.3 23.5 A 1.6 46.8 A 1.8 15.8 A 1.4 17.2 A 1.4 20.1 A 1.6 48.8 A 1.9 21.7 A 1.6 18.7 A 1.6 10.8 A 1.0 66.7 A 1.7 15.6 A 1.3 9.7 A 1.1 8.0 A 0.9 55.9 A 1.9 12.1 A 1.2 16.8 A 1.5 15.2 A 1.4 41.4 A 1.8 18.5 A 1.5 24.4 A 1.5 15.7 A 1.3 35.9 A 1.8 21.7 A 1.6 25.5 A 1.7 17.0 A 1.3 35.6 A 1.9 20.2 A 1.6 27.9 A 1.8 16.4 A 1.3 46.7 A 1.8 18.7 A 1.4 18.8 A 1.5 15.8 A 1.4 82.8 A 1.6 1.8 A 0.7 5.6 A 1.1 9.7 A 1.1

Ontario 50.0 A 1.3 19.5 A 1.0 13.7 A 0.9 16.8 A 0.9 43.5 A 1.2 18.7 A 1.0 17.7 A 0.9 20.1 A 1.0 36.3 A 1.2 26.5 A 1.1 21.4 A 1.1 15.9 A 1.0 64.6 A 1.3 19.1 A 1.1 8.3 A 0.7 8.1 A 0.7 45.8 A 1.3 16.3 A 1.0 16.2 A 1.0 21.8 A 1.0 32.9 A 1.2 21.3 A 1.0 23.3 A 1.1 22.4 A 1.0 31.6 A 1.2 25.2 A 1.1 23.9 A 1.1 19.3 A 1.1 38.6 A 1.3 24.6 A 1.1 21.1 A 1.0 15.7 A 1.0 38.8 A 1.3 25.0 A 1.1 21.2 A 1.1 14.9 A 0.9 82.5 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.4 6.5 A 0.7 8.9 A 0.7

Northern Ontario 43.0 B 2.9 18.1 A 2.1 15.6 A 2.0 23.3 B 2.6 35.0 B 2.7 17.2 A 2.1 18.7 A 2.3 29.1 B 2.8 36.7 B 2.8 25.0 B 2.5 23.0 A 2.4 15.3 A 2.2 61.5 B 2.8 20.3 A 2.3 9.4 A 1.5 8.8 A 1.7 35.3 B 2.8 17.6 A 2.1 14.5 A 1.9 32.6 B 2.8 25.9 B 2.6 19.8 A 2.3 27.7 B 2.6 26.6 B 2.6 32.1 B 2.5 31.2 B 2.8 21.5 A 2.3 15.2 A 2.2 37.5 B 2.8 24.7 B 2.6 20.1 A 2.2 17.6 A 2.3 39.7 B 2.8 21.9 A 2.3 22.8 B 2.5 15.6 A 2.1 80.3 A 2.3 3.5 A 1.4 5.3 A 1.1 10.9 A 1.7

Southern Ontario 50.4 A 1.3 19.6 A 1.1 13.6 A 0.9 16.4 A 1.0 44.1 A 1.3 18.8 A 1.1 17.6 A 1.0 19.5 A 1.1 36.2 A 1.3 26.6 A 1.2 21.3 A 1.1 15.9 A 1.0 64.8 A 1.3 19.0 A 1.1 8.2 A 0.8 8.0 A 0.7 46.5 A 1.4 16.2 A 1.0 16.3 A 1.0 21.1 A 1.1 33.4 A 1.3 21.4 A 1.1 23.1 A 1.1 22.1 A 1.1 31.6 A 1.3 24.8 A 1.1 24.1 A 1.1 19.5 A 1.1 38.7 A 1.3 24.6 A 1.2 21.2 A 1.1 15.6 A 1.0 38.8 A 1.3 25.2 A 1.2 21.1 A 1.1 14.9 A 1.0 82.7 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4 6.6 A 0.7 8.8 A 0.8

Prairies 55.4 A 1.7 22.8 A 1.5 9.3 A 0.9 12.6 A 1.1 51.1 A 1.7 18.9 A 1.4 14.9 A 1.1 15.1 A 1.3 32.1 A 1.6 22.7 A 1.4 22.0 A 1.4 23.2 A 1.5 65.8 A 1.6 18.2 A 1.3 8.0 A 0.9 8.0 A 1.0 49.4 A 1.7 15.9 A 1.3 14.0 A 1.2 20.7 A 1.4 30.2 A 1.6 20.8 A 1.4 26.4 A 1.5 22.6 A 1.5 35.4 A 1.7 26.3 A 1.5 22.6 A 1.4 15.7 A 1.2 34.6 A 1.6 22.9 A 1.5 24.5 A 1.5 17.9 A 1.4 42.7 A 1.7 23.4 A 1.5 18.9 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.2 82.4 A 1.3 1.1 A 0.3 5.1 A 0.7 11.4 A 1.1

Manitoba 53.9 B 3.6 22.4 B 3.0 11.5 A 2.1 12.2 A 2.4 44.8 B 3.5 15.8 A 2.5 22.6 B 2.9 16.7 B 2.8 31.1 B 3.3 25.8 B 3.2 26.4 B 3.3 16.8 B 2.6 66.8 B 3.4 15.6 B 2.6 9.5 A 2.3 8.1 A 2.2 50.1 B 3.6 20.5 B 3.0 16.5 B 2.8 12.9 A 2.4 31.1 B 3.2 26.3 B 3.2 27.7 B 3.3 14.8 A 2.4 30.0 B 3.3 26.1 B 3.1 26.1 B 3.1 17.8 B 2.7 42.5 B 3.6 27.2 B 3.2 18.0 B 2.7 12.4 A 2.4 48.7 B 3.7 25.4 B 3.1 14.4 A 2.3 11.5 B 2.5 86.5 B 2.5 0.6 A 0.3 5.8 A 1.7 7.0 A 1.9

Saskatchewan 48.8 B 3.5 23.0 B 2.8 14.4 A 2.3 13.8 B 2.5 44.8 B 3.4 18.0 B 2.5 22.0 B 2.8 15.2 B 2.6 36.1 B 3.4 21.4 B 2.6 21.1 B 2.7 21.3 B 2.8 67.2 B 3.0 20.0 B 2.5 6.9 A 1.6 5.9 A 1.4 55.0 B 3.4 15.6 A 2.4 13.3 A 2.1 16.2 A 2.3 25.1 B 2.8 26.0 B 3.2 28.8 B 3.1 20.1 B 2.7 37.2 B 3.4 23.8 B 2.8 23.8 B 2.8 15.3 A 2.5 41.8 B 3.4 19.4 B 2.7 22.6 B 3.0 16.2 B 2.7 41.4 B 3.4 19.3 B 2.7 23.3 B 2.7 16.0 A 2.4 76.6 B 3.1 1.0 A 0.5 9.2 A 2.3 13.2 A 2.5

Alberta 57.2 A 2.2 22.8 A 1.9 7.6 A 1.0 12.4 A 1.5 53.9 A 2.2 19.8 A 1.9 11.6 A 1.3 14.7 A 1.6 31.4 A 2.1 22.3 A 1.9 21.3 A 1.9 25.0 A 2.1 65.2 A 2.2 18.3 A 1.7 8.0 A 1.2 8.5 A 1.3 47.9 A 2.2 14.9 A 1.6 13.6 A 1.5 23.5 A 1.9 31.2 A 2.1 18.4 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.9 25.0 A 2.0 36.2 A 2.2 26.9 A 2.0 21.5 A 1.8 15.4 A 1.5 31.2 A 2.1 22.8 A 2.0 26.4 A 2.0 19.6 A 1.9 41.7 A 2.2 23.9 A 2.0 18.9 A 1.6 15.5 A 1.6 82.8 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.4 3.9 A 0.9 12.0 A 1.4

British Columbia and Territories 45.0 A 2.2 19.2 A 1.8 14.9 A 1.7 20.9 A 1.8 42.3 A 2.2 16.5 A 1.7 20.9 A 1.9 20.3 A 1.7 44.0 A 2.4 24.5 A 2.0 18.1 A 1.7 13.3 A 1.6 67.1 A 2.1 17.0 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.2 7.0 A 1.2 51.7 A 2.3 16.9 A 1.7 13.5 A 1.5 17.8 A 1.9 39.5 A 2.3 18.2 A 1.7 23.1 A 2.0 19.1 A 1.7 38.3 A 2.3 24.9 A 1.9 23.2 A 1.9 13.6 A 1.6 37.5 A 2.3 26.7 A 2.0 18.6 A 1.7 17.2 A 1.9 44.5 A 2.3 26.5 A 2.1 15.8 A 1.6 13.3 A 1.6 85.4 A 1.6 2.1 A 0.6 4.1 A 0.8 8.4 A 1.3

St. John's 58.5 D 9.0 25.2 D 8.5 7.1 B 3.9 9.3 B 4.3 65.0 D 8.6 10.8 B 4.9 18.6 D 7.5 5.6 B 3.2 31.5 D 8.1 32.7 D 8.8 28.9 D 8.5 6.9 B 3.5 71.5 D 8.5 15.3 D 7.9 6.0 B 3.6 7.2 B 3.9 63.8 D 8.6 22.0 C 7.4 10.3 C 5.1 4.0 B 2.7 39.6 D 8.7 10.4 B 4.6 34.8 D 9.5 15.2 C 5.7 35.4 D 8.7 26.7 D 8.1 30.5 D 8.6 7.4 B 3.9 36.4 D 9.2 18.9 C 6.1 35.6 D 8.8 9.1 B 4.1 31.4 D 8.4 40.1 D 9.2 17.3 C 6.1 11.2 B 4.8 75.9 D 7.8 4.3 B 2.7 16.3 C 7.5 3.4 A 2.1

Halifax 54.7 C 6.0 18.9 B 4.3 13.0 B 3.9 13.4 B 3.9 51.9 C 6.3 13.9 B 3.5 19.2 B 4.8 15.1 B 4.2 40.4 C 6.6 20.1 B 4.4 23.1 C 5.1 16.3 C 5.6 72.9 C 5.1 11.4 B 3.4 8.1 B 2.9 7.7 B 3.0 37.7 C 5.6 16.7 B 4.1 21.0 C 5.7 24.6 C 6.5 36.4 C 6.4 20.4 B 4.3 25.3 C 6.2 18.0 C 5.1 40.6 C 6.4 20.6 C 5.2 19.7 B 4.6 19.1 B 4.1 37.7 C 5.7 18.3 B 4.8 17.0 B 4.3 27.0 C 6.3 31.3 C 5.5 35.5 C 6.5 15.9 B 4.1 17.3 C 5.0 79.3 C 5.7 0.0 A 0.0 11.7 C 5.1 8.9 B 3.2

Quebec 50.5 C 6.8 11.4 B 3.4 16.0 B 4.4 22.1 C 5.1 52.1 C 6.8 15.3 B 4.0 14.9 B 4.3 17.6 B 4.9 47.0 C 6.6 30.5 D 7.5 10.9 B 3.4 11.5 B 3.3 78.7 B 5.0 11.7 B 3.5 5.4 B 3.4 4.2 A 1.7 62.4 C 6.2 9.3 B 3.0 13.7 B 4.2 14.7 B 4.0 50.2 C 6.8 31.1 C 5.8 10.3 B 3.1 8.4 B 2.6 36.2 C 6.9 18.2 B 4.3 30.3 C 6.8 15.3 B 4.7 47.9 C 6.9 16.1 B 4.8 14.6 B 3.3 21.4 B 4.7 65.2 C 5.7 8.3 B 2.8 16.2 B 4.1 10.3 B 3.1 90.0 B 3.0 1.4 A 1.2 2.8 A 1.8 5.7 A 2.1

Montreal 52.1 B 2.8 13.5 A 1.7 15.5 A 1.9 18.9 A 2.2 47.6 B 2.8 15.7 A 2.0 18.6 A 2.3 18.1 A 2.2 45.3 B 2.9 22.4 A 2.3 20.3 B 2.5 12.1 A 1.7 63.0 B 2.7 18.2 A 2.2 10.8 A 1.6 8.0 A 1.5 55.7 B 2.8 13.4 A 2.1 15.3 A 2.2 15.6 A 2.1 38.2 B 2.7 18.5 A 2.3 27.3 A 2.5 15.9 A 2.0 28.7 A 2.5 22.8 A 2.4 26.2 A 2.5 22.3 A 2.3 32.2 B 2.7 21.1 A 2.4 28.7 B 2.7 17.9 A 2.1 41.8 B 2.8 20.4 A 2.2 19.8 A 2.3 18.1 A 2.2 81.6 A 2.4 2.1 A 1.0 6.6 A 1.7 9.8 A 1.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 46.9 B 4.9 17.6 B 3.2 21.1 B 4.4 14.4 B 2.7 43.9 B 4.5 18.6 B 3.4 16.7 B 2.7 20.8 B 4.3 31.9 B 4.2 31.1 B 4.8 23.6 B 4.6 13.4 B 2.9 61.4 B 4.7 19.2 B 4.2 12.6 B 3.9 6.7 A 1.7 49.9 B 4.8 14.5 B 3.9 18.1 B 4.0 17.5 B 3.3 34.2 B 4.3 22.4 B 4.2 21.6 B 4.2 21.8 B 3.9 33.2 B 4.5 21.4 B 3.6 24.7 B 3.7 20.7 B 4.3 38.0 B 4.2 16.4 B 3.1 29.7 B 4.6 15.9 B 4.1 37.7 B 4.3 21.3 B 3.9 24.0 B 4.4 17.1 B 4.0 85.3 B 3.1 0.6 A 0.5 7.3 A 2.4 6.9 A 2.1

Toronto 51.8 A 2.1 20.7 A 1.8 12.8 A 1.4 14.7 A 1.5 45.2 A 2.1 19.5 A 1.8 17.4 A 1.5 17.9 A 1.7 33.2 A 2.0 25.1 A 1.9 22.0 A 1.8 19.7 A 1.8 64.5 A 2.1 17.8 A 1.7 9.5 A 1.3 8.1 A 1.1 50.5 A 2.2 17.4 A 1.6 14.4 A 1.5 17.8 A 1.6 34.6 A 2.1 22.1 A 1.8 21.7 A 1.8 21.7 A 1.7 25.8 A 1.9 23.1 A 1.8 26.8 A 1.9 24.3 A 1.9 37.5 A 2.1 24.1 A 1.8 20.3 A 1.7 18.0 A 1.7 37.5 A 2.1 24.7 A 1.9 22.2 A 1.8 15.6 A 1.5 82.0 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.7 5.9 A 1.0 9.9 A 1.3

Kingston 56.1 B 5.0 14.5 B 3.5 9.7 A 2.4 19.7 B 3.9 44.3 B 5.0 14.4 B 3.5 19.0 B 3.9 22.3 B 4.0 38.7 B 4.9 32.0 B 4.6 16.6 B 4.0 12.7 B 3.3 62.5 C 5.1 15.2 B 3.7 15.0 B 4.2 7.3 A 2.4 31.2 B 4.7 17.0 B 4.1 23.3 B 4.4 28.4 B 4.6 22.1 B 4.3 28.3 B 4.5 28.2 B 4.7 21.4 B 4.0 29.0 B 4.5 35.8 B 4.9 23.9 B 4.3 11.3 B 2.8 30.9 B 4.6 24.3 B 4.6 28.0 B 4.6 16.9 B 3.8 41.5 C 5.2 15.2 B 3.5 28.4 B 4.7 14.8 B 3.7 81.3 B 4.0 2.1 A 1.5 7.7 B 2.7 8.9 B 2.7

Hamilton 52.2 C 6.1 16.6 B 4.6 15.3 B 3.6 16.0 B 3.8 46.9 C 5.9 16.4 B 4.2 15.8 B 4.3 20.9 B 4.2 41.0 C 6.2 24.3 B 4.9 18.0 B 4.8 16.8 B 4.2 61.4 C 6.0 26.5 C 5.5 3.7 A 1.4 8.4 B 2.6 48.4 C 5.9 17.0 B 4.2 14.2 B 4.9 20.4 B 4.7 37.1 C 6.2 16.2 B 4.2 18.8 B 4.3 27.9 C 5.3 41.3 C 5.7 29.4 C 5.6 14.1 B 4.2 15.2 B 4.4 39.0 C 5.8 31.7 C 6.2 17.9 C 5.1 11.3 B 3.4 42.1 C 6.2 23.7 C 5.1 18.1 B 4.8 16.1 B 3.9 77.6 C 5.3 1.0 A 0.5 8.8 B 3.9 12.6 B 4.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 54.9 C 5.3 14.0 B 3.3 10.7 B 3.6 20.4 B 4.4 45.3 C 6.1 19.9 C 5.1 15.0 B 3.4 19.8 B 4.8 36.6 C 6.1 25.4 C 5.4 21.0 B 4.9 17.0 B 4.5 57.6 C 6.0 27.7 C 5.1 7.8 A 2.4 6.9 B 4.2 49.5 C 6.0 4.7 A 1.8 17.5 B 4.9 28.3 C 5.6 33.2 C 6.1 19.3 B 4.5 22.0 B 4.1 25.5 C 5.0 52.9 C 5.6 18.5 B 4.0 18.2 B 3.7 10.4 B 2.9 30.6 C 5.2 28.6 C 5.7 26.2 C 5.4 14.5 B 4.6 47.0 C 6.1 26.0 B 4.8 11.8 B 2.8 15.2 B 4.8 82.7 B 4.8 2.9 A 2.2 6.4 B 3.6 8.0 B 3.1

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 43.2 C 5.7 22.6 B 4.7 17.4 B 4.0 16.8 B 3.9 37.6 C 5.5 22.1 C 5.1 16.2 B 3.5 24.1 B 4.5 29.0 C 5.1 37.0 C 5.4 22.4 B 4.3 11.6 B 3.4 70.0 C 5.0 16.6 B 4.1 5.3 A 2.1 8.1 B 2.8 48.5 C 5.6 12.9 B 3.8 23.0 B 4.4 15.6 B 3.3 29.9 C 5.2 26.9 B 5.0 19.8 B 3.9 23.4 B 4.9 25.2 B 4.3 24.4 B 4.6 34.2 C 5.4 16.2 B 4.7 41.4 C 5.6 28.9 B 4.9 22.3 B 4.4 7.4 A 2.2 34.4 C 5.3 27.5 B 4.7 17.5 B 3.7 20.6 B 4.9 86.5 B 3.5 1.1 A 0.8 5.3 B 2.7 7.1 A 2.4

London 53.7 C 5.6 21.2 C 5.2 15.0 B 3.2 10.1 B 3.1 51.1 C 5.6 9.1 B 3.5 19.5 B 4.0 20.2 B 4.6 43.2 C 5.8 33.9 C 5.4 14.0 B 4.1 8.9 B 3.1 72.2 C 5.4 19.9 B 4.9 2.7 A 1.5 5.2 B 2.5 41.3 C 5.6 14.7 B 4.3 18.0 B 3.9 26.0 C 5.2 30.6 C 5.1 22.6 B 4.8 20.7 B 4.2 26.1 C 5.2 39.0 C 5.6 27.6 B 4.9 25.1 B 4.8 8.3 B 3.4 40.1 C 5.7 18.9 B 4.2 23.1 B 4.5 17.9 B 4.9 41.9 C 5.7 28.0 B 4.9 18.2 B 4.4 11.9 B 4.0 82.8 B 3.9 2.0 A 2.0 6.9 A 2.3 8.3 B 2.7

Windsor 46.9 C 6.1 12.2 B 3.3 12.0 B 3.8 29.0 C 5.0 46.2 C 6.0 14.4 B 3.3 12.6 B 3.8 26.8 B 5.0 47.7 C 6.0 27.8 C 5.4 11.0 B 3.3 13.5 B 3.6 77.4 B 4.5 10.0 B 3.0 6.2 B 2.7 6.4 B 2.6 41.7 C 5.9 20.7 C 5.2 13.0 B 3.3 24.6 B 4.9 26.8 C 5.4 16.2 B 4.6 30.8 C 5.5 26.2 B 4.9 44.5 C 6.0 22.3 B 4.9 21.1 B 4.4 12.1 B 3.4 41.0 C 6.0 16.7 B 3.9 18.2 B 4.0 24.0 C 5.2 46.2 C 5.8 18.8 B 3.9 18.9 B 4.3 16.1 B 4.6 88.3 B 3.3 1.0 A 0.8 3.8 A 1.9 6.8 B 2.8

Thunder Bay 49.8 C 5.4 20.4 B 4.3 14.1 B 3.5 15.7 B 4.5 46.1 C 5.4 14.4 B 3.2 19.0 B 4.4 20.5 B 4.8 35.3 C 5.2 25.1 C 5.1 23.2 B 4.4 16.3 B 4.2 63.4 C 5.6 16.4 B 4.3 12.9 B 4.1 7.3 B 3.0 31.2 C 5.1 22.2 B 4.7 20.6 B 4.9 26.0 B 4.7 28.2 C 5.0 21.8 B 4.3 23.0 B 4.8 27.0 B 4.9 32.7 C 5.3 30.0 C 5.0 19.6 B 4.4 17.7 B 4.6 38.2 C 5.4 15.6 B 3.3 31.3 C 5.1 14.8 B 4.7 43.4 C 5.4 19.9 B 4.3 22.1 B 4.6 14.6 B 4.2 75.6 B 4.8 2.7 A 1.7 7.9 B 2.6 13.8 B 4.4

Winnipeg 56.4 B 4.7 19.4 B 3.7 10.2 B 2.6 13.9 B 3.2 49.5 B 4.6 14.5 B 3.1 16.5 B 3.3 19.5 B 3.9 29.0 B 4.3 27.1 B 4.2 26.2 B 4.1 17.7 B 3.4 66.3 B 4.4 13.7 B 3.2 9.9 B 3.0 10.2 B 3.0 52.1 B 4.6 21.4 B 4.0 11.9 B 3.1 14.6 B 3.3 32.6 B 4.2 26.0 B 4.3 31.6 B 4.3 9.7 A 2.3 27.5 B 4.3 25.5 B 4.0 28.0 B 4.1 19.0 B 3.3 40.9 B 4.6 27.4 B 4.2 21.1 B 3.6 10.6 B 2.7 52.5 B 4.6 22.3 B 3.8 14.8 B 3.0 10.4 B 3.0 86.2 B 3.3 0.5 A 0.3 6.4 A 2.3 6.9 B 2.5

Calgary 64.4 B 3.8 17.4 B 3.0 7.9 A 2.1 10.2 A 2.4 56.6 B 3.9 17.4 B 3.2 15.0 B 2.7 10.9 A 2.1 33.8 B 3.9 22.6 B 3.7 22.0 B 3.3 21.6 B 3.2 68.3 B 3.6 19.8 B 3.3 5.5 A 1.6 6.4 A 1.5 50.9 B 4.0 16.2 B 2.9 10.3 A 2.3 22.5 B 3.5 34.8 B 3.7 18.9 B 3.3 27.6 B 3.6 18.7 B 3.2 35.9 B 4.0 26.6 B 3.7 24.5 B 3.4 12.9 A 2.4 33.8 B 3.9 24.7 B 3.4 23.1 B 3.5 18.4 B 3.4 42.5 B 4.0 23.3 B 3.4 17.4 B 3.0 16.8 B 3.0 80.9 B 3.0 1.0 A 0.8 4.5 A 1.4 13.5 B 2.6

Edmonton 60.8 B 4.3 19.9 B 3.9 6.7 A 1.8 12.6 B 2.7 57.9 B 4.3 17.6 B 3.8 10.9 A 2.4 13.5 B 2.8 36.9 B 4.3 23.9 B 3.7 18.6 B 3.5 20.6 B 3.5 67.7 B 4.1 16.2 B 3.4 8.5 A 2.2 7.5 A 1.8 49.1 B 4.5 16.9 B 3.4 11.3 A 2.3 22.7 B 3.5 32.4 B 4.1 16.1 B 3.1 20.2 B 3.6 31.3 B 4.1 33.6 B 4.2 22.3 B 4.0 20.9 B 3.4 23.3 B 3.6 27.3 B 3.9 18.7 B 3.8 32.3 B 4.1 21.8 B 3.4 45.0 B 4.5 23.1 B 4.1 16.7 B 2.7 15.1 B 2.9 84.2 B 3.1 0.4 A 0.4 2.9 A 1.2 12.4 B 2.9

Vancouver 43.4 B 3.3 18.5 B 2.6 13.9 A 2.3 24.2 B 2.9 38.1 B 3.2 16.5 B 2.5 21.4 B 2.9 24.0 B 2.8 40.8 B 3.4 26.8 B 3.0 18.0 B 2.6 14.3 A 2.4 61.9 B 3.4 20.1 B 2.8 11.6 A 2.3 6.4 A 1.7 56.7 B 3.4 15.6 A 2.4 9.1 A 1.6 18.6 B 2.8 41.3 B 3.4 18.0 A 2.4 20.0 B 2.8 20.7 B 2.8 36.5 B 3.4 24.3 B 2.8 24.9 B 3.0 14.2 A 2.4 35.8 B 3.3 30.0 B 3.1 18.9 B 2.6 15.4 B 2.7 42.0 B 3.4 28.5 B 3.3 16.6 A 2.5 12.8 A 2.2 84.8 B 2.5 2.1 A 0.9 4.3 A 1.3 8.7 A 2.1

Victoria 51.6 D 8.5 19.2 C 5.7 7.6 B 3.5 21.6 C 6.6 61.5 D 7.6 10.3 B 4.3 16.2 C 5.2 12.0 B 3.9 51.3 D 8.4 19.4 C 6.4 20.4 C 7.0 8.9 B 3.7 84.4 B 4.8 11.0 B 4.0 2.8 A 2.3 1.9 A 1.2 49.0 D 8.5 16.2 C 6.0 17.5 C 6.5 17.3 C 6.5 38.8 D 8.4 17.4 C 6.8 33.5 D 8.0 10.2 B 4.1 45.1 D 8.5 28.1 C 6.9 17.7 C 6.3 9.2 B 3.8 39.5 D 8.4 32.1 D 8.2 13.8 C 5.7 14.6 C 5.6 51.1 D 8.5 20.2 C 7.1 25.0 C 7.0 3.7 A 2.5 88.0 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 5.9 B 3.1 6.1 B 3.4

52.2 A 2.5 17.7 A 1.7 12.9 A 1.5 17.2 A 1.9 53.3 A 2.5 16.2 A 1.7 12.8 A 1.4 17.7 A 1.9 45.8 A 2.5 21.7 A 2.1 15.8 A 1.7 16.7 A 2.0 66.2 A 2.3 20.3 A 1.9 6.1 A 1.1 7.4 A 1.4 39.1 A 2.4 15.9 A 1.7 20.9 A 2.0 24.1 A 1.9 25.6 A 2.3 16.6 A 1.8 26.0 A 2.2 31.7 A 2.4 48.2 B 2.5 23.5 A 2.1 16.3 A 1.7 12.1 A 1.7 41.3 A 2.5 23.3 A 2.2 19.8 A 1.9 15.5 A 2.0 39.0 A 2.5 19.4 A 1.8 25.2 A 2.1 16.5 A 2.0 75.6 A 2.1 2.4 A 0.9 5.9 A 1.2 16.1 A 1.9

43.3 A 2.4 22.0 A 2.0 13.9 A 1.7 20.8 A 2.0 37.0 A 2.4 19.8 A 1.9 20.5 A 2.0 22.7 A 2.0 39.0 A 2.3 27.3 A 2.0 18.3 A 1.8 15.4 A 1.6 62.0 A 2.4 20.6 A 1.9 7.4 A 1.1 10.0 A 1.6 50.1 A 2.4 14.4 A 1.6 17.5 A 1.9 18.0 A 1.8 34.0 A 2.4 20.5 A 1.9 29.7 A 2.2 15.7 A 1.9 34.1 A 2.4 27.5 A 2.1 23.7 A 2.0 14.7 A 1.7 35.9 A 2.4 22.9 A 2.1 27.7 A 2.2 13.5 A 1.6 38.1 A 2.3 26.8 A 2.2 16.2 A 1.7 19.0 A 1.9 85.5 A 1.7 0.7 A 0.3 4.9 A 1.2 8.8 A 1.3




42.5 A 2.5 21.0 A 2.1 16.4 A 2.1 20.0 A 2.1 46.5 B 2.6 13.7 A 1.7 19.0 A 2.1 20.7 A 2.2 49.3 B 2.6 21.2 A 2.2 14.8 A 1.8 14.7 A 1.9 62.2 B 2.5 18.5 A 1.9 9.5 A 1.5 9.8 A 1.6 44.0 B 2.6 16.0 A 1.9 17.7 A 1.9 22.4 A 2.1 30.3 B 2.6 18.5 A 2.1 24.2 A 2.3 26.9 A 2.3 35.6 B 2.6 24.6 A 2.3 21.7 A 2.1 18.2 A 2.1 34.6 B 2.5 25.6 A 2.3 25.6 A 2.3 14.2 A 1.8 39.9 B 2.5 19.9 A 2.0 24.5 A 2.3 15.7 A 1.9 87.2 A 1.9 1.9 A 0.8 6.2 A 1.5 4.7 A 1.0





Tourism 43.6 B 4.2 25.6 B 4.0 15.2 B 3.1 15.6 B 2.7 39.1 B 4.1 22.4 B 3.8 21.3 B 3.7 17.2 B 3.0 35.2 B 4.0 20.4 B 3.0 24.9 B 4.1 19.5 B 3.6 60.6 B 4.2 22.6 B 3.6 10.8 B 2.7 6.0 A 1.8 49.2 B 4.3 12.8 A 2.5 19.0 B 3.5 19.0 B 3.1 28.2 B 4.0 21.9 B 3.1 25.2 B 4.1 24.7 B 3.5 30.1 B 3.8 24.9 B 3.4 27.8 B 4.1 17.2 B 3.6 37.6 B 4.3 25.8 B 3.9 23.8 B 3.4 12.8 B 2.6 37.4 B 4.0 28.2 B 3.9 19.3 B 3.4 15.1 B 3.3 75.7 B 3.8 1.8 A 0.9 12.5 B 3.0 9.9 B 2.8

Information and Communication 60.7 B 3.2 17.0 A 2.3 10.6 A 1.9 11.7 A 2.2 60.9 B 3.2 12.7 A 2.2 13.6 A 2.1 12.8 A 2.3 45.8 B 3.3 20.1 B 2.7 17.9 A 2.4 16.3 A 2.4 70.3 B 3.0 15.9 A 2.4 5.6 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.7 67.0 B 3.1 14.2 A 2.3 8.2 A 1.4 10.6 A 2.3 57.4 B 3.3 18.7 A 2.3 16.0 B 2.5 8.0 A 1.9 35.2 B 3.2 19.7 B 2.6 26.5 B 2.8 18.5 A 2.5 47.5 B 3.3 24.3 B 2.8 20.1 B 2.7 8.1 A 1.5 55.4 B 3.2 15.9 A 2.2 14.0 A 1.9 14.7 A 2.4 81.5 A 2.3 0.5 A 0.4 5.9 A 1.3 12.0 A 2.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 57.0 C 5.3 20.4 B 4.2 12.9 B 3.5 9.7 B 3.1 61.1 C 5.2 15.9 B 3.5 13.6 B 3.7 9.5 B 3.0 45.2 C 5.5 21.4 B 4.2 14.9 B 3.7 18.5 B 4.0 68.7 C 5.1 15.0 B 3.7 8.5 B 3.3 7.8 B 2.9 69.8 B 4.5 12.3 B 3.1 5.3 A 1.5 12.6 B 3.4 52.9 C 5.4 20.1 B 4.3 14.2 B 3.7 12.8 B 3.5 40.1 C 5.4 21.8 B 4.5 24.8 B 4.7 13.3 B 3.2 54.3 C 5.3 10.6 A 2.3 21.0 B 4.2 14.1 B 4.0 48.6 C 5.4 25.6 B 4.6 15.3 B 3.8 10.5 B 3.3 77.3 B 4.5 1.8 A 1.0 6.1 A 2.4 14.9 B 4.1

Rural 47.1 A 1.8 19.2 A 1.3 13.8 A 1.2 19.9 A 1.4 44.4 A 1.8 17.3 A 1.2 18.1 A 1.4 20.1 A 1.4 40.5 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.5 20.0 A 1.3 14.5 A 1.3 62.8 A 1.7 20.7 A 1.4 8.5 A 0.9 8.0 A 1.0 42.0 A 1.8 16.9 A 1.3 18.2 A 1.2 22.8 A 1.5 29.1 A 1.7 20.7 A 1.4 26.5 A 1.5 23.7 A 1.5 43.3 A 1.8 25.1 A 1.5 18.6 A 1.3 13.1 A 1.2 38.3 A 1.8 22.6 A 1.5 23.4 A 1.5 15.7 A 1.3 42.1 A 1.7 21.2 A 1.4 22.2 A 1.4 14.5 A 1.3 81.3 A 1.3 1.7 A 0.3 5.1 A 0.8 11.9 A 1.1

Urban 50.7 A 0.9 18.5 A 0.7 13.2 A 0.6 17.6 A 0.7 46.3 A 0.9 17.8 A 0.7 17.3 A 0.7 18.6 A 0.7 39.6 A 0.9 24.0 A 0.8 20.4 A 0.8 16.0 A 0.7 66.7 A 0.9 16.9 A 0.7 8.7 A 0.5 7.7 A 0.5 51.6 A 0.9 15.3 A 0.7 15.2 A 0.7 17.9 A 0.7 36.8 A 0.9 20.3 A 0.7 23.9 A 0.8 19.0 A 0.7 32.9 A 0.9 24.3 A 0.8 25.2 A 0.8 17.7 A 0.7 36.4 A 0.9 23.4 A 0.8 23.3 A 0.8 16.9 A 0.7 42.2 A 0.9 24.5 A 0.8 18.7 A 0.7 14.6 A 0.6 83.6 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.3 5.7 A 0.5 8.9 A 0.5

Exporter 50.0 A 2.2 19.9 A 1.6 15.3 A 1.5 14.8 A 1.4 45.8 A 2.2 20.1 A 1.7 18.3 A 1.7 15.8 A 1.5 37.7 A 2.3 23.7 A 1.7 22.1 A 1.8 16.5 A 1.6 63.1 A 2.1 19.6 A 1.7 9.6 A 1.4 7.7 A 1.1 51.3 A 2.3 18.0 A 1.6 14.0 A 1.4 16.6 A 1.8 37.6 A 2.3 24.1 A 1.7 21.4 A 1.7 16.9 A 1.5 33.5 A 2.2 25.5 A 1.8 25.0 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.6 38.5 A 2.3 25.5 A 1.9 21.4 A 1.7 14.6 A 1.7 39.0 A 2.2 26.0 A 1.9 19.8 A 1.6 15.2 A 1.7 78.9 A 2.0 3.6 A 1.3 5.2 A 0.8 12.3 A 1.6

Non-exporter 50.0 A 0.9 18.5 A 0.7 13.0 A 0.6 18.5 A 0.7 46.0 A 0.9 17.4 A 0.7 17.4 A 0.7 19.3 A 0.7 40.1 A 0.9 24.3 A 0.8 20.1 A 0.7 15.6 A 0.6 66.4 A 0.8 17.4 A 0.7 8.5 A 0.5 7.7 A 0.5 49.5 A 0.9 15.3 A 0.6 16.1 A 0.6 19.1 A 0.7 35.0 A 0.8 19.9 A 0.7 24.8 A 0.7 20.4 A 0.7 35.1 A 0.8 24.3 A 0.7 23.7 A 0.7 16.9 A 0.7 36.6 A 0.9 23.0 A 0.8 23.5 A 0.8 16.9 A 0.7 42.6 A 0.9 23.6 A 0.8 19.3 A 0.7 14.5 A 0.6 83.7 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.2 5.7 A 0.4 9.1 A 0.5

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 44.5 B 3.0 18.4 A 2.2 17.6 B 2.5 19.6 A 2.4 41.9 B 3.0 19.2 A 2.4 20.1 B 2.7 18.8 A 2.1 40.2 B 3.1 22.6 A 2.4 25.1 B 2.7 12.1 A 2.0 59.4 B 3.0 17.9 A 2.3 12.8 A 2.0 9.9 A 1.6 49.5 B 3.1 16.6 A 2.1 16.4 A 2.3 17.5 A 2.4 38.6 B 3.0 19.3 A 2.3 26.4 B 2.8 15.6 A 2.1 37.3 B 3.0 23.7 B 2.6 25.1 B 2.7 13.8 A 2.2 36.4 B 3.0 22.5 B 2.5 20.9 A 2.4 20.2 B 2.7 40.0 B 3.1 24.4 B 2.6 19.1 A 2.2 16.5 A 2.2 85.1 A 2.2 0.6 A 0.4 4.1 A 1.1 10.3 A 1.9

38.6 B 2.5 21.7 A 2.3 17.0 A 1.9 22.8 A 2.1 37.7 B 2.6 18.8 A 2.1 19.7 A 2.0 23.8 A 2.1 40.8 B 2.6 26.9 A 2.2 18.0 A 1.9 14.3 A 1.8 62.5 B 2.6 22.4 A 2.4 8.5 A 1.2 6.5 A 1.1 47.2 B 2.6 21.2 A 2.2 14.9 A 1.8 16.8 A 2.0 37.8 B 2.6 25.6 A 2.1 20.5 A 2.1 16.1 A 1.8 33.5 A 2.4 28.1 A 2.3 23.6 A 2.1 14.8 A 1.9 34.1 B 2.6 26.2 A 2.3 24.5 A 2.1 15.1 A 1.9 39.3 B 2.5 27.0 A 2.3 20.9 A 2.0 12.9 A 1.8 78.0 A 2.5 2.2 A 1.2 7.9 A 1.8 12.0 A 1.7

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 46.9 A 1.2 20.8 A 1.0 13.8 A 0.9 18.5 A 1.0 41.9 A 1.2 20.3 A 1.0 18.8 A 1.0 19.0 A 1.0 40.1 A 1.2 26.0 A 1.1 20.6 A 1.0 13.3 A 0.8 68.4 A 1.1 18.1 A 0.9 7.5 A 0.6 6.1 A 0.5 48.4 A 1.3 15.6 A 0.9 18.5 A 1.0 17.4 A 0.9 32.4 A 1.2 22.5 A 1.0 25.2 A 1.0 19.9 A 1.0 35.0 A 1.2 27.3 A 1.1 23.4 A 1.0 14.3 A 0.8 34.2 A 1.2 25.2 A 1.1 24.6 A 1.1 16.0 A 0.9 43.5 A 1.2 25.5 A 1.1 19.7 A 1.0 11.3 A 0.7 84.8 A 0.9 2.0 A 0.3 4.7 A 0.5 8.5 A 0.7

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 58.0 A 2.0 16.4 A 1.5 10.5 A 1.2 15.1 A 1.4 54.5 A 2.0 12.2 A 1.2 15.9 A 1.5 17.4 A 1.6 43.7 A 2.0 22.2 A 1.7 18.9 A 1.6 15.2 A 1.5 70.6 A 1.9 14.1 A 1.4 7.8 A 1.0 7.5 A 1.1 56.1 A 2.0 12.0 A 1.3 13.2 A 1.3 18.8 A 1.6 40.6 A 2.0 15.5 A 1.4 23.9 A 1.7 20.0 A 1.5 40.3 A 2.0 18.9 A 1.5 21.4 A 1.6 19.5 A 1.7 44.0 A 2.0 19.0 A 1.6 19.7 A 1.6 17.3 A 1.6 46.2 A 2.0 20.1 A 1.7 16.3 A 1.4 17.3 A 1.6 84.0 A 1.5 2.1 A 0.7 5.4 A 0.9 8.5 A 1.0


2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 54.4 A 2.5 17.5 A 1.8 12.1 A 1.5 16.0 A 1.9 46.6 B 2.5 19.8 A 2.1 16.7 A 1.7 16.9 A 1.8 36.1 A 2.3 28.9 A 2.3 19.4 A 2.0 15.6 A 1.8 60.6 A 2.5 20.5 A 2.1 9.7 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.1 49.9 B 2.5 18.3 A 1.9 13.3 A 1.6 18.5 A 2.0 32.6 A 2.3 23.1 A 2.2 23.8 A 2.2 20.6 A 2.0 31.0 A 2.3 24.0 A 2.1 27.7 A 2.2 17.3 A 2.0 34.1 A 2.4 24.6 A 2.1 24.9 A 2.2 16.4 A 1.9 38.2 A 2.4 23.2 A 2.1 22.1 A 2.1 16.4 A 1.9 86.8 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.3 5.8 A 1.1 6.5 A 1.4

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 49.6 A 1.5 19.0 A 1.2 14.2 A 1.1 17.2 A 1.1 44.2 A 1.5 18.9 A 1.2 18.8 A 1.2 18.1 A 1.1 40.8 A 1.5 23.4 A 1.3 21.0 A 1.3 14.7 A 1.1 62.8 A 1.5 17.3 A 1.1 10.4 A 0.9 9.5 A 0.8 51.8 A 1.6 14.7 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.1 17.1 A 1.1 38.4 A 1.5 18.6 A 1.2 22.8 A 1.3 20.1 A 1.2 34.3 A 1.5 22.8 A 1.2 25.5 A 1.4 17.5 A 1.2 37.7 A 1.6 20.2 A 1.2 24.8 A 1.4 17.3 A 1.2 39.7 A 1.5 25.7 A 1.4 18.3 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.1 84.5 A 1.1 1.2 A 0.4 6.0 A 0.8 8.3 A 0.8

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 50.4 A 1.6 18.9 A 1.3 12.8 A 1.1 17.9 A 1.3 47.6 A 1.6 17.3 A 1.2 16.1 A 1.1 18.9 A 1.3 40.1 A 1.6 23.6 A 1.3 19.4 A 1.3 16.9 A 1.2 66.7 A 1.5 19.2 A 1.3 7.2 A 0.7 7.0 A 0.8 49.5 A 1.6 16.4 A 1.2 14.2 A 1.1 19.9 A 1.3 36.0 A 1.6 19.8 A 1.3 24.7 A 1.3 19.5 A 1.3 33.6 A 1.5 27.5 A 1.4 22.5 A 1.3 16.4 A 1.2 36.1 A 1.5 24.1 A 1.4 21.7 A 1.3 18.1 A 1.3 42.7 A 1.6 24.6 A 1.5 19.1 A 1.2 13.6 A 1.0 82.6 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.4 6.0 A 0.8 9.9 A 0.9

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 48.8 A 1.4 18.4 A 1.0 13.1 A 0.9 19.7 A 1.1 46.2 A 1.4 16.1 A 0.9 17.4 A 1.0 20.2 A 1.2 39.5 A 1.4 24.1 A 1.1 20.6 A 1.1 15.8 A 1.0 70.4 A 1.2 15.8 A 1.0 7.7 A 0.7 6.0 A 0.7 47.6 A 1.4 15.1 A 0.9 17.3 A 1.1 20.0 A 1.1 32.2 A 1.3 21.9 A 1.1 26.0 A 1.2 19.9 A 1.1 37.8 A 1.4 23.7 A 1.1 22.2 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.0 37.1 A 1.3 25.4 A 1.2 22.5 A 1.1 15.0 A 1.0 45.7 A 1.4 21.5 A 1.1 19.8 A 1.1 13.0 A 1.0 81.0 A 1.1 2.8 A 0.5 4.9 A 0.6 11.3 A 0.9







Holds IP 49.4 A 1.6 19.6 A 1.2 15.2 A 1.1 15.8 A 1.1 40.9 A 1.6 21.2 A 1.3 21.5 A 1.3 16.4 A 1.1 38.6 A 1.6 24.5 A 1.3 20.6 A 1.3 16.3 A 1.2 61.9 A 1.6 19.8 A 1.3 10.1 A 1.0 8.2 A 0.8 47.2 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.1 16.5 A 1.2 20.5 A 1.4 36.0 A 1.6 22.3 A 1.3 25.0 A 1.4 16.7 A 1.1 31.2 A 1.5 26.7 A 1.4 25.1 A 1.3 17.0 A 1.2 33.8 A 1.5 26.1 A 1.4 23.0 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.3 35.9 A 1.5 26.4 A 1.4 21.6 A 1.3 16.0 A 1.2 79.8 A 1.3 2.5 A 0.7 6.1 A 0.7 11.5 A 1.0

Holds Formal IP 41.4 A 2.3 23.2 A 2.1 15.5 A 1.6 19.9 A 2.0 30.8 A 2.1 25.7 A 2.2 25.0 A 2.2 18.5 A 1.9 32.7 A 2.2 26.4 A 2.0 22.5 A 2.1 18.3 A 2.0 55.3 A 2.4 20.3 A 2.0 13.6 A 1.8 10.8 A 1.6 47.3 A 2.4 14.9 A 1.6 16.5 A 1.8 21.3 A 2.0 27.0 A 2.2 21.5 A 1.8 31.2 A 2.3 20.3 A 1.9 28.2 A 2.2 25.7 A 2.1 28.0 A 2.1 18.1 A 1.9 30.7 A 2.2 28.9 A 2.2 20.9 A 1.8 19.5 A 2.1 33.1 A 2.2 25.5 A 2.1 20.9 A 1.8 20.4 A 2.1 78.0 A 2.1 1.7 A 0.4 6.1 A 1.1 14.1 A 1.9

No IP 50.8 A 1.0 17.9 A 0.8 12.8 A 0.7 18.5 A 0.8 48.3 A 1.0 16.4 A 0.8 15.9 A 0.7 19.5 A 0.8 41.2 A 1.0 23.8 A 0.9 20.1 A 0.8 14.9 A 0.7 67.6 A 0.9 16.8 A 0.7 8.2 A 0.5 7.5 A 0.5 51.5 A 1.0 15.3 A 0.7 15.2 A 0.7 18.0 A 0.8 36.3 A 1.0 19.3 A 0.8 24.4 A 0.8 20.0 A 0.8 37.6 A 1.0 23.5 A 0.8 23.0 A 0.9 15.9 A 0.7 38.9 A 1.0 21.8 A 0.8 23.1 A 0.9 16.1 A 0.7 44.8 A 1.0 23.0 A 0.9 18.5 A 0.7 13.8 A 0.7 84.1 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.2 5.4 A 0.5 9.0 A 0.6

Not familiar with any type of IP 49.6 A 1.0 18.1 A 0.7 14.1 A 0.7 18.1 A 0.7 44.4 A 0.9 17.6 A 0.7 19.1 A 0.8 18.9 A 0.8 39.0 A 1.0 23.8 A 0.8 21.3 A 0.8 15.9 A 0.7 64.4 A 0.9 18.4 A 0.7 9.4 A 0.6 7.8 A 0.5 48.6 A 1.0 15.6 A 0.7 16.5 A 0.7 19.3 A 0.8 35.4 A 0.9 21.0 A 0.8 24.7 A 0.8 18.9 A 0.7 34.7 A 0.9 24.4 A 0.8 24.0 A 0.8 16.8 A 0.7 35.8 A 0.9 24.5 A 0.8 23.2 A 0.8 16.5 A 0.7 40.7 A 0.9 24.2 A 0.8 20.1 A 0.7 15.0 A 0.7 82.4 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.2 5.9 A 0.5 10.1 A 0.6

Familiar with at least one type of IP 53.3 A 1.8 19.0 A 1.4 11.0 A 1.1 16.7 A 1.3 53.0 A 1.8 17.8 A 1.4 11.2 A 1.0 18.0 A 1.3 45.7 A 1.8 24.6 A 1.6 16.5 A 1.3 13.2 A 1.2 71.6 A 1.6 14.9 A 1.3 6.4 A 0.8 7.1 A 0.8 56.3 A 1.8 14.8 A 1.3 12.3 A 1.2 16.6 A 1.3 39.1 A 1.8 17.1 A 1.2 24.1 A 1.5 19.7 A 1.4 40.0 A 1.8 24.0 A 1.6 21.8 A 1.5 14.2 A 1.2 43.6 A 1.8 17.8 A 1.3 22.7 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.3 48.3 A 1.8 22.7 A 1.5 16.8 A 1.3 12.1 A 1.2 85.0 A 1.4 2.5 A 0.8 4.4 A 0.7 8.1 A 1.0

Procurement Did business with Federal government 31.9 B 2.6 27.8 A 2.5 22.4 A 2.3 18.0 A 2.3 30.7 A 2.5 25.1 A 2.4 28.2 B 2.5 16.0 A 2.2 32.2 B 2.6 26.4 A 2.4 23.5 A 2.3 17.9 A 2.1 63.5 B 2.7 22.0 A 2.4 9.3 A 1.7 5.2 A 1.1 47.7 B 2.8 19.3 A 2.3 16.1 A 1.9 16.8 A 2.2 32.5 B 2.6 28.3 B 2.5 24.6 A 2.3 14.6 A 2.1 19.6 A 2.2 28.4 B 2.6 34.0 B 2.6 18.0 A 2.2 27.5 A 2.4 27.9 A 2.5 31.2 B 2.6 13.4 A 1.9 33.0 B 2.7 26.2 A 2.3 27.7 B 2.6 13.1 A 1.9 81.7 A 2.2 2.8 A 0.7 7.0 A 1.5 8.5 A 1.6

<30 years old 44.0 C 6.0 25.2 C 6.0 15.7 B 3.8 15.1 B 4.7 32.1 C 5.6 28.9 C 6.1 28.6 C 5.4 10.4 B 2.8 33.6 C 5.2 27.2 C 5.4 24.2 C 6.0 15.0 B 5.0 59.5 C 5.8 23.0 C 5.2 7.8 A 2.2 9.7 B 2.8 45.4 C 6.2 16.6 B 3.5 13.6 B 3.4 24.4 C 5.5 22.0 C 5.1 21.9 C 5.3 37.1 C 6.1 19.0 B 4.0 27.1 C 5.6 25.9 C 5.2 24.3 B 4.4 22.7 C 6.0 38.6 C 6.1 29.1 C 6.2 22.5 B 4.4 9.9 A 2.4 36.5 C 6.2 29.1 C 6.0 22.6 B 4.3 11.8 B 2.8 87.6 B 3.0 0.1 A 0.1 6.5 A 2.2 5.7 A 2.0

30 to 39 years old 45.7 A 2.3 22.6 A 1.7 13.9 A 1.6 17.8 A 1.8 40.9 A 2.2 19.1 A 1.7 20.1 A 1.8 19.9 A 1.8 35.0 A 2.2 27.7 A 2.0 21.5 A 1.9 15.8 A 1.7 60.4 A 2.2 21.0 A 1.8 9.6 A 1.2 9.0 A 1.1 47.8 A 2.3 17.0 A 1.6 17.3 A 1.6 17.9 A 1.8 31.6 A 2.1 18.8 A 1.6 26.8 A 2.0 22.7 A 1.9 33.2 A 2.2 25.3 A 1.8 25.5 A 1.9 16.0 A 1.7 34.3 A 2.2 22.4 A 1.8 26.0 A 2.0 17.4 A 1.8 38.8 A 2.3 27.4 A 2.1 19.1 A 1.5 14.7 A 1.5 83.9 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.6 5.4 A 1.0 9.3 A 1.3



65+ years old 59.0 A 2.2 16.0 A 1.5 11.7 A 1.5 13.2 A 1.5 56.0 A 2.3 16.4 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.3 15.2 A 1.8 49.5 A 2.3 20.4 A 1.9 17.2 A 1.6 12.8 A 1.4 78.1 A 1.8 12.0 A 1.4 5.3 A 1.0 4.7 A 0.9 55.8 A 2.3 13.4 A 1.5 15.4 A 1.9 15.4 A 1.7 46.3 A 2.3 19.5 A 1.8 20.2 A 1.8 13.9 A 1.3 47.1 A 2.3 20.5 A 1.9 19.4 A 1.7 13.0 A 1.4 49.6 A 2.3 22.4 A 1.9 16.9 A 1.8 11.1 A 1.5 54.5 A 2.3 19.6 A 1.7 16.7 A 1.8 9.2 A 1.4 82.6 A 1.8 3.4 A 1.1 5.5 A 1.1 8.5 A 1.1

Less than high school 47.5 B 3.2 16.8 A 2.4 15.2 A 2.2 20.5 B 2.7 40.7 B 3.2 16.2 A 2.4 21.9 B 2.7 21.2 B 2.6 45.1 B 3.2 19.7 B 2.6 19.1 A 2.4 16.0 A 2.2 64.4 B 3.0 19.6 B 2.5 5.8 A 1.4 10.3 A 1.7 48.1 B 3.2 13.2 A 1.9 18.1 A 2.4 20.6 A 2.5 30.5 B 3.1 18.9 A 2.3 26.2 B 2.8 24.4 B 2.9 38.7 B 3.1 20.7 A 2.4 21.6 B 2.7 19.1 B 2.6 40.3 B 3.2 21.1 B 2.7 23.4 B 2.8 15.1 A 2.0 43.2 B 3.2 22.1 B 2.6 21.2 B 2.6 13.4 A 2.1 85.9 A 2.3 1.5 A 0.7 5.0 A 1.6 7.6 A 1.6

High school 46.6 A 1.7 18.8 A 1.3 14.8 A 1.3 19.9 A 1.4 45.8 A 1.7 17.5 A 1.4 16.0 A 1.2 20.7 A 1.4 39.5 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.4 18.8 A 1.4 16.6 A 1.3 66.2 A 1.6 17.2 A 1.3 8.4 A 1.0 8.2 A 1.0 50.0 A 1.7 15.6 A 1.2 16.4 A 1.3 18.0 A 1.3 32.2 A 1.6 18.0 A 1.3 26.2 A 1.5 23.6 A 1.5 34.9 A 1.7 25.0 A 1.5 25.0 A 1.5 15.1 A 1.2 35.5 A 1.7 23.9 A 1.5 22.9 A 1.4 17.7 A 1.3 41.9 A 1.7 22.6 A 1.4 20.5 A 1.4 15.0 A 1.2 84.0 A 1.3 1.9 A 0.5 5.9 A 0.9 8.2 A 0.9

College/Cegep/Trade School 47.0 A 1.5 20.3 A 1.2 13.4 A 1.0 19.3 A 1.1 42.3 A 1.5 18.2 A 1.1 19.1 A 1.2 20.4 A 1.1 38.0 A 1.4 24.2 A 1.2 22.3 A 1.3 15.5 A 1.0 63.5 A 1.4 18.8 A 1.2 9.6 A 0.9 8.2 A 0.8 48.4 A 1.5 16.5 A 1.1 15.5 A 1.0 19.5 A 1.2 31.9 A 1.4 21.7 A 1.2 26.0 A 1.3 20.4 A 1.1 34.8 A 1.5 26.5 A 1.3 22.4 A 1.2 16.3 A 1.1 34.3 A 1.4 22.1 A 1.2 27.0 A 1.3 16.6 A 1.1 39.1 A 1.5 26.7 A 1.3 19.4 A 1.1 14.8 A 1.0 82.0 A 1.2 1.5 A 0.3 6.3 A 0.8 10.1 A 0.9

Bachelor's degree 52.2 A 1.6 17.9 A 1.1 13.4 A 1.0 16.6 A 1.2 46.2 A 1.6 18.6 A 1.2 18.0 A 1.1 17.2 A 1.2 35.0 A 1.6 25.7 A 1.4 21.5 A 1.3 17.9 A 1.3 65.6 A 1.5 18.0 A 1.2 9.3 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.7 49.8 A 1.6 16.2 A 1.2 15.0 A 1.1 18.9 A 1.3 36.7 A 1.6 22.4 A 1.3 22.1 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.2 31.3 A 1.6 23.2 A 1.3 26.5 A 1.4 19.0 A 1.3 37.3 A 1.6 24.3 A 1.3 22.1 A 1.3 16.2 A 1.3 40.8 A 1.6 23.7 A 1.4 20.1 A 1.3 15.4 A 1.1 82.5 A 1.2 2.0 A 0.7 4.5 A 0.5 11.0 A 1.0

Master's degree or above 58.6 A 2.2 17.5 A 1.8 9.8 A 1.2 14.1 A 1.6 55.0 A 2.2 16.2 A 1.7 13.9 A 1.5 14.9 A 1.5 49.5 A 2.2 22.6 A 1.9 17.2 A 1.6 10.8 A 1.3 71.8 A 2.0 14.7 A 1.6 7.4 A 1.2 6.1 A 1.0 52.3 A 2.2 13.9 A 1.5 15.9 A 1.8 18.0 A 1.7 46.4 A 2.2 18.5 A 1.7 21.8 A 1.9 13.3 A 1.4 39.7 A 2.2 23.0 A 1.9 21.6 A 1.8 15.8 A 1.7 41.2 A 2.2 23.6 A 2.0 18.5 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.7 50.6 A 2.2 21.4 A 1.8 15.3 A 1.5 12.7 A 1.5 84.0 A 1.6 1.9 A 0.5 5.8 A 1.0 8.3 A 1.3

In Canada 49.9 A 0.9 18.7 A 0.7 13.5 A 0.6 18.0 A 0.7 45.9 A 0.9 18.2 A 0.7 17.3 A 0.7 18.6 A 0.7 41.3 A 0.9 23.7 A 0.8 20.0 A 0.8 15.0 A 0.7 67.4 A 0.9 17.2 A 0.7 8.3 A 0.5 7.1 A 0.5 49.4 A 0.9 15.4 A 0.7 16.3 A 0.7 18.9 A 0.7 35.2 A 0.9 20.8 A 0.7 25.3 A 0.8 18.6 A 0.7 36.5 A 0.9 25.4 A 0.8 23.8 A 0.8 14.3 A 0.6 37.2 A 0.9 23.9 A 0.8 23.4 A 0.8 15.4 A 0.7 42.7 A 0.9 23.7 A 0.8 19.5 A 0.7 14.0 A 0.7 82.2 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.3 5.9 A 0.5 10.1 A 0.6

Outside Canada 50.4 A 1.7 18.7 A 1.3 12.7 A 1.1 18.2 A 1.2 46.1 A 1.7 16.3 A 1.3 18.0 A 1.3 19.6 A 1.3 35.3 A 1.6 25.8 A 1.5 21.1 A 1.4 17.8 A 1.3 61.7 A 1.7 19.0 A 1.4 9.7 A 1.1 9.5 A 0.9 50.7 A 1.7 16.3 A 1.3 14.3 A 1.3 18.7 A 1.3 35.4 A 1.7 18.9 A 1.3 21.7 A 1.4 23.9 A 1.4 29.9 A 1.6 21.4 A 1.4 24.3 A 1.4 24.4 A 1.5 35.5 A 1.6 21.1 A 1.3 22.9 A 1.4 20.4 A 1.5 40.7 A 1.7 24.3 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.3 16.2 A 1.2 86.1 A 1.1 1.7 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.8

0% 49.4 A 1.1 18.0 A 0.8 14.0 A 0.8 18.5 A 0.9 45.7 A 1.1 17.6 A 0.9 18.1 A 0.9 18.6 A 0.9 40.9 A 1.1 23.9 A 1.0 20.0 A 0.9 15.1 A 0.8 67.0 A 1.1 17.0 A 0.8 8.3 A 0.6 7.6 A 0.6 50.6 A 1.2 15.3 A 0.8 15.3 A 0.8 18.9 A 0.9 38.2 A 1.1 19.5 A 0.9 22.6 A 0.9 19.7 A 0.9 36.3 A 1.1 23.8 A 1.0 23.4 A 1.0 16.4 A 0.8 37.2 A 1.1 22.1 A 1.0 23.5 A 1.0 17.2 A 0.9 43.1 A 1.1 22.8 A 1.0 19.8 A 0.9 14.3 A 0.8 82.9 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.3 6.0 A 0.6 9.4 A 0.7

1% to 49% 49.8 A 2.5 20.9 A 1.9 13.7 A 1.6 15.6 A 1.9 46.7 A 2.5 21.8 A 1.9 16.0 A 1.6 15.5 A 1.9 38.1 A 2.4 25.3 A 2.1 19.4 A 1.8 17.2 A 1.8 63.7 A 2.3 21.2 A 2.0 8.8 A 1.4 6.3 A 1.1 42.9 A 2.4 18.7 A 1.9 18.6 A 2.0 19.7 A 1.8 31.1 A 2.4 21.4 A 2.0 27.6 A 2.1 20.0 A 1.8 30.2 A 2.3 26.8 A 2.2 26.5 A 2.2 16.4 A 1.7 35.1 A 2.3 25.8 A 2.2 23.8 A 2.0 15.3 A 1.8 40.1 A 2.4 25.1 A 2.1 18.3 A 1.8 16.4 A 2.0 82.5 A 1.8 1.3 A 0.4 5.4 A 1.0 10.8 A 1.5


51% to 99% 34.8 B 4.9 19.0 B 3.6 17.9 B 4.4 28.4 B 4.9 44.6 C 5.4 13.3 B 3.1 18.0 B 4.2 24.1 B 4.1 45.3 C 5.3 25.6 B 4.2 20.3 B 4.7 8.9 A 2.0 58.8 C 5.2 14.9 B 3.4 16.6 B 4.5 9.7 B 2.5 51.9 C 5.3 14.4 B 3.2 16.6 B 4.0 17.1 B 4.0 30.8 C 5.1 21.8 B 4.5 27.8 B 4.5 19.6 B 3.7 23.9 B 3.8 27.2 B 4.7 34.4 C 5.5 14.4 B 3.2 33.0 C 5.1 27.4 B 4.8 20.0 B 3.9 19.6 B 4.1 33.2 B 5.0 30.4 B 4.9 18.9 B 4.5 17.5 B 3.5 85.0 B 3.1 1.9 A 1.3 7.1 A 2.3 6.0 A 1.8


Potential Borrowers41.8 B 3.7 16.5 B 2.7 16.4 B 3.0 25.3 B 3.4 39.5 B 3.6 15.1 B 2.9 18.9 B 3.1 26.4 B 3.4 36.8 B 3.7 17.2 B 2.7 19.2 B 2.9 26.8 B 3.3 43.3 B 3.7 18.9 B 3.1 14.1 A 2.5 23.8 B 3.1 42.8 B 3.7 12.7 A 2.4 18.1 B 2.9 26.4 B 3.2 27.8 B 3.6 17.7 B 2.8 21.5 B 2.9 33.0 B 3.5 34.1 B 3.8 18.4 A 2.5 20.7 B 2.9 26.8 B 3.3 33.0 B 3.5 19.6 B 2.8 25.3 B 3.3 22.1 B 3.3 28.2 B 3.6 15.7 B 2.7 26.1 B 3.2 30.0 B 3.4 76.7 B 3.1 1.0 A 0.6 7.8 A 2.1 14.5 B 2.5


45.0 C 5.1 17.8 B 3.7 11.3 A 2.5 25.9 B 4.5 35.2 C 5.0 22.5 B 4.2 18.0 B 3.4 24.2 B 4.2 41.1 B 5.0 19.0 B 3.4 24.6 B 4.7 15.4 B 3.5 19.3 B 3.8 14.4 B 3.7 22.5 B 4.6 43.8 B 4.9 43.3 C 5.0 19.3 B 4.1 14.3 B 3.6 23.1 B 3.9 25.8 B 4.5 17.2 B 3.8 29.7 B 4.8 27.2 B 4.2 22.2 B 3.6 31.8 B 4.9 25.0 B 4.6 21.0 B 4.0 26.5 B 4.6 28.6 B 4.7 28.0 B 4.5 16.9 B 3.1 13.6 B 3.1 16.8 B 3.9 25.0 B 4.3 44.7 C 5.0 79.3 B 4.4 3.0 B 2.5 4.4 A 1.5 13.3 B 3.8

Co-operatives Co-operatives 46.0 A 1.8 22.3 A 1.4 18.4 A 1.5 13.3 A 1.3 35.5 A 1.8 23.6 A 1.6 23.0 A 1.5 17.8 A 1.5 35.4 A 1.7 21.8 A 1.5 22.3 A 1.6 20.5 A 1.5 63.3 A 1.8 22.3 A 1.6 8.6 A 1.0 5.8 A 0.9 50.6 A 1.8 16.0 A 1.3 20.2 A 1.4 13.2 A 1.4 29.9 A 1.7 27.9 A 1.6 26.1 A 1.6 16.1 A 1.4 25.3 A 1.6 24.1 A 1.6 30.1 A 1.7 20.5 A 1.5 48.1 A 1.8 27.6 A 1.6 19.7 A 1.5 4.6 A 0.9 40.8 A 1.8 25.6 A 1.5 19.8 A 1.5 13.8 A 1.3 78.3 A 1.6 1.1 A 0.3 5.6 A 0.9 15.0 A 1.4

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 41.6 A 2.2 27.9 A 2.0 17.9 A 1.8 12.6 A 1.6 35.1 A 2.1 30.0 A 2.0 20.3 A 1.8 14.6 A 1.7 33.3 A 2.0 26.9 A 2.0 20.2 A 1.8 19.5 A 1.8 61.2 A 2.2 21.7 A 1.8 9.8 A 1.3 7.3 A 1.3 44.3 A 2.2 20.3 A 1.8 16.1 A 1.7 19.3 A 1.7 27.2 A 2.0 32.3 A 2.1 26.3 A 1.9 14.2 A 1.5 21.5 A 1.8 28.2 A 2.0 35.0 A 2.1 15.3 A 1.6 31.5 A 2.1 26.6 A 2.0 25.4 A 2.0 16.4 A 1.7 39.4 A 2.2 23.6 A 2.0 19.2 A 1.6 17.8 A 1.8 80.9 A 1.8 0.2 A 0.2 8.0 A 1.3 10.8 A 1.3

Not-for-profit 52.4 A 1.4 12.7 A 1.0 16.3 A 1.0 18.7 A 1.1 41.0 A 1.4 16.7 A 1.0 25.4 A 1.3 17.0 A 1.1 48.7 A 1.4 19.9 A 1.1 18.7 A 1.1 12.7 A 1.0 49.3 A 1.4 15.9 A 1.0 13.1 A 1.0 21.7 A 1.2 54.0 A 1.4 16.9 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.1 12.9 A 1.0 43.7 A 1.4 22.6 A 1.2 19.7 A 1.1 14.0 A 0.9 53.6 A 1.4 18.4 A 1.1 15.9 A 1.0 12.2 A 1.0 80.6 A 1.2 13.7 A 1.0 5.0 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.1 56.1 A 1.4 14.6 A 0.9 17.3 A 1.2 12.0 A 1.0 80.2 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.2 7.3 A 0.7 11.4 A 0.9

Charity 46.2 A 1.9 24.0 A 1.9 21.4 A 1.5 8.4 A 0.9 44.8 A 2.0 27.2 A 1.8 16.5 A 1.1 11.5 A 1.1 48.8 A 2.0 24.1 A 1.4 17.4 A 1.7 9.7 A 0.9 58.2 A 1.8 12.5 A 1.0 12.6 A 1.0 16.7 A 1.5 55.2 A 2.0 18.5 A 1.6 14.1 A 1.5 12.1 A 1.4 31.6 A 1.8 24.6 A 1.6 29.9 A 1.7 13.9 A 1.5 44.1 A 1.9 25.0 A 1.6 21.3 A 1.7 9.6 A 1.2 87.2 A 1.0 10.0 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.2 1.4 A 0.2 47.6 A 1.9 21.2 A 1.5 22.7 A 1.9 8.5 A 0.9 75.5 A 1.4 3.7 A 0.6 5.0 A 0.4 15.8 A 1.1

For-profit 36.8 B 3.5 21.8 B 3.1 15.1 A 2.4 26.3 B 3.4 39.5 B 3.6 20.1 B 2.9 18.6 B 2.7 21.9 B 3.1 34.5 B 3.6 27.1 B 3.3 19.6 B 2.7 18.8 B 2.9 55.5 B 3.7 19.6 B 3.1 15.2 B 2.7 9.8 A 1.9 35.8 B 3.5 18.6 B 2.8 16.4 A 2.5 29.2 B 3.5 21.8 B 3.2 21.5 B 3.0 27.6 B 3.2 29.1 B 3.3 26.6 B 3.3 24.7 B 2.9 24.1 B 3.2 24.7 B 3.3 27.7 B 3.2 23.1 B 2.9 21.2 B 2.9 28.0 B 3.5 31.2 B 3.5 21.1 B 2.9 26.9 B 3.2 20.8 B 3.1 81.3 B 2.8 1.0 A 0.6 5.0 A 1.4 12.8 B 2.5





Social Enterprises



Age of Business







Place of birth

Female Ownership



Location

Export Status



Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11), Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)

A major obstacle

Employment Size

Region

CMA Level

A minor obstacleA moderate

obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate

obstacleA major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate

obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacleA minor obstacleA moderate


obstacleNot an obstacleA minor obstacleA moderate



obstacle A major obstacle

Government regulations Rising cost of inputs Increasing competition Corporate tax rate Maintaining sufficient cash flow or managing debt


Table 19: Obstacles to Business GrowthSurvey question(s):I.3. Which of the following are obstacles to the growth of your business?

Notes:I.3 is applicable to all respondents.


Obstacles to business growth

Shortage of labour Recruiting and retaining skilled employees Fluctuations in consumer demand Other

Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate


obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle

Obtaining financing

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE





100 to 499 employees 86.9 A 1.8 58.2 B 3.4 39.5 B 3.0 29.1 B 2.7 62.1 A 2.5 15.6 A 1.2 10.0 A 1.0 12.3 A 1.3

Atlantic 92.9 A 1.2 44.1 A 2.2 19.8 A 1.6 9.5 A 1.4 77.3 A 1.5 11.7 A 0.9 6.3 A 0.6 4.7 A 1.0

Quebec 93.1 A 0.8 43.0 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.3 10.6 A 1.2 78.3 A 1.1 14.6 A 0.9 3.5 A 0.3 3.6 A 0.5


Northern Ontario 93.2 A 1.3 51.2 B 2.9 11.1 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.5 77.7 A 1.9 16.5 A 1.7 2.6 A 0.7 3.2 A 0.8



Manitoba 95.4 A 1.2 45.2 B 3.6 24.1 B 2.7 8.4 A 1.6 80.5 A 2.0 11.4 A 1.6 5.2 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.8

Saskatchewan 90.6 A 2.3 55.4 B 3.5 19.4 B 2.6 4.9 A 1.3 73.8 B 2.6 19.5 A 2.3 4.7 A 1.1 1.9 A 0.8



St. John's 93.5 B 3.0 49.3 D 9.0 20.0 C 7.3 5.5 B 3.0 81.7 B 3.7 10.3 A 2.2 5.9 B 2.5 2.1 A 1.4

Halifax 90.8 B 4.9 39.6 C 5.9 21.7 B 4.7 12.5 C 5.1 76.0 C 5.1 9.6 A 1.8 4.7 A 1.3 9.7 B 4.9

Quebec 95.8 A 2.0 57.3 C 6.4 15.5 B 3.9 9.3 B 3.3 75.2 B 3.7 18.3 B 2.8 2.0 A 1.0 4.5 A 1.8

Montreal 95.1 A 1.2 41.4 B 2.8 18.2 A 1.9 15.6 A 2.1 79.4 A 1.6 11.1 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.6 5.2 A 1.1

Ottawa-Gatineau 93.7 A 1.7 46.0 B 4.8 26.4 B 4.3 12.9 B 2.5 79.9 B 2.5 9.6 A 1.6 4.0 A 0.8 6.4 A 1.6


Kingston 95.8 A 1.9 58.5 B 4.9 21.4 B 3.8 13.8 B 3.5 76.1 B 3.3 16.5 A 2.5 3.3 A 0.8 4.1 A 1.4

Hamilton 95.6 A 1.7 44.9 C 6.1 20.9 B 4.9 18.9 B 4.7 75.0 B 4.8 13.5 B 3.1 5.0 B 2.6 6.4 A 1.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 94.1 A 2.4 32.6 C 5.1 16.6 B 3.7 15.4 B 4.1 79.4 B 3.9 9.7 A 1.7 4.4 A 1.2 6.5 B 2.6

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 95.1 A 1.6 57.1 C 5.6 18.2 B 3.7 12.4 B 3.1 74.8 B 3.7 16.6 B 3.0 3.5 A 1.1 5.1 A 1.8

London 95.5 A 1.8 47.2 C 5.3 13.7 B 2.9 8.4 A 2.3 81.0 B 2.8 12.0 A 2.0 2.5 A 0.7 4.4 A 1.9

Windsor 98.7 A 0.6 50.1 C 5.9 11.7 B 2.7 24.5 C 5.3 80.3 B 3.1 11.2 A 2.2 1.6 A 0.4 6.9 A 2.2

Thunder Bay 97.5 A 1.2 47.1 C 5.2 14.6 B 3.4 9.3 B 3.2 84.0 B 2.8 12.3 B 2.7 2.0 A 0.8 1.7 A 0.7

Winnipeg 98.6 A 0.7 42.3 B 4.5 20.1 B 3.3 7.3 A 1.9 83.7 A 2.4 9.5 A 2.0 5.0 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.7

Calgary 93.3 A 1.7 38.8 B 3.7 21.8 B 2.8 8.9 A 1.9 81.4 A 2.1 9.1 A 1.2 5.7 A 1.2 3.8 A 1.2

Edmonton 90.0 B 2.7 40.3 B 4.4 20.6 B 3.4 5.0 A 1.4 76.7 B 3.4 18.0 B 3.2 3.9 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.4

Vancouver 90.6 A 1.8 40.3 B 3.2 27.7 B 2.9 19.3 B 2.6 74.5 A 2.3 10.9 A 1.5 7.9 A 1.3 6.7 A 1.2

Victoria 97.8 A 1.7 37.1 D 7.7 14.5 C 5.2 10.7 B 4.8 80.0 C 5.2 9.6 B 2.9 4.4 A 1.9 6.0 B 3.7

78.7 A 2.0 45.8 A 2.5 15.5 A 1.7 6.8 A 0.9 59.4 A 2.3 30.9 A 2.1 6.1 A 1.0 3.6 A 0.6

95.9 A 1.0 41.4 A 2.4 6.0 A 0.9 1.9 A 0.5 82.8 A 1.5 15.6 A 1.4 1.3 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2

88.3 A 1.3 67.2 A 2.2 40.6 A 2.1 35.2 A 1.9 56.2 A 1.7 20.3 A 1.2 9.3 A 0.7 14.2 A 1.1

88.0 A 1.5 67.0 A 2.2 50.0 A 2.3 24.0 A 1.9 50.8 A 1.8 23.9 A 1.3 15.9 A 1.1 9.4 A 1.1

97.3 A 0.9 52.1 A 2.4 22.3 A 2.0 10.4 A 1.6 82.5 A 1.4 10.4 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.5 3.5 A 1.0

83.9 A 2.0 47.4 B 2.6 24.8 A 2.2 19.4 A 2.0 64.8 A 2.2 18.3 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.1 8.8 A 1.1

87.9 A 1.4 51.9 A 2.2 28.3 A 2.0 20.4 A 1.7 68.1 A 1.8 16.9 A 1.4 7.2 A 0.9 7.8 A 1.0

98.7 A 0.4 33.0 A 2.2 15.9 A 1.7 5.3 A 0.8 89.1 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.7 2.6 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3

97.9 A 0.7 43.1 A 2.4 14.1 A 1.6 5.0 A 0.9 87.7 A 1.1 9.8 A 0.9 1.7 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.2

95.0 A 0.8 33.5 A 2.1 13.5 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.4 84.7 A 1.2 9.4 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.5

Tourism 93.4 A 1.9 45.4 B 4.3 26.4 B 3.7 20.6 B 3.8 74.3 B 3.1 13.2 A 2.1 6.4 A 1.1 6.1 A 1.7

Information and Communication 79.6 B 2.8 40.2 B 3.2 35.9 B 3.1 30.4 B 3.1 60.6 B 3.0 14.3 A 1.7 10.1 A 1.5 15.0 A 1.9

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 77.1 B 4.5 47.3 C 5.5 34.3 B 4.9 28.6 C 5.1 58.3 B 4.8 16.4 B 3.0 14.0 B 3.3 11.2 A 2.4

Rural 89.6 A 0.9 49.7 A 1.8 15.1 A 1.1 9.3 A 0.9 71.2 A 1.3 21.7 A 1.1 4.1 A 0.4 3.1 A 0.4

Urban 93.2 A 0.4 44.4 A 0.9 21.0 A 0.7 12.3 A 0.6 77.5 A 0.6 13.0 A 0.5 5.0 A 0.3 4.5 A 0.3



High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 89.5 A 1.8 57.1 B 3.0 31.8 B 2.8 21.9 A 2.5 63.8 A 2.4 19.7 A 1.9 7.3 A 0.9 9.2 A 1.4

94.9 A 0.9 51.1 B 2.6 23.7 A 2.1 15.2 A 1.8 73.6 A 1.7 16.7 A 1.4 4.9 A 0.6 4.8 A 0.6



91.8 A 1.3 43.0 A 2.4 21.8 A 1.9 7.8 A 1.0 77.1 A 1.6 14.4 A 1.2 5.6 A 0.8 2.9 A 0.6





92.0 A 1.0 53.2 A 2.0 29.3 A 1.7 22.9 A 1.6 69.5 A 1.4 15.2 A 0.9 6.0 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.9

90.0 A 1.2 54.8 A 2.3 30.4 A 1.9 24.2 A 1.8 67.7 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.1 6.8 A 0.6 9.5 A 1.0

89.9 A 1.5 52.1 A 2.4 29.3 A 2.0 22.9 A 2.0 68.9 A 1.8 16.0 A 1.2 6.3 A 0.7 8.8 A 1.2

93.3 A 1.1 57.4 A 2.3 32.3 A 2.1 20.7 A 1.8 71.1 A 1.6 15.4 A 1.1 6.5 A 0.6 6.9 A 0.9

91.8 A 0.7 53.2 A 1.5 28.8 A 1.3 20.9 A 1.1 70.8 A 1.0 15.0 A 0.7 6.4 A 0.4 7.8 A 0.6

92.2 A 0.5 42.7 A 1.0 16.4 A 0.7 8.2 A 0.5 77.5 A 0.7 15.2 A 0.6 4.4 A 0.3 2.9 A 0.2



No IP 93.1 A 0.4 43.0 A 1.0 15.2 A 0.6 7.4 A 0.5 79.2 A 0.6 14.5 A 0.5 3.8 A 0.2 2.6 A 0.2



Procurement Did business with Federal government 85.0 A 2.1 70.7 B 2.6 54.8 B 2.8 29.4 B 2.6 50.1 A 2.1 24.9 A 1.4 15.6 A 1.4 9.3 A 1.5

<30 years old 91.4 B 3.4 44.4 C 6.2 14.1 B 4.6 3.5 A 1.3 80.7 B 3.6 15.1 B 3.3 2.6 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.9





Less than high school 92.8 A 1.4 40.7 B 3.1 10.9 A 1.5 7.0 A 1.2 78.9 A 1.9 15.5 A 1.7 3.4 A 0.9 2.3 A 0.5







0% 92.4 A 0.5 45.6 A 1.1 19.4 A 0.8 11.8 A 0.7 76.0 A 0.7 14.7 A 0.6 4.9 A 0.3 4.4 A 0.3

1% to 49% 88.5 A 1.6 46.9 A 2.4 23.1 A 1.9 14.6 A 1.5 71.9 A 1.9 17.3 A 1.6 5.4 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.7

50% 92.4 A 0.8 47.0 A 1.7 19.0 A 1.3 10.5 A 1.0 74.7 A 1.2 16.5 A 1.0 4.9 A 0.5 3.9 A 0.5

51% to 99% 97.0 A 1.0 42.2 B 5.0 24.5 B 4.3 15.8 B 3.4 75.1 B 3.9 13.1 B 2.7 4.5 A 1.2 7.2 A 1.9

100% 95.2 A 1.1 41.3 A 2.3 19.7 A 1.9 10.3 A 1.5 83.3 A 1.4 9.8 A 0.8 4.0 A 0.7 2.8 A 0.8

Potential Borrowers94.1 A 1.3 45.1 B 3.8 17.4 B 2.6 9.3 A 1.9 79.9 A 2.1 12.7 A 1.5 3.9 A 0.7 3.6 A 1.0


93.4 A 2.0 48.6 B 5.0 25.5 B 4.0 12.1 B 3.0 72.4 B 3.7 15.1 A 2.4 7.2 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.8




Charity 99.4 A 0.3 36.2 A 1.9 11.2 A 1.3 3.3 A 0.4 90.3 A 0.8 8.1 A 0.7 1.0 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.1

For-profit 94.5 A 1.3 52.3 B 3.7 24.8 B 3.1 14.7 A 2.4 72.8 B 2.7 16.0 A 2.0 6.4 A 1.4 4.9 A 1.0

91.8 A 0.4 46.1 A 0.9 20.7 A 0.6 12.7 A 0.5 75.0 A 0.6 15.1 A 0.5 5.2 A 0.2 4.7 A 0.3

97.3 A 0.5 40.6 A 2.3 14.0 A 1.7 5.5 A 1.2 84.3 A 1.2 11.5 A 1.0 2.6 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.3


(Intensity) Average Percentage of Sales

Survey question(s):I.4 In 2017, what percentage of your total sales was made to customers located:…?

Notes: I.4 is applicable to all respondentsPropensity refers to the percentage of businesses selling to a destination.


Table 20: Sales by Destinations

Sales destination

Within your local municipality or

region

Outside of your local municipality or

region but within your

province/territory

Rest of CanadaOutside Canada

(export sales)

Outside of your local municipality or

region but within your

province/territory

Social Enterprises

Employment Size


CMA Level





Region


Rest of CanadaOutside Canada

(export sales)

(Propensity) Percentage of Businesses

Within your local municipality or

region

Sales destination

Age of Business


New or significantly improved good or serviceNew or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business Innovation Activities

developed or introduced







Place of birth

Female Ownership


A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovations


Location

Export Status



% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 88.3 A 0.5 11.7 A 0.5 40.7 A 2.0 46.9 A 2.2 12.4 A 1.6 87.0 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.2 2.8 A 0.6 6.9 A 1.1 16.6 A 1.8 25.6 A 2.1 7.9 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.0 5.8 A 0.9 12.3 A 1.4 18.2 A 1.7

1 to 4 employees 90.1 A 0.7 9.9 A 0.7 33.9 B 3.4 52.5 B 3.8 13.6 B 3.0 81.8 B 3.2 5.1 A 1.6 0.8 A 0.3 4.0 A 1.3 14.7 B 3.0 24.8 B 3.7 6.7 A 1.7 4.4 A 1.9 4.1 A 1.4 8.7 A 2.0 17.1 B 2.8

5 to 19 employees 88.0 A 0.8 12.0 A 0.8 38.8 B 3.1 50.8 B 3.3 10.4 A 1.8 90.7 A 2.1 9.4 A 2.4 3.4 A 1.3 8.1 A 2.4 17.0 B 3.1 24.6 B 3.3 7.5 A 1.6 3.8 A 1.2 5.1 A 1.4 14.5 B 2.7 16.5 B 2.8

20 to 99 employees 83.0 A 1.1 17.0 A 1.1 59.7 B 3.3 26.5 B 3.0 13.8 A 2.3 92.7 A 2.4 15.2 B 2.7 6.9 A 1.9 11.1 A 2.3 20.8 B 3.2 29.1 B 3.6 9.3 B 2.6 7.2 A 1.9 11.0 A 2.5 17.8 B 3.1 24.7 B 3.3

100 to 499 employees 70.9 B 2.7 29.1 B 2.7 60.2 C 5.6 30.0 C 5.5 9.8 B 4.6 94.3 A 2.5 17.1 B 2.7 6.8 A 1.8 12.3 B 2.5 17.6 B 3.0 30.1 C 5.2 17.9 B 3.4 6.0 A 1.4 9.8 A 2.2 13.9 B 3.2 20.2 B 3.7

Atlantic 90.5 A 1.4 9.5 A 1.4 32.7 C 6.0 60.0 C 6.7 7.3 B 2.9 90.9 B 3.6 5.1 B 2.7 3.7 A 2.0 10.1 B 3.5 24.8 C 5.7 31.1 C 6.3 15.0 B 4.8 5.7 B 2.9 9.3 B 3.7 12.8 B 4.2 15.2 B 4.4

Quebec 89.4 A 1.2 10.6 A 1.2 42.0 C 5.7 41.5 C 6.2 16.5 C 5.4 77.5 C 5.6 6.0 A 1.9 5.9 A 2.3 8.2 A 2.5 16.4 B 4.8 44.1 C 6.4 7.8 B 3.3 7.8 B 4.1 7.7 B 3.2 10.4 B 3.6 13.4 B 3.3

Ontario 84.7 A 0.8 15.3 A 0.8 40.1 B 2.6 49.4 B 2.8 10.5 A 1.7 89.6 A 2.1 8.2 A 1.3 2.4 A 0.5 6.9 A 1.5 14.7 A 2.3 20.0 A 2.4 6.9 A 1.2 4.8 A 1.0 4.3 A 0.9 10.4 A 1.6 18.0 A 2.4

Northern Ontario 91.4 A 1.5 8.6 A 1.5 49.0 D 9.0 41.7 D 9.3 9.3 B 4.6 96.7 A 2.3 5.4 A 2.4 0.7 A 0.7 1.5 A 1.0 6.7 B 3.9 11.5 B 4.8 12.0 C 5.4 0.8 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.7 2.3 A 2.1 2.5 A 2.1

Southern Ontario 84.2 A 0.9 15.8 A 0.9 39.8 B 2.7 49.6 B 2.9 10.6 A 1.8 89.4 A 2.2 8.3 A 1.3 2.4 A 0.5 7.1 A 1.5 15.0 A 2.3 20.3 A 2.5 6.8 A 1.2 4.9 A 1.1 4.4 A 0.9 10.7 A 1.7 18.6 A 2.4

Prairies 93.8 A 0.7 6.2 A 0.7 48.4 C 5.3 37.3 C 5.3 14.3 B 3.4 92.4 B 2.8 8.7 B 3.0 1.5 A 0.8 3.9 A 1.5 12.2 B 3.3 18.9 B 4.5 5.6 B 2.5 4.0 A 2.3 8.8 B 3.4 8.5 A 2.2 20.2 B 4.2

Manitoba 91.6 A 1.6 8.4 A 1.6 44.1 D 9.3 47.0 D 9.7 9.0 C 5.6 90.3 C 6.4 18.2 D 9.4 4.9 B 3.5 3.5 B 2.9 21.6 D 9.4 23.4 D 9.9 2.1 A 2.0 3.1 B 2.9 17.2 D 9.2 5.5 B 3.5 20.5 D 9.5

Saskatchewan 95.1 A 1.3 4.9 A 1.3 56.3 E 12.9 26.0 E 10.6 17.7 D 9.6 94.8 C 5.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.6 C 5.5 11.8 D 7.8 11.8 D 7.8 24.0 E 14.6 18.8 E 14.6 18.8 E 14.6 5.2 C 5.1 7.5 C 5.8

Alberta 94.0 A 0.8 6.0 A 0.8 48.2 C 7.0 36.5 C 7.0 15.3 B 4.4 92.7 B 3.6 7.3 B 3.1 0.7 A 0.6 3.7 A 1.8 9.4 B 3.4 18.8 C 5.7 3.2 A 1.8 1.4 A 1.0 4.2 B 2.5 10.1 B 3.0 22.5 C 5.4

British Columbia and Territories 87.1 A 1.4 12.9 A 1.4 38.7 C 5.3 48.5 C 5.6 12.8 B 3.7 86.8 B 3.4 13.7 B 4.8 1.3 A 0.8 6.0 B 3.6 21.6 C 5.6 21.7 C 5.3 9.8 B 2.7 1.2 A 0.7 4.6 A 1.6 21.5 B 4.9 23.9 C 5.3

St. John's 94.5 B 3.0 5.5 B 3.0 30.5 F 25.8 46.3 F 27.4 23.2 F 21.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.2 C 6.7 32.3 F 22.6 67.7 F 22.6 76.8 F 21.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 37.1 F 28.0

Halifax 87.5 C 5.1 12.5 C 5.1 16.2 D 9.3 66.0 F 16.7 17.9 E 12.1 84.7 E 10.9 8.8 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 3.8 B 3.5 0.0 A 0.0 12.7 D 9.8 5.5 C 5.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.2 A 0.1 3.8 B 3.5 12.6 C 7.1

Quebec 90.7 B 3.3 9.3 B 3.3 31.9 F 16.6 55.5 F 17.5 12.6 D 9.0 80.8 F 16.1 6.1 B 5.0 28.8 F 17.2 14.7 D 9.9 14.4 D 9.0 59.2 F 17.0 0.6 A 0.6 6.1 B 5.0 15.1 D 9.1 6.1 B 5.0 14.7 D 9.9

Montreal 84.4 A 2.1 15.6 A 2.1 46.0 D 7.6 41.0 D 8.1 13.0 B 4.3 73.1 D 7.5 6.2 B 2.6 5.3 B 2.6 8.3 B 3.2 22.0 C 6.8 50.6 D 7.7 11.0 B 4.9 10.8 C 5.9 9.7 B 4.8 12.6 C 5.0 16.8 B 4.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 87.1 B 2.5 12.9 B 2.5 30.1 D 9.2 60.1 D 9.9 9.9 C 6.0 73.0 D 9.7 2.1 A 1.7 2.1 A 1.4 6.3 B 4.2 15.6 C 6.8 27.3 D 8.7 10.6 C 6.9 2.5 A 1.8 4.7 B 3.2 9.8 C 5.0 17.6 D 7.7

Toronto 81.0 A 1.5 19.0 A 1.5 37.4 B 3.7 55.9 B 4.0 6.7 A 1.6 91.4 B 2.6 8.1 A 1.8 2.3 A 0.7 7.8 A 2.4 14.5 B 3.3 18.1 B 3.2 6.8 A 1.7 6.6 A 1.8 3.4 A 1.2 11.8 B 2.5 15.6 B 2.8

Kingston 86.2 B 3.5 13.8 B 3.5 39.9 E 11.9 40.4 E 13.9 19.6 E 13.7 86.7 D 9.0 14.6 E 12.1 7.6 C 6.4 15.3 E 12.1 40.9 E 14.7 54.3 E 13.4 1.6 A 0.9 0.9 A 0.5 4.1 B 2.6 5.0 B 2.9 11.8 D 8.6

Hamilton 81.1 B 4.7 18.9 B 4.7 27.3 E 10.1 48.9 E 13.7 23.8 E 12.5 81.0 F 15.8 7.8 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.0 25.5 E 13.6 21.3 E 12.6 1.6 A 1.2 0.8 A 0.8 0.1 A 0.0 11.2 D 8.4 42.2 F 15.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 84.6 B 4.1 15.4 B 4.1 28.5 D 9.9 63.7 E 11.6 7.8 C 6.5 78.7 E 14.2 18.6 E 14.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.1 7.1 C 6.1 14.2 D 7.9 5.6 B 4.3 0.7 A 0.6 0.3 A 0.2 1.4 A 1.2 7.6 C 6.1

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 87.6 B 3.1 12.4 B 3.1 53.8 E 13.2 38.0 E 13.6 8.2 C 6.0 97.6 A 1.7 14.1 C 6.0 5.8 B 4.0 10.8 C 6.2 31.3 E 14.6 26.3 E 14.5 3.9 B 2.6 0.0 A 0.0 7.1 B 5.0 5.3 B 3.9 40.1 E 13.7

London 91.6 A 2.3 8.4 A 2.3 66.9 E 12.8 30.5 E 12.7 2.6 B 2.6 82.1 E 11.9 18.4 E 10.1 4.2 B 4.1 14.2 D 9.8 25.3 E 12.9 45.8 F 15.8 12.0 D 9.3 13.9 D 9.8 18.8 E 10.6 26.4 E 12.9 6.4 B 4.6

Windsor 75.5 C 5.3 24.5 C 5.3 32.1 E 11.1 46.4 E 12.8 21.4 D 9.8 100.0 A 0.0 14.5 D 8.2 1.5 A 1.5 8.0 C 6.0 2.0 A 1.5 8.5 C 6.0 9.0 D 7.6 2.0 A 1.5 2.0 A 1.5 12.2 C 7.2 8.0 C 6.0

Thunder Bay 90.7 B 3.2 9.3 B 3.2 32.0 E 13.0 65.9 E 13.5 2.1 A 2.0 94.0 B 4.6 6.1 B 4.6 4.3 B 4.2 6.0 C 5.9 19.2 E 10.6 23.4 E 11.7 5.3 B 4.4 5.3 B 4.4 5.3 B 4.4 1.0 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0

Winnipeg 92.7 A 1.9 7.3 A 1.9 44.4 E 12.4 40.2 E 13.6 15.4 D 9.3 93.2 C 6.5 31.2 E 14.1 8.4 C 5.9 6.0 B 5.0 37.1 E 13.7 30.4 E 13.9 3.6 B 3.4 5.3 B 4.9 29.6 E 14.0 9.4 C 6.0 35.2 E 13.9

Calgary 91.1 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.9 52.3 E 10.8 28.5 D 9.6 19.2 C 7.2 93.2 B 4.0 1.4 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.3 3.1 A 2.2 6.5 B 3.2 7.7 B 4.4 2.6 A 2.1 0.3 A 0.3 0.3 A 0.3 10.5 B 4.8 16.3 C 6.6

Edmonton 95.0 A 1.4 5.0 A 1.4 37.0 E 12.7 37.9 F 15.6 25.1 E 12.1 100.0 A 0.0 11.6 D 8.9 2.5 B 2.6 5.9 C 5.7 15.0 D 9.5 38.6 F 15.0 0.0 A 0.0 2.6 B 2.7 11.6 D 8.9 14.3 D 8.0 26.8 E 11.7

Vancouver 80.7 B 2.6 19.3 B 2.6 39.7 C 7.0 49.4 C 7.3 11.0 B 4.6 87.7 B 4.0 10.9 C 5.5 1.3 A 0.9 8.4 C 5.1 24.7 C 7.1 24.0 C 7.1 7.7 B 2.6 1.2 A 0.8 5.0 A 2.1 16.2 C 5.4 25.5 C 6.6

Victoria 89.3 B 4.8 10.7 B 4.8 35.4 F 19.7 57.5 F 21.3 7.1 C 6.2 100.0 A 0.0 56.5 F 21.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 45.7 F 24.0 17.8 E 11.5 5.5 C 5.8 5.5 C 5.8 5.5 C 5.8 45.7 F 24.0 44.1 F 24.4

93.2 A 0.9 6.8 A 0.9 81.7 C 5.1 13.7 B 4.6 4.6 B 2.6 80.0 C 5.9 3.8 A 2.0 5.8 B 3.0 4.1 A 2.1 3.3 A 2.0 15.1 B 4.9 25.4 C 7.3 9.4 C 6.1 12.8 C 6.3 17.8 C 5.7 12.2 B 4.5

98.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.5 34.1 E 12.5 57.2 E 13.1 8.8 C 6.0 72.6 E 12.4 8.6 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 9.3 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 7.8 D 7.6 0.3 A 0.3 9.3 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 8.2 D 7.6 19.1 E 10.8

64.8 A 1.9 35.2 A 1.9 83.1 B 3.0 1.7 A 0.8 15.2 B 2.9 95.9 A 1.4 12.7 A 2.0 4.8 A 1.3 7.4 A 1.7 15.9 B 2.8 24.7 B 3.1 7.8 A 2.0 4.8 A 1.4 5.7 A 1.4 12.0 A 2.4 17.2 B 2.5

76.0 A 1.9 24.0 A 1.9 92.6 A 1.9 1.5 A 0.8 5.9 A 1.7 83.8 B 3.4 5.7 A 1.8 1.5 A 0.7 7.1 A 1.9 11.1 A 2.4 15.1 B 2.9 10.7 B 2.7 1.2 A 0.5 4.0 A 1.2 14.3 B 3.0 18.6 B 3.6

89.6 A 1.6 10.4 A 1.6 74.1 D 8.4 16.3 D 7.7 9.6 B 4.7 89.5 B 4.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 19.8 D 8.4 33.0 D 9.1 10.8 C 6.2 9.9 C 7.4 5.7 C 5.4 14.6 C 6.8 14.3 C 5.8

80.6 A 2.0 19.4 A 2.0 8.4 B 3.4 79.6 C 5.2 12.0 B 4.4 93.5 B 3.8 10.5 B 3.1 9.7 B 3.9 12.5 B 3.7 10.0 B 2.8 18.5 B 4.5 4.9 A 1.4 8.5 B 2.7 9.2 B 2.7 11.4 B 3.2 16.1 B 4.7

79.6 A 1.7 20.4 A 1.7 5.8 A 2.4 84.0 B 3.5 10.2 B 2.8 82.8 B 3.8 8.3 B 3.3 1.1 A 0.5 7.3 B 3.1 22.3 B 4.5 27.7 B 4.5 4.7 A 1.6 2.9 A 1.2 3.3 A 1.2 13.7 B 3.5 23.5 B 4.5

94.7 A 0.8 5.3 A 0.8 5.2 B 2.7 76.2 C 6.8 18.5 C 6.5 92.3 C 5.0 19.2 C 7.1 3.2 B 2.5 7.5 B 3.3 37.6 D 7.9 51.5 D 7.9 21.0 C 6.3 3.7 B 2.6 21.3 C 7.3 12.1 B 4.4 39.3 D 7.9

95.0 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.9 23.2 D 8.3 30.0 D 8.5 46.8 D 9.6 90.9 C 5.7 8.8 C 5.5 1.4 A 1.4 3.0 A 2.4 11.9 C 7.0 22.1 D 8.8 5.8 B 4.0 1.9 A 1.5 4.1 B 2.8 7.4 B 4.2 13.5 C 7.1

91.3 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.4 15.2 C 5.5 70.9 D 8.0 13.9 C 7.0 82.7 C 7.3 9.9 B 3.9 2.2 A 1.7 7.3 B 3.2 15.1 C 5.3 30.2 D 8.1 5.4 B 2.7 2.9 A 1.9 4.9 B 2.6 8.2 B 3.3 11.3 B 3.9

Tourism 79.4 B 3.8 20.6 B 3.8 0.7 A 0.7 90.7 B 4.0 8.6 B 3.9 85.7 C 6.4 13.2 C 6.1 1.9 A 1.5 7.3 B 4.2 24.8 D 9.3 35.3 E 10.2 15.3 C 5.5 4.1 A 2.1 10.3 B 4.0 11.4 B 4.9 12.9 B 4.5

Information and Communication 69.6 B 3.1 30.4 B 3.1 24.5 B 4.6 59.0 C 6.0 16.5 C 5.2 85.7 C 5.1 10.4 B 3.2 7.2 B 4.0 11.0 B 4.3 17.0 B 3.8 31.8 C 5.5 9.9 B 4.2 5.6 A 2.5 8.5 B 2.9 23.8 C 5.6 24.9 C 5.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 71.4 C 5.1 28.6 C 5.1 29.3 D 8.7 52.7 E 10.6 18.0 D 7.5 79.6 E 11.7 15.7 D 7.7 4.5 A 2.0 16.4 D 7.8 21.7 D 8.2 37.3 E 11.5 4.6 A 2.1 4.7 A 2.1 3.6 A 1.8 19.3 D 8.1 27.6 D 9.3

Rural 90.7 A 0.9 9.3 A 0.9 52.7 B 4.9 34.4 B 4.8 12.9 B 3.5 88.1 B 4.4 3.3 A 1.1 2.3 A 1.0 6.5 A 2.0 11.5 B 2.9 19.0 B 4.1 6.9 A 2.1 3.7 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.8 7.8 A 2.3 15.9 B 4.5

Urban 87.7 A 0.6 12.3 A 0.6 38.6 A 2.2 49.1 A 2.4 12.3 A 1.8 86.8 A 1.9 9.6 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.6 6.9 A 1.2 17.5 A 2.1 26.8 A 2.4 8.1 A 1.2 4.9 A 1.2 5.9 A 1.0 13.1 A 1.6 18.7 A 1.8

Exporter 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 40.7 A 2.0 46.9 A 2.2 12.4 A 1.6 87.0 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.2 2.8 A 0.6 6.9 A 1.1 16.6 A 1.8 25.6 A 2.1 7.9 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.0 5.8 A 0.9 12.3 A 1.4 18.2 A 1.7

Non-exporter 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 78.1 A 2.5 21.9 A 2.5 35.2 C 5.7 44.9 C 6.5 20.0 C 5.5 89.4 B 3.4 4.9 A 1.9 1.6 A 0.9 1.8 A 0.9 16.5 C 5.5 17.6 B 4.6 8.6 B 2.7 4.4 A 2.1 6.6 B 2.7 11.3 B 3.8 21.7 C 5.6

84.8 A 1.8 15.2 A 1.8 41.7 C 5.8 37.3 C 6.2 21.0 C 6.9 87.6 B 4.0 7.9 A 2.3 2.1 A 0.8 6.8 A 2.0 11.7 B 2.9 23.8 B 4.4 8.3 B 2.7 5.0 A 1.5 6.4 A 2.2 11.3 B 3.2 15.7 B 3.8

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 89.1 A 0.7 10.9 A 0.7 43.0 B 2.9 47.6 B 3.1 9.4 A 1.6 88.4 A 2.4 14.6 B 2.6 4.7 A 1.2 10.5 A 2.4 20.5 B 2.9 26.0 B 2.9 7.6 A 1.5 4.5 A 1.2 6.6 A 1.3 15.6 B 2.6 20.9 B 2.9

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 90.8 A 1.2 9.2 A 1.2 36.4 C 6.3 54.7 C 6.8 8.9 B 2.8 78.0 C 7.2 2.0 A 0.8 0.2 A 0.1 2.4 A 1.0 12.2 C 5.5 31.7 D 8.0 4.3 A 1.7 6.3 C 5.2 1.4 A 0.8 4.4 A 1.4 16.7 B 4.0

92.2 A 1.0 7.8 A 1.0 46.3 C 6.4 44.1 C 6.7 9.7 B 3.0 92.6 B 3.3 8.0 B 3.3 4.4 B 2.7 8.6 B 3.3 20.4 C 5.4 29.9 C 6.2 7.6 B 2.9 4.4 B 2.7 7.0 B 3.1 14.3 B 4.3 25.2 C 5.8

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 88.5 A 1.6 11.5 A 1.6 33.8 C 6.8 57.4 C 7.2 8.8 B 3.4 84.7 B 4.8 2.9 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.8 6.0 B 3.1 12.2 C 6.0 21.2 C 7.3 7.0 B 2.9 4.4 B 2.9 1.2 A 0.6 8.9 B 4.0 6.4 B 2.7

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 88.4 A 0.9 11.6 A 0.9 35.6 B 4.0 52.7 B 4.3 11.7 B 2.6 85.1 B 3.2 7.7 B 2.6 1.4 A 0.6 7.6 B 2.5 18.5 B 3.7 24.5 B 4.1 10.0 B 2.5 6.4 B 2.6 4.7 A 1.9 17.1 B 3.4 21.1 B 3.7

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 89.7 A 0.8 10.3 A 0.8 37.6 B 3.7 50.5 B 4.0 11.9 B 2.7 89.0 A 2.5 12.7 B 2.8 3.0 A 1.1 7.7 A 2.0 18.2 B 3.7 27.2 B 3.7 4.6 A 1.1 2.5 A 1.1 5.5 A 1.3 10.4 A 2.1 18.4 B 3.1

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 87.0 A 0.9 13.0 A 0.9 49.6 B 3.6 36.1 B 3.8 14.3 B 3.2 88.2 B 3.2 8.4 A 1.4 4.5 A 1.3 5.8 A 1.2 14.8 A 2.4 26.8 B 3.6 8.3 A 1.5 4.7 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.7 9.9 A 1.6 18.6 A 2.5

77.1 A 1.6 22.9 A 1.6 41.6 B 3.6 40.7 B 3.9 17.6 B 3.5 92.5 A 1.8 12.2 B 2.7 2.3 A 0.6 8.3 A 2.2 24.3 B 3.8 27.6 B 3.6 6.9 A 1.6 7.7 B 2.5 5.8 A 1.2 16.7 B 2.9 19.9 B 3.2

75.8 A 1.8 24.2 A 1.8 42.5 B 3.8 41.3 B 4.1 16.2 B 3.2 92.2 A 2.0 13.6 B 3.1 3.4 A 0.9 10.6 B 3.0 25.8 B 4.2 28.6 B 3.9 8.3 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.9 5.3 A 1.4 18.1 B 3.2 21.1 B 3.9

77.1 A 2.0 22.9 A 2.0 41.2 B 4.5 47.7 B 4.9 11.2 B 2.8 94.0 A 2.2 11.7 B 3.3 3.9 A 1.3 10.4 B 3.3 30.2 C 5.1 32.7 B 4.9 5.1 A 1.7 10.2 B 3.7 5.8 A 1.7 15.6 B 3.4 21.1 B 4.1

79.3 A 1.8 20.7 A 1.8 44.1 B 4.6 41.9 B 4.8 14.1 B 3.0 86.7 B 3.1 9.9 A 2.4 1.8 A 0.7 7.1 A 2.0 25.8 B 4.4 31.9 B 4.7 8.4 A 2.1 8.1 B 3.6 4.4 A 1.2 12.3 B 2.6 21.3 B 3.6

79.1 A 1.1 20.9 A 1.1 42.4 B 2.9 42.2 B 3.0 15.4 B 2.6 90.7 A 1.7 10.7 A 2.0 2.8 A 0.7 8.0 A 1.7 21.2 B 2.8 27.8 B 2.9 7.6 A 1.3 7.1 A 1.9 5.7 A 1.0 14.3 A 2.1 21.4 B 2.6

91.8 A 0.5 8.2 A 0.5 38.1 B 3.0 53.4 B 3.2 8.5 A 1.5 82.9 B 3.0 5.6 A 1.2 2.5 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.4 11.1 A 2.1 21.6 B 3.2 8.3 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.4 5.4 A 1.6 8.9 A 1.8 14.6 A 2.2

Holds IP 75.1 A 1.3 24.9 A 1.3 39.5 B 2.7 46.4 B 3.0 14.0 A 2.4 87.8 A 2.1 8.8 A 1.8 2.0 A 0.4 7.4 A 1.6 20.2 B 2.8 25.4 B 2.7 6.7 A 1.1 4.7 A 1.6 4.0 A 0.7 13.6 A 2.0 22.3 B 2.6

Holds Formal IP 67.9 A 2.2 32.1 A 2.2 51.0 B 4.2 34.4 B 4.5 14.5 B 2.8 90.5 B 2.8 11.4 B 2.8 3.5 A 0.9 11.3 B 2.9 21.2 B 3.7 32.5 B 4.0 8.8 A 1.8 3.7 A 0.9 6.1 A 1.2 15.6 B 3.0 26.7 B 4.0

No IP 92.6 A 0.5 7.4 A 0.5 41.4 B 3.1 48.7 B 3.3 9.9 A 1.9 86.2 B 2.8 7.7 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.1 6.2 A 1.4 12.0 A 2.1 24.4 B 3.3 9.6 A 1.9 4.5 A 1.2 7.5 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.9 13.2 A 2.2

Not familiar with any type of IP 86.0 A 0.6 14.0 A 0.6 41.3 A 2.2 47.1 A 2.3 11.5 A 1.4 87.4 A 1.8 7.9 A 1.2 2.5 A 0.6 7.2 A 1.2 17.4 A 2.0 26.6 A 2.3 7.6 A 1.1 4.6 A 1.1 5.6 A 1.0 11.9 A 1.5 19.1 A 1.9

Familiar with at least one type of IP 94.1 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.8 32.7 C 5.7 49.9 C 7.3 17.4 D 8.8 84.1 B 4.8 11.2 B 3.8 4.0 A 2.2 4.2 A 2.2 9.1 B 3.0 11.4 B 3.2 11.0 B 3.6 4.2 A 2.2 5.4 A 2.4 10.8 B 3.7 11.1 B 3.6

Procurement Did business with Federal government 70.6 B 2.6 29.4 B 2.6 38.9 C 5.2 43.4 C 5.1 17.7 B 3.6 93.5 B 2.8 14.9 B 4.1 10.4 B 3.5 10.4 B 3.5 20.5 B 4.5 35.0 B 4.8 15.1 B 4.0 10.2 B 3.9 10.7 B 3.1 14.1 B 3.7 20.8 B 4.1

<30 years old 96.5 A 1.3 3.5 A 1.3 51.4 F 18.3 44.0 F 17.8 4.6 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 27.7 F 19.8 25.7 F 20.0 25.7 F 20.0 36.9 F 19.5 25.7 F 20.0 0.0 A 0.0 25.7 F 20.0 25.7 F 20.0 36.9 F 19.5 27.9 F 19.8

30 to 39 years old 89.1 A 1.3 10.9 A 1.3 35.3 C 6.1 53.5 C 6.5 11.1 B 3.7 87.3 B 4.5 9.1 B 4.3 0.1 A 0.1 2.8 A 2.0 22.6 C 6.1 20.2 C 5.6 14.5 C 5.1 4.2 B 2.6 9.4 B 4.7 14.0 C 5.7 20.4 C 5.7

40 to 49 years old 87.4 A 1.1 12.6 A 1.1 33.9 B 4.0 51.9 B 4.5 14.2 B 3.2 85.9 B 3.1 4.6 A 1.3 2.2 A 1.2 7.5 A 2.3 16.6 B 3.6 25.2 B 4.1 6.6 A 1.8 3.4 A 1.2 2.4 A 0.8 11.7 A 2.4 16.3 B 3.2

50 to 64 years old 88.5 A 0.7 11.5 A 0.7 45.0 B 3.1 45.0 B 3.2 10.0 A 1.5 86.1 B 2.8 10.9 A 2.0 3.5 A 0.9 7.7 A 1.7 15.1 B 2.5 28.8 B 3.3 6.7 A 1.2 5.2 A 1.8 5.9 A 1.1 12.5 A 2.0 18.3 A 2.5

65+ years old 87.3 A 1.4 12.7 A 1.4 44.9 C 5.6 36.5 C 5.3 18.6 C 7.0 91.8 B 2.9 8.0 A 2.1 4.0 A 1.5 5.8 A 1.7 14.7 B 3.3 20.9 B 4.1 8.3 A 2.3 5.3 A 2.0 8.0 B 2.6 10.5 A 2.5 19.5 B 4.1

Less than high school 93.0 A 1.2 7.0 A 1.2 55.0 D 8.2 35.5 D 7.7 9.5 B 4.3 92.3 B 4.3 7.8 B 4.2 5.5 B 3.2 3.1 A 2.4 5.3 B 2.8 7.6 B 3.6 7.6 B 3.7 2.6 A 2.3 3.7 B 2.6 6.4 B 3.6 7.3 B 3.2

High school 92.9 A 0.7 7.1 A 0.7 47.0 C 5.1 40.8 C 5.3 12.3 B 3.3 89.0 B 3.0 8.8 B 2.8 1.2 A 0.7 2.8 A 1.0 15.8 B 4.8 16.7 B 3.7 8.1 A 2.4 3.5 A 1.8 9.5 B 3.1 6.1 A 1.7 16.6 B 3.9

College/Cegep/Trade School 90.9 A 0.7 9.1 A 0.7 50.7 B 4.1 35.9 B 4.0 13.4 B 2.6 89.9 B 2.5 9.3 A 2.1 3.0 A 1.2 9.8 A 2.4 11.5 A 2.4 22.0 B 3.5 7.7 B 2.8 4.7 A 1.6 7.5 B 2.7 12.9 B 3.4 14.5 B 2.7

Bachelor's degree 82.8 A 1.3 17.2 A 1.3 39.9 B 3.8 48.5 B 4.2 11.7 B 3.1 83.6 B 3.5 8.5 A 2.4 3.2 A 1.1 7.5 A 2.2 19.3 B 3.5 30.3 B 4.2 7.2 A 1.5 4.9 A 2.1 3.6 A 0.9 13.3 B 2.7 18.8 B 2.9

Master's degree or above 83.3 A 1.5 16.7 A 1.5 24.9 B 3.3 61.8 B 4.3 13.2 B 3.3 87.6 B 3.5 8.3 A 1.9 2.7 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.6 19.7 B 3.7 30.5 B 4.2 9.3 A 2.4 5.6 A 1.9 5.7 A 1.6 15.2 B 2.9 24.3 B 4.4

In Canada 89.2 A 0.5 10.8 A 0.5 40.9 A 2.4 47.6 B 2.7 11.5 A 2.0 88.9 A 2.1 8.0 A 1.2 3.4 A 0.8 6.4 A 1.0 16.4 A 2.1 24.9 A 2.5 6.8 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.4 5.5 A 0.9 10.4 A 1.4 17.0 A 1.9

Outside Canada 85.7 A 1.1 14.3 A 1.1 40.5 B 3.9 45.1 B 4.1 14.4 B 2.7 82.8 B 3.1 10.0 B 2.8 1.5 A 0.5 7.8 B 2.6 17.0 B 3.4 27.2 B 4.0 10.4 A 2.5 3.6 A 1.1 6.5 A 2.1 16.6 B 3.4 21.0 B 3.5

0% 88.2 A 0.7 11.8 A 0.7 40.8 B 2.7 47.6 B 3.0 11.6 A 2.3 87.6 A 2.4 9.3 A 1.7 3.0 A 0.8 7.7 A 1.6 18.0 B 2.5 25.1 B 2.9 8.3 A 1.6 3.2 A 0.9 6.5 A 1.4 12.5 A 2.0 17.6 A 2.2

1% to 49% 85.4 A 1.5 14.6 A 1.5 38.8 B 4.8 48.9 C 5.3 12.3 B 3.6 88.9 B 3.0 5.9 A 1.6 3.4 A 1.2 6.2 A 1.7 9.8 B 2.6 22.3 B 4.2 8.0 B 2.5 8.1 B 2.8 6.5 A 2.3 12.0 B 2.9 18.4 B 3.6

50% 89.5 A 1.0 10.5 A 1.0 41.4 B 4.7 45.6 C 5.0 13.1 B 3.1 89.1 B 3.2 9.4 B 3.2 2.2 A 1.0 5.8 B 2.6 14.8 B 3.5 21.1 B 3.9 7.2 A 1.8 3.6 A 1.3 4.2 A 1.5 13.8 B 3.5 16.8 B 3.7

51% to 99% 84.2 B 3.4 15.8 B 3.4 52.0 E 11.3 37.8 E 11.3 10.3 C 5.2 72.6 E 11.5 8.8 C 7.0 11.2 C 7.4 13.3 D 7.8 13.3 C 7.4 34.7 E 10.7 10.1 D 7.6 4.4 B 2.9 10.0 C 7.2 28.5 E 11.5 21.6 D 9.3

100% 89.7 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.5 38.3 D 8.0 46.0 D 8.4 15.8 C 5.3 83.0 C 6.0 7.3 B 3.1 0.3 A 0.3 3.4 A 2.3 21.3 C 7.5 36.4 D 8.4 6.3 A 2.4 10.0 C 6.6 2.9 A 1.4 4.5 A 1.6 22.6 C 6.9

Potential Borrowers90.7 A 1.9 9.3 A 1.9 38.5 D 9.7 55.8 E 10.2 5.7 B 3.4 92.6 B 4.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 11.3 C 6.8 14.5 D 8.0 6.6 B 4.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.2 A 0.2 4.0 B 3.9 15.2 D 8.0


87.9 B 3.0 12.1 B 3.0 41.9 E 13.9 48.0 E 12.8 10.1 C 5.1 88.7 D 7.9 9.2 B 4.6 0.3 A 0.3 2.2 A 2.1 6.5 B 4.3 19.6 D 8.9 25.5 F 15.5 6.4 B 4.6 26.0 F 15.5 29.0 F 15.2 13.8 C 6.2

Co-operatives Co-operatives 93.2 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.1 66.6 D 7.8 13.1 B 4.3 20.3 C 7.0 78.4 C 7.3 7.6 C 6.2 11.5 C 6.6 7.6 C 6.2 7.6 C 6.2 33.1 D 8.6 14.4 C 6.7 10.6 C 6.3 17.4 C 6.8 21.2 C 7.2 25.4 D 8.4

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 58.8 A 2.2 41.2 A 2.2 78.1 B 3.0 7.1 A 1.9 14.8 A 2.5 91.0 A 2.2 17.3 B 2.8 7.2 A 1.8 14.8 A 2.5 13.9 B 2.6 26.1 B 3.3 17.8 B 3.0 7.0 A 1.5 5.5 A 1.3 19.7 B 3.0 20.1 B 2.8

Not-for-profit 98.2 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 89.6 B 2.9 10.4 B 2.9 50.8 E 13.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 15.0 D 8.0 50.8 E 13.0 10.4 B 2.9 10.4 B 2.9 15.0 D 8.0 10.4 B 2.9 38.8 E 14.7

Charity 96.7 A 0.4 3.3 A 0.4 39.1 C 5.3 46.3 C 6.9 14.6 B 4.7 73.9 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 46.3 C 6.9 46.3 C 6.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 27.6 C 5.1 14.6 B 4.7 26.1 B 3.8

For-profit 85.3 A 2.4 14.7 A 2.4 41.7 D 8.1 47.3 D 8.7 11.0 B 4.6 73.4 D 9.1 13.1 C 5.4 7.9 C 5.3 9.6 B 4.9 13.1 C 5.4 32.7 D 8.1 3.9 A 2.2 2.7 A 2.0 4.7 B 3.0 6.1 B 2.5 29.0 D 8.9

87.3 A 0.5 12.7 A 0.5 41.6 A 2.1 46.8 A 2.2 11.6 A 1.3 87.2 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.3 2.8 A 0.6 7.0 A 1.1 17.0 A 1.9 26.1 A 2.2 8.0 A 1.1 4.8 A 1.1 5.7 A 1.0 12.7 A 1.5 18.0 A 1.7

94.5 A 1.2 5.5 A 1.2 27.3 D 7.9 47.8 E 11.2 24.9 E 13.7 84.4 D 9.2 4.1 A 2.2 3.4 A 2.1 4.4 A 2.2 9.7 B 4.5 18.7 C 6.8 6.5 B 2.8 3.6 A 2.0 7.2 B 3.0 6.7 B 3.0 22.0 D 9.2


Type of Export

Exported goods only Exported services onlyExported both goods

and servicesOther

(Propensity) Percentage of Exporters

Did NOT export in 2017

Exported in 2017 The United States Other Latin America Other Europe Japan Other Asia

Export destination

Mexico China IndiaBrazil United Kingdom



Table 21: Exports (Percentage of Business That Export, Export Type and Export Destination)Survey question(s):I.4 In 2017, what percentage of your total sales was made to customers located:…?I.5 In 2017, what percentage of your business' total exports was represented by sales of...? I.7 In 2017, what percentage of your business’ total exports was made to:

Notes:I.4 is applicable to all respondents.I.5 and I.7 are applicable only to those that exported in 2017.Propensity refers to the percentage of businesses selling to a destination.

CMA Level

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS


Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)

Employment Size

Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)

Region



Location

Export Status


Age of Business



Negative Growth Firms (Less than 0% growth per








Place of birth

Female Ownership

Social Enterprises


% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 93.7 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 6.8 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.3 5.3 A 0.4 8.7 A 0.5





Atlantic 95.5 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.9 4.0 A 0.9 4.9 A 0.9 6.4 A 1.0 5.3 A 1.0 1.6 A 0.7 3.9 A 1.0 6.1 A 1.1 6.8 A 1.0

Quebec 89.5 A 1.1 6.0 A 0.9 4.1 A 0.9 5.1 A 1.0 5.5 A 0.8 5.3 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.5 4.1 A 0.8 4.6 A 0.7 15.1 A 1.4

Ontario 93.9 A 0.7 5.1 A 0.5 5.5 A 0.6 4.6 A 0.5 7.5 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.3 3.5 A 0.5 5.7 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.6

Northern Ontario 96.7 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.8 5.4 A 1.3 4.4 A 1.0 7.6 A 1.6 4.6 A 1.1 1.3 A 0.4 4.3 A 1.1 5.0 A 1.2 5.3 A 1.3

Southern Ontario 93.7 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.6 5.5 A 0.6 4.6 A 0.5 7.4 A 0.8 4.7 A 0.6 1.2 A 0.3 3.4 A 0.5 5.7 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.6

Prairies 95.7 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.7 7.4 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8 7.4 A 0.8 5.7 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.3 3.3 A 0.5 5.4 A 0.7 8.2 A 1.0

Manitoba 93.7 A 2.1 4.9 A 1.6 7.1 A 1.8 8.4 A 2.0 5.0 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.5 1.4 A 0.7 2.1 A 0.9 4.3 A 1.5 3.5 A 1.6

Saskatchewan 97.0 A 1.0 7.1 A 1.8 6.2 A 1.7 8.5 A 2.0 10.3 A 2.1 7.6 A 1.8 1.3 A 0.6 3.5 A 1.1 6.9 A 1.8 5.1 A 1.3

Alberta 95.8 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.9 7.7 A 1.1 6.5 A 1.0 7.3 A 1.0 5.4 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.4 3.5 A 0.7 5.2 A 0.9 9.9 A 1.3

British Columbia and Territories 95.6 A 0.8 7.1 A 1.3 5.4 A 1.1 5.6 A 1.1 6.4 A 1.1 5.6 A 1.2 1.6 A 0.7 3.2 A 1.0 5.2 A 1.2 7.6 A 1.3

St. John's 95.8 B 2.6 1.2 A 1.3 7.9 C 6.9 7.9 C 6.9 11.5 C 7.1 10.2 C 7.0 7.9 C 6.9 7.9 C 6.9 7.9 C 6.9 4.5 B 3.0

Halifax 97.9 A 1.4 3.7 A 1.9 3.4 A 1.8 0.8 A 0.6 5.3 A 2.2 2.5 A 1.6 0.0 A 0.0 1.6 A 1.3 5.4 B 2.7 9.2 B 3.5

Quebec 89.3 B 4.4 1.9 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.4 1.6 A 1.2 8.7 B 3.5 7.1 B 2.8 1.5 A 1.5 6.4 B 2.6 7.9 B 3.0 23.0 C 7.4

Montreal 89.4 A 1.8 6.1 A 1.4 5.0 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.6 5.9 A 1.4 5.6 A 1.4 2.0 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.5 4.5 A 1.3 11.6 A 1.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 92.3 B 3.0 4.9 A 1.8 7.3 B 2.7 4.5 A 1.9 8.4 A 2.4 3.9 A 1.6 1.2 A 0.8 4.5 A 2.3 5.9 B 2.5 6.6 A 2.1

Toronto 92.7 A 1.2 3.3 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.9 4.2 A 0.8 6.9 A 1.2 5.4 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.9 5.9 A 1.1 6.2 A 1.1

Kingston 94.3 A 2.0 10.7 B 3.2 7.6 B 2.8 6.3 A 2.1 6.8 A 2.1 4.2 A 1.7 1.7 A 1.1 3.3 A 1.6 9.0 B 2.8 5.7 A 2.0

Hamilton 95.3 A 1.8 5.8 B 2.6 5.2 B 2.5 1.9 A 0.9 7.9 B 3.3 1.8 A 0.8 2.0 A 1.4 2.8 A 2.2 3.3 A 2.1 3.2 A 1.4

St. Catharines-Niagara 93.8 B 4.6 3.5 A 1.6 3.9 A 2.1 3.6 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.8 2.5 A 1.2 1.7 A 1.6 1.2 A 0.7 3.4 A 1.5 7.0 B 4.7

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 97.5 A 1.3 9.3 B 4.0 3.6 A 1.6 2.8 A 1.5 7.5 B 2.8 3.7 A 1.4 0.9 A 0.9 1.1 A 1.1 7.5 B 4.0 2.5 A 1.3

London 93.0 B 3.6 7.7 B 2.9 6.6 B 2.8 8.1 B 3.0 11.3 B 4.3 4.3 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.1 A 1.1 6.7 B 2.8 7.7 B 3.6

Windsor 97.0 A 2.0 5.1 B 2.7 5.9 B 2.7 5.6 B 2.7 5.9 B 2.7 4.4 A 2.0 1.0 A 1.0 1.6 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.6 4.3 A 2.1

Thunder Bay 97.1 A 1.7 6.1 A 2.5 4.4 A 2.2 4.4 A 2.2 7.5 B 2.7 6.7 B 2.6 1.9 A 0.9 3.7 A 2.2 4.0 A 2.2 13.7 B 4.8

Winnipeg 92.1 B 2.9 4.4 A 2.1 7.1 A 2.5 10.2 B 2.8 5.1 A 2.0 5.7 A 2.1 1.3 A 0.9 3.0 A 1.3 4.6 A 1.9 4.1 A 2.3

Calgary 97.7 A 0.8 5.1 A 1.7 7.0 A 1.8 5.7 A 1.5 7.0 A 1.8 5.3 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.8 4.2 A 1.4 4.8 A 1.4 7.4 A 1.8

Edmonton 93.5 A 2.1 5.1 A 1.6 9.1 A 2.4 6.5 A 2.0 6.7 A 1.9 3.1 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 3.4 A 1.3 5.1 A 1.6 8.2 B 2.5

Vancouver 96.2 A 1.1 6.2 A 1.6 6.6 A 1.8 7.6 A 2.1 6.9 A 2.0 6.1 A 2.1 3.5 A 1.7 6.0 A 2.1 8.0 A 2.3 6.7 A 1.8

Victoria 92.9 B 3.9 5.1 B 3.1 1.3 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.9 3.6 A 2.4 3.5 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.7 12.0 B 4.7

89.8 A 1.5 9.4 A 1.4 6.1 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.3 6.8 A 1.3 1.2 A 0.6 3.6 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.3 14.3 A 1.9

97.1 A 0.8 6.5 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.2 4.6 A 1.2 6.2 A 1.1 3.6 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.6 4.5 A 0.9 7.0 A 1.3

82.5 A 2.3 14.8 A 2.0 11.8 A 1.6 13.9 A 1.8 18.2 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.5 1.5 A 0.6 9.0 A 1.4 13.5 A 1.8 19.5 A 2.3

79.9 A 2.1 8.6 A 1.4 11.4 A 1.6 11.6 A 1.6 11.1 A 1.4 8.3 A 1.4 2.5 A 0.8 6.5 A 1.3 8.1 A 1.4 22.9 A 2.2

92.8 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.3 6.3 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.4 10.9 A 1.5 8.3 A 1.4 2.3 A 0.8 6.2 A 1.4 7.5 A 1.5 10.0 A 1.6

91.7 A 1.6 5.5 A 1.4 7.2 A 1.5 10.6 A 1.8 9.6 A 1.6 5.3 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.4 5.0 A 1.4 8.0 A 1.6 8.9 A 1.6

87.9 A 1.7 5.0 A 1.0 10.1 A 1.5 5.4 A 1.1 8.3 A 1.3 8.4 A 1.3 2.9 A 0.8 5.7 A 1.2 7.0 A 1.2 12.1 A 1.7

99.8 A 0.1 2.1 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.5 0.3 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.3 1.5 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.3

98.8 A 0.4 2.5 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.9 3.6 A 1.0 4.3 A 1.0 2.4 A 0.8 0.8 A 0.5 2.7 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.8 4.9 A 1.1

97.2 A 0.7 2.6 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.6 1.9 A 0.5 2.6 A 0.7 3.3 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.4 1.6 A 0.6 2.7 A 0.7 5.0 A 1.1

Tourism 98.1 A 1.3 1.8 A 0.9 2.3 A 1.0 3.1 A 1.3 8.7 B 3.0 1.9 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.6 1.6 A 0.8 4.6 A 2.0

Information and Communication 85.4 B 2.5 2.6 A 1.0 3.6 A 1.1 4.2 A 1.2 10.0 A 2.0 9.5 A 2.4 2.8 A 1.0 8.7 A 2.3 11.5 A 2.4 10.2 A 1.7

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 83.2 B 4.3 4.6 A 1.9 7.8 B 3.0 4.2 A 2.3 6.9 A 2.4 12.9 B 4.4 1.2 A 0.7 3.4 A 1.8 6.0 A 2.3 10.4 B 3.9

Rural 93.9 A 0.8 5.7 A 0.8 4.6 A 0.6 5.4 A 0.6 6.9 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.7 1.1 A 0.3 3.0 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.6 9.5 A 1.2

Urban 93.6 A 0.5 5.6 A 0.4 5.7 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 6.8 A 0.5 5.1 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.4 8.5 A 0.5

Exporter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Non-exporter 93.7 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.4 5.5 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 6.8 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.4 1.4 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.3 5.3 A 0.4 8.7 A 0.5

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 85.2 B 2.7 7.4 A 1.8 8.0 A 2.0 7.1 A 1.8 7.1 A 1.4 8.5 A 2.1 3.8 A 1.7 7.4 A 2.0 6.8 A 1.7 15.1 A 2.4

94.2 A 1.1 7.7 A 1.7 7.8 A 1.7 7.6 A 1.6 9.0 A 1.7 6.4 A 1.3 1.8 A 0.9 5.3 A 1.4 7.1 A 1.4 8.2 A 1.5

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 94.0 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.6 5.5 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.3 3.0 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.5 7.3 A 0.6

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 95.8 A 0.7 4.9 A 0.9 4.0 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.8 3.2 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.2 3.0 A 0.6 4.2 A 0.7 9.9 A 1.5

92.6 A 1.3 4.8 A 0.9 5.4 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.9 7.5 A 1.2 4.7 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.1 3.4 A 0.8 5.4 A 1.1 10.0 A 1.5

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 94.6 A 1.2 4.8 A 0.9 3.2 A 0.7 4.0 A 1.0 5.4 A 1.2 5.0 A 1.3 1.9 A 0.9 3.2 A 1.0 5.1 A 1.2 7.1 A 1.4



Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 93.1 A 0.6 6.1 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.6 6.6 A 0.6 8.0 A 0.7 5.1 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.3 3.7 A 0.5 5.2 A 0.6 10.5 A 0.9

90.4 A 1.2 7.6 A 1.1 9.2 A 1.2 9.1 A 1.2 10.5 A 1.2 8.7 A 1.2 3.2 A 0.9 7.6 A 1.2 9.8 A 1.2 12.0 A 1.3

89.8 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.6 10.1 A 1.5 11.3 A 1.6 13.1 A 1.7 12.1 A 1.8 3.3 A 1.0 8.8 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.8 14.1 A 1.7

92.9 A 1.0 7.3 A 1.2 8.4 A 1.2 7.7 A 1.2 11.0 A 1.4 6.9 A 1.1 2.3 A 0.7 5.8 A 1.0 8.8 A 1.2 11.9 A 1.5

91.0 A 1.3 7.5 A 1.3 9.1 A 1.5 9.7 A 1.5 11.3 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.6 3.1 A 1.0 9.5 A 1.6 10.7 A 1.7 10.8 A 1.5

90.8 A 0.9 7.6 A 0.8 8.9 A 0.9 8.7 A 0.9 10.7 A 0.9 8.3 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.9 9.3 A 0.9 11.6 A 1.0

94.3 A 0.5 4.9 A 0.5 4.4 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.4 5.7 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.2 2.6 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.4 8.0 A 0.6

Holds IP 88.5 A 1.1 7.1 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.9 7.6 A 0.9 2.6 A 0.6 6.7 A 1.0 8.1 A 0.9 13.0 A 1.2

Holds Formal IP 87.6 A 1.8 7.9 A 1.4 10.8 A 1.8 10.0 A 1.8 11.0 A 1.6 10.3 A 1.8 3.0 A 1.1 9.4 A 2.0 10.0 A 1.9 11.4 A 1.9

No IP 94.8 A 0.4 5.3 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.4 5.1 A 0.4 6.4 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.2 2.8 A 0.3 4.7 A 0.4 7.8 A 0.6

Not familiar with any type of IP 92.2 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.5 6.6 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.5 7.8 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.4 6.1 A 0.5 10.1 A 0.6

Familiar with at least one type of IP 97.0 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.7 2.9 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.7 4.8 A 0.8 3.2 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.5 3.6 A 0.7 5.6 A 0.9

Procurement Did business with Federal government 87.1 A 1.9 11.8 A 1.9 13.9 A 2.2 8.4 A 1.8 12.5 A 2.0 10.6 A 2.0 2.2 A 1.0 3.3 A 1.0 7.9 A 1.8 12.6 A 2.1

<30 years old 91.6 B 4.6 2.8 A 1.3 7.4 B 4.6 6.0 B 4.5 3.7 A 1.4 3.6 A 1.6 0.5 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.8 2.4 A 1.0 7.8 B 3.3




65+ years old 92.7 A 1.1 5.8 A 1.1 5.9 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.0 6.7 A 1.2 6.0 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.6 4.9 A 1.0 7.9 A 1.2

Less than high school 94.3 A 1.1 4.4 A 1.1 3.7 A 1.0 4.1 A 1.0 7.3 A 1.9 4.3 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.3 3.2 A 0.8 6.0 A 1.3 8.7 A 2.1

High school 94.7 A 0.7 4.9 A 0.8 4.8 A 0.7 5.7 A 0.8 6.7 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.7 1.4 A 0.5 2.7 A 0.6 4.8 A 0.7 7.7 A 0.9

College/Cegep/Trade School 94.4 A 0.7 5.8 A 0.7 5.9 A 0.7 6.0 A 0.7 6.5 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.4 3.8 A 0.6 4.8 A 0.6 9.0 A 1.0

Bachelor's degree 91.7 A 0.9 6.6 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.8 6.1 A 0.8 8.4 A 0.9 6.6 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.4 4.3 A 0.7 6.9 A 0.9 9.1 A 1.0

Master's degree or above 93.1 A 1.2 5.5 A 1.0 5.2 A 1.0 3.1 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.8 4.7 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.5 3.4 A 0.8 4.3 A 0.9 9.1 A 1.3

In Canada 93.0 A 0.5 6.0 A 0.4 5.8 A 0.4 5.6 A 0.4 7.1 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.2 3.2 A 0.3 4.9 A 0.4 9.9 A 0.6

Outside Canada 95.6 A 0.8 4.5 A 0.8 4.6 A 0.8 4.9 A 0.8 5.9 A 0.9 5.2 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.5 4.6 A 0.8 6.5 A 0.9 5.0 A 0.8

0% 93.2 A 0.6 5.8 A 0.6 5.8 A 0.6 5.6 A 0.6 7.2 A 0.6 5.2 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.3 4.1 A 0.5 5.6 A 0.5 8.7 A 0.7

1% to 49% 91.1 A 1.5 7.1 A 1.2 4.5 A 0.8 5.6 A 0.9 6.1 A 0.9 6.5 A 1.3 0.8 A 0.3 3.0 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.9 13.2 A 2.0

50% 94.9 A 0.7 5.5 A 0.8 6.7 A 0.9 6.1 A 0.8 7.8 A 0.9 5.6 A 0.8 1.9 A 0.6 3.7 A 0.7 6.7 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8

51% to 99% 93.7 B 3.2 4.9 A 1.6 4.8 A 1.5 3.9 A 1.4 5.6 A 1.6 4.4 A 1.5 0.6 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.9 4.4 A 1.4 7.0 B 3.2

100% 95.2 A 1.0 4.0 A 0.8 3.2 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.8 4.3 A 0.8 3.7 A 0.8 0.5 A 0.2 2.0 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.7 8.4 A 1.6

Potential Borrowers86.2 B 3.0 8.6 A 2.3 9.7 A 2.3 6.3 A 1.6 9.0 A 2.1 6.8 A 2.1 3.2 A 1.8 8.7 A 2.4 9.0 A 2.1 12.6 B 2.9


94.2 A 1.8 5.7 A 2.0 4.5 A 1.6 6.1 A 2.1 8.1 A 2.2 5.3 A 1.6 0.6 A 0.5 9.7 A 2.5 9.3 A 2.5 8.1 A 2.4

Co-operatives Co-operatives 95.6 A 0.7 4.2 A 0.8 4.1 A 0.8 4.8 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.3 2.0 A 0.5 3.3 A 0.6 9.3 A 1.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 82.9 A 2.0 6.3 A 1.3 11.2 A 1.7 5.9 A 1.1 11.4 A 1.7 8.4 A 1.6 2.6 A 1.0 6.0 A 1.4 7.2 A 1.4 18.5 A 2.3

Not-for-profit 97.9 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.2 1.4 A 0.5 1.4 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.5 2.9 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.2 2.4 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.4 7.2 A 0.8


For-profit 92.2 A 2.3 6.6 A 1.8 9.8 B 2.6 8.2 A 2.1 12.0 B 2.6 7.8 A 2.0 2.6 A 1.2 6.7 A 2.1 9.2 B 2.5 8.4 B 2.7

93.2 A 0.4 5.9 A 0.4 5.9 A 0.4 5.8 A 0.4 7.1 A 0.4 5.4 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.2 3.7 A 0.3 5.5 A 0.4 9.0 A 0.5

96.4 A 0.8 4.1 A 0.9 3.1 A 0.6 3.4 A 0.8 5.2 A 0.9 4.2 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 2.7 A 0.8 4.2 A 0.9 7.1 A 1.5


Social Enterprises







Place of birth

Female Ownership

CMA Level



or introduced

Location

Export Status

Growth

Age of Business


Region

Intellectual property issues


Local nature of business

Administrative obstacles in Canada

Reasons for not exporting

OtherAdministrative

obstacles outside of Canada

Border obstacles Logistical obstacles Market knowledge issues

Lack of financing/ inadequate cash-

flowFinancial risk

Table 22: Reasons for Not ExportingSurvey question(s):I.6 Which of the following were reasons your business did not export outside of Canada in 2017? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:I.6. is applicable to only to those that did not export in 2017.


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All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 71.9 A 1.9 18.4 A 1.6 6.9 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.8 63.7 A 2.1 20.0 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.1 6.0 A 0.9 64.6 A 2.0 17.6 A 1.5 11.1 A 1.3 6.7 A 1.0 63.1 A 2.0 17.4 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.2 7.6 A 1.0 67.2 A 2.0 19.3 A 1.6 9.5 A 1.3 4.0 A 1.1 83.1 A 1.5 11.6 A 1.2 3.7 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.6 72.8 A 1.9 14.5 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.2 4.5 A 0.9 66.2 A 2.0 18.8 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.2 4.7 A 0.9 88.4 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.5 4.7 A 1.4 4.6 A 1.0

1 to 4 employees 77.6 B 3.0 14.3 A 2.4 4.6 A 1.3 3.6 A 1.6 69.0 B 3.4 16.4 B 2.9 7.2 A 1.6 7.5 A 1.7 69.4 B 3.3 13.9 A 2.3 7.8 A 2.1 8.9 A 1.9 69.9 B 3.2 12.1 A 1.9 8.6 A 1.9 9.4 A 2.0 74.5 B 3.1 14.1 A 2.4 6.8 A 1.4 4.7 A 1.9 87.0 A 2.4 7.1 A 1.7 4.6 A 1.7 1.3 A 0.7 79.8 B 2.8 8.8 A 1.8 8.1 A 1.9 3.3 A 1.3 74.9 B 3.0 11.9 A 2.1 9.9 A 2.0 3.3 A 1.4 89.4 B 2.8 1.4 A 0.7 4.7 B 2.6 4.5 A 1.3

5 to 19 employees 66.6 B 3.3 21.8 B 3.0 9.4 A 1.7 2.1 A 1.0 61.7 B 3.4 22.0 B 3.0 10.2 A 1.8 6.0 A 1.3 63.9 B 3.2 19.7 B 2.7 11.8 A 2.0 4.6 A 1.0 61.0 B 3.3 20.6 B 2.7 12.6 A 1.8 5.7 A 1.4 60.2 B 3.6 22.5 B 3.0 13.1 B 2.9 4.2 A 1.7 80.0 B 2.7 15.1 A 2.3 2.8 A 0.9 2.0 A 1.3 62.8 B 3.6 20.1 B 3.2 9.7 A 2.4 7.3 A 1.9 57.4 B 3.5 26.1 B 3.2 10.1 A 2.0 6.5 A 1.4 86.0 B 3.2 3.1 A 1.2 5.4 A 2.1 5.6 A 2.4

20 to 99 employees 68.5 B 3.3 21.5 B 2.8 8.1 A 2.0 1.8 A 0.8 55.6 B 3.6 24.1 B 2.8 18.3 B 2.7 2.0 A 0.8 55.1 B 3.7 22.7 B 2.9 17.2 B 2.9 5.0 A 1.2 50.9 B 3.7 24.8 B 3.1 18.7 B 3.1 5.6 A 1.3 62.9 B 3.6 25.6 B 3.2 10.2 A 2.4 1.3 A 0.5 81.0 B 2.6 14.0 A 2.3 3.5 A 1.2 1.5 A 0.6 75.9 B 3.0 16.5 B 2.8 5.1 A 1.5 2.6 A 0.9 63.5 B 3.5 19.7 B 2.9 11.3 A 2.1 5.5 A 1.7 89.6 A 1.7 3.7 A 0.9 3.5 A 1.0 3.3 A 1.0

100 to 499 employees 64.5 B 4.6 24.0 B 3.5 7.4 A 2.2 4.1 B 2.5 52.2 C 5.3 28.6 B 4.8 16.1 B 3.0 3.1 A 2.4 54.0 C 5.1 22.3 B 3.0 17.6 B 3.0 6.1 B 2.9 50.9 C 5.3 22.9 B 3.6 17.2 B 3.0 9.0 A 2.1 59.5 C 5.3 26.7 C 5.2 9.2 A 2.0 4.5 A 1.8 73.7 B 4.1 22.5 B 4.0 2.3 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.9 63.8 C 5.7 24.6 B 4.9 9.7 B 4.8 1.8 A 0.6 52.1 C 5.3 32.9 C 5.2 10.7 A 2.1 4.3 A 1.7 92.9 A 1.7 0.6 A 0.4 2.5 A 1.3 4.0 A 1.0

Atlantic 86.3 B 3.9 11.2 B 3.6 1.3 A 0.6 1.2 A 1.2 77.1 C 5.1 13.2 B 3.9 7.7 B 2.7 2.0 A 1.7 74.2 C 5.4 14.4 B 3.9 8.2 B 3.0 3.2 A 1.8 75.3 C 5.2 12.8 B 3.8 4.4 A 1.9 7.5 B 2.7 81.8 B 4.7 10.2 B 3.5 4.9 A 2.2 3.1 A 2.2 88.3 B 3.9 10.6 B 3.8 1.1 A 0.7 0.0 A 0.0 72.5 D 8.0 7.6 B 2.8 7.9 B 3.0 11.9 D 8.0 71.0 C 5.8 13.0 B 4.0 12.9 B 3.7 3.1 A 2.0 96.4 A 1.7 0.8 A 0.7 1.5 A 1.2 1.2 A 0.8

Quebec 75.9 B 4.4 12.7 B 3.3 8.2 B 2.5 3.2 A 1.7 64.3 C 5.5 18.0 B 4.6 12.4 B 3.0 5.3 A 1.7 65.5 C 5.2 15.8 B 3.6 13.3 B 3.2 5.5 A 2.0 64.1 C 5.0 17.8 B 3.7 12.6 B 2.6 5.5 A 2.0 69.7 B 4.7 17.3 B 3.6 10.8 B 2.8 2.2 A 1.0 85.6 B 3.2 10.3 B 2.5 3.5 A 2.0 0.6 A 0.5 72.6 B 4.7 16.1 B 3.8 7.3 A 2.2 4.0 A 2.0 68.1 B 4.9 15.7 B 3.6 11.3 B 3.2 4.9 A 1.6 88.5 C 5.2 0.7 A 0.4 7.5 C 5.1 3.3 A 1.6

Ontario 70.1 B 2.6 19.7 A 2.2 6.2 A 1.2 4.0 A 1.5 60.3 B 2.9 22.8 B 2.5 11.0 A 1.5 5.8 A 1.4 61.0 B 2.9 18.9 A 2.1 12.4 A 2.1 7.8 A 1.6 60.2 B 2.9 18.2 A 2.0 13.2 A 2.0 8.5 A 1.7 65.6 B 2.9 19.9 A 2.3 9.9 A 2.0 4.5 A 1.6 82.3 A 2.1 12.8 A 1.8 4.0 A 1.0 0.9 A 0.3 71.3 B 2.7 17.1 A 2.4 8.1 A 1.4 3.4 A 0.9 63.3 B 2.8 22.3 A 2.4 10.2 A 1.5 4.2 A 1.4 87.7 A 2.1 4.0 A 1.1 3.7 A 0.8 4.6 A 1.8

Northern Ontario 71.6 D 8.4 18.8 D 7.8 3.1 A 1.8 6.5 B 4.1 70.1 D 8.8 17.5 D 7.7 6.8 B 4.6 5.6 B 3.4 57.0 D 9.3 25.2 D 8.6 5.1 B 2.7 12.7 C 5.3 70.8 D 8.3 13.8 C 7.0 6.9 B 4.3 8.5 B 3.8 74.8 D 8.4 15.2 C 7.4 9.4 C 5.0 0.7 A 0.7 85.4 C 7.1 11.5 C 6.8 0.9 A 0.9 2.2 A 2.2 75.0 D 8.4 19.0 D 8.2 4.8 A 2.4 1.3 A 1.0 78.0 D 7.8 18.5 D 7.7 2.3 A 1.1 1.2 A 0.8 97.4 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.8 A 0.8 1.9 A 1.8

Southern Ontario 70.1 B 2.7 19.7 A 2.2 6.3 A 1.2 3.9 A 1.6 60.0 B 2.9 23.0 B 2.6 11.2 A 1.6 5.8 A 1.5 61.1 B 2.9 18.6 A 2.1 12.6 A 2.2 7.7 A 1.6 59.8 B 2.9 18.3 A 2.0 13.4 A 2.0 8.5 A 1.8 65.3 B 3.0 20.1 A 2.3 10.0 A 2.1 4.7 A 1.6 82.2 A 2.1 12.9 A 1.9 4.1 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.3 71.2 B 2.8 17.1 A 2.4 8.2 A 1.5 3.5 A 0.9 62.8 B 2.9 22.5 A 2.5 10.4 A 1.5 4.3 A 1.4 87.3 A 2.2 4.2 A 1.2 3.8 A 0.8 4.7 A 1.9

Prairies 67.4 C 5.1 21.8 B 4.5 9.4 B 2.9 1.4 A 1.4 64.8 C 5.1 16.9 B 4.1 10.8 B 3.2 7.5 B 2.9 65.2 C 5.0 16.4 B 3.9 10.9 B 2.7 7.5 B 3.3 64.0 B 4.9 16.2 B 3.5 10.0 B 3.0 9.7 B 3.0 73.1 B 4.7 19.8 B 4.3 6.9 B 2.6 0.2 A 0.2 89.2 B 3.0 5.7 A 1.9 2.2 A 1.1 3.0 A 2.2 84.5 B 3.4 6.0 A 1.8 7.4 B 2.7 2.1 A 1.2 74.5 B 4.2 10.4 B 2.8 9.0 A 2.4 6.1 B 2.7 92.4 B 2.8 1.2 A 0.9 0.4 A 0.4 6.0 B 2.6

Manitoba 66.3 D 8.5 15.7 C 5.6 18.0 C 7.1 0.0 A 0.0 78.0 C 6.4 11.0 B 4.3 4.7 B 2.5 6.3 B 4.0 69.4 D 8.0 9.3 B 4.6 16.1 C 5.6 5.2 B 3.7 67.5 D 8.2 16.9 C 6.2 6.5 B 3.4 9.1 B 4.5 87.7 B 5.0 7.1 B 3.6 4.1 B 3.4 1.2 A 0.9 97.3 A 2.1 0.5 A 0.5 2.3 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0 84.3 C 6.0 2.5 A 1.7 9.7 B 4.8 3.5 B 3.4 70.4 D 8.6 7.5 B 3.5 11.5 C 5.4 10.5 C 6.7 98.1 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.9 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0

Saskatchewan 66.6 E 14.0 9.0 C 6.4 24.4 E 14.2 0.0 A 0.0 55.1 E 13.7 12.9 D 8.3 0.0 A 0.0 31.9 E 14.5 52.8 E 13.5 27.7 E 11.1 0.6 A 0.4 18.9 E 14.6 60.7 E 13.8 2.7 A 1.8 6.2 C 5.7 30.4 E 14.0 67.2 E 13.8 0.8 A 0.7 31.9 E 13.9 0.0 A 0.0 69.3 E 14.4 4.4 B 4.3 7.5 C 5.9 18.8 E 14.6 62.2 E 14.0 7.0 C 5.7 24.4 E 14.2 6.4 C 6.2 62.8 E 13.9 0.8 A 0.7 16.4 D 9.2 20.1 E 14.5 69.4 E 14.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 30.6 E 14.6

Alberta 67.9 C 6.6 26.2 C 6.4 3.8 A 2.0 2.2 A 2.1 62.4 C 6.7 19.5 C 5.7 14.8 B 4.7 3.3 A 2.3 66.2 C 6.6 16.5 C 5.3 11.2 B 3.6 6.0 B 3.7 63.6 C 6.4 18.5 B 4.8 11.9 B 4.2 6.0 B 2.9 69.7 C 6.3 27.3 C 6.2 3.0 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 90.4 B 3.0 7.5 B 2.7 1.2 A 1.1 0.9 A 0.9 88.9 B 3.2 6.8 A 2.4 3.4 A 1.9 0.9 A 0.9 78.0 B 4.9 13.2 B 4.1 6.8 B 2.6 2.0 A 1.4 95.0 A 2.2 1.9 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0 3.2 A 1.8

British Columbia and Territories 70.8 C 5.0 21.4 B 4.7 7.2 A 2.2 0.6 A 0.6 67.5 C 5.1 18.7 B 4.4 6.6 A 2.1 7.3 A 2.4 70.2 B 4.9 17.9 B 4.3 6.1 A 2.1 5.8 A 2.1 65.5 B 4.8 17.0 B 3.5 11.2 B 2.9 6.3 A 2.3 61.1 C 5.6 21.9 B 4.9 10.0 B 3.0 7.0 B 4.0 77.4 B 4.9 13.5 B 3.2 5.0 B 3.3 4.1 B 2.7 70.0 C 5.3 12.7 B 3.0 10.2 B 4.8 7.0 B 3.0 65.6 C 5.5 19.8 B 4.4 9.1 B 3.7 5.5 A 2.1 85.7 B 5.0 0.5 A 0.4 7.3 B 4.6 6.4 A 2.3

St. John's 67.7 F 22.6 32.3 F 22.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 67.7 F 22.6 23.2 F 21.3 9.2 C 6.7 0.0 A 0.0 67.7 F 22.6 32.3 F 22.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 76.8 F 21.3 23.2 F 21.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 90.8 C 6.7 9.2 C 6.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 67.7 F 22.6 32.3 F 22.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Halifax 93.3 C 5.2 6.7 C 5.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 73.9 E 14.1 10.5 C 6.6 8.0 D 7.6 7.5 D 7.9 75.4 E 13.9 7.7 C 5.5 16.9 E 11.9 0.0 A 0.0 76.2 E 12.9 8.7 C 6.9 11.8 D 8.7 3.2 B 3.0 82.0 E 10.9 6.7 C 5.2 11.3 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 75.1 E 14.3 21.7 E 13.5 3.2 B 3.0 0.0 A 0.0 63.3 F 17.9 3.8 B 3.5 24.0 E 13.7 8.8 D 8.8 66.9 F 16.6 13.0 D 8.3 11.3 D 8.8 8.8 D 8.8 90.4 C 7.0 3.8 B 3.5 5.3 C 5.6 0.5 A 0.6

Quebec 43.8 F 17.3 25.8 F 16.3 0.0 A 0.0 30.4 F 17.5 65.4 F 17.0 21.9 F 16.1 12.6 D 9.0 0.0 A 0.0 44.2 F 17.8 23.8 F 15.2 5.7 C 5.3 26.3 F 16.7 58.6 F 17.0 30.4 F 16.1 11.0 C 7.3 0.0 A 0.0 81.7 E 10.1 13.9 D 9.2 2.7 B 2.8 1.7 A 1.7 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 77.4 F 17.3 0.0 A 0.0 22.6 F 17.3 0.0 A 0.0 94.9 B 3.5 5.1 B 3.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 94.2 B 4.9 4.6 B 4.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 1.3

Montreal 79.0 C 5.3 12.5 B 4.3 8.5 B 3.4 0.0 A 0.0 63.0 C 7.2 19.9 C 6.2 11.6 B 3.9 5.4 A 2.2 67.1 C 6.4 18.4 B 4.9 13.3 B 4.3 1.2 A 0.8 64.6 C 6.4 18.8 B 4.7 11.9 B 3.3 4.6 B 2.6 65.4 C 6.5 19.6 B 5.0 13.4 B 4.0 1.6 A 1.2 82.9 B 4.5 11.6 B 3.5 4.6 B 2.9 0.9 A 0.7 67.6 C 6.4 20.6 C 5.5 5.9 A 2.3 5.9 B 2.9 63.0 C 6.7 16.2 B 4.8 14.7 B 4.6 6.1 A 2.3 84.6 C 7.3 0.5 A 0.3 10.8 C 7.3 4.1 A 2.3

Ottawa-Gatineau 82.5 C 6.2 8.9 B 4.1 8.6 B 4.8 0.0 A 0.0 77.3 C 7.0 11.5 B 4.5 11.0 C 5.3 0.2 A 0.2 78.3 D 7.8 13.9 C 7.0 7.9 B 4.6 0.0 A 0.0 83.6 C 6.0 10.9 C 5.2 4.1 B 2.6 1.5 A 1.5 73.1 D 8.2 18.8 C 6.5 6.0 C 5.7 2.1 A 1.6 86.4 C 5.5 11.3 C 5.2 1.7 A 1.7 0.6 A 0.6 64.5 D 10.0 30.9 E 10.1 1.7 A 1.0 2.9 B 2.9 63.6 E 10.1 31.5 E 10.1 4.3 B 2.9 0.6 A 0.6 94.9 B 3.3 4.1 B 3.2 0.8 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.2

Toronto 68.8 B 4.0 20.6 B 3.2 5.4 A 1.7 5.2 B 2.6 58.1 B 4.2 22.6 B 3.8 10.8 A 2.1 8.5 A 2.4 61.5 B 4.2 18.0 B 2.9 13.1 B 3.3 7.4 A 2.1 60.9 B 4.1 15.1 B 2.6 15.9 B 3.2 8.1 A 2.2 65.4 B 4.4 18.4 B 3.2 11.0 B 3.3 5.2 B 2.5 84.7 B 2.6 10.6 A 2.2 3.9 A 1.4 0.9 A 0.4 71.8 B 4.0 15.0 B 3.5 10.3 A 2.4 2.9 A 1.1 64.4 B 4.0 20.5 B 3.3 9.4 A 2.1 5.7 A 2.4 85.7 B 3.5 3.8 A 1.6 3.4 A 1.0 7.0 B 3.1

Kingston 69.9 E 11.6 25.0 E 11.2 5.1 B 3.0 0.0 A 0.0 36.5 E 11.4 55.0 E 12.6 4.1 B 2.9 4.4 B 4.2 48.0 E 13.4 19.2 E 10.5 20.7 E 13.5 12.1 C 6.5 26.4 E 10.1 59.7 E 12.1 5.6 B 3.5 8.3 C 5.7 39.6 E 11.8 47.2 E 13.9 13.3 D 9.3 0.0 A 0.0 43.5 E 12.3 43.2 E 14.3 13.3 D 9.3 0.0 A 0.0 58.1 E 13.6 16.1 D 7.8 25.8 E 13.7 0.0 A 0.0 34.6 E 10.9 55.8 E 13.1 9.6 D 8.5 0.0 A 0.0 86.3 E 12.2 13.7 E 12.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 87.0 B 4.6 8.2 B 3.3 4.8 B 2.5 0.0 A 0.0 78.3 D 9.2 7.7 B 3.2 13.5 D 8.6 0.5 A 0.5 69.0 E 12.5 10.4 B 4.3 4.6 B 2.5 16.0 E 12.5 53.1 E 14.0 16.7 D 8.8 14.5 C 7.5 15.7 E 12.5 66.4 E 13.3 18.8 E 12.4 6.0 B 2.8 8.8 D 8.3 78.6 E 12.4 17.5 E 12.4 3.9 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 85.9 C 7.0 8.8 C 6.3 3.1 A 1.8 2.2 A 2.1 80.4 D 8.1 11.2 C 6.8 5.2 B 2.7 3.2 A 2.3 96.4 A 1.9 0.8 A 0.8 0.1 A 0.1 2.6 A 1.6

St. Catharines-Niagara 61.9 E 12.7 30.9 E 12.5 6.3 B 3.9 0.9 A 0.7 65.4 E 11.7 5.9 A 2.2 28.6 E 11.2 0.1 A 0.0 60.7 E 13.2 10.3 C 7.4 15.8 D 8.1 13.2 E 11.2 61.9 E 12.3 29.2 E 11.5 5.0 B 4.1 3.9 A 2.5 71.8 E 10.4 18.6 D 8.3 7.4 C 6.1 2.2 A 2.2 85.7 D 7.5 7.3 B 4.4 7.0 C 6.1 0.0 A 0.0 77.1 D 9.9 13.4 D 7.7 6.8 C 6.1 2.7 A 2.3 71.3 E 10.7 13.8 D 7.8 11.0 C 7.0 3.9 B 2.5 79.5 D 9.7 4.1 B 4.0 6.8 C 6.5 9.7 C 6.8

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 52.5 E 13.0 31.1 E 14.3 13.0 C 7.2 3.4 B 3.4 28.5 D 9.8 36.3 E 12.0 31.7 E 14.0 3.5 B 3.4 60.0 E 11.2 16.2 C 7.3 20.4 D 8.3 3.5 B 3.4 61.0 E 11.5 12.5 C 5.2 19.2 D 8.9 7.3 C 6.2 52.9 E 12.3 31.5 D 10.0 15.6 D 7.8 0.0 A 0.0 75.3 D 9.6 17.6 D 8.4 7.1 B 4.7 0.0 A 0.0 40.2 E 11.8 20.0 D 8.6 12.2 C 5.9 27.6 E 14.8 31.7 E 11.2 34.2 E 10.9 27.0 E 14.3 7.1 B 5.0 83.0 D 8.2 3.4 B 3.3 13.1 D 7.6 0.6 A 0.5

London 88.4 D 7.8 4.3 B 2.7 7.3 C 7.1 0.0 A 0.0 80.4 D 9.7 1.9 A 0.9 17.8 D 9.4 0.0 A 0.0 53.6 F 16.0 26.7 F 17.5 14.5 D 8.8 5.2 B 3.7 70.8 E 11.5 17.9 D 7.5 10.4 D 7.8 0.9 A 0.8 67.0 E 13.3 18.6 E 10.1 7.1 B 4.7 7.3 C 7.1 75.4 E 12.5 14.3 D 8.9 10.3 D 9.1 0.0 A 0.0 81.2 E 11.6 18.8 E 11.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 79.0 D 9.9 10.2 C 5.4 10.8 D 7.8 0.0 A 0.0 88.3 C 7.2 0.0 A 0.0 8.8 C 6.8 2.8 B 2.6

Windsor 47.7 E 12.6 25.2 E 10.7 17.0 D 9.2 10.1 D 9.3 44.5 E 12.2 43.2 E 13.2 1.7 A 1.6 10.6 D 9.3 47.3 E 12.6 25.1 E 10.2 8.0 D 7.6 19.6 E 10.6 34.8 E 10.9 27.6 E 12.8 11.4 D 7.9 26.2 E 11.3 46.6 E 12.2 41.8 E 12.9 3.0 B 3.0 8.5 D 7.6 70.0 E 13.3 30.0 E 13.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 78.4 D 9.6 15.6 D 8.7 0.0 A 0.0 6.0 C 5.8 46.1 E 12.7 34.6 E 12.9 19.2 D 9.1 0.0 A 0.0 85.4 E 12.6 14.6 E 12.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 89.2 C 6.8 2.9 A 2.1 7.9 C 6.2 0.0 A 0.0 75.3 E 12.8 5.0 B 3.1 1.8 A 1.7 17.8 E 12.1 76.5 E 12.6 4.9 B 3.0 0.8 A 0.5 17.8 E 12.1 79.4 E 10.4 14.5 D 8.9 1.8 A 1.7 4.3 B 4.2 78.8 E 10.7 0.8 A 0.5 16.1 D 9.5 4.3 B 4.2 91.4 C 6.3 2.6 A 1.8 6.0 C 5.9 0.0 A 0.0 73.3 E 13.5 2.6 A 1.8 18.1 E 12.2 6.0 C 5.9 80.7 E 10.1 6.3 C 6.1 8.6 C 6.3 4.3 B 4.2 88.2 E 10.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 11.8 E 10.9

Winnipeg 80.2 D 8.2 7.8 B 4.4 12.0 C 6.8 0.0 A 0.0 75.5 D 9.0 8.3 B 4.5 5.4 B 3.5 10.8 C 6.8 61.4 E 11.5 14.6 D 7.5 15.1 C 6.4 8.9 C 6.3 67.4 E 10.8 13.9 C 7.1 5.8 B 3.9 12.9 C 7.1 86.9 C 7.0 4.1 B 3.5 7.0 C 5.8 2.0 A 1.6 95.3 B 3.6 0.8 A 0.9 3.9 B 3.5 0.0 A 0.0 81.2 D 9.0 1.0 A 0.9 11.8 C 7.1 6.0 C 5.7 75.6 D 9.7 7.3 B 4.2 17.1 D 8.7 0.0 A 0.0 96.7 B 3.4 0.0 A 0.0 3.3 B 3.4 0.0 A 0.0

Calgary 83.5 C 6.1 14.1 C 5.6 2.5 A 2.5 0.0 A 0.0 69.3 D 9.4 13.0 C 5.3 15.1 D 8.2 2.6 A 2.2 80.2 C 6.6 8.3 B 3.8 11.5 C 5.3 0.0 A 0.0 77.1 C 7.2 14.0 C 5.6 4.6 B 3.3 4.3 B 3.2 81.5 C 6.5 11.6 C 5.2 6.9 B 3.9 0.0 A 0.0 89.3 B 4.8 6.0 B 3.8 2.8 A 2.5 2.0 A 2.1 91.3 B 4.3 6.1 B 3.6 0.4 A 0.4 2.1 A 2.1 77.7 C 7.1 14.6 C 5.9 3.1 A 2.1 4.6 B 3.3 94.8 B 3.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.2 B 3.5

Edmonton 72.4 E 11.4 21.2 E 10.4 6.4 B 4.7 0.0 A 0.0 66.6 E 12.5 12.5 D 7.6 21.0 E 10.3 0.0 A 0.0 70.7 E 11.9 16.0 D 9.5 9.5 C 6.6 3.9 B 3.9 60.6 E 13.3 20.3 E 10.1 15.3 D 8.7 3.9 B 3.9 55.5 E 14.6 44.5 E 14.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 92.7 C 5.2 7.3 C 5.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 86.7 C 6.9 13.3 C 6.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 76.9 D 9.8 12.6 C 7.3 10.5 C 6.8 0.0 A 0.0 91.4 C 6.2 8.6 C 6.2 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Vancouver 69.9 C 6.5 25.6 C 6.3 4.6 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0 65.8 C 6.7 21.4 C 5.9 6.1 A 2.3 6.7 B 3.0 70.2 C 6.4 20.2 C 5.8 4.8 A 2.1 4.8 B 2.7 68.7 C 5.8 15.0 B 3.9 11.3 B 3.6 5.0 B 2.6 62.2 C 7.2 24.1 C 6.3 8.3 B 3.2 5.4 B 4.7 81.0 C 5.7 12.5 B 3.6 6.5 B 4.8 0.0 A 0.0 72.3 C 6.9 11.4 B 3.6 11.2 C 6.5 5.1 A 2.2 66.9 C 6.8 16.6 B 4.5 10.0 C 5.1 6.5 B 2.8 82.8 C 6.8 0.0 A 0.0 10.7 C 6.5 6.5 B 2.9

Victoria 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 97.5 A 2.2 0.9 A 1.0 1.6 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 98.4 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.6 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 87.4 D 8.9 7.1 C 6.2 0.0 A 0.0 5.5 C 5.8 82.1 F 15.8 0.0 A 0.0 17.9 F 15.8 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 82.1 F 15.8 17.9 F 15.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 80.5 F 15.9 1.6 A 1.7 17.9 F 15.8 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

54.5 C 7.0 23.6 C 5.5 18.3 C 6.6 3.6 B 3.0 55.7 C 7.0 19.2 B 4.6 11.8 B 4.0 13.3 C 6.8 58.4 C 7.0 16.4 B 4.4 9.1 B 3.0 16.1 C 6.9 47.1 C 6.9 16.9 B 4.5 10.1 B 3.5 25.9 C 6.9 63.8 C 7.1 19.5 C 5.2 16.4 C 6.5 0.3 A 0.2 74.7 C 7.0 14.9 B 4.6 0.7 A 0.5 9.8 C 6.4 71.4 C 6.7 9.8 B 3.1 18.2 C 6.6 0.5 A 0.3 59.0 C 7.0 7.7 B 3.3 18.5 C 5.1 14.8 C 6.3 82.2 C 6.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.4 A 0.7 16.4 C 6.8

70.0 E 12.1 11.5 D 8.4 17.1 D 9.7 1.4 A 1.3 64.1 E 13.4 20.5 E 12.4 15.3 D 9.3 0.1 A 0.1 63.6 E 13.3 22.9 E 11.7 12.1 D 8.9 1.4 A 1.3 62.0 E 13.7 25.2 E 12.7 11.5 D 8.9 1.3 A 1.3 78.3 E 11.3 9.5 D 7.9 12.1 D 8.9 0.1 A 0.1 93.8 B 4.3 4.9 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 1.3 99.1 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 87.7 D 8.9 11.8 D 8.9 0.5 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

70.6 B 3.1 20.6 B 2.8 7.5 A 1.7 1.2 A 0.5 54.3 B 3.4 25.4 B 2.8 15.1 A 2.4 5.3 A 1.6 46.6 B 3.5 26.9 B 3.0 18.9 B 2.8 7.5 A 1.6 43.0 B 3.6 23.7 B 2.7 27.2 B 3.4 6.1 A 1.4 60.1 B 3.5 22.4 B 3.0 13.8 A 2.3 3.8 A 1.7 78.4 B 2.8 16.2 B 2.5 4.8 A 1.4 0.6 A 0.4 65.9 B 3.4 22.3 B 3.1 6.9 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.4 58.3 B 3.4 24.7 B 3.1 10.9 A 1.9 6.2 A 1.4 91.0 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.9 3.5 A 1.1 3.1 A 0.9

64.7 B 4.4 18.1 B 3.1 16.8 B 3.8 0.5 A 0.3 51.7 B 4.6 19.9 B 3.9 18.3 B 3.8 10.1 B 2.8 45.7 B 4.6 29.1 B 4.4 19.4 B 3.8 5.7 A 1.8 43.6 B 4.6 25.4 B 3.8 18.1 B 3.9 12.9 B 3.1 52.9 B 4.6 29.7 B 4.2 14.0 B 3.5 3.3 A 1.3 78.0 B 3.9 16.7 B 3.6 3.3 A 1.3 2.1 A 1.1 63.6 B 4.6 17.2 B 3.5 14.8 B 3.8 4.4 A 1.9 45.1 B 4.4 31.0 B 4.4 15.5 B 3.5 8.4 B 2.5 83.8 B 3.5 3.1 A 1.2 6.5 A 2.3 6.6 B 2.5

82.7 C 5.5 10.9 B 4.2 0.4 A 0.4 6.0 B 3.5 60.7 D 8.8 27.4 D 8.5 2.7 B 2.5 9.2 B 4.4 67.0 D 7.6 13.9 B 4.9 5.6 B 3.4 13.4 C 5.7 62.7 D 7.9 9.8 B 4.4 6.2 B 3.0 21.4 C 6.6 73.6 C 7.3 22.0 C 6.9 1.9 A 1.8 2.6 B 2.5 93.3 B 4.4 6.6 B 4.4 0.1 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 91.4 B 4.1 2.8 A 1.9 0.0 A 0.0 5.8 B 3.6 87.7 B 4.6 8.5 B 3.9 3.9 B 2.5 0.0 A 0.0 93.0 B 3.8 2.2 A 1.9 2.9 B 2.9 1.9 A 1.8

59.6 C 5.7 19.7 B 4.4 10.3 B 3.9 10.5 B 4.1 57.1 C 5.7 20.0 B 4.3 14.1 B 4.4 8.7 B 3.3 51.5 C 5.7 22.3 B 4.5 14.7 B 4.2 11.5 B 3.3 57.1 C 5.6 25.1 B 4.9 13.8 B 3.8 4.0 A 1.6 75.0 B 4.2 19.6 B 3.9 2.9 A 1.2 2.6 A 1.2 84.1 B 4.5 8.5 B 2.5 7.4 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 75.1 C 5.0 13.1 B 4.2 11.4 B 3.6 0.3 A 0.3 64.5 C 5.4 15.2 B 3.6 15.2 B 4.3 5.1 A 2.4 97.9 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 1.6 A 0.9

74.6 B 4.1 18.2 B 3.5 4.7 A 1.7 2.5 A 2.3 71.6 B 4.1 17.7 B 3.7 6.9 A 1.9 3.9 A 1.5 77.3 B 4.2 11.3 B 3.0 9.1 B 3.2 2.3 A 1.2 76.0 B 3.8 13.2 B 2.6 8.4 B 2.9 2.5 A 1.4 69.7 B 4.5 13.9 B 3.6 10.4 B 2.7 6.1 B 3.0 83.4 B 3.2 10.7 A 2.5 2.5 A 1.0 3.4 A 1.9 64.8 B 4.5 18.7 B 3.5 9.5 B 3.0 7.0 A 2.5 58.4 B 4.8 24.7 B 4.3 11.3 B 2.7 5.6 B 2.6 92.1 B 2.8 1.0 A 0.5 4.7 B 2.5 2.2 A 1.1

87.5 B 4.2 7.7 B 3.6 3.3 A 1.9 1.5 A 1.5 88.0 B 4.1 10.1 B 3.9 1.9 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 87.8 B 4.1 7.9 B 3.6 2.8 A 1.6 1.5 A 1.5 88.8 B 4.0 5.7 B 3.2 5.5 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 83.1 C 5.1 8.5 B 3.7 4.3 A 2.1 4.1 B 2.9 91.0 B 3.7 7.3 B 3.5 1.7 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 90.1 B 3.8 7.9 B 3.6 1.7 A 1.3 0.2 A 0.2 87.4 B 4.2 9.4 B 3.8 3.3 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 93.7 B 2.6 3.8 A 2.0 1.7 A 1.3 0.8 A 0.8

51.8 D 9.4 34.0 D 9.2 9.5 C 6.6 4.7 B 4.2 47.8 D 9.4 10.3 C 5.7 24.5 D 8.0 17.4 D 8.4 53.0 D 9.4 23.2 D 8.2 13.5 C 7.0 10.3 C 6.2 45.1 D 9.3 19.8 C 7.5 10.9 C 5.1 24.3 D 9.2 47.5 D 9.4 40.6 D 9.5 6.2 B 3.8 5.8 B 4.0 79.1 D 8.2 20.4 D 8.2 0.6 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 65.6 D 9.0 20.6 D 7.9 6.4 B 4.1 7.4 B 4.8 67.2 D 9.0 15.1 C 5.8 7.6 C 6.5 10.1 C 5.6 85.9 C 6.6 1.9 A 1.5 2.4 A 2.4 9.7 C 6.2

79.0 C 6.1 20.2 C 6.1 0.7 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 75.0 C 6.4 17.2 C 5.7 5.9 B 2.5 1.8 A 1.8 82.5 C 5.7 9.3 B 4.6 2.8 A 2.1 5.4 B 3.0 83.9 B 4.8 13.1 B 4.4 0.9 A 0.5 2.1 A 1.9 71.0 C 7.3 15.4 B 4.7 9.5 C 5.3 4.1 B 3.9 83.1 C 5.5 9.1 B 3.4 7.8 B 4.4 0.1 A 0.1 79.2 C 7.0 9.4 C 5.4 7.7 B 4.4 3.7 B 2.9 82.6 C 5.5 9.9 B 3.8 7.1 B 4.2 0.4 A 0.2 71.8 D 8.6 5.9 B 3.0 11.5 D 7.6 10.9 C 5.6

Tourism 75.7 D 9.4 20.5 D 9.3 1.2 A 0.8 2.7 A 1.9 67.4 E 10.1 25.0 D 9.7 3.0 A 1.9 4.6 B 4.0 72.5 D 9.4 13.5 D 8.4 3.1 A 1.7 10.9 C 5.5 80.7 C 7.3 11.9 C 5.9 3.1 A 1.7 4.4 B 4.0 56.6 E 11.1 18.4 C 7.2 13.3 E 10.2 11.6 D 8.4 79.3 D 9.4 10.7 C 5.7 10.0 D 8.3 0.0 A 0.0 70.5 E 11.7 18.9 E 10.5 10.5 D 8.3 0.2 A 0.1 75.8 D 9.5 13.2 C 6.0 10.7 D 8.3 0.2 A 0.2 68.8 E 11.6 4.6 B 3.9 10.0 D 8.3 16.6 E 10.5

Information and Communication 81.9 B 4.7 11.9 B 4.3 3.8 A 1.9 2.3 A 1.2 66.4 C 5.8 21.5 C 5.0 8.5 B 3.9 3.7 A 1.8 73.9 C 5.6 16.8 B 4.7 3.9 A 1.8 5.4 B 3.7 77.3 C 5.4 8.7 B 2.6 6.7 B 3.9 7.2 B 3.8 54.6 C 6.1 31.4 C 6.1 11.3 B 4.3 2.6 A 1.3 73.0 C 5.7 11.8 B 3.3 15.2 C 5.3 0.0 A 0.0 75.1 C 5.0 4.0 A 2.0 8.4 B 2.7 12.5 B 4.2 62.7 C 5.9 13.1 B 3.5 12.3 B 4.3 11.8 B 4.4 90.5 B 2.8 2.6 A 1.6 3.7 A 1.9 3.3 A 1.4

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 77.4 C 7.1 20.3 C 6.8 2.1 A 1.5 0.2 A 0.2 76.1 C 6.5 11.7 B 4.3 7.7 B 3.2 4.6 A 2.2 71.9 D 7.8 16.1 C 5.8 10.2 B 4.5 1.7 A 1.5 65.9 D 8.7 18.3 C 6.0 10.6 B 4.2 5.2 B 4.3 64.3 D 9.6 28.9 D 9.2 5.3 B 2.9 1.5 A 0.8 84.7 C 5.7 11.5 C 5.0 3.5 B 2.6 0.4 A 0.3 68.1 D 9.5 18.9 C 6.7 12.3 D 7.8 0.7 A 0.5 65.1 D 9.0 27.3 D 8.1 6.1 B 3.2 1.6 A 0.9 73.0 E 12.3 0.8 A 0.6 24.1 E 12.5 2.1 A 1.3

Rural 62.0 B 4.7 24.9 B 4.2 9.8 B 2.7 3.4 A 1.4 59.1 B 4.8 19.5 B 4.0 15.8 B 3.5 5.6 A 2.1 54.1 B 4.9 20.9 B 3.9 15.9 B 3.5 9.1 B 2.5 52.7 B 4.9 20.1 B 3.7 16.2 B 3.4 11.1 B 3.1 63.7 B 4.7 20.4 B 3.9 10.7 B 3.0 5.2 A 2.4 82.4 B 3.5 13.0 B 2.9 2.9 A 1.6 1.7 A 1.5 72.4 B 4.3 14.2 B 3.2 10.6 B 3.0 2.8 A 1.7 65.1 B 4.5 19.2 B 3.9 10.6 A 2.5 5.1 A 1.9 92.0 A 2.2 1.9 A 0.9 1.5 A 0.9 4.6 A 1.8

Urban 73.7 A 2.0 17.2 A 1.7 6.4 A 0.9 2.7 A 0.9 64.6 A 2.3 20.1 A 2.0 9.3 A 1.1 6.0 A 1.0 66.5 A 2.2 17.0 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.3 6.3 A 1.1 65.0 A 2.1 16.9 A 1.5 11.1 A 1.3 6.9 A 1.1 67.9 A 2.2 19.0 A 1.8 9.3 A 1.4 3.7 A 1.2 83.2 A 1.7 11.3 A 1.3 3.9 A 1.0 1.6 A 0.6 72.9 A 2.1 14.5 A 1.6 7.8 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.0 66.4 A 2.2 18.7 A 1.7 10.1 A 1.3 4.7 A 0.9 87.8 A 2.0 2.3 A 0.6 5.2 A 1.6 4.7 A 1.2

Exporter 71.9 A 1.9 18.4 A 1.6 6.9 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.8 63.7 A 2.1 20.0 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.1 6.0 A 0.9 64.6 A 2.0 17.6 A 1.5 11.1 A 1.3 6.7 A 1.0 63.1 A 2.0 17.4 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.2 7.6 A 1.0 67.2 A 2.0 19.3 A 1.6 9.5 A 1.3 4.0 A 1.1 83.1 A 1.5 11.6 A 1.2 3.7 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.6 72.8 A 1.9 14.5 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.2 4.5 A 0.9 66.2 A 2.0 18.8 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.2 4.7 A 0.9 88.4 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.5 4.7 A 1.4 4.6 A 1.0

Non-exporter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 60.9 C 6.2 29.6 C 6.0 7.3 B 2.5 2.2 A 1.1 62.8 C 6.0 22.1 C 5.6 10.0 B 2.7 5.1 A 2.1 62.0 C 6.1 21.9 C 5.4 6.0 A 1.8 10.1 B 3.9 59.7 C 6.0 20.6 B 4.4 9.3 B 2.7 10.4 B 4.2 59.9 C 6.4 22.4 C 5.1 8.9 B 2.8 8.8 C 5.1 67.0 C 6.4 20.1 B 4.9 7.3 B 4.4 5.7 B 3.5 65.9 C 6.1 9.0 B 3.1 15.8 C 5.0 9.2 B 3.9 60.3 C 6.2 18.7 B 4.8 11.0 B 4.6 10.0 B 3.2 87.1 B 4.8 2.6 A 1.8 6.4 B 4.3 3.9 A 1.9

73.6 B 4.8 17.1 B 3.8 8.5 B 3.1 0.8 A 0.4 59.3 C 6.0 22.9 B 4.7 12.6 B 3.6 5.1 A 2.2 64.2 C 5.5 16.5 B 3.6 15.2 B 3.9 4.1 A 1.8 63.1 C 5.6 19.7 B 4.4 8.6 A 2.2 8.6 B 2.7 60.0 C 6.3 21.2 B 4.6 16.3 C 5.6 2.4 A 1.3 76.2 B 4.8 12.0 B 3.3 9.7 B 3.6 2.1 A 1.1 64.1 C 6.2 24.6 C 6.0 7.5 B 2.6 3.8 A 2.2 66.5 C 5.5 18.7 B 4.3 12.7 B 3.5 2.1 A 0.9 86.6 C 5.5 0.8 A 0.5 3.3 A 2.2 9.3 C 5.2

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 73.6 B 2.5 16.2 A 2.0 7.5 A 1.5 2.8 A 1.0 63.4 B 2.9 19.5 A 2.3 11.5 A 1.7 5.6 A 1.5 63.1 B 2.9 17.8 A 2.1 12.4 A 1.9 6.6 A 1.4 59.4 B 3.0 18.2 A 2.1 14.4 A 2.0 8.0 A 1.6 61.3 B 3.1 23.8 B 2.8 11.0 A 1.9 3.9 A 1.2 84.8 A 1.8 12.7 A 1.7 2.1 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.2 74.4 B 2.7 15.5 A 2.0 7.5 A 2.1 2.6 A 0.8 63.1 B 3.0 22.3 B 2.6 11.9 A 2.0 2.6 A 0.7 88.9 A 2.3 3.1 A 1.1 4.5 A 1.8 3.5 A 1.2

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 79.1 B 4.8 15.2 B 4.5 5.1 A 1.8 0.6 A 0.6 73.5 C 5.3 13.8 B 4.2 7.9 B 2.5 4.8 A 2.0 70.6 C 5.5 15.6 B 4.3 8.2 A 2.2 5.5 A 2.4 74.6 B 4.6 11.9 B 3.0 9.8 B 2.6 3.7 A 1.8 88.6 B 2.7 8.3 A 2.4 2.8 A 1.1 0.2 A 0.2 93.5 A 2.0 3.4 A 1.2 1.8 A 0.9 1.2 A 1.2 84.9 B 4.4 10.1 B 4.0 3.1 A 1.2 1.8 A 1.3 80.6 B 4.4 11.8 B 3.9 4.3 A 1.4 3.4 A 1.4 86.2 C 6.7 2.1 A 1.0 8.4 C 6.8 3.4 A 1.6

68.6 C 6.1 21.6 C 5.4 7.8 B 3.6 2.0 A 1.9 70.3 C 5.6 11.3 B 3.2 9.4 B 3.7 9.1 B 3.7 71.8 C 5.2 12.2 B 3.5 6.7 A 2.3 9.3 B 3.6 66.6 C 5.8 19.7 B 4.8 7.3 B 3.0 6.3 B 2.5 74.9 C 5.4 16.9 B 5.0 6.0 A 2.2 2.2 A 1.4 85.5 B 3.9 11.0 B 3.5 1.6 A 0.9 1.9 A 1.4 63.1 C 6.7 10.9 B 4.0 11.9 B 4.1 14.1 C 6.0 63.7 C 6.1 17.8 B 4.6 11.1 B 3.8 7.5 B 3.4 90.3 B 3.2 1.5 A 0.8 3.0 A 1.4 5.3 B 2.8

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 70.4 C 7.1 12.8 B 3.8 4.6 A 2.1 12.2 C 6.7 58.1 C 7.5 23.4 C 7.2 9.2 B 3.6 9.3 B 4.2 58.7 D 7.6 17.8 B 4.9 16.3 D 7.6 7.2 B 3.9 59.3 C 7.3 15.2 B 4.3 16.5 C 6.5 9.0 B 3.7 72.1 C 6.7 14.8 B 4.2 5.1 A 2.3 8.0 C 5.9 90.6 B 3.1 7.3 B 2.9 1.8 A 1.0 0.3 A 0.2 77.6 B 4.9 11.2 B 3.6 7.9 B 2.5 3.3 A 2.0 63.6 C 6.9 17.7 B 4.5 7.9 A 2.5 10.7 C 6.0 92.1 B 2.7 2.2 A 1.4 1.8 A 1.1 3.9 A 2.0

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 76.5 B 3.3 17.6 B 2.9 4.8 A 1.6 1.0 A 0.6 66.0 B 3.9 20.6 B 3.5 8.0 A 1.9 5.4 A 1.5 72.5 B 3.3 15.6 B 2.7 8.0 A 1.9 3.9 A 1.1 68.5 B 3.5 14.6 A 2.5 9.7 A 1.9 7.2 A 1.9 66.5 B 3.8 21.7 B 3.5 7.0 A 1.7 4.7 A 1.8 83.2 B 2.9 11.3 A 2.2 3.2 A 1.4 2.3 A 1.4 69.4 B 3.8 15.6 B 2.9 7.7 A 2.4 7.3 A 2.3 67.7 B 3.8 20.1 B 3.3 9.0 A 1.9 3.2 A 1.1 90.4 B 2.6 2.4 A 1.0 4.0 A 2.1 3.3 A 1.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 71.3 B 3.7 21.2 B 3.6 5.3 A 1.4 2.2 A 1.0 59.8 B 4.1 22.8 B 3.7 11.2 A 2.3 6.1 A 2.0 57.5 B 4.1 21.5 B 3.5 11.3 A 2.4 9.6 B 2.7 59.1 B 4.0 21.1 B 3.3 11.1 A 2.4 8.7 A 2.5 66.0 B 4.0 20.0 B 3.3 9.9 A 2.2 4.1 B 2.6 76.1 B 3.8 16.7 B 3.1 5.9 B 2.7 1.3 A 0.6 74.0 B 3.7 12.9 A 2.5 8.8 B 3.0 4.4 A 1.5 60.5 B 4.0 21.3 B 3.3 13.2 B 3.3 5.0 A 1.6 88.0 B 3.2 3.5 A 1.6 4.9 B 2.6 3.6 A 1.5

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 68.4 B 3.0 18.7 A 2.4 10.5 A 1.8 2.5 A 1.0 65.6 B 3.0 16.6 A 2.0 12.3 A 1.7 5.5 A 1.4 63.4 B 3.1 16.9 A 2.1 12.4 A 1.7 7.3 A 1.7 61.7 B 3.2 18.2 A 2.1 13.3 A 1.9 6.8 A 1.4 67.5 B 3.3 17.6 A 2.1 12.9 B 2.7 2.1 A 0.8 85.7 A 1.8 9.6 A 1.4 3.3 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.7 74.1 B 3.0 15.3 B 2.7 8.5 A 1.7 2.1 A 0.7 69.4 B 2.9 16.2 A 2.2 10.0 A 1.7 4.4 A 1.0 85.8 B 3.6 1.4 A 0.4 5.9 B 3.0 6.8 A 2.4

70.9 B 3.3 18.8 B 2.7 8.3 A 1.9 2.0 A 1.0 59.8 B 3.7 20.4 B 2.9 11.6 A 2.1 8.1 A 1.8 63.0 B 3.6 18.3 B 2.7 11.3 A 2.1 7.4 A 1.9 58.5 B 3.7 19.9 B 2.7 12.2 A 1.9 9.4 A 2.1 60.1 B 3.9 21.9 B 3.1 12.0 B 2.7 6.0 A 2.3 74.7 B 3.3 15.9 A 2.4 5.7 A 2.1 3.8 A 1.5 63.2 B 3.8 18.4 B 3.0 10.8 B 2.8 7.6 A 2.0 57.7 B 3.8 23.1 B 3.0 14.0 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.4 81.6 B 3.5 3.7 A 1.2 7.4 B 2.6 7.3 A 2.4

66.4 B 3.8 24.4 B 3.6 6.1 A 1.5 3.1 A 1.2 54.7 B 4.1 26.4 B 3.7 11.9 A 2.0 6.9 A 2.0 58.4 B 4.0 23.6 B 3.5 8.6 A 1.8 9.4 A 2.5 56.4 B 4.0 23.6 B 3.2 12.3 A 2.2 7.6 A 2.1 57.8 B 4.1 25.4 B 3.8 11.4 A 2.2 5.4 B 2.9 70.1 B 4.0 21.3 B 3.2 5.0 A 2.5 3.6 A 2.0 61.9 B 4.1 19.8 B 3.0 11.0 B 3.5 7.3 A 2.4 52.9 B 4.2 29.4 B 3.8 13.1 B 3.0 4.6 A 1.2 82.4 B 3.8 3.8 A 1.5 8.9 B 3.5 4.8 A 1.4

69.9 B 4.3 20.3 B 3.7 7.7 A 2.3 2.1 A 1.3 61.4 B 4.6 20.5 B 3.8 11.6 B 2.6 6.5 A 2.2 59.6 B 4.7 20.9 B 3.8 11.9 B 2.7 7.6 A 2.5 59.5 B 4.6 20.1 B 3.5 10.5 A 2.2 9.9 B 2.7 55.9 B 4.9 24.3 B 4.3 14.4 B 3.7 5.5 B 3.1 75.0 B 4.4 15.1 B 3.1 7.0 B 3.1 2.9 A 1.9 59.3 B 4.9 22.3 B 4.3 12.5 B 3.8 5.9 A 2.3 55.8 B 4.9 22.6 B 3.9 17.6 B 3.6 4.0 A 1.4 80.7 B 4.7 4.3 A 1.6 9.4 B 3.7 5.6 B 3.2

68.1 B 4.0 21.4 B 3.4 8.6 A 2.4 2.0 A 0.8 56.3 B 4.6 23.1 B 3.8 13.1 B 2.8 7.5 A 2.1 61.0 B 4.4 17.2 B 3.1 11.2 B 2.6 10.6 B 2.9 55.8 B 4.6 23.9 B 3.6 10.1 A 2.1 10.2 B 2.8 57.2 B 4.7 27.8 B 4.0 10.9 B 3.6 4.0 A 1.5 75.8 B 3.7 17.7 B 3.2 5.1 A 1.9 1.4 A 0.6 65.3 B 4.5 20.5 B 4.1 7.1 A 1.7 7.1 A 2.1 57.6 B 4.5 22.6 B 3.5 13.5 B 2.8 6.4 A 1.6 84.8 B 3.8 3.5 A 1.4 3.5 A 1.5 8.2 B 3.5

70.3 B 2.6 20.0 A 2.3 7.3 A 1.4 2.4 A 0.8 59.6 B 2.9 22.6 A 2.5 10.6 A 1.5 7.2 A 1.4 61.8 B 2.9 18.9 A 2.2 10.9 A 1.6 8.4 A 1.6 58.8 B 2.9 20.2 A 2.2 12.8 A 1.6 8.2 A 1.5 61.2 B 3.0 22.4 A 2.5 11.6 A 2.0 4.7 A 1.6 78.6 A 2.4 14.1 A 1.8 4.7 A 1.5 2.5 A 1.0 66.7 B 2.9 17.6 A 2.3 9.6 A 2.0 6.1 A 1.4 60.1 B 2.9 21.9 A 2.4 12.5 A 1.9 5.5 A 1.1 84.3 B 2.5 3.7 A 1.0 5.8 A 1.8 6.2 A 1.7

73.5 B 2.7 16.7 A 2.2 6.4 A 1.2 3.4 A 1.5 69.2 B 2.8 16.1 A 2.3 9.8 A 1.5 4.9 A 1.2 67.2 B 2.9 16.3 A 2.1 11.4 A 2.1 5.2 A 1.1 67.0 B 2.8 14.5 A 1.8 11.3 A 1.9 7.3 A 1.5 73.3 B 2.8 15.9 A 2.2 7.6 A 1.5 3.3 A 1.4 87.8 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.5 2.7 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 78.8 A 2.5 11.3 A 1.9 7.0 A 1.4 2.9 A 1.1 72.2 B 2.8 16.0 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.4 4.1 A 1.4 92.7 A 2.4 0.6 A 0.2 3.5 A 2.3 3.2 A 1.0

Holds IP 70.6 B 2.7 20.3 A 2.3 7.1 A 1.3 2.0 A 1.1 64.1 B 2.7 20.0 A 2.2 11.9 A 1.5 4.0 A 0.9 62.4 B 2.8 19.9 A 2.2 12.6 A 1.9 5.1 A 1.1 60.8 B 2.8 19.0 A 2.0 13.1 A 1.8 7.1 A 1.4 60.1 B 3.1 21.0 A 2.5 12.9 A 2.1 6.0 A 1.9 79.7 A 2.3 13.6 A 1.7 4.8 A 1.4 2.0 A 0.9 67.5 B 2.9 17.6 A 2.3 9.4 A 1.9 5.5 A 1.4 60.6 B 3.0 21.8 A 2.4 12.4 A 1.9 5.2 A 1.3 87.7 A 2.3 2.2 A 0.7 5.7 A 1.7 4.4 A 1.5

Holds Formal IP 70.5 B 3.6 17.9 B 2.7 8.0 A 1.9 3.5 A 2.4 60.9 B 3.8 22.4 B 3.1 11.9 A 2.0 4.7 A 1.4 55.0 B 4.1 20.5 B 2.8 17.6 B 3.2 6.9 A 2.2 54.0 B 4.1 21.0 B 2.9 16.9 B 3.1 8.1 A 2.4 51.0 B 4.2 25.5 B 3.8 19.0 B 3.8 4.6 A 2.4 78.1 B 3.0 16.4 B 2.8 4.7 A 1.3 0.9 A 0.4 65.1 B 4.2 19.1 B 3.5 9.8 B 2.8 6.0 A 1.9 54.9 B 4.1 26.7 B 3.4 12.4 A 2.4 6.0 A 2.4 82.4 B 4.0 2.8 A 1.2 7.7 B 2.9 7.1 B 3.1

No IP 73.2 B 2.7 16.2 A 2.2 6.6 A 1.2 4.0 A 1.3 64.0 B 3.1 19.0 B 2.6 8.2 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.8 66.6 B 3.0 15.0 A 2.1 9.3 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.8 64.9 B 2.9 15.7 A 2.0 10.8 A 1.6 8.6 A 1.7 75.2 A 2.5 17.3 A 2.1 5.8 A 1.3 1.7 A 0.6 86.9 A 1.9 9.4 A 1.6 2.5 A 0.8 1.2 A 0.7 78.4 B 2.5 11.0 A 1.9 7.2 A 1.5 3.4 A 1.2 72.2 B 2.7 15.9 A 2.2 7.5 A 1.3 4.4 A 1.1 88.9 B 2.7 2.4 A 0.9 3.5 A 2.4 5.2 A 1.4

Not familiar with any type of IP 71.1 A 2.0 19.1 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.0 2.7 A 0.9 63.3 A 2.2 20.0 A 1.8 10.9 A 1.2 5.8 A 0.9 63.1 A 2.2 18.1 A 1.6 12.0 A 1.4 6.8 A 1.0 62.4 A 2.1 17.6 A 1.5 12.5 A 1.3 7.6 A 1.1 65.3 A 2.2 19.9 A 1.8 10.5 A 1.4 4.3 A 1.2 81.8 A 1.7 12.4 A 1.3 4.0 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.6 70.5 A 2.1 15.7 A 1.7 8.8 A 1.4 5.0 A 1.0 64.4 A 2.2 20.1 A 1.8 10.9 A 1.3 4.7 A 0.9 87.3 A 1.9 2.5 A 0.6 5.2 A 1.6 5.0 A 1.1

Familiar with at least one type of IP 77.5 C 5.2 12.9 B 4.1 4.9 A 2.2 4.7 B 2.7 70.8 C 6.1 16.0 B 4.9 4.8 A 2.0 8.4 B 3.9 73.6 C 5.5 14.3 B 4.0 4.4 A 1.9 7.7 B 3.6 64.9 C 6.4 16.7 B 4.7 8.9 B 3.3 9.5 B 3.6 79.5 B 4.8 14.9 B 4.3 3.2 A 1.7 2.3 A 1.3 92.3 B 3.0 5.4 B 2.7 2.2 A 1.2 0.1 A 0.1 88.0 B 3.6 6.1 B 2.8 5.0 A 2.1 1.0 A 0.9 76.8 B 5.0 11.8 B 3.7 5.1 A 1.9 6.2 B 2.6 95.9 B 2.6 0.6 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.6 2.8 B 2.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 65.4 C 5.1 19.5 B 4.3 14.6 B 4.1 0.6 A 0.6 47.9 C 5.1 31.1 B 5.0 19.8 B 4.3 1.2 A 0.8 54.2 C 5.2 24.4 B 4.3 18.6 B 4.3 2.7 A 1.3 46.1 C 5.1 30.1 B 4.8 19.9 B 4.3 4.0 A 2.2 47.8 C 5.1 23.7 B 3.9 24.4 C 5.0 4.1 A 2.5 68.3 B 5.0 19.5 B 4.1 10.0 B 3.8 2.3 A 1.3 57.9 C 5.2 25.9 B 4.7 10.8 B 3.6 5.5 B 2.6 48.4 C 5.1 29.4 B 4.8 18.7 B 4.4 3.5 A 2.4 83.7 B 3.5 5.3 A 2.5 5.2 A 1.9 5.7 A 2.0

<30 years old 52.4 F 18.7 39.0 F 19.3 8.7 C 6.4 0.0 A 0.0 27.0 E 14.6 48.1 F 18.6 19.4 F 15.5 5.6 C 5.5 52.2 F 18.7 25.7 F 20.0 2.8 A 2.3 19.3 E 13.5 43.1 F 17.9 4.4 B 3.5 40.2 F 19.6 12.2 D 8.2 43.1 F 17.9 41.5 F 19.4 9.8 C 6.7 5.5 C 5.6 62.2 F 19.1 31.1 F 19.6 6.7 C 5.8 0.0 A 0.0 54.5 F 18.7 25.7 F 20.0 14.3 D 8.6 5.5 C 5.6 51.4 F 18.6 26.4 F 19.9 16.6 D 9.1 5.5 C 5.6 94.4 C 5.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.6 C 5.5

30 to 39 years old 72.3 C 5.7 17.0 B 4.5 8.3 B 3.7 2.4 A 2.2 64.0 C 6.4 19.7 C 5.6 8.6 B 3.7 7.7 B 3.2 65.3 C 6.3 15.5 B 4.1 12.8 C 5.3 6.4 B 2.9 73.7 C 5.1 10.0 B 3.2 5.3 A 2.0 11.0 B 3.8 82.8 B 4.2 11.1 B 3.5 6.0 A 2.5 0.1 A 0.0 88.3 B 3.8 4.5 A 2.0 4.5 B 2.8 2.8 A 1.9 74.3 C 5.7 12.0 B 4.2 4.2 A 2.0 9.6 B 4.3 74.8 C 5.3 14.1 B 4.1 8.8 B 3.5 2.3 A 1.8 89.0 B 3.8 3.6 A 2.2 3.3 A 2.3 4.1 A 2.3

40 to 49 years old 68.1 B 4.1 24.5 B 3.8 3.5 A 1.0 3.8 A 1.5 56.2 B 4.5 27.3 B 4.4 9.7 A 2.1 6.8 A 1.9 62.5 B 4.2 21.3 B 3.6 7.7 A 1.7 8.5 A 2.4 57.6 B 4.3 22.2 B 3.3 11.6 A 2.4 8.6 A 2.4 58.1 B 4.6 21.9 B 3.6 14.3 B 3.5 5.7 B 2.5 78.6 B 3.6 14.2 B 2.9 5.7 A 2.4 1.5 A 0.8 68.2 B 4.4 16.1 B 3.6 11.9 B 3.1 3.8 A 1.5 60.8 B 4.3 21.1 B 3.5 14.0 B 3.2 4.0 A 1.3 88.0 B 3.6 2.2 A 1.0 3.5 A 2.2 6.3 B 3.0

50 to 64 years old 75.1 A 2.4 14.3 A 1.7 7.4 A 1.3 3.1 A 1.4 67.9 B 2.6 15.8 A 1.8 10.5 A 1.5 5.7 A 1.3 66.2 B 2.8 15.0 A 1.8 13.1 A 2.0 5.7 A 1.2 62.8 B 2.9 18.1 A 2.0 12.5 A 1.9 6.6 A 1.3 66.6 B 2.9 20.4 A 2.4 8.9 A 1.5 4.2 A 1.6 84.1 A 2.0 11.8 A 1.6 2.8 A 0.8 1.3 A 1.0 73.6 B 2.5 15.2 A 2.0 7.3 A 1.7 3.9 A 1.2 65.5 B 2.9 19.2 A 2.3 9.1 A 1.4 6.2 A 1.6 88.3 B 2.7 1.9 A 0.7 5.9 B 2.6 3.9 A 1.1

65+ years old 69.0 C 5.1 20.3 B 4.5 10.4 B 2.8 0.4 A 0.3 65.8 B 5.0 18.6 B 3.8 12.2 B 2.9 3.5 A 1.6 63.2 C 5.1 20.7 B 3.9 9.5 A 2.3 6.5 B 2.6 65.9 B 4.9 13.0 B 2.9 15.8 B 3.4 5.4 A 2.2 73.6 B 4.3 17.2 B 3.4 5.7 A 1.8 3.5 A 1.9 84.8 B 3.1 11.7 B 2.8 1.9 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.9 78.9 B 3.8 10.8 B 2.6 7.6 A 2.4 2.6 A 1.3 72.2 B 4.4 17.0 B 3.6 7.4 A 2.0 3.4 A 1.5 88.8 B 2.9 2.6 A 1.5 4.1 A 1.8 4.4 A 1.8

Less than high school 74.3 C 6.3 14.2 B 4.8 7.7 B 3.6 3.7 B 2.6 69.5 C 6.8 7.4 B 2.6 16.5 C 5.5 6.6 B 3.2 65.6 C 7.2 14.7 B 5.0 10.4 B 3.9 9.2 B 3.8 67.8 C 7.0 15.6 B 4.9 9.8 B 4.1 6.8 B 3.2 80.6 C 5.6 16.5 C 5.3 2.8 A 2.1 0.1 A 0.1 91.9 B 3.6 7.0 B 3.5 1.1 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 89.5 B 3.9 3.9 A 2.0 4.6 B 2.7 2.1 A 1.8 85.8 B 4.2 7.7 B 2.9 5.7 B 2.9 0.8 A 0.5 93.4 B 3.1 1.2 A 1.1 3.0 A 2.1 2.5 A 2.0

High school 66.7 C 5.1 19.6 B 4.7 10.6 B 2.9 3.1 A 1.6 54.7 C 5.2 18.5 B 4.5 12.8 B 3.3 14.0 B 3.9 52.6 C 5.2 26.5 B 4.9 9.0 B 2.7 12.0 B 3.6 51.7 C 5.2 22.9 B 3.9 10.4 B 2.7 14.9 B 3.8 61.7 C 5.1 23.8 B 4.0 6.0 A 2.2 8.5 B 4.1 80.9 B 4.7 10.3 B 2.6 6.0 B 4.1 2.8 A 1.8 74.5 B 5.0 11.3 B 3.0 10.5 B 4.3 3.7 A 2.1 64.1 C 5.1 17.6 B 3.6 12.0 B 4.3 6.3 A 2.3 85.9 B 4.6 1.8 A 0.8 4.8 B 4.0 7.4 B 2.9

College/Cegep/Trade School 70.7 B 3.6 20.0 B 3.1 6.1 A 1.6 3.2 A 1.4 63.2 B 3.9 20.6 B 3.4 10.0 A 2.0 6.2 A 1.9 59.5 B 4.0 20.7 B 3.3 13.0 A 2.4 6.7 A 1.7 58.8 B 4.0 18.9 B 3.0 13.8 B 2.5 8.6 A 2.3 68.0 B 4.0 22.5 B 3.6 6.7 A 1.7 2.9 A 1.9 81.9 B 3.3 12.1 B 2.6 2.2 A 0.8 3.9 A 2.1 75.7 B 3.4 11.6 A 2.4 7.2 A 1.6 5.5 A 2.3 66.1 B 3.8 20.2 B 3.5 8.8 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.4 93.8 A 1.7 1.9 A 1.2 2.4 A 0.8 2.0 A 0.9

Bachelor's degree 73.1 B 3.2 17.9 B 2.6 6.7 A 1.6 2.2 A 1.2 63.8 B 3.8 22.4 B 3.3 9.9 A 1.9 3.9 A 1.2 69.3 B 3.4 13.7 A 2.2 12.3 A 2.3 4.7 A 1.5 67.2 B 3.3 15.4 A 2.3 12.1 A 2.0 5.4 A 1.5 71.8 B 3.3 16.5 B 2.8 8.4 A 1.6 3.3 A 1.2 84.8 A 2.2 10.9 A 1.8 4.2 A 1.3 0.1 A 0.1 72.2 B 3.4 13.5 A 2.3 9.1 A 2.3 5.2 A 1.7 68.3 B 3.3 16.8 B 2.6 10.7 A 1.9 4.2 A 1.1 86.3 B 3.4 2.1 A 0.9 7.9 B 3.2 3.7 A 1.2

Master's degree or above 74.1 B 4.1 17.4 B 3.3 5.3 A 1.6 3.2 B 2.6 69.2 B 3.9 18.3 B 3.1 8.7 A 1.9 3.9 A 1.4 69.8 B 4.2 15.7 B 2.9 8.3 B 2.9 6.3 A 2.3 67.4 B 4.2 16.0 B 2.8 11.0 B 3.0 5.6 A 2.1 59.6 B 4.9 18.1 B 3.3 18.1 B 4.3 4.1 B 2.7 81.4 B 3.3 13.9 B 3.0 3.5 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.5 66.8 B 4.6 23.3 B 4.4 6.9 A 2.0 3.0 A 1.0 60.7 B 4.6 23.8 B 3.8 10.4 B 2.5 5.1 B 2.7 87.3 B 3.7 3.6 A 1.5 1.5 A 0.6 7.6 B 3.5

In Canada 71.7 A 2.2 20.1 A 2.0 6.0 A 0.9 2.2 A 0.6 63.4 A 2.4 20.8 A 2.1 10.6 A 1.3 5.2 A 1.0 63.6 A 2.4 18.8 A 1.9 11.3 A 1.4 6.3 A 1.1 64.0 A 2.3 17.4 A 1.7 11.8 A 1.3 6.8 A 1.1 69.5 A 2.3 17.7 A 1.7 9.5 A 1.5 3.3 A 1.1 84.1 A 1.7 10.5 A 1.2 3.5 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.8 73.1 A 2.3 15.2 A 1.9 7.2 A 1.3 4.5 A 1.2 67.7 A 2.3 19.4 A 1.9 8.5 A 1.3 4.4 A 0.8 88.7 A 2.2 2.5 A 0.7 4.5 A 1.8 4.4 A 1.3

Outside Canada 72.3 B 3.4 14.4 A 2.3 8.9 A 2.0 4.4 A 2.2 64.4 B 3.8 18.3 B 3.1 9.7 A 2.1 7.6 A 2.0 66.9 B 3.7 14.9 A 2.4 10.5 B 2.6 7.7 A 2.1 61.1 B 3.9 17.4 B 2.6 12.2 B 2.6 9.4 A 2.3 62.0 B 4.0 22.9 B 3.5 9.7 A 2.2 5.5 A 2.2 80.8 B 3.0 14.1 B 2.6 4.3 A 1.6 0.8 A 0.4 72.2 B 3.5 12.8 A 2.4 10.7 B 2.7 4.3 A 1.2 62.9 B 3.8 17.5 B 2.8 14.1 B 2.6 5.6 A 2.1 87.9 B 2.6 1.9 A 0.7 5.0 A 2.2 5.2 A 1.6

0% 71.3 B 2.6 19.6 A 2.2 6.3 A 1.1 2.8 A 1.2 65.7 B 2.7 20.6 A 2.4 8.9 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.1 64.6 B 2.8 18.2 A 2.1 11.8 A 2.0 5.5 A 1.1 64.2 B 2.7 18.4 A 1.9 12.8 A 1.8 4.6 A 0.9 69.2 B 2.7 17.2 A 2.0 8.8 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.8 82.3 A 2.1 10.7 A 1.4 4.9 A 1.4 2.0 A 0.9 73.6 B 2.5 12.6 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.9 4.7 A 1.3 64.2 B 2.8 20.1 A 2.2 9.9 A 1.7 5.9 A 1.4 87.8 B 2.6 2.3 A 0.7 6.8 B 2.5 3.0 A 0.9

1% to 49% 66.4 C 5.1 20.0 B 4.4 11.1 B 3.5 2.5 A 1.2 59.2 C 5.1 23.5 B 4.5 11.1 A 2.4 6.2 A 2.4 59.3 C 5.1 23.8 B 4.7 9.8 A 2.1 7.1 A 2.4 60.7 C 5.0 15.5 B 3.2 13.5 B 3.2 10.4 B 3.4 64.1 C 5.1 22.8 B 4.6 11.8 B 3.1 1.3 A 0.6 82.4 B 4.1 12.5 B 3.7 1.4 A 0.7 3.7 A 2.0 62.2 C 5.4 21.1 B 4.7 9.7 B 3.1 6.9 B 3.5 59.1 C 5.3 25.3 C 5.0 9.3 A 2.4 6.3 A 2.3 91.4 B 2.9 2.3 A 1.8 2.5 A 1.0 3.8 A 2.1

50% 75.5 B 3.7 16.9 B 3.3 6.9 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.7 64.4 B 4.5 14.9 B 3.3 14.6 B 3.1 6.1 A 2.2 66.0 B 4.2 17.2 B 3.1 10.8 A 2.2 6.0 A 2.2 64.4 B 4.3 16.5 B 2.9 8.7 A 2.1 10.4 B 2.8 64.4 B 4.9 19.8 B 3.6 11.0 B 4.0 4.8 A 2.2 85.9 B 2.7 11.8 B 2.5 2.2 A 0.9 0.1 A 0.1 72.9 B 4.6 17.5 B 4.3 6.1 A 1.9 3.5 A 1.5 72.1 B 3.9 12.5 B 3.0 12.2 B 2.6 3.3 A 1.1 85.7 B 4.1 1.5 A 0.7 2.9 A 1.0 9.9 B 4.1

51% to 99% 69.4 E 10.0 28.1 D 9.9 2.5 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 71.1 D 9.8 23.1 D 9.5 5.3 B 3.1 0.5 A 0.4 69.7 D 9.5 17.5 D 7.6 10.5 C 6.1 2.2 A 2.3 59.8 E 10.8 18.7 D 9.3 15.7 C 7.0 5.9 B 3.9 68.1 E 10.2 24.1 D 9.8 6.3 B 3.7 1.4 A 1.2 78.4 D 8.8 21.6 D 8.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 65.0 E 11.3 24.9 E 10.8 1.8 A 1.8 8.3 C 6.2 65.2 E 10.8 29.9 E 10.8 4.8 B 2.6 0.0 A 0.0 87.9 C 7.4 0.0 A 0.0 1.9 A 1.8 10.2 C 7.3

100% 75.5 C 5.9 10.4 B 3.4 6.5 B 3.4 7.6 B 3.7 56.2 D 8.1 20.6 C 7.0 10.4 B 4.2 12.7 B 4.5 66.9 C 6.9 8.8 B 3.3 9.7 B 4.0 14.7 C 5.2 59.6 C 7.5 15.9 B 5.0 10.3 B 3.7 14.3 C 5.1 65.7 C 7.0 22.6 C 6.2 9.3 B 3.5 2.4 A 1.4 84.4 C 5.5 11.2 B 4.7 4.3 B 3.1 0.0 A 0.0 82.9 C 5.0 8.1 B 3.7 7.8 B 3.4 1.2 A 0.8 74.6 C 6.0 12.9 B 4.3 11.1 B 4.4 1.3 A 0.8 92.6 B 3.2 3.9 B 2.7 0.6 A 0.6 2.9 A 1.6

Potential Borrowers71.1 D 9.2 23.7 D 8.8 3.0 B 2.7 2.2 A 2.2 51.4 E 10.7 21.1 D 8.1 14.3 C 7.4 13.3 C 5.5 66.0 D 9.6 6.6 B 4.0 12.4 C 6.6 15.0 C 7.0 58.7 E 10.0 14.8 C 6.3 19.7 D 7.8 6.7 B 3.6 70.3 D 8.6 13.3 C 6.2 15.0 C 6.1 1.4 A 1.4 87.1 C 5.2 10.2 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 2.7 B 2.7 54.4 E 10.8 11.6 C 5.7 11.6 C 5.5 22.5 E 11.1 59.4 D 10.0 12.9 C 5.2 17.8 D 7.7 10.0 C 5.4 90.7 B 4.1 2.4 A 1.6 0.0 A 0.0 6.9 B 3.7


72.2 E 10.4 26.6 E 10.3 0.0 A 0.0 1.1 A 1.1 64.6 E 10.6 19.1 C 7.1 13.2 C 7.0 3.1 A 2.3 55.3 E 12.7 27.3 E 11.2 15.3 C 6.3 2.1 A 1.6 43.4 E 13.8 38.5 E 12.2 17.3 D 8.0 0.8 A 0.5 63.9 E 11.3 30.0 E 10.5 2.8 B 2.8 3.2 A 2.5 83.0 D 7.6 10.0 C 6.2 3.7 B 2.9 3.3 B 3.2 49.3 E 13.3 16.0 C 7.1 16.3 C 6.2 18.3 D 9.4 53.6 E 12.5 12.1 C 5.9 19.6 D 7.8 14.7 C 7.0 91.6 B 4.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.4 A 2.4 6.0 B 3.6

Co-operatives Co-operatives 59.3 D 8.8 19.1 C 7.2 18.7 C 7.1 2.9 A 1.7 44.2 D 8.8 13.5 C 6.5 31.7 D 7.8 10.6 C 6.3 44.9 D 8.8 29.8 D 7.8 14.8 C 6.8 10.6 C 6.3 28.5 D 7.6 32.7 D 8.6 32.6 D 8.6 6.3 B 2.7 51.4 D 8.8 18.7 C 7.2 27.0 C 7.4 2.9 A 1.7 74.6 C 7.5 7.6 C 6.2 13.5 B 4.3 4.3 B 3.1 74.1 D 7.6 3.9 B 2.7 10.6 C 6.3 11.5 B 4.5 56.4 D 8.8 11.5 C 6.6 32.2 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 74.2 D 8.4 0.0 A 0.0 10.9 C 6.4 14.8 C 6.8

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 57.7 B 3.6 32.5 B 3.4 7.3 A 1.9 2.5 A 0.8 48.1 B 3.6 29.5 B 3.2 17.4 B 2.9 5.0 A 1.7 45.7 B 3.6 36.8 B 3.6 14.8 A 2.4 2.7 A 1.0 37.2 B 3.5 33.6 B 3.5 21.3 B 3.0 7.9 A 2.1 51.7 B 3.6 33.4 B 3.5 9.7 A 1.9 5.2 A 1.7 70.4 B 3.3 23.0 B 3.2 5.6 A 1.4 1.0 A 0.5 64.6 B 3.5 19.9 B 2.9 8.7 A 1.9 6.8 A 2.1 50.2 B 3.7 28.9 B 3.4 15.7 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.7 90.5 A 2.1 4.9 A 1.5 1.3 A 0.8 3.3 A 1.4

Not-for-profit 50.8 E 13.0 10.4 B 2.9 0.0 A 0.0 38.8 E 14.7 74.6 D 8.9 25.4 D 8.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 89.6 B 2.9 0.0 A 0.0 10.4 B 2.9 0.0 A 0.0 59.6 E 11.7 30.0 E 10.8 10.4 B 2.9 0.0 A 0.0 49.2 E 13.0 20.8 C 5.6 0.0 A 0.0 30.0 E 10.8 89.6 B 2.9 10.4 B 2.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 49.2 E 13.0 40.4 E 11.7 0.0 A 0.0 10.4 B 2.9 74.6 D 8.9 25.4 D 8.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Charity 87.0 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 13.0 A 2.3 87.0 A 2.3 13.0 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 87.0 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 13.0 A 2.3 60.9 C 5.3 26.1 B 3.8 13.0 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 59.4 C 5.9 14.6 B 4.7 13.0 A 2.3 13.0 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 87.0 A 2.3 13.0 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 85.4 B 4.7 14.6 B 4.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

For-profit 71.6 C 7.1 15.6 B 4.9 6.9 B 2.9 6.0 C 5.0 68.8 C 7.1 19.3 C 6.2 7.3 B 3.1 4.6 A 2.3 70.8 C 6.7 11.5 B 4.6 11.4 B 4.4 6.3 B 2.6 64.3 C 7.4 20.0 C 5.9 8.2 B 3.8 7.6 B 2.8 70.6 C 7.0 23.4 C 6.6 4.0 A 2.0 1.9 A 1.5 78.5 C 6.4 18.1 C 6.2 2.3 A 1.6 1.1 A 1.1 76.8 C 6.4 13.2 B 4.1 7.9 C 5.2 2.1 A 1.3 70.9 C 6.9 16.9 C 6.0 7.5 B 3.0 4.8 A 2.3 91.1 B 4.6 5.3 B 4.3 1.7 A 1.2 2.0 A 1.4

71.4 A 1.9 18.7 A 1.6 7.1 A 0.9 2.8 A 0.9 62.9 A 2.1 20.7 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.1 6.1 A 1.0 64.0 A 2.1 18.1 A 1.6 11.4 A 1.3 6.5 A 1.0 62.1 A 2.1 17.8 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.3 7.6 A 1.1 66.1 A 2.1 19.8 A 1.7 10.0 A 1.3 4.1 A 1.1 82.7 A 1.6 12.0 A 1.2 3.7 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.6 71.8 A 2.0 15.1 A 1.6 8.3 A 1.3 4.8 A 1.0 64.9 A 2.1 19.8 A 1.7 10.4 A 1.3 4.9 A 0.9 87.9 A 1.8 2.4 A 0.6 4.9 A 1.5 4.8 A 1.1

79.3 C 7.0 13.1 C 5.8 3.9 A 2.3 3.6 B 2.8 75.4 D 7.6 9.4 B 5.0 10.9 B 4.4 4.3 B 3.1 73.6 D 8.1 10.5 B 4.7 6.2 B 3.0 9.7 C 5.5 78.4 C 6.5 11.1 B 4.3 3.9 A 2.1 6.6 B 3.4 84.1 C 5.3 11.1 B 4.4 3.5 A 2.1 1.3 A 1.1 89.7 B 3.8 5.0 A 2.5 3.7 A 2.0 1.6 A 1.6 88.3 B 4.1 4.6 A 2.2 7.2 B 3.1 0.0 A 0.0 86.7 B 4.4 3.4 A 1.9 7.3 B 3.1 2.6 A 1.7 96.3 A 2.2 0.7 A 0.7 1.2 A 1.1 1.8 A 1.6



Table 23: Obstacles to Export

Not an obstacle

Border obstacles Logistical obstacles

A moderate obstacleA minor obstacle

A moderate obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle

A moderate obstacle A major obstacle

Administrative obstacles in Canada Administrative obstacles outside of Canada

Not an obstacle

Other

A minor obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate

obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate

obstacle A major obstacleA major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacleA moderate

obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle

CMA Level

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real



Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)



Survey question(s):I.8. Which of the following were obstacles that your business faced when exporting in 2017? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:I.8 is applicable to only to those that exported in 2017.


Employment Size

A moderate obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle A minor obstacle A minor obstacle

A moderate obstacle

Obstacles to exporting

Financial risk

Region

Market knowledge issues Intellectual property issues Lack of financing/ inadequate cash-flow

A minor obstacleA moderate

obstacleA major obstacle Not an obstacle A major obstacle Not an obstacle

Location

Export Status


Age of Business






Place of birth

Female Ownership







Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

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All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 46.1 A 0.8 37.3 A 0.8 28.6 A 0.7 16.3 A 0.5 10.7 A 0.4 89.3 A 1.4 20.2 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.9 17.7 A 1.9 28.8 A 2.1 36.1 A 2.3 24.7 A 2.1 16.9 A 1.9 18.0 A 2.0 19.4 A 1.8 20.8 A 2.0

1 to 4 employees 42.1 A 1.1 33.7 A 1.1 25.3 A 1.0 13.9 A 0.8 9.1 A 0.6 90.5 A 2.1 18.5 B 3.0 16.5 B 3.1 17.1 B 3.2 30.5 B 3.6 35.0 B 3.8 24.5 B 3.5 17.5 B 3.2 18.1 B 3.2 16.1 B 2.6 20.7 B 3.1

5 to 19 employees 49.2 A 1.4 41.8 A 1.4 30.5 A 1.2 17.1 A 0.9 10.9 A 0.8 86.5 B 2.6 22.7 B 3.6 14.7 B 3.2 18.1 B 3.4 28.2 B 3.6 39.4 B 3.9 29.1 B 3.8 16.2 B 3.4 18.6 B 3.4 23.3 B 3.7 22.1 B 3.6

20 to 99 employees 52.9 A 1.9 40.4 A 1.9 36.5 A 1.8 22.5 A 1.4 15.6 A 1.1 91.0 A 2.1 20.6 B 3.3 17.5 B 3.2 19.5 B 3.2 23.7 B 3.6 32.4 B 3.9 18.4 B 3.2 17.0 B 3.2 18.1 B 3.3 20.7 B 3.4 18.8 B 3.3

100 to 499 employees 69.6 B 3.1 47.3 B 3.4 48.2 B 3.4 39.0 B 3.3 26.0 B 2.5 90.8 B 3.2 17.6 B 3.2 12.3 B 2.9 14.0 B 2.7 32.3 C 5.5 36.0 C 5.4 16.0 B 2.9 15.6 B 3.4 13.1 B 3.4 19.4 B 3.6 19.4 B 3.5

Atlantic 41.8 A 2.1 31.5 A 2.0 30.2 A 2.0 13.6 A 1.4 8.7 A 1.0 78.4 C 5.7 13.5 B 4.5 13.0 B 4.6 19.1 C 5.1 34.6 C 5.9 33.4 C 5.7 21.8 C 5.1 17.7 B 5.0 16.3 B 4.7 23.8 C 5.6 23.1 C 6.2

Quebec 40.3 A 1.8 31.5 A 1.7 24.4 A 1.5 14.7 A 1.2 9.7 A 1.0 86.5 B 3.6 23.1 C 5.2 22.4 C 5.6 20.5 C 5.1 24.5 C 5.2 44.6 C 5.8 21.3 C 5.4 16.2 C 5.1 15.9 C 5.1 10.3 B 3.0 16.3 B 4.1

Ontario 50.9 A 1.3 42.2 A 1.3 30.7 A 1.2 17.8 A 0.9 13.3 A 0.8 91.6 A 1.6 20.6 B 2.8 16.2 B 2.8 16.3 B 2.8 27.4 B 3.1 32.9 B 3.3 20.3 B 2.9 15.4 B 2.6 15.4 B 2.7 19.5 B 2.9 22.5 B 3.1

Northern Ontario 39.6 B 2.8 31.7 B 2.6 25.8 A 2.4 11.1 A 1.7 6.1 A 1.2 96.1 A 2.1 27.1 D 7.9 22.7 C 7.4 17.6 C 6.0 17.2 C 6.4 18.4 C 6.4 6.9 B 3.5 7.7 B 3.5 7.8 B 3.8 7.8 B 3.8 7.2 B 3.4

Southern Ontario 51.7 A 1.4 42.9 A 1.3 31.0 A 1.2 18.2 A 0.9 13.8 A 0.9 91.5 A 1.7 20.4 B 2.9 16.0 B 2.9 16.3 B 2.9 27.6 B 3.2 33.3 B 3.4 20.7 B 3.0 15.7 B 2.7 15.6 B 2.8 19.9 B 2.9 23.0 B 3.2

Prairies 47.0 A 1.7 39.4 A 1.7 31.6 A 1.5 15.4 A 1.1 6.9 A 0.7 94.5 A 2.1 26.9 C 5.0 17.1 B 4.2 17.6 B 4.2 26.5 B 4.7 29.7 B 4.7 26.6 B 4.9 20.1 B 4.6 24.8 B 4.7 21.9 B 4.4 24.9 B 4.7

Manitoba 46.8 B 3.6 41.8 B 3.6 28.3 B 3.3 12.1 A 2.0 6.0 A 1.3 90.6 C 5.4 8.8 C 5.2 5.1 B 4.2 5.7 B 4.3 15.3 C 6.8 19.1 D 7.8 8.8 C 5.1 5.3 B 4.2 9.4 C 5.1 11.2 C 5.3 1.6 A 1.0

Saskatchewan 49.1 B 3.4 39.1 B 3.3 36.7 B 3.2 12.7 A 2.1 6.4 A 1.6 92.3 C 7.2 32.7 E 13.1 18.6 E 12.1 23.0 E 12.1 31.4 E 12.5 49.9 E 13.1 50.2 E 13.4 36.3 E 14.2 49.6 E 13.5 35.7 E 13.2 53.9 E 13.0

Alberta 46.6 A 2.3 38.9 A 2.2 31.2 A 2.0 16.8 A 1.5 7.2 A 1.0 95.6 A 2.2 29.0 C 6.3 19.0 C 5.2 18.7 C 5.1 27.6 C 5.8 27.6 C 5.7 25.1 C 5.7 19.5 C 5.4 22.6 C 5.4 21.1 C 5.2 23.2 C 5.5

British Columbia and Territories 44.0 A 2.1 34.3 A 2.1 25.7 A 1.8 17.4 A 1.5 11.8 A 1.2 86.0 B 4.2 13.0 B 3.9 7.5 B 2.6 17.4 B 4.9 37.0 C 5.7 39.8 C 5.8 38.6 C 6.0 18.8 C 5.4 22.7 C 5.4 26.0 C 5.5 17.9 C 5.2

St. John's 36.4 D 8.6 24.2 C 6.9 25.9 D 8.1 5.1 B 3.0 6.8 B 3.6 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 7.4 C 5.4 42.9 F 25.9 50.3 F 26.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Halifax 43.7 C 5.7 38.1 C 5.5 33.2 C 5.1 19.2 B 4.5 11.1 B 3.4 53.8 F 15.7 18.9 E 11.8 18.9 E 11.8 26.6 E 13.1 18.9 E 11.8 12.3 D 8.7 15.1 E 10.1 9.0 D 8.0 5.9 C 6.2 6.1 C 6.2 42.0 F 16.6

Quebec 43.5 C 6.9 30.1 C 5.4 31.7 C 6.8 11.2 B 3.5 10.8 B 3.5 98.4 A 1.6 12.6 E 10.1 7.9 C 7.4 6.6 C 6.6 35.5 F 15.3 42.9 F 15.9 11.1 E 10.1 18.7 E 11.7 17.2 E 11.6 0.0 A 0.0 26.4 E 13.4

Montreal 47.4 B 2.8 38.9 B 2.8 28.6 A 2.5 18.5 A 2.0 15.4 A 1.9 84.9 B 4.7 27.6 C 6.8 27.9 C 7.3 24.9 C 6.8 25.5 C 6.8 48.0 C 7.4 27.0 C 7.0 19.6 C 6.7 19.0 C 6.6 12.5 B 4.1 18.5 C 5.3

Ottawa-Gatineau 47.5 B 4.8 38.2 B 4.7 25.4 B 3.5 17.4 B 3.1 8.0 A 1.8 86.1 D 8.8 18.7 D 9.0 24.4 E 10.1 13.9 C 7.1 19.3 D 8.0 32.1 E 10.2 32.7 E 11.6 11.6 C 6.8 25.4 D 9.9 24.6 E 10.2 21.7 D 8.9

Toronto 58.0 A 2.1 49.7 A 2.1 36.5 A 2.0 23.0 A 1.6 17.5 A 1.6 91.9 A 2.4 20.2 B 4.1 17.1 B 4.2 17.8 B 4.2 28.1 B 4.5 34.1 B 4.8 17.3 B 4.0 14.3 B 3.6 14.7 B 3.9 19.8 B 4.2 25.1 B 4.6

Kingston 46.5 B 4.9 39.7 B 4.9 30.3 B 4.6 12.4 B 3.4 11.1 B 3.4 100.0 A 0.0 4.3 B 3.3 23.7 F 16.4 5.2 B 3.5 38.3 F 16.8 59.1 F 15.4 44.5 F 16.7 30.4 F 16.4 14.1 D 7.8 15.6 D 8.0 29.3 F 16.3

Hamilton 51.0 C 6.2 42.6 C 6.1 28.9 C 5.8 10.7 B 2.8 11.9 B 3.5 94.3 B 4.9 20.6 D 8.7 7.0 B 4.3 7.3 B 4.3 36.6 F 16.4 38.6 F 16.3 4.3 A 2.4 2.1 A 1.8 2.0 A 1.8 9.8 C 6.1 5.7 B 3.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 41.4 C 5.4 33.4 C 5.1 19.6 B 3.7 12.2 B 3.1 10.2 B 2.9 92.6 C 6.1 27.5 E 13.6 16.3 E 10.9 13.4 E 10.6 41.7 E 14.9 53.2 F 15.3 37.7 F 16.0 20.5 F 15.6 28.9 E 13.4 33.6 E 14.7 43.0 F 15.3

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 50.6 C 5.4 41.1 C 5.5 25.3 B 4.3 19.2 B 4.2 15.0 B 4.0 88.7 C 7.3 7.3 B 3.9 4.8 B 3.4 4.5 B 3.1 20.6 E 13.7 24.9 E 14.1 33.1 F 17.4 30.1 F 17.8 3.1 B 3.0 1.7 A 1.1 23.7 E 14.1

London 41.3 C 5.8 36.5 C 5.8 26.6 B 4.6 19.5 B 4.9 10.2 B 2.6 85.7 D 8.6 20.7 E 10.5 9.8 C 6.6 22.7 E 11.0 19.7 E 10.5 22.7 E 10.6 20.7 E 10.6 19.3 E 10.5 19.3 E 10.5 31.9 E 12.4 21.1 E 10.6

Windsor 49.8 C 5.6 44.4 C 5.7 33.3 C 5.4 18.6 B 4.7 19.4 B 4.9 96.0 B 4.0 22.8 E 10.7 10.6 D 7.6 18.2 E 10.2 24.4 E 14.8 32.0 E 15.0 24.5 E 11.6 13.7 D 7.9 12.7 D 7.8 14.4 D 8.0 9.2 C 5.2

Thunder Bay 41.7 C 5.3 35.5 C 5.2 26.7 B 4.9 12.0 B 3.0 8.2 A 2.4 100.0 A 0.0 13.8 D 8.8 19.6 E 10.0 14.7 D 9.0 20.4 E 10.7 27.3 E 11.7 12.8 D 8.7 4.9 B 4.6 19.9 E 10.7 19.9 E 10.7 4.9 B 4.6

Winnipeg 49.5 B 4.6 44.4 B 4.6 28.4 B 4.3 13.0 B 2.7 6.5 A 1.7 87.1 C 7.4 12.0 C 7.1 7.0 C 5.8 7.9 C 5.8 21.0 D 9.3 26.2 E 10.5 12.1 C 6.9 7.3 C 5.8 13.0 C 7.0 15.4 C 7.3 2.3 A 1.5

Calgary 41.5 B 3.8 34.4 B 3.6 29.7 B 3.3 21.2 B 2.8 12.4 A 2.4 97.9 A 2.1 26.2 D 9.2 14.4 C 6.4 17.3 C 6.8 27.6 D 8.4 27.7 D 8.0 20.6 D 7.7 16.2 C 7.1 19.2 C 7.3 16.6 C 6.5 16.8 C 7.0

Edmonton 52.3 B 4.2 45.1 B 4.3 30.7 B 4.0 16.2 B 3.1 5.1 A 1.4 92.0 C 7.4 29.6 E 12.4 22.5 E 11.4 15.5 D 9.1 23.5 E 11.0 9.1 C 6.3 31.8 E 12.7 29.6 E 12.7 17.9 E 10.0 21.4 E 10.5 43.3 E 13.5

Vancouver 49.2 B 3.3 36.0 B 3.2 30.7 B 3.0 22.7 B 2.7 16.0 A 2.2 80.4 C 6.5 7.6 B 2.8 4.6 A 2.0 15.5 C 6.6 39.5 D 7.7 46.8 D 7.8 39.6 D 8.2 19.6 D 7.7 25.7 D 7.7 31.4 D 7.6 24.1 D 7.6

Victoria 46.9 D 8.6 42.1 D 8.4 16.1 C 5.0 12.9 B 4.4 10.3 B 4.1 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 25.0 F 19.5 50.8 F 20.4 30.5 F 17.5 19.2 F 17.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

42.3 A 2.5 29.7 A 2.4 29.2 A 2.2 12.9 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.4 77.3 C 7.1 16.9 C 5.6 10.5 C 5.0 19.4 C 7.2 13.5 C 5.3 26.9 C 6.6 24.2 C 6.5 17.0 C 6.4 19.5 C 6.5 21.9 C 6.0 14.8 C 5.4

40.2 A 2.3 35.3 A 2.2 23.9 A 1.9 7.3 A 1.1 1.6 A 0.5 81.8 E 10.4 15.2 E 10.4 23.5 E 12.5 17.4 E 10.7 16.7 E 10.4 16.7 E 10.4 26.7 E 13.7 14.4 E 10.4 14.4 E 10.4 14.7 E 10.4 20.5 E 11.3

68.1 A 2.1 47.1 A 2.3 48.0 A 2.3 37.1 A 2.1 32.1 A 2.0 90.7 A 2.2 23.3 B 3.0 13.8 A 2.3 17.1 B 2.6 24.9 B 3.3 32.6 B 3.6 14.1 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.8 13.1 A 2.2 17.2 B 2.5 17.1 B 3.0

69.0 A 2.1 53.6 A 2.3 51.8 A 2.3 41.4 A 2.2 21.5 A 1.9 78.1 B 4.4 22.4 B 4.1 9.8 B 2.8 16.0 B 3.3 19.3 B 3.4 27.3 B 4.3 28.5 B 4.5 11.6 B 3.3 9.0 A 2.2 21.9 B 3.7 22.6 B 4.4

48.3 A 2.4 42.0 A 2.4 29.0 A 2.2 16.1 A 1.8 11.6 A 1.7 95.1 B 3.5 22.8 C 7.4 28.4 D 8.3 27.7 D 8.3 43.5 D 8.3 46.7 D 8.3 34.4 D 8.4 28.0 D 8.3 26.7 D 8.3 19.9 C 6.0 18.6 C 5.9

49.3 B 2.7 37.6 B 2.6 32.2 A 2.5 18.6 A 2.0 14.3 A 1.8 98.0 A 1.2 24.1 C 5.4 16.1 B 4.5 15.7 B 4.3 17.6 B 4.4 24.5 C 6.0 18.0 B 4.5 18.5 B 4.5 17.8 B 4.5 16.8 B 4.4 16.3 C 5.3

58.7 A 2.2 47.7 A 2.3 41.5 A 2.2 30.3 A 2.0 20.4 A 1.7 86.3 B 3.4 15.8 B 3.6 13.3 B 3.3 13.5 B 3.5 30.1 B 4.2 41.9 B 4.8 27.7 B 4.5 17.4 B 3.7 15.8 B 3.4 16.3 B 3.7 19.4 B 3.8

28.3 A 2.1 25.2 A 2.0 11.4 A 1.3 4.8 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.5 97.2 A 2.4 24.0 D 9.7 21.0 D 9.7 16.6 D 8.1 32.4 E 10.3 27.5 D 9.0 28.1 E 10.0 27.7 D 10.0 27.7 D 10.0 16.0 C 7.4 13.6 C 7.2

36.4 A 2.2 31.7 A 2.1 18.3 A 1.8 7.8 A 1.2 3.9 A 0.9 89.9 C 6.8 12.9 C 6.3 6.9 B 4.8 7.8 B 4.9 21.9 D 9.5 30.6 E 10.7 10.6 C 6.3 0.9 A 0.7 18.0 D 8.5 16.1 C 7.2 14.7 D 8.6

39.3 A 2.2 31.1 A 2.0 20.9 A 1.8 9.3 A 1.2 6.7 A 1.0 97.4 A 1.9 22.0 D 7.7 18.4 C 7.4 21.3 D 7.6 41.3 D 8.2 42.5 D 8.2 25.8 D 8.1 19.2 D 7.8 27.2 D 8.2 28.9 D 8.0 37.4 D 8.4

Tourism 46.9 B 4.3 35.3 B 4.3 30.1 B 4.4 19.5 B 3.9 11.0 B 3.2 97.3 A 1.8 31.4 F 16.7 30.4 F 16.8 27.4 F 16.9 57.2 E 14.3 57.5 E 14.3 59.1 E 13.9 51.3 F 15.5 51.3 F 15.5 38.9 F 16.4 47.4 F 16.1

Information and Communication 67.5 B 3.2 51.4 B 3.3 43.0 B 3.2 41.7 B 3.2 37.2 B 3.2 94.9 A 1.7 24.1 C 5.1 19.9 C 5.0 18.3 B 4.6 42.2 C 5.4 47.6 C 5.4 24.0 B 4.5 24.9 C 5.2 13.2 B 3.0 30.8 C 5.3 27.3 C 5.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 60.1 C 5.5 36.9 C 5.2 40.5 C 5.3 33.4 B 4.9 21.1 B 3.9 86.3 D 8.6 18.1 C 6.3 16.5 C 5.7 30.2 D 9.6 41.0 E 10.2 45.7 E 10.6 32.7 E 11.2 26.3 D 9.9 22.4 D 9.9 33.2 E 11.2 21.7 D 9.7

Rural 40.4 A 1.7 30.9 A 1.6 25.3 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.0 7.6 A 0.8 93.7 A 2.2 18.2 B 4.5 13.4 B 4.3 14.2 B 4.3 29.4 C 5.1 33.8 C 5.2 22.6 B 4.7 17.4 B 4.6 17.5 B 4.6 17.6 B 4.4 19.8 B 4.9

Urban 47.5 A 0.9 38.8 A 0.9 29.4 A 0.8 17.3 A 0.6 11.4 A 0.5 88.6 A 1.5 20.5 A 2.1 16.3 A 2.1 18.2 A 2.1 28.7 A 2.3 36.5 B 2.5 25.0 A 2.4 16.8 A 2.1 18.1 A 2.1 19.6 A 2.0 21.0 A 2.1

Exporter 75.7 A 2.0 47.3 A 2.2 52.3 A 2.3 54.8 A 2.2 59.8 A 2.2 89.5 A 1.6 18.9 A 2.3 15.9 A 2.3 19.0 B 2.6 31.9 B 2.8 39.0 B 2.9 25.3 B 2.7 19.3 B 2.6 20.5 B 2.6 19.9 A 2.3 21.9 B 2.5

Non-exporter 42.2 A 0.9 36.0 A 0.8 25.5 A 0.7 11.2 A 0.5 4.2 A 0.3 88.9 A 2.4 22.6 B 3.4 15.8 B 3.1 15.1 B 2.8 22.7 B 3.1 30.6 B 3.7 23.6 B 3.4 12.4 A 2.4 13.4 B 2.6 18.3 B 3.1 18.6 B 3.1

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 62.8 B 3.0 50.7 B 3.1 45.2 B 3.1 32.7 B 2.8 23.5 B 2.6 89.2 B 3.2 19.5 C 5.4 13.1 B 4.5 10.8 B 2.8 33.2 C 6.2 40.9 C 6.3 22.7 C 5.4 20.6 C 5.4 19.4 C 5.3 15.6 B 3.3 19.3 C 5.4

56.5 B 2.6 43.7 B 2.6 36.6 A 2.4 20.5 A 1.9 12.8 A 1.5 92.6 A 2.5 21.8 C 6.1 17.6 C 6.1 19.6 C 6.1 29.5 C 6.2 41.2 C 6.3 22.1 C 6.2 17.9 C 6.0 24.2 C 6.3 30.8 C 6.4 31.7 C 6.6

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 43.0 A 1.2 34.7 A 1.1 25.9 A 1.0 13.3 A 0.7 9.0 A 0.6 90.0 A 1.8 19.9 B 2.7 14.1 A 2.5 18.0 B 3.1 29.2 B 3.4 36.3 B 3.5 23.0 B 3.1 14.2 B 2.7 16.5 B 3.0 17.3 B 2.9 19.5 B 3.1

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 37.0 A 2.0 29.3 A 1.8 22.6 A 1.7 11.8 A 1.2 7.1 A 1.0 86.0 C 6.0 17.9 B 4.3 15.9 C 6.7 19.2 C 6.7 25.5 C 6.8 38.0 C 7.4 31.6 D 7.5 17.0 C 6.7 17.4 C 6.7 18.8 C 5.9 18.3 B 4.9

41.8 A 2.4 33.2 A 2.4 24.1 A 1.9 15.4 A 1.6 9.7 A 1.2 87.7 B 4.6 20.6 C 5.0 16.7 B 4.5 19.8 C 5.2 23.0 C 5.3 28.3 C 5.6 26.0 C 6.5 16.4 C 5.1 12.5 B 4.0 17.7 B 4.6 21.8 C 5.2

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 55.5 A 2.5 49.2 B 2.5 33.4 A 2.3 19.5 A 1.9 11.9 A 1.6 88.9 B 4.3 17.5 C 5.6 17.8 C 6.2 16.2 C 5.5 22.7 C 5.7 24.2 C 7.1 22.8 C 6.1 15.4 C 5.5 15.3 C 5.4 22.7 C 6.3 14.7 C 5.9

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 49.3 A 1.5 39.1 A 1.5 31.8 A 1.4 17.6 A 1.1 12.2 A 0.9 87.3 A 2.5 20.3 B 3.6 16.5 B 3.6 20.6 B 3.8 32.5 B 4.0 41.1 B 4.1 27.4 B 3.9 17.9 B 3.6 18.5 B 3.6 17.7 B 3.1 25.7 B 3.6

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 44.9 A 1.6 36.9 A 1.5 25.8 A 1.3 14.6 A 1.0 9.2 A 0.8 89.3 B 3.1 18.0 B 2.9 14.5 B 2.7 14.9 B 2.6 31.4 B 4.3 41.2 B 4.5 24.1 B 4.3 16.3 B 3.5 17.5 B 3.6 20.2 B 3.7 20.4 B 3.8

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 40.8 A 1.3 32.2 A 1.2 26.2 A 1.1 15.3 A 0.9 10.0 A 0.7 92.0 A 1.7 22.7 B 3.4 15.4 B 3.2 16.5 B 3.2 24.0 B 3.4 30.0 B 3.4 22.3 B 3.4 16.7 B 3.3 18.9 B 3.4 19.6 B 3.3 16.9 B 3.2

65.3 A 2.0 53.9 A 2.0 44.2 A 1.9 31.5 A 1.7 24.1 A 1.6 90.2 A 2.1 25.7 B 3.5 19.6 B 3.5 22.2 B 3.6 37.4 B 3.8 47.9 B 3.8 28.2 B 3.8 22.5 B 3.7 24.6 B 3.8 22.9 B 3.4 28.3 B 3.6

66.0 A 2.2 53.0 A 2.3 46.3 A 2.2 32.5 A 2.0 26.9 A 1.9 90.1 B 2.5 20.5 B 3.3 14.9 B 2.8 17.4 B 3.3 32.3 B 4.0 41.0 B 4.2 23.8 B 3.8 19.5 B 3.6 24.2 B 3.8 23.5 B 3.8 24.8 B 4.0

67.0 A 2.2 54.4 A 2.4 45.0 A 2.3 32.2 A 2.1 25.1 A 2.0 91.2 B 2.7 21.7 B 4.2 19.8 B 4.5 22.1 B 4.8 38.0 B 5.0 48.0 B 4.9 27.7 C 5.0 22.8 B 4.9 29.0 B 5.0 25.3 B 4.6 26.9 B 4.8

63.1 A 2.3 51.6 A 2.3 42.6 A 2.2 29.5 A 1.9 20.9 A 1.8 88.7 B 3.0 19.8 B 4.1 21.0 B 4.8 20.9 B 4.8 40.3 B 5.0 44.2 B 4.9 25.3 C 5.0 20.9 B 4.8 21.5 B 4.8 24.7 B 4.5 27.1 B 4.7

62.6 A 1.5 51.5 A 1.5 42.4 A 1.5 27.9 A 1.2 20.7 A 1.1 90.0 A 1.7 22.5 B 2.7 18.1 B 2.8 19.7 B 2.8 35.7 B 3.1 42.9 B 3.1 25.6 B 3.0 20.0 B 2.9 22.3 B 3.0 22.4 B 2.8 26.0 B 3.0

39.3 A 1.0 31.0 A 0.9 23.6 A 0.8 11.9 A 0.6 6.7 A 0.4 89.0 A 2.1 15.8 A 2.2 13.2 A 2.5 15.1 B 2.7 19.5 B 2.7 27.9 B 3.2 24.0 B 3.1 13.2 A 2.5 12.4 A 2.3 15.2 A 2.2 14.1 A 2.3

Holds IP 64.6 A 1.6 50.4 A 1.6 44.0 A 1.6 33.5 A 1.4 25.4 A 1.3 89.4 A 1.8 20.0 A 2.5 16.5 B 2.6 19.2 B 2.7 33.4 B 3.0 41.1 B 3.1 25.4 B 2.9 18.5 B 2.7 17.8 B 2.7 19.5 B 2.5 25.6 B 2.8

Holds Formal IP 67.1 A 2.3 49.1 A 2.4 46.0 A 2.4 41.2 A 2.3 30.9 A 2.2 89.8 B 2.8 20.1 B 3.6 17.6 B 3.6 20.9 B 4.0 36.3 B 4.5 46.0 B 4.5 26.8 B 4.4 19.5 B 4.1 19.2 B 4.0 26.3 B 4.4 30.9 B 4.4

No IP 39.9 A 1.0 32.6 A 0.9 24.1 A 0.8 10.8 A 0.6 5.7 A 0.4 89.9 A 1.9 19.3 B 2.7 15.3 B 2.9 15.4 B 2.8 21.7 B 3.0 29.4 B 3.3 24.2 B 3.2 15.0 B 2.8 18.8 B 3.0 19.2 B 2.7 13.7 B 2.5

Not familiar with any type of IP 49.9 A 0.9 39.6 A 0.9 32.7 A 0.9 19.6 A 0.7 13.1 A 0.6 89.5 A 1.4 19.6 A 2.0 16.2 A 2.0 18.0 A 2.1 29.9 A 2.3 38.3 A 2.4 24.2 A 2.3 17.4 A 2.1 18.5 A 2.1 19.1 A 1.9 22.3 A 2.2

Familiar with at least one type of IP 34.8 A 1.7 29.4 A 1.7 18.2 A 1.4 7.6 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.6 90.9 B 3.8 20.4 C 5.6 14.5 B 4.9 15.4 B 4.6 18.4 C 5.4 18.1 C 5.3 33.6 C 7.2 14.1 B 4.6 14.4 B 4.6 23.5 C 6.8 7.3 B 2.9

Procurement Did business with Federal government 72.7 A 2.4 56.7 B 2.8 58.9 B 2.7 48.0 B 2.8 30.3 B 2.6 93.6 A 2.0 16.7 B 4.1 20.2 B 4.7 25.0 B 4.8 36.2 C 5.2 48.5 C 5.3 26.8 B 5.0 28.5 C 5.2 23.7 B 4.8 28.7 C 5.0 26.1 B 4.8

<30 years old 60.9 C 5.5 56.8 C 5.8 42.9 C 6.3 16.6 B 3.7 7.4 B 2.7 100.0 A 0.0 4.1 B 3.1 3.1 B 2.9 3.1 B 2.9 31.8 F 16.0 9.4 C 7.0 14.7 D 8.9 3.1 B 2.9 8.5 C 6.0 8.5 C 6.0 3.1 B 2.9

30 to 39 years old 51.2 A 2.3 43.2 A 2.2 32.0 A 2.0 15.2 A 1.4 9.9 A 1.2 90.9 B 3.4 16.7 B 4.0 13.8 C 5.1 17.2 C 5.2 26.9 C 5.6 36.0 C 6.3 22.1 C 5.7 15.6 C 5.3 18.5 C 5.3 10.4 B 3.1 20.5 C 5.1

40 to 49 years old 50.9 A 1.7 41.3 A 1.6 33.5 A 1.5 21.0 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.1 92.1 A 2.2 23.4 B 4.3 17.2 B 3.9 17.2 B 3.7 33.9 B 4.4 39.1 B 4.5 22.4 B 4.0 17.1 B 3.8 15.5 B 3.8 17.7 B 3.5 24.6 B 4.3

50 to 64 years old 43.1 A 1.2 34.3 A 1.1 26.3 A 1.0 15.3 A 0.8 9.9 A 0.6 87.1 A 2.3 18.0 A 2.5 15.9 B 2.7 18.2 B 3.0 25.9 B 3.1 35.1 B 3.4 26.2 B 3.3 17.1 B 2.9 19.9 B 3.0 22.5 B 3.0 19.2 B 2.8

65+ years old 39.8 A 2.2 31.2 A 2.1 21.5 A 1.7 11.4 A 1.1 9.2 A 1.0 86.7 B 3.9 25.5 B 4.6 15.7 B 3.7 18.7 B 4.4 27.0 B 4.6 34.5 B 4.9 29.6 B 4.7 18.6 B 4.1 18.7 B 3.8 23.6 B 4.0 18.1 B 3.8

Less than high school 35.6 B 3.0 27.8 B 2.7 21.8 B 2.5 8.1 A 1.6 5.0 A 1.0 84.9 C 6.2 33.1 D 9.7 24.3 D 9.3 24.2 D 9.2 20.4 D 8.6 28.9 D 9.2 18.7 D 8.6 16.4 D 8.6 18.7 D 8.6 27.6 D 9.0 20.8 D 8.8

High school 39.4 A 1.6 32.4 A 1.6 22.2 A 1.3 11.0 A 1.0 5.9 A 0.7 92.0 A 2.5 19.7 B 4.5 11.1 B 3.6 15.9 B 4.1 26.0 C 5.8 30.1 C 5.8 23.4 C 5.7 19.6 C 5.7 19.6 C 5.6 17.2 B 4.1 21.7 C 5.7

College/Cegep/Trade School 45.9 A 1.5 37.8 A 1.4 28.1 A 1.3 13.8 A 0.9 8.8 A 0.8 89.2 B 2.5 22.2 B 4.1 18.1 B 4.2 16.3 B 3.6 28.5 B 4.3 36.9 B 4.6 24.3 B 4.2 15.0 B 3.9 19.6 B 4.0 15.5 B 3.1 16.2 B 3.3

Bachelor's degree 54.8 A 1.6 42.9 A 1.6 36.2 A 1.5 22.8 A 1.3 15.0 A 1.1 91.7 A 2.0 16.6 B 2.9 11.1 B 2.8 16.1 B 3.4 29.4 B 3.7 36.0 B 3.9 27.6 B 3.9 17.5 B 3.4 14.8 B 3.3 17.8 B 3.0 19.8 B 3.1

Master's degree or above 46.6 A 2.2 38.6 A 2.1 29.8 A 1.9 22.1 A 1.7 17.1 A 1.5 84.9 B 3.7 22.0 B 4.3 22.2 B 4.5 21.5 B 4.4 30.7 B 4.6 39.5 C 5.0 22.2 B 4.4 16.6 B 3.9 20.5 B 4.3 25.6 B 4.7 26.3 B 4.8

In Canada 44.7 A 0.9 35.9 A 0.9 28.9 A 0.8 15.9 A 0.6 9.5 A 0.5 90.8 A 1.4 20.2 A 2.2 15.3 A 2.2 17.6 A 2.3 30.7 B 2.6 36.1 B 2.6 23.6 B 2.6 17.7 A 2.5 18.7 A 2.4 17.8 A 2.0 20.2 A 2.4

Outside Canada 50.1 A 1.7 41.4 A 1.7 27.7 A 1.5 17.4 A 1.2 14.3 A 1.1 86.3 B 2.8 20.1 B 3.6 17.1 B 3.5 17.8 B 3.6 24.8 B 3.8 36.1 B 4.4 26.9 B 4.0 15.4 B 3.2 16.8 B 3.5 22.4 B 3.7 21.9 B 3.6

0% 46.6 A 1.1 37.5 A 1.1 30.1 A 1.0 17.1 A 0.7 11.2 A 0.6 91.2 A 1.7 20.5 A 2.4 15.0 A 2.3 18.1 A 2.4 27.1 B 2.7 36.7 B 3.0 22.5 B 2.7 14.0 A 2.4 16.5 A 2.5 16.4 A 2.3 18.4 A 2.5

1% to 49% 51.9 A 2.5 43.0 A 2.5 31.2 A 2.2 17.7 A 1.7 12.3 A 1.3 83.1 B 4.8 18.5 B 4.3 13.7 B 3.8 15.5 B 3.9 24.5 B 4.6 35.1 C 5.4 23.1 B 4.8 22.0 B 4.6 20.0 B 4.4 23.7 B 4.5 27.0 C 5.2

50% 45.2 A 1.7 36.6 A 1.7 27.8 A 1.5 15.3 A 1.2 9.4 A 1.0 89.2 B 2.5 23.2 C 5.2 21.1 C 5.4 21.0 C 5.5 35.1 C 5.7 34.8 C 5.5 31.4 C 5.6 23.3 C 5.3 21.4 C 5.2 25.6 C 5.2 30.5 C 5.7

51% to 99% 45.6 C 5.2 36.3 C 5.0 25.6 B 4.2 20.0 B 4.1 12.6 B 2.9 68.3 E 12.6 8.2 B 3.9 8.0 C 5.2 5.6 B 3.3 26.4 D 9.5 26.5 D 9.8 18.5 D 9.6 11.2 C 5.5 7.0 B 3.8 40.4 E 12.6 19.2 D 7.6

100% 41.1 A 2.3 33.2 A 2.2 22.4 A 2.0 12.9 A 1.5 9.1 A 1.3 92.0 B 3.1 18.4 C 6.7 15.9 C 7.4 15.7 C 7.3 31.8 D 8.1 39.0 D 8.2 27.9 D 7.8 17.3 C 7.5 21.1 D 7.7 13.6 B 4.3 10.7 B 4.1

Potential Borrowers46.3 B 3.8 37.4 B 3.6 26.7 B 3.3 15.9 B 2.6 12.9 B 2.6 91.3 B 4.2 27.8 E 10.7 20.0 E 10.5 16.1 C 7.3 23.2 D 7.9 34.1 E 10.9 40.2 E 10.9 12.2 C 5.8 11.8 C 5.8 20.8 D 8.4 17.2 C 7.1


72.5 B 4.4 63.6 B 4.6 47.1 B 5.0 30.7 B 4.7 16.3 B 3.4 91.5 C 5.9 12.5 C 6.1 16.0 E 12.5 16.7 E 12.5 37.9 E 12.0 35.0 E 11.8 21.8 E 12.4 19.6 E 12.4 19.1 E 12.4 6.6 B 3.9 14.3 D 7.5

Co-operatives Co-operatives 48.9 A 1.8 41.6 A 1.8 26.2 A 1.6 11.7 A 1.2 6.7 A 1.0 91.1 B 3.0 10.7 C 6.3 15.4 D 8.0 27.9 D 8.3 51.4 D 7.7 69.3 C 5.9 28.6 D 8.0 18.3 D 8.0 33.2 D 7.8 27.7 D 7.9 18.7 D 8.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 79.0 A 1.8 57.9 A 2.2 63.9 A 2.2 53.5 A 2.2 37.3 A 2.2 86.3 B 2.9 30.3 B 3.5 20.0 B 3.0 29.7 B 3.5 21.5 B 3.1 34.6 B 3.7 31.1 B 3.6 22.6 B 3.3 18.7 B 2.9 30.3 B 3.6 21.7 B 3.2

Not-for-profit 42.8 A 1.4 40.9 A 1.4 19.1 A 1.2 6.1 A 0.8 2.8 A 0.5 20.1 B 4.0 6.7 A 1.5 13.4 B 2.8 0.0 A 0.0 6.7 A 1.5 42.3 D 8.9 23.1 C 6.0 0.0 A 0.0 9.6 C 5.2 9.6 C 5.2 70.2 C 6.7

Charity 53.6 A 1.9 44.5 A 2.0 24.5 A 1.6 9.4 A 1.4 6.1 A 0.8 64.2 B 5.0 31.0 C 5.5 31.0 C 5.5 38.0 C 5.8 61.2 C 5.9 48.1 C 6.5 17.0 C 5.2 17.0 C 5.2 17.0 C 5.2 24.0 C 5.2 90.0 C 5.2

For-profit 58.1 B 3.6 49.1 B 3.7 37.9 B 3.6 24.7 B 3.2 16.4 B 2.6 93.8 B 3.7 15.4 C 5.1 12.3 B 4.9 13.4 B 4.8 29.2 C 7.1 32.2 D 7.6 28.8 D 8.5 14.2 C 6.6 9.8 B 4.5 12.2 B 4.4 12.0 B 4.6

47.9 A 0.9 38.6 A 0.8 30.4 A 0.8 17.7 A 0.6 11.8 A 0.5 89.0 A 1.4 20.5 A 2.0 16.3 A 1.9 18.2 A 2.0 29.3 A 2.2 36.6 A 2.3 24.6 A 2.2 17.1 A 2.0 18.2 A 2.0 19.7 A 1.9 21.1 A 2.0

34.4 A 2.1 28.7 A 2.0 17.2 A 1.7 7.4 A 0.9 3.2 A 0.6 97.0 A 1.9 12.0 C 6.0 6.1 B 3.7 3.6 B 2.7 16.3 D 7.7 24.2 D 8.3 26.2 D 9.0 12.3 C 7.4 13.6 C 5.9 11.2 C 6.1 13.2 C 6.8


Social Enterprises







Location



Intend to expand sales into new

markets over the next 3 years

Employment Size

United Kingdom Other EuropeWithin your local

municipality or region

Outside of your local municipality or region

but within your province/territory

Rest of Canada The United States Mexico Brazil Other Latin AmericaOutside of Canada

Expansion intentions over the next 3 years Expansion intentions outside of Canada (export sales) over the next 3 years

Table 24: Intentions to Expand to New Markets


Region

Intend to expand sales into new markets:

China India Japan Other Asia Other

CMA Level


or introduced

A new organizational method in your business practices,

Survey question(s):I.9. In the next 3 years, does your business intend to expand sales to new markets…? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)I.10. In the next 3 years, does your business intend to expand sales to new markets within...?(Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:I.9 is applicable to all respondents.I.10 is applicable only to those who intend to expand sales outside of Canada.






Place of birth

Female Ownership


Export Status


Age of Business



% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE







Quebec 10.3 A 1.1 10.5 A 1.0 2.2 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.4 3.0 A 1.0 0.5 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.3


Northern Ontario 11.3 A 1.8 15.8 A 1.9 2.0 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.4 3.4 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.4 0.3 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.6



Manitoba 8.1 A 1.5 11.3 A 2.1 3.5 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.6 3.4 A 1.2 0.3 A 0.2 1.7 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0

Saskatchewan 9.0 A 1.9 12.2 A 2.1 3.0 A 1.1 4.4 A 1.6 3.6 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.4 1.6 A 0.8 0.3 A 0.3



St. John's 7.0 B 3.3 12.6 B 4.9 0.7 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 1.9 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 0.7 7.5 C 6.5

Halifax 10.5 B 2.9 15.9 B 3.6 4.8 A 2.0 1.0 A 0.5 8.6 B 2.7 0.0 A 0.0 1.9 A 1.4 3.2 A 1.9

Quebec 6.0 A 2.3 9.9 B 3.9 3.6 A 1.7 2.7 A 1.7 1.3 A 0.8 13.7 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.1 A 0.1

Montreal 13.3 A 1.9 13.7 A 1.7 3.0 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.8 3.1 A 0.8 2.8 A 1.2 0.8 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 8.1 A 2.0 11.0 A 2.2 9.1 A 2.4 0.5 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.3 1.6 A 1.0 3.2 A 1.7


Kingston 14.3 B 3.6 16.7 B 3.3 7.6 B 2.8 0.2 A 0.2 3.4 A 1.5 1.0 A 0.9 1.6 A 1.0 0.6 A 0.6

Hamilton 23.0 B 5.0 11.8 B 3.0 7.6 B 3.3 1.9 A 1.5 6.4 B 2.8 0.4 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.4

St. Catharines-Niagara 10.8 A 2.4 13.4 B 4.3 4.9 A 2.0 2.5 A 1.1 5.6 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 1.7 A 1.0 0.5 A 0.4

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 13.1 B 3.2 15.1 B 3.5 10.9 B 3.9 2.8 A 1.6 5.4 B 2.5 0.7 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.5 2.6 A 2.2

London 12.6 B 3.0 18.6 B 4.3 4.3 A 1.7 1.3 A 0.7 3.0 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.3 A 0.2 4.7 B 3.1

Windsor 17.6 B 4.2 20.2 C 5.1 6.7 B 2.5 0.4 A 0.3 3.2 A 1.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.9 A 2.2 0.2 A 0.2

Thunder Bay 14.2 B 3.1 21.2 B 4.1 1.2 A 1.1 0.9 A 0.6 6.2 A 2.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.5

Winnipeg 8.0 A 1.8 11.9 B 2.7 4.3 A 1.7 1.4 A 0.7 3.3 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.3 2.6 A 1.9 0.0 A 0.0

Calgary 16.8 B 3.1 19.3 B 3.1 4.8 A 1.5 2.8 A 1.2 10.4 B 2.8 1.0 A 0.9 0.6 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.8

Edmonton 12.4 A 2.3 14.6 B 2.8 2.6 A 1.2 1.1 A 0.6 5.1 A 1.6 0.0 A 0.0 1.2 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.1

Vancouver 12.4 A 2.0 15.1 A 2.1 8.2 A 1.8 3.0 A 0.9 4.6 A 1.3 0.6 A 0.5 4.5 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.9

Victoria 15.0 C 5.8 8.8 B 3.5 10.5 C 6.3 0.6 A 0.6 1.5 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 1.8 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.2

13.5 A 1.6 3.5 A 0.9 1.7 A 0.4 12.5 A 1.6 3.6 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.6 3.1 A 0.8 0.4 A 0.2

12.2 A 1.7 8.9 A 1.3 1.3 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.2 3.1 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.3

49.4 A 2.1 20.2 A 1.5 8.3 A 1.2 6.2 A 1.2 5.7 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.7 2.7 A 0.5

28.9 A 2.1 55.7 A 2.2 6.5 A 1.0 5.1 A 1.0 18.2 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.5 1.0 A 0.4 3.4 A 0.8

11.9 A 1.5 34.1 A 2.2 5.1 A 1.0 2.4 A 0.7 7.4 A 1.2 0.1 A 0.1 0.9 A 0.6 1.6 A 0.6

5.3 A 1.1 3.5 A 0.9 3.6 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.7 0.9 A 0.7 0.3 A 0.2 2.2 A 0.9

6.5 A 1.1 6.6 A 1.2 9.5 A 1.2 1.0 A 0.4 2.6 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.7

7.8 A 1.4 4.9 A 1.0 0.7 A 0.2 1.1 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.5 0.2 A 0.1 2.8 A 0.8 0.4 A 0.4

12.1 A 1.4 18.3 A 1.8 3.8 A 1.0 0.9 A 0.4 3.9 A 0.9 0.4 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.3

5.6 A 1.1 5.9 A 1.1 3.2 A 0.7 1.9 A 0.6 2.9 A 0.9 2.0 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.5

Tourism 6.8 B 2.5 13.6 B 3.7 6.7 B 2.6 6.2 B 2.8 7.6 B 3.3 0.0 A 0.0 1.3 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.7

Information and Communication 12.1 A 2.3 12.4 A 2.1 16.5 B 2.5 4.2 A 1.4 3.0 A 0.9 1.5 A 1.1 0.9 A 0.5 6.0 A 1.4

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 10.9 B 2.5 8.2 B 2.7 7.3 B 2.6 0.8 A 0.3 6.7 B 2.6 1.8 A 0.7 3.3 A 2.0 4.8 A 2.2

Rural 11.7 A 1.0 11.1 A 1.1 2.2 A 0.4 3.7 A 0.5 2.9 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.7 1.2 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.3

Urban 12.5 A 0.6 14.2 A 0.6 4.7 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.2 4.6 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.3 1.3 A 0.2 1.5 A 0.2



High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 17.9 A 2.5 17.8 A 2.3 8.8 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 2.0 A 0.6

14.9 A 1.7 17.5 A 1.9 6.0 A 1.1 3.9 A 1.0 5.0 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.4 2.2 A 0.8 2.9 A 0.8



12.2 A 1.6 13.5 A 1.4 2.9 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.5 4.7 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.9 1.4 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.5





21.8 A 1.5 19.3 A 1.4 10.0 A 1.1 5.1 A 0.8 10.3 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.7 3.7 A 0.7

28.7 A 2.0 16.8 A 1.5 10.6 A 1.5 5.0 A 0.8 8.7 A 1.4 1.1 A 0.4 3.4 A 0.9 3.8 A 0.9

20.1 A 1.8 16.1 A 1.4 11.6 A 1.4 4.1 A 1.0 9.3 A 1.4 1.3 A 0.5 3.4 A 0.9 3.9 A 1.0

18.3 A 1.6 21.1 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.0 3.5 A 0.9 8.5 A 1.2 1.4 A 0.5 2.5 A 0.8 3.4 A 0.8

20.3 A 1.1 18.3 A 1.0 8.6 A 0.8 4.1 A 0.5 7.9 A 0.8 0.9 A 0.2 2.4 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.5

9.2 A 0.6 11.4 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.3 1.8 A 0.2 2.5 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.4 0.6 A 0.1 0.8 A 0.2



No IP 10.1 A 0.6 12.1 A 0.6 2.2 A 0.3 2.1 A 0.2 3.1 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.1



Procurement Did business with Federal government 29.3 B 2.6 29.0 B 2.5 14.8 A 2.1 4.8 A 1.3 9.9 A 1.8 1.4 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.9 5.0 A 1.3

<30 years old 14.6 B 3.6 15.1 C 5.9 2.0 A 0.9 1.6 A 0.9 9.8 C 5.8 0.6 A 0.6 0.9 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0





Less than high school 12.1 A 2.3 9.6 A 1.8 2.7 A 1.0 4.2 A 1.0 3.2 A 1.2 2.5 A 1.7 0.7 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.5







0% 12.3 A 0.7 12.6 A 0.6 4.7 A 0.4 2.1 A 0.3 4.5 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.4 1.0 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.3

1% to 49% 16.5 A 1.7 17.9 A 1.8 5.7 A 0.9 3.4 A 0.7 5.2 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.4 1.6 A 0.5

50% 12.4 A 1.1 12.7 A 1.1 3.2 A 0.6 2.9 A 0.6 4.2 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.2 1.7 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.3

51% to 99% 11.7 B 2.9 19.7 B 3.7 4.7 A 1.8 2.5 A 1.1 6.6 A 2.3 0.5 A 0.4 4.7 B 2.8 0.9 A 0.5

100% 9.0 A 1.3 14.1 A 1.5 2.6 A 0.7 2.5 A 0.7 2.2 A 0.6 1.3 A 1.0 1.0 A 0.4 1.7 A 0.6

Potential Borrowers12.5 B 2.7 12.9 B 2.5 3.5 A 1.2 3.0 A 1.1 4.5 A 1.7 0.3 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.3 1.9 A 1.0


15.8 B 3.0 21.7 B 3.9 5.2 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.8 7.0 A 2.1 0.5 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.7





For-profit 13.7 A 2.4 12.3 A 2.1 6.5 A 1.6 4.4 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.6 1.4 A 0.8 3.7 A 1.4 2.2 A 1.2

13.3 A 0.6 14.1 A 0.5 4.5 A 0.3 2.5 A 0.2 4.5 A 0.3 1.0 A 0.2 1.3 A 0.2 1.6 A 0.2

6.2 A 0.9 9.8 A 1.3 2.8 A 0.8 2.5 A 0.5 2.7 A 0.8 1.4 A 0.9 0.7 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0


Female Ownership



Social Enterprises





Place of birth

Employment Size


Table 25: International Business ActivitySurvey question(s):I.11. In 2017, did your business...? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:I.11. is applicable to all respondents.


Import goods or services from outside Canada to be used in

the production of other goods in

Canada

Import goods from outside Canada to be

re-sold as is

Import services from outside Canada

Use a Canadian intermediary, such as a wholesaler, to sell your goods to some

markets abroad

Have a product that is manufactured by a contracted company

abroad

Engage in foreign direct investments

Relocate any business activities or

employees from another country into

Canada

Engage in other international

business activities

International Business Activity

Region

Location

Export Status

CMA Level



Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)



New or significantly improved process or methodA new organizational method in your business practices, A new way of selling your goods or services





Age of Business



% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE






Atlantic 7.3 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.2 90.3 A 1.2 79.5 A 2.0 6.2 A 1.5 9.7 A 1.6 3.1 A 1.1 6.4 A 1.2



Northern Ontario 4.4 A 1.1 0.8 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 94.9 A 1.1 80.7 A 2.2 8.3 A 1.6 7.4 A 1.4 2.2 A 0.7 3.3 A 1.1



Manitoba 4.7 A 1.7 0.8 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.8 93.5 A 1.9 80.4 B 3.1 7.3 A 2.2 8.4 A 2.3 2.6 A 1.1 3.9 A 1.8

Saskatchewan 4.8 A 1.5 0.5 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 94.7 A 1.5 84.8 A 2.5 5.6 A 1.5 4.4 A 1.2 2.7 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.7

Alberta 2.3 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.5 A 0.3 97.0 A 0.8 87.8 A 1.3 5.1 A 0.9 6.8 A 1.1 1.2 A 0.4 2.8 A 0.7


St. John's 1.9 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 98.1 A 1.8 74.0 C 7.2 7.7 B 4.6 7.2 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 15.8 C 5.9

Halifax 7.0 B 2.8 2.1 A 1.3 0.0 A 0.0 91.0 B 3.0 69.0 C 6.5 11.0 B 3.9 18.8 C 6.2 3.1 A 2.0 9.9 B 3.9

Quebec 2.0 A 0.9 0.3 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 97.7 A 1.0 80.8 C 5.1 9.3 B 4.3 6.7 B 3.8 0.0 A 0.0 6.7 B 2.8

Montreal 2.5 A 0.6 1.5 A 0.8 0.9 A 0.7 95.1 A 1.2 76.1 B 2.6 10.4 A 1.8 9.8 A 1.7 1.7 A 0.6 11.5 A 2.0

Ottawa-Gatineau 4.4 A 1.2 2.9 A 1.4 6.2 A 2.1 86.4 B 2.7 75.2 B 4.4 11.0 B 3.0 10.2 B 3.0 1.7 A 1.0 8.2 B 2.6


Kingston 3.3 A 1.2 2.2 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.7 93.8 A 1.8 70.2 B 4.8 15.1 B 3.9 15.7 B 3.9 3.1 A 2.0 3.6 A 2.1

Hamilton 5.1 B 3.5 0.2 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 94.8 B 3.5 83.9 B 4.7 6.3 B 2.6 7.8 B 4.0 0.7 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.9

St. Catharines-Niagara 1.9 A 0.9 0.6 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 97.5 A 1.0 87.7 B 3.3 7.0 B 2.6 5.9 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 4.6 A 2.3

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 2.0 A 1.2 1.8 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 96.2 A 1.7 86.3 B 4.3 8.4 B 4.0 4.0 A 1.8 5.1 B 3.6 2.9 A 2.0

London 1.0 A 0.7 2.4 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 96.5 A 1.9 78.5 B 4.5 5.0 A 1.8 10.5 B 3.5 3.3 A 1.8 1.2 A 0.9

Windsor 1.2 A 0.9 0.0 A 0.0 1.8 A 1.2 97.0 A 1.5 74.6 C 5.2 3.5 A 1.7 13.6 B 4.3 2.4 A 1.5 1.9 A 1.2

Thunder Bay 9.4 B 3.5 0.9 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 89.7 B 3.5 74.5 B 5.0 10.7 B 4.3 10.8 B 3.0 3.4 A 1.7 5.5 B 3.7

Winnipeg 6.5 A 2.4 0.8 A 0.5 1.6 A 1.2 91.1 B 2.7 77.6 B 4.2 8.7 B 2.9 9.1 B 3.0 3.4 A 1.5 4.7 B 2.7

Calgary 2.9 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 96.7 A 1.1 83.9 B 2.8 8.3 A 2.2 9.3 A 2.3 1.6 A 0.8 4.5 A 1.4

Edmonton 1.1 A 0.5 0.1 A 0.1 0.6 A 0.6 98.3 A 0.8 84.1 B 3.0 4.9 A 1.8 8.3 A 2.2 1.9 A 0.9 4.7 A 1.9

Vancouver 2.1 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.1 A 0.1 97.5 A 0.8 86.7 A 2.4 6.3 A 1.7 10.4 A 2.2 0.8 A 0.5 2.7 A 1.0

Victoria 6.1 B 3.1 2.9 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 91.0 B 3.8 86.6 C 6.1 9.3 C 5.8 3.1 A 2.2 2.0 A 2.0 7.9 C 5.7

0.8 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 99.2 A 0.5 94.4 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.6 1.2 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.1 1.2 A 0.6

5.6 A 1.0 1.3 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.3 92.6 A 1.1 79.2 A 1.8 8.1 A 1.2 9.3 A 1.2 1.7 A 0.4 8.0 A 1.3

6.7 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2 91.7 A 1.1 77.2 A 1.9 10.1 A 1.4 12.6 A 1.5 3.9 A 0.9 6.2 A 1.2

7.3 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.5 91.2 A 1.3 77.9 A 2.0 8.6 A 1.4 10.1 A 1.5 3.8 A 1.0 4.6 A 1.1

1.9 A 0.5 0.2 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.2 97.7 A 0.6 85.9 A 1.6 6.2 A 1.2 8.9 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.8

3.4 A 0.8 0.6 A 0.3 0.1 A 0.0 96.0 A 0.9 82.1 A 2.2 6.7 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.5 3.0 A 1.0 3.8 A 1.0

3.2 A 0.8 1.6 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.7 93.4 A 1.2 70.6 A 2.1 13.6 A 1.6 14.1 A 1.6 3.4 A 0.8 10.2 A 1.4

1.5 A 0.6 0.1 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 98.5 A 0.6 90.7 A 1.2 1.7 A 0.6 2.6 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.3 1.2 A 0.4

2.6 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.1 97.1 A 0.7 84.1 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.0 6.7 A 1.2 0.6 A 0.3 2.6 A 0.6

2.2 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.5 96.1 A 0.8 85.0 A 1.6 5.4 A 1.0 8.0 A 1.2 1.3 A 0.4 2.7 A 0.6

Tourism 4.0 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.3 0.0 A 0.0 95.5 A 1.3 82.2 B 3.6 5.4 A 2.2 8.3 B 2.6 1.7 A 0.8 2.4 A 1.1

Information and Communication 3.7 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.6 4.2 A 1.2 90.9 A 1.5 57.2 B 3.5 16.8 A 2.5 22.0 B 3.1 5.1 A 1.6 16.6 B 2.7

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 2.5 A 1.0 3.2 A 2.2 0.8 A 0.8 93.5 B 2.5 82.9 B 4.0 9.4 B 3.3 10.3 B 3.4 1.5 A 0.7 5.5 B 2.5

Rural 3.0 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 0.4 A 0.2 96.0 A 0.7 84.3 A 1.4 4.9 A 0.8 7.1 A 1.0 1.1 A 0.3 3.5 A 0.7

Urban 3.4 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.2 95.1 A 0.4 81.8 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.5 8.8 A 0.5 2.0 A 0.2 5.0 A 0.4



High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 5.7 A 1.2 1.8 A 0.8 1.3 A 1.0 91.2 A 1.7 76.3 B 2.8 10.8 A 2.3 13.6 A 2.4 1.9 A 0.6 4.7 A 1.2

3.1 A 0.6 0.9 A 0.4 0.3 A 0.2 95.6 A 0.7 81.4 A 2.0 7.4 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.4 1.8 A 0.6 5.9 A 1.3



1.9 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.2 0.5 A 0.3 97.2 A 0.6 78.9 A 2.1 9.7 A 1.5 9.9 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.8 6.1 A 1.3

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 2.3 A 0.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 97.6 A 0.9 80.6 A 2.1 7.6 A 1.4 8.6 A 1.6 2.4 A 0.9 6.6 A 1.4




3.0 A 0.5 1.2 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.4 95.0 A 0.7 74.6 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.4 13.7 A 1.3 2.4 A 0.5 6.5 A 0.9

2.7 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.2 95.2 A 0.8 73.8 A 2.1 14.0 A 1.8 14.1 A 1.8 2.3 A 0.6 8.4 A 1.4

3.5 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.2 94.1 A 1.1 73.9 A 2.1 8.9 A 1.4 14.2 A 1.7 1.8 A 0.5 7.7 A 1.3

4.1 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.2 0.3 A 0.2 95.0 A 0.8 75.3 A 2.1 9.3 A 1.3 13.7 A 1.6 1.8 A 0.5 6.8 A 1.2

3.3 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 94.9 A 0.6 75.2 A 1.3 10.9 A 1.0 13.5 A 1.0 2.3 A 0.4 7.0 A 0.8

3.4 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.2 95.2 A 0.4 85.0 A 0.7 5.5 A 0.5 6.6 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.2 3.9 A 0.4


Holds Formal IP 7.2 A 1.5 1.0 A 0.5 0.9 A 0.6 90.9 A 1.6 77.9 A 2.0 8.6 A 1.2 10.5 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.7 6.1 A 1.1

No IP 2.5 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.2 0.4 A 0.2 96.4 A 0.3 84.2 A 0.7 5.8 A 0.5 7.5 A 0.5 1.4 A 0.2 4.0 A 0.4



Procurement Did business with Federal government 36.5 B 2.7 20.5 A 2.2 13.0 A 1.8 30.0 B 2.6 57.9 C 5.3 21.6 B 4.4 11.3 B 3.3 19.5 B 4.5 6.4 A 1.9

<30 years old 0.6 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2 0.0 A 0.0 99.0 A 0.5 75.7 C 5.3 12.6 B 4.9 9.0 B 2.6 3.4 A 1.8 9.3 B 3.2




65+ years old 3.5 A 0.6 0.8 A 0.2 0.2 A 0.2 95.6 A 0.7 84.0 A 1.5 7.5 A 1.2 6.9 A 1.0 1.8 A 0.5 2.8 A 0.7

Less than high school 2.1 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.0 97.7 A 0.7 87.9 A 1.9 3.9 A 1.1 5.2 A 1.3 0.9 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.8







0% 3.6 A 0.4 0.9 A 0.2 0.8 A 0.2 94.7 A 0.5 80.3 A 0.9 8.2 A 0.6 9.9 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.3 5.7 A 0.5

1% to 49% 4.8 A 0.8 1.2 A 0.4 0.1 A 0.1 93.9 A 0.9 80.9 A 2.0 6.6 A 1.2 8.2 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.7 4.8 A 1.1

50% 2.9 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.2 0.4 A 0.2 96.1 A 0.7 82.8 A 1.3 6.0 A 0.8 8.0 A 0.9 2.5 A 0.5 4.3 A 0.8

51% to 99% 1.0 A 0.5 1.3 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 97.6 A 1.0 90.8 A 2.3 4.4 A 1.8 5.2 A 1.9 0.5 A 0.4 1.3 A 0.7

100% 2.1 A 0.7 0.3 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.3 97.0 A 0.8 88.5 A 1.4 4.4 A 0.9 4.7 A 1.0 0.9 A 0.3 2.0 A 0.5

Potential Borrowers1.0 A 0.4 0.4 A 0.2 3.0 A 1.8 95.6 A 1.8 77.1 B 3.1 12.4 B 2.6 8.4 A 2.1 3.3 A 1.5 6.6 A 1.6


5.8 B 2.8 0.2 A 0.1 2.6 B 2.5 91.4 B 3.6 68.1 B 4.8 13.7 B 3.4 19.9 B 4.3 5.8 A 1.7 7.2 B 2.9


Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 14.3 A 1.6 3.0 A 0.8 0.7 A 0.5 81.9 A 1.7 71.2 A 2.2 12.8 A 1.7 12.8 A 1.6 2.0 A 0.6 6.3 A 1.2



For-profit 8.1 A 2.2 1.2 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.6 90.2 A 2.3 80.5 B 2.9 9.0 A 2.1 10.4 A 2.3 4.0 A 1.5 7.1 A 2.1

3.5 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.2 94.9 A 0.4 81.5 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.5 8.8 A 0.5 2.1 A 0.2 5.1 A 0.4

2.3 A 0.7 0.2 A 0.1 0.0 A 0.0 97.5 A 0.7 87.1 A 1.4 3.4 A 0.8 6.5 A 1.1 0.4 A 0.2 2.4 A 0.6


Age of Business




Location

Export Status


Between 1% and 10% of all sales

Between 11% and 50% of all sales

Sales to the federal government

Employment Size

Region

Unaware of contracting

opportunities

Applied for a contract but was

unsuccessful

Reason for not selling to the federal government

OtherMore than 50% of all

salesDid not sell to the

federal governmentFederal government not a potential client

Application process too complicated or

time consuming


Table 26: Federal Government ProcurementSurvey question(s):I.12 Over the last 3 years, what percentage of your total sales was generated from contracts with the federal government? I.13 Which of the following were reasons your business did not sell to the federal government in the last 3 years? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:I.12 is applicable to all respondents.I.13 is applicable only to those who did not sell to the Federal government.


CMA Level

Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS 54)Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real









Place of birth

Social Enterprises




Female Ownership

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 21.2 A 2.5 41.8 B 3.1 30.7 B 3.1 19.1 B 2.5 12.3 A 1.9 19.9 B 2.6 15.3 A 2.2 14.6 A 2.3

1 to 4 employees 29.0 C 5.0 51.0 C 5.4 40.1 C 5.5 17.1 B 4.4 13.9 B 3.1 23.9 B 4.6 18.0 B 4.2 17.9 B 4.3

5 to 19 employees 16.2 B 3.1 40.1 C 5.1 27.1 B 4.8 23.8 B 4.3 14.0 B 3.5 19.8 B 4.3 15.3 B 3.4 14.8 B 3.5

20 to 99 employees 15.2 B 3.2 27.2 B 4.2 20.6 C 6.4 12.6 B 3.4 6.5 A 1.9 12.1 B 3.0 10.9 B 2.8 8.9 B 3.5

100 to 499 employees 20.0 C 5.2 33.9 C 6.0 17.8 C 5.3 27.9 C 6.1 6.6 B 4.1 17.9 C 5.8 8.1 B 4.0 4.8 A 2.4

Atlantic 22.6 C 5.3 34.0 C 5.7 26.9 C 5.5 22.9 C 5.3 5.9 A 2.2 15.8 B 4.5 12.3 B 4.5 11.4 B 4.3

Quebec 6.8 B 2.6 34.1 D 7.9 27.6 C 7.5 12.9 B 4.4 15.1 C 5.6 27.6 D 7.8 11.7 C 5.1 9.0 B 3.6

Ontario 28.6 B 4.9 56.5 C 5.1 37.0 C 5.4 21.9 B 4.7 12.8 B 2.8 20.2 B 4.2 15.7 B 3.7 18.4 B 4.5

Northern Ontario 25.6 E 10.4 46.5 E 10.1 34.5 E 10.0 37.0 D 9.9 25.3 D 8.9 22.3 D 7.9 25.0 D 9.2 17.3 E 10.6

Southern Ontario 28.8 C 5.1 57.1 C 5.4 37.1 C 5.7 21.0 B 5.0 12.0 B 2.9 20.1 B 4.4 15.1 B 3.9 18.5 B 4.7

Prairies 18.4 C 5.0 30.0 C 6.4 35.3 D 8.2 17.1 C 5.8 15.1 C 5.4 21.5 C 6.1 14.4 B 4.9 13.4 B 4.5

Manitoba 12.9 C 6.6 14.2 C 6.7 13.0 C 6.4 4.1 B 3.8 17.4 D 9.5 12.9 D 8.6 4.3 B 3.3 0.0 A 0.0

Saskatchewan 21.0 E 11.2 49.3 E 12.4 47.3 E 12.5 18.4 D 9.3 26.2 E 11.6 45.2 E 12.7 17.0 D 8.9 17.0 D 8.9

Alberta 19.5 C 7.3 28.0 D 9.3 39.4 E 12.7 21.9 D 9.5 9.1 D 7.5 14.6 D 7.9 17.4 D 8.0 17.3 C 7.4

British Columbia and Territories 20.9 C 6.3 31.1 C 7.3 15.3 C 5.1 18.1 C 6.3 9.8 B 4.4 11.1 B 4.2 22.8 C 6.9 15.2 C 6.0

St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 60.7 F 32.3 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 39.3 F 32.3 60.7 F 32.3

Halifax 44.0 F 16.6 45.0 F 16.5 45.0 F 16.5 38.7 F 16.8 6.8 B 4.9 32.5 F 16.6 39.0 F 16.8 19.1 E 11.2

Quebec 13.5 E 12.6 39.0 F 17.7 2.6 A 2.2 29.5 F 17.5 0.0 A 0.0 2.1 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Montreal 4.7 B 2.8 35.3 E 11.5 35.4 E 11.1 12.6 C 6.4 14.7 D 8.0 34.4 E 11.6 10.7 D 7.6 9.0 B 4.9

Ottawa-Gatineau 21.0 D 7.5 57.5 D 9.5 38.3 E 10.7 22.4 D 9.5 9.0 C 5.1 25.8 D 9.1 12.0 C 5.0 13.8 C 6.3

Toronto 33.8 D 9.2 60.0 D 9.0 47.0 D 9.4 22.5 D 8.7 13.7 C 5.1 20.9 D 7.6 20.1 D 7.6 20.7 D 8.0

Kingston 51.3 E 14.3 51.9 E 14.8 22.1 E 11.2 27.8 E 12.7 19.5 E 10.2 17.0 D 9.9 34.4 E 13.5 10.2 D 8.7

Hamilton 30.5 F 22.4 88.1 D 9.1 26.5 F 21.2 21.4 F 20.2 23.6 F 20.6 22.0 F 20.3 2.5 B 2.6 7.2 C 7.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 0.4 A 0.2 54.8 F 20.0 43.8 F 21.9 12.2 E 11.8 0.0 A 0.0 11.9 E 11.9 12.2 E 11.8 0.4 A 0.2

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 23.5 F 15.8 28.3 F 17.7 33.1 F 19.6 43.1 F 21.9 18.9 F 16.8 9.4 D 9.3 18.9 F 16.8 0.0 A 0.0

London 51.7 F 21.6 62.3 F 19.7 30.4 F 16.0 31.5 F 18.3 11.6 E 11.5 49.7 F 21.5 31.5 F 18.3 19.2 F 17.0

Windsor 58.5 F 24.0 59.5 F 24.0 4.4 B 4.5 4.4 B 4.5 14.8 E 11.7 10.4 E 10.4 26.1 F 21.9 0.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 4.7 B 3.6 53.6 F 15.2 35.4 F 16.8 34.8 F 17.1 38.2 F 16.2 39.5 F 16.1 32.1 F 17.2 2.0 A 1.3

Winnipeg 14.0 C 7.2 15.3 C 7.4 14.1 C 7.0 0.3 A 0.3 18.9 E 10.3 14.0 D 9.3 4.7 B 3.5 0.0 A 0.0

Calgary 28.5 E 12.9 32.7 E 13.2 22.1 E 12.4 8.3 C 6.1 2.2 A 1.8 10.5 C 6.4 6.3 B 4.8 8.1 C 5.4

Edmonton 35.6 F 20.7 20.5 F 18.6 39.8 F 25.1 40.0 F 25.0 39.8 F 25.1 39.8 F 25.1 20.5 F 18.6 17.5 E 12.7

Vancouver 34.6 E 12.9 56.3 E 14.2 45.6 E 13.8 6.8 B 4.6 27.8 E 12.8 21.7 E 10.4 45.0 E 14.1 34.2 E 13.6

Victoria 16.0 E 10.8 41.8 F 19.2 10.7 D 9.2 21.4 F 17.1 9.0 D 8.9 20.4 E 13.7 22.0 E 13.9 30.4 F 18.9

20.7 F 17.7 71.3 F 18.8 88.9 C 6.9 8.6 C 6.1 5.3 B 4.6 69.7 F 19.0 1.6 A 1.9 18.5 F 17.2

12.7 B 3.7 26.5 C 5.3 25.0 C 6.0 16.6 B 4.2 4.5 A 1.8 6.8 A 2.1 8.9 B 3.0 14.3 C 5.1

19.7 B 4.4 43.7 C 6.4 28.5 C 6.1 11.2 B 3.7 14.2 B 4.6 16.6 B 5.0 15.6 C 5.2 6.9 B 3.7

23.8 C 6.3 49.7 C 7.0 31.5 C 7.1 13.3 C 5.1 20.5 C 6.2 29.4 C 6.6 25.4 C 6.9 29.0 C 7.2

29.1 E 10.0 48.7 E 11.5 24.4 E 10.4 30.1 E 11.2 22.4 D 9.5 39.0 E 11.4 16.1 D 8.1 16.7 D 8.0

15.6 C 6.3 37.3 E 10.8 5.9 B 4.5 35.3 D 9.8 2.6 A 1.1 9.6 C 6.6 8.7 C 6.2 1.1 A 0.6

33.5 C 6.7 60.6 C 7.1 50.5 D 7.5 19.9 C 5.6 21.7 C 5.7 36.2 D 7.5 24.0 C 6.3 13.5 B 4.1

13.1 D 10.0 14.6 E 10.2 0.0 A 0.0 14.6 E 10.2 3.1 B 3.2 3.1 B 3.2 13.1 D 10.0 0.0 A 0.0

17.9 D 8.0 20.8 D 8.3 13.3 C 7.1 5.4 B 4.3 6.4 C 5.8 6.7 C 5.8 9.4 C 6.3 35.1 E 11.2

15.5 D 8.4 36.2 D 9.6 23.1 E 10.0 27.6 D 9.7 6.2 B 3.5 9.7 B 4.0 10.3 C 5.3 14.0 D 8.4

Tourism 10.8 C 7.3 31.2 E 14.2 0.7 A 0.4 37.7 E 13.5 2.8 A 2.4 3.7 B 2.5 9.5 C 7.2 0.5 A 0.4

Information and Communication 43.0 C 7.4 58.2 C 7.4 36.6 C 7.0 17.0 C 5.6 10.3 B 3.8 21.1 C 5.3 18.0 C 5.8 12.7 B 5.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 18.2 D 8.6 12.2 C 6.3 10.7 C 5.9 5.6 B 3.8 3.2 A 2.3 3.9 A 2.5 9.0 C 5.5 11.2 C 6.1

Rural 14.8 B 4.5 37.7 D 7.9 27.9 D 8.2 21.1 C 5.3 3.9 A 1.6 12.4 B 3.9 8.4 B 3.7 9.3 B 4.0

Urban 22.4 B 2.8 42.5 B 3.4 31.3 B 3.4 18.8 B 2.8 13.8 A 2.2 21.3 B 2.9 16.6 A 2.5 15.5 B 2.6

Exporter 30.9 C 6.6 58.2 C 6.5 27.6 C 6.6 17.2 B 4.5 14.3 C 5.1 28.2 C 7.1 24.5 C 6.9 11.2 B 3.4

Non-exporter 18.9 B 2.6 37.8 B 3.4 31.5 B 3.5 19.6 B 2.9 11.8 A 2.0 17.9 B 2.6 13.1 A 2.1 15.4 B 2.7

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 15.3 C 5.4 41.9 D 9.3 27.8 D 9.2 11.7 B 4.7 9.2 B 4.2 28.5 D 9.1 7.8 B 3.7 9.3 B 4.1

24.9 C 6.0 48.7 D 8.1 30.6 D 8.2 25.0 D 8.2 18.3 C 5.1 17.4 C 5.1 10.2 B 3.5 16.5 C 6.6

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 15.2 B 2.6 36.1 B 4.4 22.4 B 3.9 18.2 B 3.4 11.8 B 2.8 17.2 B 3.2 16.1 B 3.2 15.2 B 3.2

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 21.0 C 6.1 39.2 D 8.0 41.8 D 8.7 15.2 C 5.1 6.4 B 3.6 14.7 C 5.5 15.9 C 5.0 3.2 A 1.9

24.5 C 7.3 35.3 D 8.7 40.1 D 9.5 20.4 D 8.6 29.2 D 9.3 24.3 D 8.7 17.5 C 7.4 22.2 D 8.2

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 50.0 E 14.9 76.3 E 10.9 40.4 F 15.9 24.2 E 11.7 5.1 B 3.8 41.7 F 15.7 36.3 F 16.6 19.1 D 9.5

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 29.7 C 6.2 55.0 C 6.6 40.0 C 7.1 23.0 C 6.4 8.5 B 2.9 18.5 C 5.6 9.3 B 2.9 19.0 C 6.1

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 18.5 B 4.2 40.0 C 5.9 31.2 C 6.0 22.0 B 5.0 13.3 B 3.9 22.0 B 4.8 15.3 B 3.8 14.0 B 4.2

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 14.6 B 2.5 31.1 B 3.8 23.9 B 3.9 14.2 B 2.7 14.7 B 3.1 16.4 B 3.1 16.1 B 3.3 12.0 B 2.7

29.8 C 5.9 52.4 C 6.6 35.8 C 6.9 28.9 C 6.0 17.7 C 5.1 30.4 C 6.8 14.2 B 4.3 16.6 B 4.8

29.2 C 7.1 40.7 D 7.7 17.3 C 5.5 17.4 C 5.4 17.1 C 5.9 20.1 C 5.6 11.1 B 4.7 15.3 C 5.8

18.5 C 5.4 32.5 C 7.3 10.4 B 3.3 18.5 C 6.0 7.3 B 3.0 10.5 B 3.5 13.0 B 4.5 17.6 C 7.3

22.3 C 5.7 40.7 C 7.1 22.7 C 5.8 22.5 C 6.3 10.4 B 4.5 18.9 C 5.2 16.9 C 5.4 14.9 C 5.1

24.9 B 4.2 45.5 C 5.4 29.1 C 5.1 23.6 B 4.4 14.5 B 3.6 25.0 B 4.9 15.4 B 3.4 16.2 B 4.2

19.5 B 3.2 40.7 B 4.0 31.8 B 4.0 17.6 B 3.2 10.9 A 2.2 17.2 B 3.0 15.5 B 2.9 13.6 B 2.8

Holds IP 25.0 B 3.8 50.7 B 4.6 36.5 B 4.8 17.6 B 3.4 15.6 B 3.1 24.8 B 4.3 21.2 B 3.8 18.0 B 3.5

Holds Formal IP 21.9 C 7.3 51.2 D 8.9 36.4 D 9.4 6.1 A 2.0 11.7 C 5.3 29.9 D 8.8 21.2 D 8.0 1.1 A 0.5

No IP 17.8 B 3.4 34.4 B 4.1 25.8 B 4.0 21.3 B 3.8 8.8 A 2.3 14.9 B 2.8 10.1 A 2.4 11.2 B 3.1

Not familiar with any type of IP 21.4 B 2.6 42.1 B 3.4 30.8 B 3.3 18.7 B 2.6 12.8 A 2.1 21.1 B 2.9 16.0 A 2.4 14.0 A 2.2

Familiar with at least one type of IP 19.8 D 9.2 42.9 D 9.8 31.9 E 10.6 25.4 D 9.6 7.2 B 3.8 10.5 B 4.6 11.8 C 5.4 17.6 D 9.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 21.0 B 2.6 51.6 B 3.2 29.7 B 2.9 22.4 B 2.7 15.8 A 2.3 21.8 B 2.6 15.1 A 2.2 17.0 A 2.3

<30 years old 79.0 F 15.2 82.7 E 12.5 80.2 E 13.1 30.3 F 18.4 7.0 C 6.3 41.3 F 20.7 25.9 F 17.8 11.3 D 8.2

30 to 39 years old 18.6 C 5.8 54.2 E 10.4 50.0 E 10.3 35.3 E 10.3 16.5 C 7.1 27.9 D 8.4 9.6 B 4.7 17.6 C 6.7

40 to 49 years old 23.8 C 5.6 49.0 C 6.4 25.7 C 6.2 21.8 C 5.5 12.2 B 3.9 19.3 C 5.4 18.6 B 4.6 12.7 B 5.0

50 to 64 years old 21.0 B 3.5 36.0 B 4.3 29.0 B 4.3 12.5 B 2.5 11.6 A 2.5 19.0 B 3.6 13.5 B 3.2 13.8 B 3.1

65+ years old 13.3 B 4.1 32.6 C 6.7 26.1 C 6.2 23.2 C 6.4 11.5 B 4.0 14.9 B 4.8 20.4 C 6.4 20.0 C 6.2

Less than high school 8.1 B 4.5 11.7 C 5.5 8.2 B 4.5 17.1 D 8.2 2.4 A 1.9 2.2 A 1.8 1.9 A 1.9 19.8 F 16.6

High school 11.2 B 3.8 30.0 C 6.1 25.9 C 6.1 13.0 B 4.3 12.1 B 4.4 18.4 C 5.3 8.2 B 3.6 11.7 B 4.4

College/Cegep/Trade School 16.5 B 3.6 33.0 C 5.3 29.4 C 5.7 18.5 B 4.2 13.2 B 3.5 19.6 B 4.7 13.5 B 3.5 15.7 B 4.1

Bachelor's degree 21.1 B 3.8 48.6 C 5.4 35.5 C 5.5 22.4 B 4.5 11.9 B 2.9 23.5 B 4.5 15.8 B 3.4 9.6 B 2.7

Master's degree or above 39.4 D 7.9 61.1 C 7.0 33.7 D 8.2 21.1 C 7.3 13.0 B 4.9 19.3 C 6.8 25.7 C 7.1 21.3 C 6.8

In Canada 20.3 B 2.6 39.1 B 3.4 29.2 B 3.4 21.1 B 3.0 12.1 A 2.0 18.6 A 2.5 14.0 A 2.1 15.4 B 2.7

Outside Canada 24.9 C 6.5 51.9 C 7.3 36.9 D 7.5 11.3 B 3.4 13.2 B 4.7 24.9 D 7.6 20.4 C 6.8 11.6 B 4.0

0% 21.7 B 3.4 43.6 B 4.2 33.5 B 4.2 21.5 B 3.6 13.8 B 2.6 19.0 B 3.5 15.3 B 3.1 16.3 B 3.3

1% to 49% 19.7 C 5.2 36.3 C 6.9 24.6 C 6.0 18.9 C 5.6 8.6 B 3.4 21.3 C 5.6 13.7 B 4.5 9.6 B 3.8

50% 20.5 C 5.3 37.2 C 7.3 31.7 D 8.1 14.0 B 4.6 14.4 B 4.9 23.5 C 6.3 12.4 B 4.1 12.5 B 4.3

51% to 99% 4.4 B 3.0 67.8 F 15.7 16.8 E 11.9 6.0 B 3.7 29.0 F 16.5 42.6 F 19.5 27.9 F 15.6 12.0 E 11.4

100% 23.9 D 8.7 42.1 E 11.7 20.6 D 8.0 15.1 C 6.8 0.5 A 0.5 14.1 C 6.6 21.6 D 8.0 14.5 C 7.2

Potential Borrowers8.4 C 5.2 67.9 E 13.8 72.4 E 11.4 21.2 E 12.1 1.6 A 1.2 62.4 F 15.3 17.0 E 11.6 12.1 E 10.7


44.7 F 18.3 51.1 F 18.3 42.8 F 18.3 42.5 F 18.4 4.9 B 3.8 8.4 B 4.9 5.6 B 4.4 33.7 F 18.7

Co-operatives Co-operatives 10.3 C 5.0 29.1 D 7.5 40.4 D 9.1 38.1 D 9.0 30.2 D 8.9 33.9 D 8.9 14.0 C 5.4 10.3 C 5.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 31.7 B 4.9 51.1 C 5.0 35.2 B 4.7 17.3 B 3.2 22.5 B 4.4 26.8 B 4.1 16.7 B 3.6 17.0 B 4.0

Not-for-profit 30.8 C 5.3 39.5 C 5.2 11.2 B 4.0 22.4 B 4.6 8.7 A 1.7 38.4 C 5.3 36.1 C 5.6 19.3 C 5.3

Charity 18.8 B 3.7 46.9 C 5.7 20.7 B 4.8 11.9 A 2.4 11.3 A 1.6 8.1 B 4.3 20.7 B 4.8 6.3 A 2.2

For-profit 6.4 B 3.5 45.7 E 12.3 13.1 C 6.7 28.6 E 10.9 0.8 A 0.8 2.4 A 1.5 20.9 D 8.6 10.0 C 6.2

20.5 B 2.6 41.5 B 3.2 31.4 B 3.2 19.6 B 2.6 12.2 A 1.9 20.1 B 2.7 15.8 A 2.3 15.3 A 2.4

32.1 E 10.6 46.8 E 12.8 20.5 D 8.3 11.8 C 5.2 13.6 C 7.5 16.4 D 7.8 8.6 B 4.3 4.0 A 2.5


Social Enterprises


Table 27: Obstacles to Federal Government ProcurementSurvey question(s):I.15 Has your business investigated the process for applying for a federal government contract over the last three years? I.16 Which of the following were obstacles that your business faced when selling to the federal government? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:I.15 is applicable to those that did not apply on federal government contracts because the process was too complicated.I.16 is applicable to those that sold to the federal government and those that did not sell but investigated the process for applying for federal government contracts.


Obstacles when selling to the federal government

Difficulty meeting all contracting

requirementsOther

Long delays in receiving payment

Difficulty providing all services required

in contract

Complexity of contracting process

Region

High costs associated with the contracting

process

Lack of communication after

the application submitted


Export Status


Age of Business




CMA Level

Difficulties in finding contracting

opportunities




Location

Employment Size







Place of birth

Female Ownership




% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 29.3 A 0.7 21.0 A 0.6 16.1 A 0.6 7.4 A 0.4 9.4 A 0.5 11.8 A 0.5 46.3 A 0.8 46.4 A 0.8 53.6 A 0.8 8.5 A 0.6 93.1 A 0.5 31.6 A 1.0

1 to 4 employees 26.1 A 1.0 16.1 A 0.8 11.7 A 0.7 4.0 A 0.5 7.6 A 0.6 11.2 A 0.7 40.4 A 1.1 60.4 A 1.1 39.6 A 1.1 9.8 A 1.3 92.7 A 0.9 30.7 A 1.7



100 to 499 employees 50.1 B 3.4 50.6 B 3.4 35.6 B 3.1 32.7 B 2.9 31.7 B 3.1 11.4 A 1.5 78.8 A 2.4 14.4 B 2.8 85.6 B 2.8 6.0 A 1.1 97.5 A 0.6 33.4 B 3.6

Atlantic 15.9 A 1.6 13.4 A 1.8 13.1 A 1.6 2.2 A 0.5 4.3 A 0.9 12.2 A 1.6 36.5 A 2.3 59.0 A 2.2 41.0 A 2.2 12.3 A 2.5 87.2 B 2.6 24.9 B 2.8

Quebec 26.6 A 1.6 21.7 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.4 13.3 A 1.2 11.1 A 1.2 10.0 A 1.0 46.6 A 1.8 45.8 A 1.8 54.2 A 1.8 11.4 A 1.9 91.5 A 1.4 26.6 A 2.4

Ontario 32.9 A 1.2 23.9 A 1.1 16.6 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.6 11.3 A 0.8 12.2 A 0.8 49.6 A 1.2 40.6 A 1.2 59.4 A 1.2 7.2 A 0.8 93.8 A 0.7 31.9 A 1.5

Northern Ontario 25.0 A 2.4 17.8 A 2.2 12.0 A 1.7 5.1 A 1.5 4.5 A 1.0 8.7 A 1.5 43.2 B 2.8 43.5 B 2.9 56.5 B 2.9 6.4 A 2.4 92.4 A 2.0 30.1 B 3.5

Southern Ontario 33.4 A 1.3 24.3 A 1.1 16.9 A 0.9 7.2 A 0.6 11.7 A 0.8 12.4 A 0.9 50.0 A 1.3 40.4 A 1.3 59.6 A 1.3 7.3 A 0.8 93.9 A 0.7 32.0 A 1.5

Prairies 24.1 A 1.4 16.1 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.2 3.9 A 0.6 5.3 A 0.7 11.9 A 1.1 39.4 A 1.6 54.4 A 1.7 45.6 A 1.7 4.9 A 1.0 95.0 A 1.2 39.9 B 2.6

Manitoba 26.7 B 3.3 17.6 B 2.8 14.3 B 2.7 3.7 A 1.1 5.4 A 1.5 14.1 A 2.4 43.7 B 3.6 53.2 B 3.5 46.8 B 3.5 5.3 A 2.1 93.7 B 2.5 32.4 B 4.9

Saskatchewan 17.4 A 2.4 11.5 A 2.2 11.1 A 2.1 4.8 A 1.4 3.2 A 1.1 11.9 A 2.1 31.8 B 3.1 60.9 B 3.3 39.1 B 3.3 4.7 A 1.8 93.8 B 3.2 40.9 C 5.3

Alberta 25.1 A 1.8 16.9 A 1.6 12.9 A 1.5 3.8 A 0.8 5.8 A 0.9 11.5 A 1.5 40.2 A 2.1 53.1 A 2.2 46.9 A 2.2 4.9 A 1.2 95.5 A 1.5 41.3 B 3.3

British Columbia and Territories 36.6 A 2.2 22.7 A 1.9 16.5 A 1.6 6.3 A 1.1 10.1 A 1.2 13.2 A 1.6 50.8 A 2.2 45.3 A 2.3 54.7 A 2.3 10.3 A 1.8 93.4 A 1.6 31.1 B 3.0

St. John's 16.4 C 5.8 29.4 D 9.6 10.5 B 4.8 2.7 A 2.2 7.0 B 4.1 14.9 D 8.0 46.2 D 9.2 65.0 D 8.5 35.0 D 8.5 9.1 C 7.0 78.6 F 16.3 22.9 E 10.2

Halifax 24.8 B 4.8 22.1 C 5.7 22.0 B 4.8 3.4 A 1.6 9.0 B 3.2 10.0 B 3.5 45.7 C 6.5 47.8 C 6.1 52.2 C 6.1 17.5 C 6.4 94.1 B 3.5 33.5 C 6.9

Quebec 24.5 B 4.9 24.1 B 4.8 17.6 B 4.3 12.9 B 3.5 11.6 B 3.3 6.4 A 2.3 41.1 C 6.2 42.2 C 7.0 57.8 C 7.0 9.0 B 4.0 94.3 B 3.8 38.9 D 9.3

Montreal 31.8 B 2.5 22.5 A 2.1 20.6 A 2.4 13.7 A 1.8 14.3 A 2.0 11.0 A 1.7 50.8 B 2.8 38.6 B 2.6 61.4 B 2.6 10.9 A 2.4 89.8 A 2.2 26.9 B 3.0

Ottawa-Gatineau 44.7 B 4.6 38.7 B 4.9 30.3 B 4.5 10.9 B 2.5 21.6 B 3.5 17.5 B 4.0 62.5 B 4.7 35.4 B 4.5 64.6 B 4.5 5.4 A 1.7 97.2 A 0.9 44.2 C 5.6

Toronto 35.6 A 2.0 24.3 A 1.7 17.2 A 1.4 7.4 A 1.0 13.8 A 1.5 12.0 A 1.3 51.7 A 2.1 41.5 A 2.1 58.5 A 2.1 7.6 A 1.2 92.6 A 1.2 32.1 A 2.4

Kingston 25.8 B 4.2 20.3 B 4.2 14.8 B 3.2 3.6 A 1.8 6.8 B 2.6 15.8 B 3.6 42.8 B 4.9 43.2 C 5.2 56.8 C 5.2 12.4 C 5.1 93.5 B 2.9 38.7 C 6.0

Hamilton 40.6 C 6.1 27.5 C 5.8 9.9 B 2.8 7.1 B 2.7 8.1 B 2.9 11.6 B 3.6 52.4 C 6.1 23.7 B 4.9 76.3 B 4.9 11.8 C 5.5 95.7 A 1.9 27.0 C 6.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 21.3 C 5.2 21.2 B 4.8 12.9 B 3.2 6.1 A 2.1 11.4 B 4.4 18.8 C 5.2 50.5 C 5.5 48.3 C 6.1 51.7 C 6.1 7.8 B 3.4 96.9 A 1.5 31.5 D 8.4

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 33.1 C 5.6 27.9 C 5.3 23.4 B 4.9 16.3 B 4.4 16.1 B 4.5 10.8 B 3.1 50.1 C 5.3 32.5 C 5.3 67.5 C 5.3 4.9 A 1.9 89.0 B 4.2 41.0 C 6.8

London 25.0 B 4.1 14.5 B 3.2 12.7 B 3.2 7.3 A 2.5 6.9 A 2.4 12.7 B 4.3 41.9 C 5.6 38.3 C 5.4 61.7 C 5.4 4.9 A 2.3 93.8 B 3.1 39.5 C 7.1

Windsor 33.1 C 5.6 30.1 C 5.5 21.8 B 4.5 7.7 B 2.9 12.1 B 3.4 15.1 B 3.5 57.1 C 5.9 34.6 C 5.8 65.4 C 5.8 5.2 B 2.9 96.0 A 1.8 33.2 C 6.3

Thunder Bay 27.0 B 4.6 18.1 B 4.3 10.1 B 2.6 6.3 B 3.1 8.9 B 3.3 11.9 B 3.4 48.2 C 5.5 44.2 C 5.4 55.8 C 5.4 1.2 A 1.0 94.0 A 2.3 33.7 C 6.9

Winnipeg 29.6 B 4.3 20.1 B 3.8 14.4 B 3.4 4.2 A 1.5 7.2 A 2.3 14.6 B 3.0 46.1 B 4.6 46.2 B 4.6 53.8 B 4.6 5.5 B 2.6 94.8 B 2.9 34.8 C 5.9

Calgary 38.5 B 4.0 21.4 B 3.6 18.1 B 3.5 4.6 A 1.3 7.1 A 1.9 10.9 A 2.4 49.0 B 4.1 46.0 B 4.1 54.0 B 4.1 3.5 A 1.3 98.5 A 0.7 48.1 C 5.4

Edmonton 21.2 B 3.5 20.4 B 3.6 14.0 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.6 7.1 A 2.0 20.0 B 3.9 46.3 B 4.3 52.4 B 4.3 47.6 B 4.3 4.7 A 2.4 98.4 A 0.9 44.3 C 6.2

Vancouver 46.9 B 3.4 26.9 B 3.1 21.3 B 2.8 9.5 A 1.8 15.5 A 2.2 15.0 A 2.4 60.5 B 3.2 39.6 B 3.3 60.4 B 3.3 11.9 B 2.8 94.1 A 1.9 30.2 B 3.9

Victoria 32.9 D 7.6 19.2 C 6.0 13.1 B 4.5 1.5 A 0.9 8.1 B 3.4 15.0 C 6.2 48.8 D 8.5 40.0 D 8.4 60.0 D 8.4 10.3 C 5.2 93.0 B 4.5 22.6 D 10.0

14.3 A 1.6 16.7 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.4 5.5 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.5 11.1 A 1.5 33.2 A 2.2 77.3 A 2.1 22.7 A 2.1 12.0 B 3.5 84.5 B 3.9 28.1 B 4.9

22.6 A 1.9 9.7 A 1.3 7.9 A 1.2 4.0 A 0.9 3.7 A 0.7 6.6 A 1.1 31.0 A 2.1 53.5 A 2.3 46.5 A 2.3 4.7 A 1.2 94.5 A 1.5 36.4 B 3.5

31.9 A 2.1 21.0 A 1.8 17.4 A 1.6 16.4 A 1.4 13.1 A 1.5 12.8 A 1.5 53.3 A 2.3 28.1 A 2.0 71.9 A 2.0 8.6 A 1.6 93.7 A 1.3 31.8 A 2.4

31.6 A 2.1 24.6 A 1.9 23.8 A 1.9 13.9 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.5 13.1 A 1.6 52.9 A 2.2 34.6 A 2.1 65.4 A 2.1 5.6 A 1.2 96.1 A 0.8 38.7 B 2.7

19.4 A 1.8 19.8 A 1.8 19.8 A 1.9 8.1 A 1.3 5.9 A 1.0 12.4 A 1.7 43.3 A 2.4 36.2 A 2.2 63.8 A 2.2 12.8 A 2.2 89.8 A 1.8 26.1 B 2.5

16.7 A 1.7 11.4 A 1.7 9.3 A 1.4 4.2 A 0.9 6.5 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.6 33.2 A 2.3 70.3 A 2.1 29.7 A 2.1 8.2 B 2.8 93.4 B 2.6 35.3 B 4.2

55.1 A 2.2 38.1 A 2.1 26.6 A 1.9 11.6 A 1.4 26.6 A 2.0 19.6 A 1.8 71.3 A 2.0 40.8 A 2.1 59.2 A 2.1 9.4 A 2.0 93.6 A 1.4 30.1 B 2.7

19.5 A 1.8 20.1 A 1.8 12.6 A 1.5 5.7 A 1.0 5.1 A 1.0 9.3 A 1.3 37.2 A 2.2 38.1 A 2.3 61.9 A 2.3 14.0 A 2.3 86.0 A 2.2 20.5 A 2.2

20.2 A 1.8 15.5 A 1.6 14.6 A 1.6 4.2 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.7 9.3 A 1.4 37.2 A 2.3 44.7 A 2.4 55.3 A 2.4 7.7 A 1.9 95.6 A 1.1 27.7 B 2.7

36.0 A 2.2 24.1 A 1.9 17.4 A 1.7 5.7 A 1.1 9.1 A 1.3 12.1 A 1.4 53.6 A 2.3 46.4 A 2.2 53.6 A 2.2 5.8 A 1.5 96.4 A 1.1 37.4 B 3.0

Tourism 30.2 B 4.1 28.8 B 4.2 14.5 B 2.6 4.1 A 1.1 12.4 B 3.5 12.7 B 2.9 54.2 B 4.1 28.4 B 4.0 71.6 B 4.0 11.1 B 2.6 92.1 B 2.8 40.0 C 5.0

Information and Communication 67.1 B 3.2 55.2 B 3.3 39.2 B 3.2 24.7 B 2.6 57.6 B 3.3 28.3 B 3.0 88.2 A 2.3 38.3 B 3.2 61.7 B 3.2 6.5 A 1.7 94.6 A 2.2 38.6 B 4.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 56.8 C 5.3 27.9 B 4.7 21.0 B 4.4 7.1 A 2.3 18.2 B 4.0 20.4 B 4.5 69.8 B 4.7 49.3 C 5.4 50.7 C 5.4 9.6 C 5.2 95.6 B 3.5 32.7 C 6.7

Rural 18.5 A 1.4 16.1 A 1.3 9.6 A 0.9 4.8 A 0.7 4.3 A 0.7 10.1 A 1.0 33.9 A 1.6 59.0 A 1.7 41.0 A 1.7 8.0 A 1.7 91.4 A 1.6 27.2 A 2.3

Urban 31.9 A 0.8 22.2 A 0.7 17.7 A 0.7 8.0 A 0.5 10.7 A 0.5 12.2 A 0.6 49.3 A 0.9 43.4 A 0.9 56.6 A 0.9 8.6 A 0.7 93.4 A 0.6 32.3 A 1.1

Exporter 51.1 A 2.2 37.3 A 2.1 27.1 A 1.9 14.5 A 1.3 21.9 A 1.8 18.4 A 1.9 68.2 A 2.0 23.1 A 1.9 76.9 A 1.9 13.3 A 2.2 94.0 A 1.1 36.5 A 2.4

Non-exporter 26.4 A 0.8 18.8 A 0.7 14.7 A 0.6 6.4 A 0.4 7.8 A 0.5 10.9 A 0.5 43.4 A 0.8 49.5 A 0.8 50.5 A 0.8 7.6 A 0.6 92.9 A 0.6 30.6 A 1.2

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 45.9 B 3.0 32.9 B 2.9 26.1 B 2.7 13.5 A 2.3 17.4 A 2.3 17.0 A 2.4 64.2 B 2.8 34.6 B 3.0 65.4 B 3.0 7.0 A 2.0 94.7 A 1.9 42.3 B 3.7

32.4 A 2.4 23.0 A 2.1 19.1 A 2.0 8.7 A 1.2 12.9 A 1.7 12.4 A 1.7 48.6 B 2.6 35.6 A 2.4 64.4 A 2.4 11.5 A 2.5 94.0 A 1.6 35.9 B 3.1

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 29.3 A 1.1 21.5 A 1.0 16.7 A 0.9 8.1 A 0.6 9.3 A 0.7 10.8 A 0.7 48.3 A 1.2 44.2 A 1.2 55.8 A 1.2 7.7 A 0.8 93.7 A 0.7 30.6 A 1.6

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 24.1 A 1.8 13.7 A 1.3 10.6 A 1.2 4.3 A 0.7 5.5 A 0.8 10.3 A 1.2 36.4 A 2.0 58.6 A 2.0 41.4 A 2.0 9.3 A 2.1 92.0 A 1.7 26.2 B 2.7

23.9 A 2.1 18.0 A 1.9 15.4 A 1.9 6.2 A 1.2 7.9 A 1.4 11.5 A 1.5 41.3 A 2.4 50.8 A 2.5 49.2 A 2.5 7.9 A 1.8 90.5 A 2.0 27.6 B 3.0

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 28.3 A 2.2 24.1 A 2.2 13.2 A 1.5 5.5 A 1.0 9.6 A 1.5 13.8 A 1.7 44.9 A 2.4 50.6 B 2.5 49.4 B 2.5 9.9 A 2.0 91.9 A 1.9 31.9 B 3.3

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 32.0 A 1.4 22.9 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.2 8.4 A 0.9 9.9 A 0.9 12.1 A 1.0 49.4 A 1.5 46.6 A 1.5 53.4 A 1.5 7.4 A 1.1 95.0 A 0.8 33.5 A 2.0

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 27.4 A 1.4 20.2 A 1.2 15.9 A 1.2 7.1 A 0.8 11.2 A 1.0 11.6 A 1.1 44.5 A 1.6 46.5 A 1.5 53.5 A 1.5 7.8 A 1.2 92.1 A 1.2 34.9 A 2.2

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 28.3 A 1.3 18.7 A 1.0 14.3 A 0.9 7.0 A 0.5 7.4 A 0.7 11.0 A 0.8 45.0 A 1.4 44.9 A 1.4 55.1 A 1.4 9.9 A 1.3 92.3 A 1.0 26.9 A 1.5

44.5 A 1.9 36.5 A 1.8 26.0 A 1.6 13.2 A 1.1 17.2 A 1.4 18.1 A 1.5 64.3 A 1.9 29.0 A 1.8 71.0 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.6 94.4 A 1.1 38.2 A 2.2

48.1 A 2.2 38.3 A 2.2 26.8 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.4 19.5 A 1.7 21.0 A 1.9 68.8 A 2.1 29.2 A 2.0 70.8 A 2.0 8.1 A 1.5 96.2 A 0.9 35.6 B 2.6

50.2 A 2.3 41.2 A 2.3 29.7 A 2.1 13.9 A 1.3 19.6 A 1.8 21.5 A 2.0 71.2 A 2.1 29.6 A 2.2 70.4 A 2.2 6.9 A 1.6 96.0 A 1.2 38.1 B 2.7

41.6 A 2.2 36.2 A 2.2 26.7 A 1.9 11.0 A 1.3 14.6 A 1.5 20.2 A 1.9 65.4 A 2.2 24.3 A 1.9 75.7 A 1.9 9.2 A 1.6 94.8 A 1.2 36.4 B 2.5

41.2 A 1.4 35.1 A 1.4 24.5 A 1.2 12.1 A 0.8 16.6 A 1.1 18.5 A 1.2 63.8 A 1.4 30.6 A 1.4 69.4 A 1.4 8.0 A 1.1 94.5 A 0.8 35.9 A 1.7

24.4 A 0.9 14.2 A 0.7 11.7 A 0.7 5.0 A 0.5 6.2 A 0.5 8.7 A 0.6 38.1 A 1.0 54.4 A 1.0 45.6 A 1.0 8.4 A 0.9 92.6 A 0.7 28.2 A 1.4

Holds IP 50.9 A 1.6 39.0 A 1.5 30.9 A 1.5 15.9 A 1.1 22.8 A 1.4 18.4 A 1.3 71.2 A 1.4 26.9 A 1.4 73.1 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.3 95.2 A 0.8 37.1 A 1.7

Holds Formal IP 49.8 A 2.4 39.8 A 2.3 31.1 A 2.2 19.1 A 1.8 23.4 A 2.1 15.2 A 1.8 67.0 A 2.3 16.1 A 1.9 83.9 A 1.9 11.3 A 1.8 93.9 A 1.2 36.8 A 2.5

No IP 21.8 A 0.8 13.9 A 0.7 10.0 A 0.6 4.0 A 0.4 4.5 A 0.4 9.3 A 0.6 36.9 A 1.0 54.5 A 1.0 45.5 A 1.0 7.6 A 0.7 92.3 A 0.7 27.9 A 1.4

Not familiar with any type of IP 34.3 A 0.9 24.7 A 0.8 18.6 A 0.7 8.6 A 0.5 11.6 A 0.6 13.4 A 0.6 52.8 A 0.9 42.8 A 0.9 57.2 A 0.9 7.9 A 0.7 94.4 A 0.6 33.0 A 1.2

Familiar with at least one type of IP 13.3 A 1.3 6.6 A 0.8 5.4 A 0.8 2.2 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.4 6.0 A 0.8 22.8 A 1.6 61.7 A 1.8 38.3 A 1.8 9.9 A 2.0 88.1 A 1.7 22.7 B 2.6

Procurement Did business with Federal government 48.9 B 2.8 36.7 B 2.7 33.2 B 2.6 24.3 A 2.5 24.6 A 2.5 20.8 A 2.3 74.4 B 2.5 8.8 A 1.5 91.2 A 1.5 6.7 A 1.4 95.9 A 0.9 33.9 B 2.8

<30 years old 27.9 C 5.4 32.8 C 6.6 17.4 C 5.8 8.0 A 2.5 5.9 A 2.3 17.8 C 5.0 54.1 C 5.9 45.9 C 6.1 54.1 C 6.1 6.9 B 2.5 95.1 A 2.4 50.5 D 8.7

30 to 39 years old 32.8 A 2.1 24.6 A 1.9 19.1 A 1.7 9.1 A 1.4 10.3 A 1.3 11.3 A 1.4 48.9 A 2.2 41.8 A 2.2 58.2 A 2.2 7.5 A 1.5 93.3 A 1.4 36.9 B 2.9

40 to 49 years old 33.8 A 1.6 25.5 A 1.5 19.0 A 1.3 8.9 A 0.9 13.6 A 1.2 13.0 A 1.1 51.3 A 1.7 45.0 A 1.6 55.0 A 1.6 7.2 A 1.1 95.4 A 0.8 33.2 A 2.1

50 to 64 years old 27.0 A 1.0 17.8 A 0.8 14.6 A 0.8 6.3 A 0.5 8.0 A 0.6 11.1 A 0.7 43.6 A 1.2 48.9 A 1.2 51.1 A 1.2 8.3 A 0.9 93.7 A 0.8 30.5 A 1.5

65+ years old 24.8 A 2.0 18.2 A 1.8 12.5 A 1.6 6.3 A 1.2 5.9 A 1.0 11.7 A 1.5 42.1 A 2.3 45.2 A 2.3 54.8 A 2.3 13.6 B 2.6 85.6 A 2.3 22.9 B 2.5

Less than high school 14.1 A 2.4 8.1 A 1.5 9.4 A 1.8 4.0 A 1.3 2.0 A 0.7 6.0 A 1.2 25.9 B 2.8 63.9 B 3.2 36.1 B 3.2 4.5 A 2.3 89.2 B 3.3 20.4 B 3.9

High school 17.0 A 1.2 11.1 A 1.0 8.4 A 0.8 3.3 A 0.4 3.2 A 0.5 9.9 A 1.0 30.6 A 1.5 53.2 A 1.7 46.8 A 1.7 8.0 A 1.2 89.9 A 1.5 29.2 A 2.4

College/Cegep/Trade School 26.7 A 1.3 19.4 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.0 6.0 A 0.7 8.2 A 0.8 10.6 A 0.8 44.1 A 1.5 48.3 A 1.5 51.7 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.2 94.4 A 0.7 32.3 A 1.9

Bachelor's degree 38.0 A 1.6 27.6 A 1.4 23.4 A 1.4 11.6 A 1.0 13.8 A 1.1 14.0 A 1.2 58.2 A 1.6 36.2 A 1.6 63.8 A 1.6 8.5 A 1.3 94.0 A 1.0 32.2 A 1.9

Master's degree or above 45.1 A 2.2 34.1 A 2.1 21.4 A 1.7 10.7 A 1.4 17.6 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.6 63.8 A 2.2 42.0 A 2.2 58.0 A 2.2 10.1 A 1.7 94.2 A 1.3 35.3 B 2.7

In Canada 29.2 A 0.8 21.3 A 0.7 16.3 A 0.7 7.3 A 0.4 8.9 A 0.5 11.3 A 0.6 45.6 A 0.9 45.1 A 0.9 54.9 A 0.9 8.0 A 0.7 94.0 A 0.6 32.3 A 1.2

Outside Canada 29.4 A 1.6 20.0 A 1.3 15.7 A 1.2 7.6 A 0.9 11.2 A 1.0 13.2 A 1.2 48.3 A 1.7 50.5 A 1.7 49.5 A 1.7 10.2 A 1.4 90.1 A 1.4 29.1 A 2.1

0% 30.1 A 1.0 20.2 A 0.9 15.6 A 0.8 8.2 A 0.6 9.8 A 0.6 10.9 A 0.7 45.5 A 1.1 47.3 A 1.1 52.7 A 1.1 8.1 A 0.9 92.8 A 0.8 31.0 A 1.5

1% to 49% 33.2 A 2.4 28.9 A 2.3 22.2 A 2.1 7.9 A 0.9 12.9 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.6 55.9 A 2.4 42.4 A 2.4 57.6 A 2.4 7.4 A 1.6 95.2 A 0.9 36.3 B 3.1

50% 27.7 A 1.6 21.0 A 1.4 15.0 A 1.2 6.0 A 0.9 8.0 A 1.0 11.5 A 1.1 45.2 A 1.7 47.5 A 1.7 52.5 A 1.7 7.6 A 1.3 93.1 A 1.2 32.8 A 2.3

51% to 99% 30.2 B 4.7 24.2 B 4.5 15.3 B 3.7 10.9 B 3.3 10.5 B 2.8 16.3 B 4.3 47.3 C 5.2 42.6 C 5.3 57.4 C 5.3 9.8 B 3.5 89.9 B 3.7 35.1 C 6.1

100% 25.2 A 2.0 17.6 A 1.8 15.4 A 1.8 5.0 A 1.0 7.5 A 1.2 14.5 A 1.7 43.4 A 2.3 44.9 A 2.3 55.1 A 2.3 12.1 A 2.4 93.2 A 1.5 27.6 B 2.8

Potential Borrowers

26.4 B 3.4 22.0 B 3.2 12.3 A 2.3 4.3 A 1.2 8.3 A 2.2 8.6 A 2.0 38.5 B 3.7 52.6 B 3.7 47.4 B 3.7 12.6 B 3.3 90.2 B 2.9 27.1 B 4.5


32.3 B 4.7 27.9 B 4.4 23.3 B 4.2 7.9 A 2.1 10.9 B 3.2 17.9 B 4.0 48.9 C 5.0 36.2 B 4.9 63.8 B 4.9 8.3 B 4.0 91.9 B 3.6 38.6 C 5.8

Co-operatives Co-operatives 25.4 A 1.6 29.3 A 1.7 16.2 A 1.4 16.1 A 1.4 11.1 A 1.3 14.3 A 1.4 52.6 A 1.8 38.1 A 1.8 61.9 A 1.8 10.3 A 1.4 94.0 A 1.0 21.3 A 2.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 43.8 A 2.2 30.8 A 2.1 32.3 A 2.1 29.0 A 2.1 19.3 A 1.9 11.6 A 1.5 68.1 A 2.0 6.6 A 1.1 93.4 A 1.1 3.9 A 0.8 97.0 A 0.7 29.3 A 2.0

Not-for-profit 38.8 A 1.4 35.1 A 1.4 19.3 A 1.2 15.4 A 1.0 9.9 A 0.8 12.1 A 0.9 61.4 A 1.3 29.6 A 1.3 70.4 A 1.3 7.3 A 1.1 93.2 A 0.5 34.6 A 1.6

Charity 43.0 A 2.0 29.9 A 1.9 16.8 A 1.4 11.4 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.7 56.4 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.1 85.3 A 1.1 19.0 A 1.5 92.0 A 1.4 37.0 A 2.0

For-profit 39.1 B 3.6 37.0 B 3.6 27.8 B 3.4 12.0 A 2.5 12.1 A 2.4 12.6 A 2.3 62.9 B 3.5 33.4 B 3.5 66.6 B 3.5 6.9 B 2.5 95.7 A 1.3 28.2 B 4.1

30.5 A 0.8 22.0 A 0.7 16.8 A 0.6 8.1 A 0.5 10.3 A 0.5 12.4 A 0.6 48.1 A 0.8 44.9 A 0.8 55.1 A 0.8 8.5 A 0.7 93.3 A 0.6 32.2 A 1.1

21.3 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.5 11.7 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.5 3.6 A 0.8 7.8 A 1.0 34.4 A 2.1 56.7 A 2.3 43.3 A 2.3 8.5 B 2.6 91.3 A 2.0 26.9 B 3.1


Business website

Cloud computing Data AnalyticsHad a website in

2017

Website features

Online paymentMarketing or

contact information


Table 28: Technology and Website AdoptionSurvey question(s):I.18 Did your business use any of the following technologies over the past three years? (Respondents could choose multiple categories.) I.19 Did your business have an Internet website in 2017? I.20 Which of the following features does your Internet website offer? (Respondents could choose all categories.)Notes:I.18 is applicable to all respondents. I.19 is applicable to all respondents. I.20 is applicable to those with an Internet website. For explanation of data accuracy and quality of estimates, see the "Notes" tab.

Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)

Online forms for collecting customer

information

Region

CMA Level

Employment Size

Customer/Supplier Relationship Management

Software (CRM)

Enterprise Resource Planning Software

(ERP)

Application Programming Interface (API)

OtherAdopted at least one technology over the

last three years

Did not have a website in 2017

Technology adoption

Age of Business

Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)Information and Cultural Industries (NAICS 51), Real


Location

Export Status



Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11), Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)


Innovation Activities







Place of birth

Female Ownership


Social Enterprises


% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 25.2 A 0.7 74.8 A 0.7

1 to 4 employees 21.7 A 1.0 78.3 A 1.0

5 to 19 employees 26.4 A 1.3 73.6 A 1.3

20 to 99 employees 34.9 A 1.8 65.1 A 1.8

100 to 499 employees 51.2 B 3.3 48.8 B 3.3

Atlantic 22.6 A 1.9 77.4 A 1.9

Quebec 27.4 A 1.7 72.6 A 1.7

Ontario 23.8 A 1.1 76.2 A 1.1

Northern Ontario 19.9 A 2.4 80.1 A 2.4

Southern Ontario 24.1 A 1.2 75.9 A 1.2

Prairies 23.6 A 1.5 76.4 A 1.5

Manitoba 23.2 B 3.2 76.8 B 3.2

Saskatchewan 22.0 B 2.6 78.0 B 2.6

Alberta 24.1 A 1.9 75.9 A 1.9

British Columbia and Territories 28.0 A 2.0 72.0 A 2.0

St. John's 20.4 C 6.4 79.6 C 6.4

Halifax 34.5 C 6.3 65.5 C 6.3

Quebec 34.9 C 6.0 65.1 C 6.0

Montreal 27.3 A 2.5 72.7 A 2.5

Ottawa-Gatineau 35.6 B 4.7 64.4 B 4.7

Toronto 25.0 A 1.8 75.0 A 1.8

Kingston 20.0 B 4.0 80.0 B 4.0

Hamilton 27.2 C 5.8 72.8 C 5.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 10.7 A 2.5 89.3 A 2.5

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 18.5 B 4.2 81.5 B 4.2

London 27.4 C 5.4 72.6 C 5.4

Windsor 20.5 B 4.6 79.5 B 4.6

Thunder Bay 28.3 C 5.1 71.7 C 5.1

Winnipeg 23.4 B 4.1 76.6 B 4.1

Calgary 28.0 B 3.6 72.0 B 3.6

Edmonton 27.0 B 4.2 73.0 B 4.2

Vancouver 34.2 B 3.3 65.8 B 3.3

Victoria 34.8 D 8.4 65.2 D 8.4

33.7 A 2.3 66.3 A 2.3

20.8 A 1.8 79.2 A 1.8

32.5 A 2.1 67.5 A 2.1

27.0 A 1.9 73.0 A 1.9

20.5 A 2.0 79.5 A 2.0

17.9 A 1.9 82.1 A 1.9

33.3 A 2.1 66.7 A 2.1

14.7 A 1.6 85.3 A 1.6

17.4 A 1.8 82.6 A 1.8

29.6 A 2.1 70.4 A 2.1

Tourism 23.6 B 3.9 76.4 B 3.9

Information and Communication 36.2 B 3.2 63.8 B 3.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 36.7 C 5.4 63.3 C 5.4

Rural 22.3 A 1.4 77.7 A 1.4

Urban 25.9 A 0.8 74.1 A 0.8

Exporter 43.1 A 2.3 56.9 A 2.3

Non-exporter 22.8 A 0.7 77.2 A 0.7

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 40.6 B 3.0 59.4 B 3.0

29.7 A 2.5 70.3 A 2.5

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 22.4 A 1.0 77.6 A 1.0

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 23.1 A 1.8 76.9 A 1.8

25.7 A 2.2 74.3 A 2.2

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 22.3 A 1.9 77.7 A 1.9

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 25.9 A 1.4 74.1 A 1.4

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 23.6 A 1.3 76.4 A 1.3

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 26.6 A 1.2 73.4 A 1.2

36.6 A 1.9 63.4 A 1.9

40.9 A 2.2 59.1 A 2.2

44.4 A 2.4 55.6 A 2.4

37.4 A 2.2 62.6 A 2.2

36.6 A 1.4 63.4 A 1.4

20.5 A 0.9 79.5 A 0.9

Holds IP 41.8 A 1.6 58.2 A 1.6

Holds Formal IP 41.4 A 2.4 58.6 A 2.4

No IP 19.5 A 0.8 80.5 A 0.8

Not familiar with any type of IP 28.6 A 0.9 71.4 A 0.9

Familiar with at least one type of IP 14.9 A 1.4 85.1 A 1.4

Procurement Did business with Federal government 50.0 B 2.8 50.0 B 2.8

<30 years old 31.3 C 5.8 68.7 C 5.8

30 to 39 years old 23.8 A 1.9 76.2 A 1.9

40 to 49 years old 28.1 A 1.5 71.9 A 1.5

50 to 64 years old 24.6 A 1.0 75.4 A 1.0

65+ years old 22.2 A 2.0 77.8 A 2.0

Less than high school 16.3 A 2.1 83.7 A 2.1

High school 18.3 A 1.3 81.7 A 1.3

College/Cegep/Trade School 22.2 A 1.2 77.8 A 1.2

Bachelor's degree 32.4 A 1.6 67.6 A 1.6

Master's degree or above 33.6 A 2.1 66.4 A 2.1

In Canada 26.4 A 0.8 73.6 A 0.8

Outside Canada 21.5 A 1.5 78.5 A 1.5

0% 24.3 A 1.0 75.7 A 1.0

1% to 49% 33.5 A 2.3 66.5 A 2.3

50% 23.9 A 1.5 76.1 A 1.5

51% to 99% 25.8 B 4.2 74.2 B 4.2

100% 24.3 A 2.1 75.7 A 2.1

Potential Borrowers 24.2 B 3.3 75.8 B 3.3


28.5 B 4.5 71.5 B 4.5

Co-operatives Co-operatives 37.0 A 1.8 63.0 A 1.8

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 42.7 A 2.2 57.3 A 2.2

Not-for-profit 43.8 A 1.4 56.2 A 1.4

Charity 43.9 A 2.0 56.1 A 2.0

For-profit 35.4 B 3.5 64.6 B 3.5

26.2 A 0.8 73.8 A 0.8

18.8 A 1.9 81.2 A 1.9


Location

Export Status


Age of Business


Table 29: External Consultant


External consultant


Survey question(s):I.23 In the past three years, did your business hire an external consultant to assist in any aspect of the business operations?

Notes:I.23 is applicable to all respondents.

Hired an external consultant in the last

three years

Did not hire an external consultant

in the last three years


Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11), Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)

Employment Size

Region



CMA Level

Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)


Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS




Place of birth

Female Ownership




Did not request external financing though external Request for at least one type of debt financing was rejected

Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE average Qua

lity

CV % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 1.7 A 0.2 14.1 A 0.6 25.1 A 0.7 46.8 A 0.8 12.3 A 0.5 75.0 A 0.7 25.0 A 0.7 27 A 1.9 59.1 A 0.7 21.2 A 0.4 19.7 A 0.6

1 to 4 employees 1.5 A 0.2 14.0 A 0.8 25.0 A 1.0 46.9 A 1.2 12.6 A 0.8 72.3 A 1.0 27.7 A 1.0 26 A 2.7 58.0 A 1.0 20.8 A 0.7 21.2 A 1.0



100 to 499 employees 0.1 A 0.1 9.9 A 2.0 29.0 B 3.4 51.3 B 3.4 9.7 A 1.4 78.2 B 2.9 21.8 B 2.9 29 B 9.0 64.9 B 3.2 22.9 B 2.9 12.2 A 2.1

Atlantic 1.8 A 0.5 8.8 A 1.4 20.5 A 2.0 52.2 A 2.4 16.6 A 1.7 91.8 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.5 26 C 11.8 79.1 A 2.0 14.4 A 1.5 6.5 A 1.4

Quebec 2.6 A 0.5 14.6 A 1.3 24.6 A 1.7 47.1 A 2.0 11.0 A 1.3 86.0 A 1.3 14.0 A 1.3 25 B 5.4 8.4 A 1.0 81.0 A 1.4 10.7 A 1.2

Ontario 1.3 A 0.4 14.5 A 1.0 25.3 A 1.2 44.7 A 1.3 14.2 A 0.9 64.4 A 1.3 35.6 A 1.3 28 A 2.5 68.1 A 1.2 4.2 A 0.5 27.8 A 1.2

Northern Ontario 1.4 A 0.7 11.4 A 1.9 21.5 A 2.4 50.2 B 3.0 15.4 A 2.1 82.4 A 2.3 17.6 A 2.3 33 B 8.5 72.8 B 2.6 13.9 A 2.0 13.4 A 2.0

Southern Ontario 1.3 A 0.4 14.7 A 1.0 25.5 A 1.2 44.4 A 1.4 14.1 A 0.9 63.3 A 1.3 36.7 A 1.3 28 A 2.5 67.8 A 1.3 3.6 A 0.5 28.7 A 1.3

Prairies 2.1 A 0.5 15.5 A 1.3 25.5 A 1.5 48.0 A 1.8 8.9 A 0.9 81.8 A 1.3 18.2 A 1.3 25 A 4.0 82.2 A 1.3 2.1 A 0.4 15.7 A 1.2

Manitoba 0.7 A 0.4 12.7 B 2.5 23.4 B 2.9 54.3 B 3.7 8.9 A 2.0 81.3 B 3.0 18.7 B 3.0 25 C 11.1 80.5 B 2.8 2.3 A 0.9 17.2 B 2.7

Saskatchewan 3.1 A 0.9 18.2 B 2.9 27.6 B 3.0 41.6 B 3.3 9.6 A 2.2 91.3 A 1.8 8.7 A 1.8 20 D 16.6 91.4 A 1.8 1.0 A 0.7 7.5 A 1.7

Alberta 2.2 A 0.7 15.4 A 1.6 25.5 A 2.0 48.1 A 2.3 8.8 A 1.2 79.7 A 1.7 20.3 A 1.7 25 A 4.5 80.4 A 1.7 2.3 A 0.6 17.3 A 1.6

British Columbia and Territories 0.9 A 0.3 12.8 A 1.6 26.7 A 2.1 47.2 A 2.3 12.4 A 1.5 68.2 A 2.2 31.8 A 2.2 27 B 5.1 73.4 A 2.1 2.2 A 0.9 24.3 A 2.0

St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 7.7 B 4.2 8.4 B 4.1 59.1 D 8.9 24.8 D 8.3 93.4 B 3.8 6.6 B 3.8 40 B 8.5 94.0 B 3.5 2.1 A 2.1 4.0 B 2.8

Halifax 1.1 A 0.6 4.5 A 1.9 30.6 C 6.3 49.1 C 6.3 14.6 B 3.9 83.0 C 6.0 17.0 C 6.0 16 D 20.0 84.4 C 5.9 1.2 A 1.2 14.4 C 5.9

Quebec 0.9 A 0.7 13.0 B 3.4 29.2 C 5.7 45.6 C 7.0 11.3 B 3.7 97.4 A 1.2 2.6 A 1.2 19 F 47.5 3.3 A 1.8 95.8 A 1.9 0.8 A 0.6

Montreal 3.0 A 0.9 14.9 A 2.1 27.7 B 2.6 45.4 B 2.9 9.0 A 1.6 75.2 A 2.4 24.8 A 2.4 24 B 6.5 14.2 A 1.9 65.7 B 2.6 20.1 A 2.3

Ottawa-Gatineau 2.0 A 0.8 20.8 B 3.9 19.0 B 3.3 46.5 B 4.9 11.7 B 3.6 66.6 B 4.7 33.4 B 4.7 25 B 8.3 41.9 B 4.6 27.9 B 3.9 30.2 B 4.7

Toronto 1.7 A 0.7 15.4 A 1.7 30.3 A 2.0 40.1 A 2.1 12.4 A 1.3 50.4 A 2.1 49.6 A 2.1 26 A 3.5 60.0 A 2.1 1.6 A 0.6 38.3 A 2.1

Kingston 0.7 A 0.6 14.6 B 3.8 21.0 B 4.0 53.6 C 5.1 10.1 B 3.0 77.4 B 4.6 22.6 B 4.6 35 C 11.0 78.8 B 4.3 6.9 B 3.0 14.3 B 3.5

Hamilton 0.9 A 0.9 7.9 B 2.8 25.9 C 5.2 42.8 C 6.1 22.5 C 5.2 71.5 C 5.3 28.5 C 5.3 33 B 7.2 76.2 B 4.9 0.5 A 0.4 23.3 B 4.9

St. Catharines-Niagara 1.4 A 0.9 12.3 B 3.6 34.4 C 6.1 32.4 C 5.8 19.5 B 4.2 72.9 B 4.9 27.1 B 4.9 31 B 9.3 81.1 B 3.8 1.1 A 0.7 17.7 B 3.7

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 0.8 A 0.5 7.0 B 2.7 24.4 B 4.7 55.1 C 5.5 12.7 B 2.9 68.8 C 5.2 31.2 C 5.2 28 C 11.6 74.3 B 4.9 0.5 A 0.4 25.1 B 4.9

London 0.0 A 0.0 14.7 B 4.3 26.9 B 4.8 40.4 C 5.7 17.9 B 4.2 80.6 B 4.7 19.4 B 4.7 32 C 14.4 84.7 B 4.2 1.4 A 0.8 13.9 B 4.2

Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 11.1 B 3.2 18.8 B 4.3 60.9 C 5.3 9.2 B 3.0 68.4 C 5.2 31.6 C 5.2 34 C 10.4 69.6 B 4.9 1.5 A 1.5 28.9 B 5.0

Thunder Bay 1.1 A 1.1 12.0 B 4.3 24.1 B 4.6 44.0 C 5.7 18.9 B 4.3 82.9 B 4.1 17.1 B 4.1 42 C 10.8 79.2 B 4.5 0.5 A 0.3 20.3 B 4.5

Winnipeg 0.1 A 0.1 13.6 B 3.4 20.8 B 3.4 57.7 B 4.7 7.9 A 2.4 77.7 B 4.0 22.3 B 4.0 25 C 13.3 79.1 B 3.5 2.2 A 1.1 18.7 B 3.5

Calgary 2.2 A 1.0 12.1 A 2.4 25.9 B 3.8 49.5 B 4.1 10.3 A 2.4 70.6 B 3.5 29.4 B 3.5 26 B 6.6 72.3 B 3.5 1.8 A 0.8 26.0 B 3.4

Edmonton 3.0 A 2.1 12.7 B 2.6 30.1 B 3.9 43.7 B 4.4 10.6 A 2.5 76.5 B 3.8 23.5 B 3.8 25 B 7.9 80.3 B 3.6 3.3 A 1.5 16.4 B 3.4

Vancouver 0.6 A 0.3 9.7 A 2.0 27.3 B 3.1 52.7 B 3.5 9.7 A 1.8 57.8 B 3.3 42.2 B 3.3 25 B 5.3 61.7 B 3.4 2.2 A 1.4 36.1 B 3.3

Victoria 1.8 A 1.8 15.7 C 6.9 35.5 D 8.6 35.6 D 7.8 11.4 B 4.5 78.2 C 6.9 21.8 C 6.9 22 D 20.3 78.0 D 7.7 5.5 C 5.1 16.5 C 6.4

3.1 A 0.9 13.2 A 1.8 20.6 A 2.1 49.4 B 2.5 13.7 A 1.7 92.7 A 1.2 7.3 A 1.2 34 B 5.6 66.3 A 1.5 27.2 A 1.1 6.5 A 1.1

1.9 A 0.6 17.0 A 1.8 24.5 A 2.1 46.6 A 2.4 10.0 A 1.4 85.9 A 1.6 14.1 A 1.6 31 B 7.6 62.0 A 1.7 25.2 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.6

1.8 A 0.9 9.1 A 1.3 22.1 A 1.8 52.3 A 2.3 14.7 A 1.6 76.4 A 1.9 23.6 A 1.9 32 A 4.2 53.9 A 1.8 26.1 A 1.4 20.0 A 1.8

0.6 A 0.2 6.7 A 1.0 19.4 A 1.8 55.6 A 2.3 17.7 A 1.8 75.4 A 2.0 24.6 A 2.0 30 B 5.1 60.7 A 2.0 19.9 A 1.4 19.4 A 1.8

0.9 A 0.3 17.2 A 1.8 25.5 A 2.1 45.7 A 2.4 10.7 A 1.3 71.2 A 2.2 28.8 A 2.2 25 B 5.3 52.3 A 2.0 22.8 A 1.6 24.9 A 2.2

2.8 A 0.9 15.0 A 2.1 27.1 A 2.5 45.8 B 2.6 9.3 A 1.5 65.6 B 2.5 34.4 B 2.5 21 A 5.0 48.2 A 2.3 23.4 A 1.2 28.4 A 2.4

0.5 A 0.2 10.8 A 1.4 29.8 A 2.1 45.8 A 2.3 13.1 A 1.5 70.0 A 2.1 30.0 A 2.1 26 B 5.5 63.3 A 1.9 17.6 A 1.2 19.1 A 1.9

3.0 A 0.8 17.9 A 2.0 25.1 A 2.0 44.0 A 2.5 10.0 A 1.4 60.2 A 2.3 39.8 A 2.3 23 A 3.8 51.4 A 2.3 14.0 A 1.4 34.6 A 2.2

2.3 A 0.5 13.3 A 1.5 23.0 A 2.1 51.5 A 2.4 9.9 A 1.4 76.0 A 2.1 24.0 A 2.1 32 A 5.0 54.6 A 2.2 24.2 A 1.1 21.2 A 2.1

1.8 A 0.7 14.3 A 1.6 26.0 A 2.0 43.4 A 2.3 14.5 A 1.6 74.4 A 2.0 25.6 A 2.0 29 A 4.5 64.4 A 1.9 18.0 A 1.3 17.6 A 1.7

Tourism 5.0 B 2.9 7.8 A 2.4 26.2 B 4.0 46.3 B 4.2 14.7 B 2.5 74.6 B 3.5 25.4 B 3.5 26 C 10.0 71.6 B 3.4 15.5 B 2.7 12.8 A 2.3

Information and Communication 0.3 A 0.2 16.8 A 2.3 32.4 B 3.0 40.6 B 3.3 9.8 A 2.3 55.7 B 3.3 44.3 B 3.3 22 B 6.8 50.9 B 3.2 17.2 A 1.2 31.9 B 3.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 0.3 A 0.3 12.9 B 3.7 30.8 C 5.0 42.3 C 5.5 13.8 B 3.1 78.5 B 4.4 21.5 B 4.4 26 C 13.3 69.1 C 5.4 14.8 B 4.7 16.1 B 3.9

Rural 2.4 A 0.5 14.8 A 1.3 23.0 A 1.5 46.9 A 1.8 12.9 A 1.2 90.8 A 0.9 9.2 A 0.9 33 B 5.0 64.9 A 1.6 27.5 A 1.5 7.6 A 0.9

Urban 1.6 A 0.2 13.9 A 0.7 25.6 A 0.8 46.8 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 71.2 A 0.8 28.8 A 0.8 27 A 2.0 57.7 A 0.8 19.7 A 0.6 22.6 A 0.8

Exporter 0.5 A 0.2 13.1 A 1.6 27.1 A 2.1 45.8 A 2.2 13.4 A 1.5 69.5 A 2.1 30.5 A 2.1 25 B 5.2 61.3 A 2.2 17.0 A 1.9 21.7 A 1.9

Non-exporter 1.9 A 0.2 14.2 A 0.6 24.8 A 0.8 46.9 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 75.8 A 0.8 24.2 A 0.8 27 A 2.0 58.8 A 0.7 21.8 A 0.5 19.4 A 0.7

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 2.5 A 1.2 15.8 A 2.3 28.4 B 2.8 41.7 B 3.0 11.7 A 2.0 81.1 A 2.4 18.9 A 2.4 32 B 7.6 66.4 B 2.9 21.2 A 2.5 12.4 A 2.2

0.7 A 0.2 16.0 A 1.9 26.5 A 2.3 42.9 B 2.6 13.8 A 2.0 76.7 A 2.2 23.3 A 2.2 24 A 5.0 60.5 B 2.5 21.2 A 2.2 18.3 A 1.9

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 1.2 A 0.3 11.6 A 0.8 24.5 A 1.1 49.7 A 1.3 13.1 A 0.9 75.9 A 1.1 24.1 A 1.1 29 A 3.0 59.7 A 1.2 21.2 A 0.9 19.1 A 1.0

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 0.8 A 0.3 12.1 A 1.4 21.3 A 1.7 50.7 A 2.1 15.2 A 1.3 76.4 A 1.7 23.6 A 1.7 29 A 4.0 57.1 A 2.0 23.5 A 1.8 19.4 A 1.6

1.3 A 0.7 10.8 A 1.6 23.9 A 2.3 51.3 A 2.5 12.6 A 1.4 73.9 A 2.2 26.1 A 2.2 29 A 4.2 60.2 A 2.4 19.7 A 2.0 20.2 A 2.0

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 6.5 A 0.9 27.8 A 2.2 30.6 A 2.3 32.1 A 2.5 3.0 A 0.6 65.0 A 2.4 35.0 A 2.4 17 A 5.0 52.0 A 2.5 19.8 A 2.0 28.2 A 2.3

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 2.6 A 0.5 22.0 A 1.3 32.4 A 1.5 37.1 A 1.5 5.9 A 0.8 69.4 A 1.4 30.6 A 1.4 22 A 3.2 55.5 A 1.5 20.9 A 1.2 23.7 A 1.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 0.6 A 0.3 9.4 A 1.0 28.8 A 1.4 50.2 A 1.6 11.0 A 1.0 75.5 A 1.4 24.5 A 1.4 30 A 3.5 60.9 A 1.5 19.7 A 1.2 19.4 A 1.3

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 0.4 A 0.1 5.4 A 0.6 12.6 A 0.9 58.6 A 1.4 23.0 A 1.2 83.6 A 1.0 16.4 A 1.0 39 A 2.3 63.7 A 1.3 23.3 A 1.1 13.0 A 0.9

2.7 A 0.8 17.0 A 1.5 27.0 A 1.7 43.2 A 1.9 10.1 A 1.2 71.9 A 1.8 28.1 A 1.8 27 A 4.4 57.6 A 1.9 21.4 A 1.6 21.0 A 1.7

2.5 A 0.7 15.5 A 1.7 29.7 A 2.1 41.7 A 2.2 10.5 A 1.2 73.8 A 2.0 26.2 A 2.0 27 A 4.7 60.4 A 2.2 19.7 A 1.8 20.0 A 1.8

1.6 A 0.4 16.9 A 1.8 29.0 A 2.2 42.9 A 2.3 9.4 A 1.5 77.7 A 2.0 22.3 A 2.0 27 B 6.4 60.2 A 2.3 23.1 A 1.9 16.7 A 1.8

1.7 A 0.4 15.3 A 1.6 28.1 A 2.1 43.3 A 2.3 11.6 A 1.5 72.3 A 2.0 27.7 A 2.0 28 A 4.6 59.0 A 2.2 20.6 A 1.8 20.4 A 1.8

2.3 A 0.5 16.1 A 1.1 27.0 A 1.3 43.6 A 1.5 11.0 A 1.0 74.8 A 1.3 25.2 A 1.3 27 A 3.5 58.6 A 1.4 21.6 A 1.2 19.7 A 1.2

1.3 A 0.2 12.9 A 0.7 24.4 A 0.9 48.2 A 1.1 13.1 A 0.7 75.9 A 0.9 24.1 A 0.9 28 A 2.4 59.6 A 0.9 21.4 A 0.7 19.1 A 0.8

Holds IP 1.1 A 0.2 12.2 A 1.0 29.1 A 1.5 44.2 A 1.6 13.4 A 1.1 72.7 A 1.5 27.3 A 1.5 27 A 4.0 62.5 A 1.5 17.8 A 1.2 19.6 A 1.4

Holds Formal IP 0.6 A 0.2 10.5 A 1.4 27.0 A 2.2 49.4 A 2.4 12.5 A 1.3 73.2 A 2.3 26.8 A 2.3 26 B 6.4 61.7 A 2.3 18.4 A 1.7 19.9 A 2.1

No IP 1.8 A 0.3 14.5 A 0.7 23.8 A 0.9 47.7 A 1.0 12.1 A 0.6 76.6 A 0.8 23.4 A 0.8 28 A 2.2 58.1 A 0.9 22.8 A 0.6 19.2 A 0.8

Not familiar with any type of IP 1.7 A 0.2 14.1 A 0.7 26.4 A 0.9 46.3 A 1.0 11.5 A 0.6 77.2 A 0.8 22.8 A 0.8 28 A 2.4 60.3 A 0.8 22.3 A 0.6 17.4 A 0.7

Familiar with at least one type of IP 1.3 A 0.3 13.2 A 1.2 21.2 A 1.5 48.5 A 1.8 15.8 A 1.4 69.9 A 1.7 30.1 A 1.7 27 A 3.3 55.8 A 1.8 18.4 A 1.4 25.8 A 1.6

Procurement Did business with Federal government 0.0 A 0.0 8.0 A 1.6 18.4 A 2.1 56.6 B 2.8 17.0 A 2.1 79.4 A 2.4 20.6 A 2.4 35 B 5.3 67.1 B 2.5 21.0 A 2.0 11.9 A 1.9

<30 years old 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 90.3 B 2.8 9.7 B 2.8 12 B 9.7 51.8 C 6.1 33.9 C 5.8 14.3 B 3.6

30 to 39 years old 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 75.0 A 1.9 25.0 A 1.9 15 A 4.1 58.1 A 2.1 21.7 A 1.8 20.2 A 1.7



65+ years old 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 72.0 A 2.2 28.0 A 2.2 44 A 3.6 62.5 A 2.3 20.1 A 2.1 17.4 A 1.7

Less than high school 1.5 A 0.6 8.4 A 1.6 14.3 A 2.1 55.4 B 3.1 20.3 A 2.4 83.1 A 2.5 16.9 A 2.5 33 B 7.9 48.0 B 3.1 33.0 B 3.1 19.0 B 2.5

High school 1.7 A 0.3 12.8 A 1.2 20.4 A 1.4 52.4 A 1.7 12.7 A 1.1 82.1 A 1.3 17.9 A 1.3 30 A 3.6 61.6 A 1.6 21.1 A 1.3 17.3 A 1.2

College/Cegep/Trade School 2.3 A 0.4 16.2 A 1.1 26.2 A 1.3 46.4 A 1.5 8.9 A 0.8 81.1 A 1.2 18.9 A 1.2 30 A 3.5 60.6 A 1.4 24.6 A 1.2 14.8 A 1.1

Bachelor's degree 1.5 A 0.4 15.8 A 1.2 28.0 A 1.5 43.1 A 1.6 11.6 A 1.1 66.5 A 1.6 33.5 A 1.6 25 A 3.7 57.1 A 1.6 18.2 A 1.3 24.7 A 1.4

Master's degree or above 1.3 A 0.7 11.5 A 1.4 30.1 A 2.1 41.3 A 2.2 15.7 A 1.7 63.1 A 2.2 36.9 A 2.2 23 A 4.1 60.6 A 2.2 14.8 A 1.5 24.6 A 2.0

In Canada 2.1 A 0.3 14.1 A 0.7 23.8 A 0.8 48.2 A 1.0 11.8 A 0.6 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 .. .. .. 69.6 A 0.6 26.6 A 0.6 3.8 A 0.4

Outside Canada 0.7 A 0.2 14.1 A 1.2 29.1 A 1.6 42.4 A 1.7 13.8 A 1.2 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 27 A 1.9 27.6 A 1.5 5.0 A 0.8 67.4 A 1.6

0% 1.8 A 0.3 13.5 A 0.8 25.1 A 1.0 46.8 A 1.2 12.8 A 0.8 75.5 A 1.0 24.5 A 1.0 27 A 2.7 55.8 A 1.0 25.3 A 0.8 19.0 A 0.9

1% to 49% 2.1 A 0.7 11.9 A 1.7 25.2 A 2.2 45.2 A 2.4 15.6 A 1.9 82.2 A 2.0 17.8 A 2.0 25 B 7.3 66.1 A 2.3 20.8 A 2.0 13.2 A 1.5

50% 1.5 A 0.6 13.5 A 1.2 26.3 A 1.6 47.4 A 1.7 11.4 A 1.0 73.0 A 1.5 27.0 A 1.5 28 A 3.5 66.7 A 1.6 10.5 A 1.1 22.8 A 1.5

51% to 99% 0.6 A 0.5 15.6 B 3.3 20.2 B 4.1 55.5 C 5.1 8.1 A 2.3 66.6 C 5.3 33.4 C 5.3 23 C 11.6 49.6 C 5.2 22.5 B 4.2 27.9 C 5.2

100% 1.9 A 0.5 18.9 A 1.9 24.0 A 1.9 45.4 A 2.4 9.8 A 1.3 72.2 A 2.2 27.8 A 2.2 27 A 4.7 57.1 A 2.3 21.9 A 1.9 21.0 A 2.0

Potential Borrowers

1.4 A 0.7 10.9 A 2.1 30.2 B 3.7 47.9 B 3.7 9.6 A 2.1 69.9 B 3.5 30.1 B 3.5 26 B 6.1 49.5 B 3.7 26.8 B 3.4 23.7 B 3.3


1.9 A 1.2 18.5 B 4.0 36.7 B 5.0 38.4 B 4.9 4.5 A 1.5 63.6 C 5.1 36.4 C 5.1 23 B 8.1 54.5 C 5.1 13.6 B 3.4 32.0 C 5.2

Co-operatives Co-operatives 0.6 A 0.2 14.9 A 1.2 21.5 A 1.5 55.8 A 1.8 7.1 A 1.0 94.3 A 0.9 5.7 A 0.9 27 B 9.1 47.0 A 1.8 47.0 A 1.8 6.0 A 1.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 0.3 A 0.2 8.8 A 1.4 21.2 A 1.8 54.8 A 2.2 15.0 A 1.5 81.9 A 1.8 18.1 A 1.8 27 B 7.2 70.5 A 2.1 17.6 A 1.7 11.8 A 1.5

Not-for-profit 2.6 A 0.5 12.4 A 1.0 24.7 A 1.3 42.7 A 1.4 17.6 A 1.0 91.3 A 0.8 8.7 A 0.8 29 A 4.8 36.7 A 1.3 59.5 A 1.3 3.9 A 0.6

Charity 0.4 A 0.1 8.3 A 1.5 19.4 A 1.1 49.6 A 2.0 22.2 A 1.5 94.7 A 1.1 5.3 A 1.1 33 B 8.6 65.5 A 1.8 31.8 A 1.8 2.6 A 0.5

For-profit 1.5 A 0.6 10.9 A 2.1 27.5 B 3.3 51.0 B 3.7 9.1 A 1.8 73.2 B 3.3 26.8 B 3.3 28 B 6.9 60.0 B 3.7 18.6 B 3.0 21.4 B 3.0

1.6 A 0.2 14.5 A 0.6 26.1 A 0.8 46.3 A 0.9 11.5 A 0.6 74.0 A 0.8 26.0 A 0.8 27 A 2.0 59.1 A 0.8 20.7 A 0.5 20.3 A 0.7

2.5 A 0.6 11.6 A 1.3 18.7 A 1.6 50.1 A 2.3 17.1 A 1.7 81.5 A 1.9 18.5 A 1.9 28 B 6.2 59.5 A 2.2 24.7 A 2.0 15.8 A 1.7



Outside of Canada English

Employment Size

French Less than 30 years

old30 to 39 years old

Notes:J.1 is applicable to all respondents.J.4 is applicable to all respondents.J.5 is applicable only to those born outside of Canada.J.6 is applicable to all respondents.

Survey question(s):J.1 What is the age of the primary decision maker for your business?J.4. Was the primary decision maker born...?J.5. How many years has the primary decision maker resided in Canada?J.6. What is the language that the primary decision maker first learned at home and still understands today?

Table 30: Primary Decision Maker Age, Place of Birth and Language

50 to 64 years old 65+ years old


Number of years resided in Canada (if not born in Canada)

Mother tongue of primary decision maker

Location

Export Status


Age of Business



Region


CMA Level





Other

Place of birth of primary decision maker

40 to 49 years old

Age of primary decision maker

Canada





Place of birth

Female Ownership


Innovation Activities





Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE





100 to 499 employees 58.9 B 3.2 20.7 A 2.5 12.3 A 1.9 3.7 A 1.2 4.5 A 1.7 1.2 A 1.0 5.6 A 1.2 0.1 A 0.1 41.1 B 3.4

Atlantic 51.3 A 2.4 10.8 A 1.5 20.8 A 2.0 1.7 A 0.5 15.4 A 2.0 1.1 A 0.4 4.5 A 1.2 0.3 A 0.2 33.3 A 2.3



Northern Ontario 53.1 B 3.0 8.9 A 1.5 21.0 A 2.5 4.6 A 1.4 12.4 A 2.1 3.6 A 1.0 2.6 A 0.9 0.8 A 0.4 39.6 B 2.9



Manitoba 48.7 B 3.5 8.3 A 1.8 30.4 B 3.2 1.5 A 0.7 11.0 A 2.4 7.1 A 2.2 9.5 A 2.2 0.0 A 0.0 45.7 B 3.5

Saskatchewan 37.7 B 3.4 14.5 A 2.4 36.0 B 3.5 2.3 A 0.9 9.5 A 1.8 2.4 A 0.9 5.6 A 1.7 0.5 A 0.5 59.3 B 3.3

Alberta 43.0 A 2.2 13.2 A 1.5 30.1 A 2.1 2.0 A 0.6 11.7 A 1.4 2.1 A 0.6 12.0 A 1.3 0.3 A 0.1 58.4 A 2.2


St. John's 38.0 D 8.4 11.5 C 5.2 24.7 D 8.4 1.9 A 1.8 24.0 D 8.3 2.6 B 2.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 37.1 D 8.9

Halifax 51.7 C 6.7 7.2 A 2.5 24.6 C 6.1 0.0 A 0.0 16.5 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 6.6 B 2.6 0.3 A 0.3 35.4 C 6.4

Quebec 69.9 C 6.7 7.7 B 2.6 3.8 A 1.7 1.8 A 1.0 16.8 C 6.5 1.1 A 1.1 1.0 A 0.6 0.0 A 0.0 14.7 B 3.4

Montreal 63.9 B 2.6 8.6 A 1.7 9.8 A 1.7 2.5 A 0.8 15.1 A 2.0 0.7 A 0.7 8.8 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.2 26.8 A 2.4

Ottawa-Gatineau 50.9 B 4.7 8.6 A 2.2 17.3 B 3.4 2.5 A 1.5 20.6 B 4.5 2.1 A 1.6 20.9 B 4.5 0.9 A 0.6 29.7 B 3.8


Kingston 55.5 C 5.0 4.4 A 1.8 17.1 B 3.3 1.6 A 1.3 21.4 B 4.6 1.0 A 0.7 10.6 B 3.1 0.0 A 0.0 36.6 B 4.9

Hamilton 52.9 C 6.1 9.8 B 2.9 16.5 B 4.1 4.5 A 2.4 16.4 C 5.4 0.6 A 0.6 7.0 B 2.7 0.5 A 0.3 38.9 C 5.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 59.6 C 6.0 7.9 A 2.5 18.2 B 4.3 2.0 A 1.4 12.3 B 4.8 3.6 B 2.8 9.3 B 4.4 0.0 A 0.0 34.2 C 5.2

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 55.0 C 5.2 11.8 B 3.3 20.2 B 3.6 3.0 B 2.6 10.1 B 2.9 1.1 A 0.9 18.1 B 4.5 0.4 A 0.4 38.6 B 5.0

London 44.4 C 5.5 8.5 A 2.5 27.7 C 5.2 2.4 A 1.7 17.0 B 4.6 0.4 A 0.3 7.1 B 2.7 0.0 A 0.0 38.2 C 5.2

Windsor 48.9 C 5.8 11.9 B 4.1 22.4 B 4.9 1.3 A 1.2 15.6 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 9.4 B 3.4 1.4 A 1.4 39.6 C 5.7

Thunder Bay 59.7 C 5.4 7.6 A 2.2 10.3 B 3.1 3.2 A 1.6 19.2 B 4.6 1.2 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.8 0.1 A 0.0 31.0 B 4.8

Winnipeg 54.4 B 4.6 7.7 A 1.8 24.2 B 4.0 1.3 A 0.8 12.4 B 3.2 7.4 B 2.8 13.2 B 3.1 0.0 A 0.0 41.9 B 4.5

Calgary 42.4 B 4.0 15.5 B 3.4 25.7 B 3.4 1.8 A 0.9 14.6 B 3.0 1.7 A 0.9 20.5 B 3.3 0.2 A 0.2 56.4 B 4.1

Edmonton 40.7 B 4.4 10.8 A 2.4 29.1 B 4.1 4.4 A 1.8 15.0 B 3.0 1.3 A 0.8 13.9 B 2.8 0.3 A 0.3 58.1 B 4.3

Vancouver 51.9 B 3.4 10.3 A 2.1 18.4 A 2.5 4.8 A 1.5 14.6 A 2.4 0.8 A 0.6 30.4 B 3.2 1.1 A 0.6 59.5 B 3.3

Victoria 54.2 D 8.5 7.3 B 3.4 27.3 D 7.9 6.0 B 3.1 5.3 B 2.8 2.1 A 2.1 16.1 C 6.3 0.0 A 0.0 56.4 D 8.3

47.2 A 2.5 16.4 A 1.7 31.0 A 2.3 1.9 A 0.7 3.6 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.4 2.3 A 0.9 0.2 A 0.1 65.4 A 2.3

68.3 A 2.1 7.0 A 1.0 20.7 A 1.9 1.0 A 0.4 2.9 A 0.6 2.5 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.3 37.1 A 2.2

56.5 A 2.2 12.5 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.7 3.6 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.5 8.1 A 1.3 0.1 A 0.1 44.1 A 2.2

57.3 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.6 19.0 A 1.8 1.6 A 0.5 7.4 A 1.4 0.5 A 0.3 11.8 A 1.5 0.1 A 0.1 40.1 A 2.2

43.6 A 2.3 9.5 A 1.3 22.6 A 1.8 3.0 A 0.7 21.3 A 2.0 2.1 A 0.7 14.3 A 1.7 0.1 A 0.1 44.1 A 2.3

66.1 B 2.6 9.9 A 1.6 16.9 A 2.0 0.5 A 0.2 6.6 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.5 17.8 A 2.1 0.4 A 0.3 42.9 B 2.6

54.9 A 2.2 12.1 A 1.6 18.1 A 1.7 1.6 A 0.6 13.3 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.4 15.4 A 1.8 0.9 A 0.4 37.6 A 2.1

42.6 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.1 29.8 A 2.2 2.4 A 0.6 17.5 A 1.9 0.8 A 0.3 24.1 A 2.1 0.3 A 0.1 44.0 A 2.3

45.4 A 2.3 7.0 A 1.2 22.5 A 2.1 5.7 A 1.4 19.4 A 2.0 0.8 A 0.5 11.9 A 1.8 0.9 A 0.4 46.8 A 2.3

49.1 A 2.2 10.1 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.6 3.8 A 0.9 20.0 A 1.8 1.3 A 0.4 13.5 A 1.6 0.7 A 0.4 35.8 A 2.0

Tourism 35.7 B 3.9 11.4 B 2.7 31.0 B 4.1 3.1 A 1.1 18.8 B 3.5 1.3 A 0.6 10.0 A 2.1 0.4 A 0.2 44.2 B 4.3

Information and Communication 54.3 B 3.2 10.3 A 1.9 24.4 B 3.1 2.0 A 0.8 8.9 A 2.3 0.4 A 0.4 20.7 B 2.9 1.4 A 1.1 42.6 B 3.3

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 59.2 C 5.2 13.8 B 3.8 17.8 B 3.7 1.8 A 1.2 7.4 A 2.5 1.5 A 0.8 10.6 B 3.4 0.2 A 0.1 39.1 C 5.2

Rural 49.9 A 1.7 12.2 A 1.1 26.1 A 1.5 1.7 A 0.3 10.1 A 1.1 2.2 A 0.5 2.4 A 0.5 0.4 A 0.2 48.5 A 1.7

Urban 54.2 A 0.9 9.7 A 0.5 19.7 A 0.7 2.7 A 0.3 13.8 A 0.6 1.3 A 0.2 14.5 A 0.7 0.5 A 0.1 40.0 A 0.9



High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 57.4 B 3.0 10.6 A 1.6 17.2 A 2.2 3.4 A 1.2 11.5 A 2.1 0.7 A 0.4 10.0 A 2.0 0.3 A 0.2 40.2 B 3.0

55.4 B 2.5 9.2 A 1.3 21.9 A 2.1 1.9 A 0.5 11.6 A 1.8 1.3 A 0.6 11.6 A 1.8 0.0 A 0.0 39.4 B 2.5



51.0 A 2.5 10.1 A 1.4 23.6 A 2.1 2.4 A 0.7 12.9 A 1.7 1.6 A 0.5 15.4 A 1.9 0.3 A 0.2 39.6 A 2.3

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 53.0 A 2.5 7.9 A 1.4 20.9 A 2.1 3.2 A 1.0 14.9 A 1.6 1.2 A 0.6 18.1 A 2.0 1.0 A 0.8 37.4 A 2.4




50.3 A 1.9 12.3 A 1.2 22.2 A 1.6 3.6 A 0.8 11.7 A 1.2 1.0 A 0.3 14.2 A 1.4 0.4 A 0.2 47.5 A 1.9

51.1 A 2.2 13.5 A 1.5 23.3 A 1.9 3.3 A 0.7 9.0 A 1.3 1.1 A 0.5 12.7 A 1.6 0.9 A 0.6 49.9 A 2.2

56.6 A 2.3 10.4 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.7 3.7 A 0.9 12.2 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.7 11.1 A 1.5 0.3 A 0.1 44.0 A 2.3

48.1 A 2.2 11.4 A 1.4 22.6 A 1.9 2.7 A 0.8 15.2 A 1.6 1.7 A 0.6 15.7 A 1.7 0.3 A 0.2 44.3 A 2.3

52.0 A 1.5 12.0 A 0.9 21.2 A 1.2 3.2 A 0.6 11.7 A 0.9 1.3 A 0.3 13.2 A 1.1 0.6 A 0.3 45.5 A 1.5

54.7 A 1.0 9.0 A 0.6 20.8 A 0.8 2.2 A 0.3 13.4 A 0.7 1.5 A 0.2 11.1 A 0.7 0.4 A 0.1 39.8 A 1.0


Holds Formal IP 53.1 A 2.4 12.6 A 1.3 19.9 A 2.0 3.5 A 0.8 10.9 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.3 11.5 A 1.6 0.2 A 0.1 43.1 A 2.4

No IP 54.3 A 1.0 9.4 A 0.5 20.6 A 0.8 2.3 A 0.3 13.3 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.2 11.4 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.1 41.2 A 0.9



Procurement Did business with Federal government 59.5 B 2.7 17.7 A 2.0 15.7 A 2.1 1.7 A 0.6 5.4 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.2 6.0 A 1.1 0.3 A 0.2 37.2 B 2.7

<30 years old 54.6 C 6.2 12.0 B 3.9 17.9 C 5.8 0.9 A 0.7 14.6 B 3.4 0.0 A 0.0 13.6 B 3.3 0.0 A 0.0 33.6 C 5.2




65+ years old 55.6 A 2.2 12.9 A 1.6 19.4 A 1.6 1.6 A 0.5 10.4 A 1.4 1.5 A 0.5 6.8 A 1.4 0.7 A 0.3 43.5 A 2.2

Less than high school 64.6 B 2.8 8.4 A 1.5 21.0 A 2.3 0.7 A 0.3 5.3 A 1.3 0.2 A 0.1 7.4 A 1.5 1.2 A 0.6 43.1 B 3.1







0% 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.4 A 0.3 11.6 A 0.7 0.6 A 0.2 24.5 A 1.0

1% to 49% 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.8 A 0.5 8.5 A 1.7 0.5 A 0.3 68.8 A 2.3

50% 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.7 A 0.3 10.9 A 1.1 0.1 A 0.1 79.6 A 1.4

51% to 99% 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 1.7 A 1.2 20.1 B 4.5 0.0 A 0.0 70.1 B 4.7

100% 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 2.5 A 0.6 18.1 A 2.0 0.6 A 0.3 23.8 A 1.9

Potential Borrowers53.9 B 3.7 5.4 A 1.6 20.0 B 3.0 4.4 A 1.3 16.3 B 2.5 0.5 A 0.3 19.9 B 3.1 1.9 A 1.2 34.4 B 3.4


51.3 C 5.1 10.9 B 3.6 21.4 B 3.6 5.5 B 3.2 10.8 B 3.2 3.6 A 1.7 17.6 B 3.9 1.0 A 0.6 42.7 C 5.1


Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 67.7 A 2.1 13.7 A 1.5 13.8 A 1.5 1.0 A 0.6 3.8 A 0.9 0.9 A 0.5 3.6 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 39.5 A 2.2



For-profit 47.1 B 3.7 11.2 A 2.2 22.9 B 3.0 5.4 A 1.9 13.4 A 2.5 1.7 A 0.7 16.7 B 2.9 0.5 A 0.3 46.0 B 3.6

53.4 A 0.9 10.9 A 0.5 21.9 A 0.7 2.5 A 0.3 11.4 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.2 12.8 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.1 43.0 A 0.8

53.1 A 2.3 5.4 A 0.9 15.0 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.7 24.1 A 2.0 1.6 A 0.4 8.1 A 1.4 0.6 A 0.2 32.7 A 2.0


Export Status


Age of Business


Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)






CMA Level

Region





Notes:J.7 and J.8 are applicable to all respondents.

Survey question(s): J.7 What percentage of your business is owned by women?J.8. What percentage of your business is owned by...

1%-49%0%

Table 31: Ownership Characteristics


Visible Minority Person(s) with a disability

Majority ownership held by:

Aboriginal Members of the same family

Female ownership

51%-99% 100%50%






Place of birth

Female Ownership



Social Enterprises

Location

Employment Size



% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE





100 to 499 employees 3.0 A 1.3 17.5 B 2.5 13.5 A 1.6 46.9 B 3.5 19.1 A 2.2 2.8 A 0.7 15.4 B 2.9 81.8 B 2.9


Quebec 9.2 A 1.1 23.9 A 1.6 32.5 A 1.7 23.3 A 1.6 11.1 A 1.2 7.7 A 1.0 21.0 A 1.7 71.3 A 1.8


Northern Ontario 5.3 A 1.2 23.7 B 2.6 38.6 B 2.9 20.5 A 2.2 11.9 A 1.8 6.5 A 1.6 18.1 A 2.2 75.4 B 2.6



Manitoba 8.7 A 1.9 30.9 B 3.2 29.1 B 3.4 25.9 B 3.2 5.4 A 1.5 5.2 A 1.2 25.0 B 3.3 69.8 B 3.4

Saskatchewan 8.8 A 2.1 32.5 B 3.2 31.9 B 3.1 17.9 B 2.7 8.9 A 1.9 4.3 A 1.0 26.5 B 3.0 69.2 B 3.1



St. John's 0.0 A 0.0 20.5 D 7.7 37.1 D 8.9 29.5 D 8.3 12.9 C 5.3 2.9 A 1.5 16.2 C 5.8 80.9 C 6.0

Halifax 6.7 B 3.6 14.5 C 5.2 28.0 B 5.0 25.6 C 5.4 25.2 C 6.1 4.0 A 1.5 13.8 B 4.0 82.2 B 4.3

Quebec 10.5 B 4.1 13.0 B 3.5 38.3 C 7.0 32.3 C 6.8 5.9 B 2.5 4.7 A 1.6 24.2 C 6.7 71.1 C 6.7

Montreal 4.3 A 1.0 19.0 A 2.1 30.8 B 2.6 30.1 B 2.7 15.7 A 2.0 8.0 A 1.5 20.4 A 2.4 71.5 B 2.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 5.2 A 2.3 16.6 B 3.6 23.4 B 3.6 29.9 B 4.6 24.9 B 4.0 8.7 B 2.7 20.9 B 3.5 70.4 B 4.0


Kingston 2.7 A 1.3 19.6 B 3.9 27.2 B 4.7 30.7 B 4.7 19.8 B 4.1 4.5 A 2.2 15.7 B 3.4 79.8 B 3.9

Hamilton 1.9 A 0.9 16.4 B 4.2 33.4 C 5.6 23.3 B 4.1 24.9 C 6.4 6.9 B 3.7 7.4 B 2.7 85.7 B 4.4

St. Catharines-Niagara 5.2 A 2.0 21.5 C 5.5 29.6 B 5.0 28.0 C 5.5 15.7 B 4.9 4.2 A 1.6 20.3 B 4.5 75.5 B 4.6

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 4.6 A 2.2 25.5 B 4.9 16.5 B 3.3 33.1 C 5.2 20.2 C 5.1 3.1 A 1.3 13.5 B 3.3 83.4 B 3.5

London 6.4 B 2.7 26.1 C 5.3 13.9 B 2.8 25.0 B 4.6 28.6 C 5.0 7.5 B 3.0 23.3 C 5.0 69.1 C 5.3

Windsor 2.6 A 1.4 23.5 C 5.5 24.9 B 4.3 29.4 C 5.6 19.6 B 4.9 5.1 A 1.8 10.2 B 3.3 84.7 B 3.7

Thunder Bay 10.4 B 3.8 19.9 B 4.2 35.3 C 5.3 15.9 B 3.2 18.5 B 4.7 0.7 A 0.7 18.8 B 4.5 80.5 B 4.5

Winnipeg 4.3 A 1.6 28.4 B 4.1 29.0 B 4.4 32.5 B 4.3 5.8 A 1.8 3.9 A 1.3 25.0 B 4.1 71.1 B 4.2

Calgary 4.7 A 1.7 14.5 A 2.3 31.7 B 3.9 29.2 B 3.5 19.9 B 3.6 6.4 A 1.9 20.4 B 3.2 73.2 B 3.5

Edmonton 2.9 A 1.0 23.8 B 3.9 28.5 B 4.2 27.5 B 3.8 17.3 B 3.2 11.3 B 3.0 15.4 B 3.1 73.3 B 4.0

Vancouver 2.0 A 0.8 21.3 B 2.9 25.2 B 3.0 35.0 B 3.2 16.4 B 2.5 4.4 A 1.0 22.0 B 3.1 73.6 B 3.1

Victoria 4.6 B 2.9 30.3 D 7.8 15.8 C 6.1 26.3 D 7.5 22.9 D 7.5 5.2 B 2.8 16.7 C 6.8 78.1 C 7.1

14.9 A 1.8 38.2 B 2.5 29.6 A 2.3 14.0 A 1.7 3.3 A 0.8 4.5 A 0.9 16.5 A 1.9 79.0 A 2.0

11.2 A 1.7 34.9 A 2.4 40.1 A 2.3 11.1 A 1.3 2.6 A 0.7 6.4 A 1.1 22.9 A 2.1 70.7 A 2.2

6.0 A 0.9 20.2 A 1.9 30.1 A 2.1 28.6 A 2.1 15.0 A 1.7 3.8 A 0.8 14.4 A 1.6 81.9 A 1.7

6.3 A 1.2 20.6 A 1.8 26.9 A 2.0 34.7 A 2.2 11.5 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.5 14.3 A 1.6 83.4 A 1.7

5.6 A 1.2 26.9 A 2.1 24.8 A 2.0 36.6 A 2.4 6.1 A 1.1 8.8 A 1.5 20.9 A 1.9 70.3 A 2.2

10.9 A 1.5 37.3 B 2.6 31.2 B 2.6 17.2 A 2.0 3.4 A 0.8 7.6 A 1.4 22.5 A 2.3 69.9 B 2.6

0.7 A 0.4 5.3 A 0.9 23.3 A 2.0 36.3 A 2.2 34.5 A 2.2 7.0 A 1.2 24.6 A 2.0 68.3 A 2.1

5.5 A 1.1 29.2 A 2.2 26.7 A 2.1 28.3 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.4 10.2 A 1.4 24.5 A 2.2 65.3 A 2.4

7.5 A 1.4 20.6 A 1.9 55.2 A 2.4 12.2 A 1.4 4.6 A 1.0 6.1 A 0.9 19.3 A 1.9 74.6 A 2.0

4.0 A 0.7 17.4 A 1.7 19.1 A 1.8 29.4 A 2.1 30.1 A 2.1 6.8 A 1.1 21.3 A 1.9 72.0 A 2.1

Tourism 4.3 A 1.5 31.1 B 4.0 22.2 B 3.2 29.7 B 3.8 12.7 B 3.6 6.9 B 3.0 22.8 B 4.1 70.3 B 4.4

Information and Communication 0.0 A 0.0 3.8 A 1.4 23.1 B 2.9 46.0 B 3.3 27.1 B 2.8 7.8 A 1.5 32.9 B 3.2 59.3 B 3.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 3.1 A 2.0 19.4 B 4.4 22.7 B 4.3 30.5 C 5.3 24.3 B 4.3 7.6 B 2.8 31.6 C 5.1 60.7 C 5.3

Rural 11.6 A 1.1 31.6 A 1.7 35.3 A 1.7 15.8 A 1.2 5.6 A 0.9 4.6 A 0.5 21.0 A 1.5 74.4 A 1.5

Urban 5.3 A 0.4 21.7 A 0.7 27.8 A 0.8 27.8 A 0.8 17.3 A 0.7 7.2 A 0.5 21.2 A 0.8 71.6 A 0.9



High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 4.3 A 1.0 19.4 A 2.4 30.5 B 2.9 28.3 B 2.7 17.5 B 2.5 4.8 A 1.8 24.3 B 2.7 70.9 B 2.9

5.7 A 1.2 24.4 A 2.3 28.0 A 2.2 27.5 A 2.4 14.4 A 1.8 3.6 A 0.7 23.9 A 2.3 72.5 A 2.3



6.1 A 1.0 27.7 A 2.3 30.6 A 2.2 20.9 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.7 3.5 A 1.0 20.0 A 2.1 76.5 A 2.2





5.4 A 1.0 18.2 A 1.5 27.0 A 1.6 30.4 A 1.8 19.0 A 1.6 7.0 A 1.0 23.1 A 1.6 69.9 A 1.8

5.3 A 1.1 17.1 A 1.7 29.6 A 2.0 28.2 A 2.0 19.9 A 1.9 7.0 A 1.2 19.5 A 1.8 73.5 A 2.0

3.3 A 0.7 16.8 A 1.9 31.2 A 2.1 28.2 A 2.1 20.5 A 2.0 6.3 A 1.0 21.8 A 1.9 72.0 A 2.0

2.9 A 0.6 21.1 A 1.9 30.7 A 2.1 28.8 A 2.0 16.5 A 1.8 6.9 A 1.0 20.6 A 1.8 72.5 A 2.0

4.8 A 0.7 19.0 A 1.2 29.3 A 1.3 29.0 A 1.3 17.9 A 1.2 7.1 A 0.8 21.9 A 1.2 71.0 A 1.4

7.7 A 0.5 25.6 A 0.9 29.7 A 0.9 22.9 A 0.9 14.1 A 0.7 6.3 A 0.5 20.3 A 0.9 73.4 A 1.0



No IP 8.3 A 0.6 27.5 A 0.9 30.8 A 0.9 20.9 A 0.8 12.5 A 0.7 6.9 A 0.5 21.3 A 0.9 71.8 A 0.9



Procurement Did business with Federal government 3.1 A 1.1 14.1 A 2.0 18.9 A 2.0 38.8 B 2.7 25.2 A 2.5 1.8 A 0.6 14.6 A 2.1 83.6 A 2.2

<30 years old 5.6 A 2.1 22.5 B 4.0 38.7 C 5.9 21.7 C 5.4 11.5 C 5.7 55.5 C 5.9 44.5 C 5.9 0.0 A 0.0





Less than high school 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.8 A 1.3 12.7 A 2.1 82.6 A 2.3







0% 7.9 A 0.6 24.7 A 1.0 28.2 A 1.0 24.7 A 1.0 14.5 A 0.8 5.8 A 0.5 20.9 A 1.0 73.3 A 1.0

1% to 49% 5.4 A 1.0 21.0 A 1.8 29.3 A 2.2 26.5 A 2.2 17.9 A 2.2 6.3 A 1.3 20.3 A 2.1 73.4 A 2.3

50% 6.6 A 0.8 25.3 A 1.5 29.7 A 1.6 25.0 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.3 6.9 A 0.9 19.9 A 1.5 73.2 A 1.6

51% to 99% 2.0 A 0.9 18.2 B 4.4 36.3 C 5.1 28.9 B 4.5 14.7 B 3.7 12.7 B 3.0 18.0 B 4.1 69.4 B 4.7

100% 2.7 A 0.7 19.5 A 1.8 31.6 A 2.1 28.3 A 2.2 18.0 A 1.8 9.3 A 1.3 25.5 A 2.0 65.2 A 2.2

Potential Borrowers9.0 A 2.3 20.9 B 3.1 30.2 B 3.4 27.9 B 3.3 12.0 A 2.4 8.9 A 1.9 22.5 B 3.2 68.5 B 3.5


7.5 A 2.0 25.3 B 4.7 30.5 B 4.7 22.2 B 3.9 14.5 B 3.6 8.4 A 2.0 29.9 B 4.9 61.7 B 4.9





For-profit 3.1 A 1.0 17.6 B 2.7 31.4 B 3.4 34.6 B 3.6 13.4 A 2.5 5.8 A 1.3 18.5 B 2.8 75.7 B 3.0

6.1 A 0.4 22.6 A 0.7 29.3 A 0.8 26.4 A 0.8 15.5 A 0.6 6.8 A 0.5 21.5 A 0.8 71.6 A 0.8

9.3 A 1.1 29.6 A 2.1 29.3 A 2.0 19.8 A 1.9 12.0 A 1.5 6.0 A 0.8 18.5 A 1.6 75.5 A 1.8


Table 32: Primary Decision Maker Education and Experience


Social Enterprises

Employment Size

Region





Survey question(s):J.2. What is the highest level of education attained by the primary decision maker for your business?J.3. How many years of experience does the primary decision maker have in owning or managing a business?

Notes:J.2 and J.3 are applicable to all respondents.



5 to 10 years

Highest level of education attained Years of experience managing or owning a business

Less than high school diploma High school diploma

College, cegep or trade school diploma Bachelor's degree

Master's degree or above More than 10 years



Place of birth

Female Ownership

Age of Business

Less than 5 years

Location


CMA Level





Export Status




A new organizational method in your business practices, A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovations





% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE




20 to 99 employees 78.5 A 1.6 21.5 A 1.6 13.1 B 2.6 14.4 B 2.9 10.3 B 2.9 45.3 B 4.1 11.6 B 2.8 5.3 A 1.3

100 to 499 employees 83.4 B 2.9 16.6 B 2.9 10.9 B 3.9 11.0 B 3.8 23.9 E 11.5 45.1 D 9.4 0.1 A 0.1 9.0 B 3.2

Atlantic 72.6 A 2.1 27.4 A 2.1 12.1 B 2.6 5.2 A 1.4 1.6 A 0.7 37.9 B 4.7 38.3 B 4.8 4.8 A 1.9

Quebec 68.1 A 1.8 31.9 A 1.8 13.1 A 2.1 9.2 A 1.5 12.9 A 2.2 36.9 B 3.1 21.1 B 2.6 6.8 A 2.1


Northern Ontario 63.5 B 2.8 36.5 B 2.8 7.3 B 2.5 6.7 A 2.4 12.3 B 3.4 38.9 B 4.8 22.0 B 4.3 12.8 B 3.5


Prairies 70.7 A 1.6 29.3 A 1.6 7.8 A 1.6 10.4 A 2.0 5.4 A 1.6 36.2 B 3.1 36.5 B 3.1 3.7 A 1.5

Manitoba 65.4 B 3.5 34.6 B 3.5 10.1 B 3.6 17.7 C 5.1 1.6 A 0.9 45.5 C 6.2 19.3 B 4.7 5.8 A 2.2

Saskatchewan 75.3 B 2.9 24.7 B 2.9 18.2 C 6.4 12.6 C 5.3 10.6 B 3.4 29.5 C 5.9 26.2 C 5.2 3.0 A 1.8

Alberta 70.9 A 2.1 29.1 A 2.1 5.1 A 1.6 8.1 A 2.4 5.3 A 2.2 35.0 B 4.0 43.2 B 4.2 3.3 A 2.0

British Columbia and Territories 72.7 A 2.0 27.3 A 2.0 8.5 A 2.1 5.9 A 2.0 5.6 A 2.0 44.8 B 4.1 30.5 B 4.0 4.7 A 1.7

St. John's 74.7 D 8.1 25.3 D 8.1 13.5 E 12.4 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 40.9 F 19.5 45.6 F 18.0 0.0 A 0.0

Halifax 69.8 C 6.5 30.2 C 6.5 8.0 C 5.2 0.0 A 0.0 2.8 A 2.1 55.1 E 12.9 30.0 E 11.2 4.0 B 4.0

Quebec 68.8 C 5.7 31.2 C 5.7 9.3 C 5.5 11.1 C 5.3 28.8 E 10.6 30.8 D 8.4 19.0 C 7.4 0.9 A 0.8

Montreal 74.2 A 2.4 25.8 A 2.4 6.9 A 2.1 9.0 B 2.6 11.9 B 3.4 40.7 B 4.8 27.5 B 4.9 4.0 A 1.7

Ottawa-Gatineau 64.5 B 4.9 35.5 B 4.9 15.8 C 5.6 2.2 A 1.1 16.1 D 8.2 27.5 D 8.5 29.3 D 7.5 9.1 C 6.3

Toronto 74.1 A 1.8 25.9 A 1.8 8.8 A 2.0 2.0 A 0.6 12.3 B 2.8 39.2 B 4.0 27.3 B 3.7 10.5 B 2.5

Kingston 62.1 B 5.0 37.9 B 5.0 5.9 B 3.0 3.7 A 2.1 9.7 B 4.9 37.9 D 8.2 25.4 D 7.6 17.4 D 7.7

Hamilton 73.1 C 5.0 26.9 C 5.0 22.9 E 10.1 2.3 A 1.5 6.8 B 3.8 41.5 E 10.4 20.1 D 8.0 6.4 B 3.1

St. Catharines-Niagara 68.7 B 5.0 31.3 B 5.0 9.8 B 4.3 2.7 A 1.9 6.3 B 3.7 51.3 D 9.2 25.5 D 9.2 4.3 B 2.7

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 64.1 C 5.6 35.9 C 5.6 10.2 C 6.9 7.3 B 4.9 9.8 C 6.9 41.5 D 9.2 23.4 D 7.7 7.8 B 4.4

London 69.8 C 5.6 30.2 C 5.6 12.5 C 6.4 2.2 A 2.2 13.5 C 7.4 42.9 E 10.8 21.8 D 10.0 7.2 C 5.2

Windsor 67.7 C 5.8 32.3 C 5.8 9.5 B 4.9 13.7 C 6.6 12.0 D 8.4 31.6 E 11.3 28.4 D 9.5 4.8 B 3.5

Thunder Bay 67.7 C 5.4 32.3 C 5.4 7.5 C 5.5 9.5 B 4.5 9.0 C 5.9 17.5 C 7.3 28.8 D 9.7 27.7 D 10.0

Winnipeg 68.5 B 4.5 31.5 B 4.5 11.0 C 5.0 17.1 C 7.1 0.5 A 0.4 46.6 D 8.5 18.4 C 6.3 6.3 B 2.9

Calgary 72.3 B 3.5 27.7 B 3.5 3.1 A 1.8 8.7 B 3.6 3.4 A 2.4 34.1 C 6.9 50.5 C 7.3 0.1 A 0.1

Edmonton 65.5 B 4.4 34.5 B 4.4 2.5 A 1.4 5.2 B 3.3 0.0 A 0.0 44.8 D 8.3 47.3 D 8.3 0.2 A 0.2

Vancouver 76.5 B 2.8 23.5 B 2.8 10.7 B 3.7 3.1 A 1.7 9.6 B 4.4 50.9 C 6.8 24.2 C 5.4 1.6 A 1.6

Victoria 78.0 C 6.7 22.0 C 6.7 11.3 E 10.0 9.4 D 9.2 6.1 B 4.7 33.1 F 15.0 40.0 F 17.6 0.0 A 0.0

68.2 A 2.4 31.8 A 2.4 26.6 B 4.0 18.9 B 3.3 1.3 A 0.7 25.5 B 4.1 22.4 B 3.9 5.5 A 1.5

72.7 A 2.2 27.3 A 2.2 12.3 B 2.6 9.6 A 2.4 7.9 B 2.5 18.9 B 3.9 45.6 B 4.5 5.7 A 2.4

70.3 A 2.2 29.7 A 2.2 13.9 B 3.3 12.3 B 2.9 8.5 A 2.1 45.2 B 4.5 14.3 B 3.3 5.8 A 2.1

71.2 A 2.1 28.8 A 2.1 17.2 B 3.4 10.0 B 2.7 7.9 A 2.5 38.4 B 4.2 22.3 B 3.6 4.2 A 1.5

63.0 A 2.3 37.0 A 2.3 9.9 B 2.6 8.4 A 2.3 9.0 A 2.5 51.5 B 4.0 13.8 B 2.5 7.4 A 2.0

76.5 A 2.2 23.5 A 2.2 9.5 B 2.7 6.7 A 1.9 2.5 A 1.3 34.9 B 4.9 41.1 C 5.4 5.3 A 2.3

71.7 A 2.0 28.3 A 2.0 7.8 A 2.3 0.7 A 0.5 14.0 B 3.2 33.5 B 4.0 39.7 B 4.0 4.2 A 1.2

62.4 A 2.4 37.6 A 2.4 6.2 A 1.9 5.2 A 1.5 7.2 A 2.2 68.4 B 3.7 7.2 A 1.6 5.8 A 2.0

67.8 A 2.4 32.2 A 2.4 12.3 B 3.1 5.4 A 1.9 16.5 B 3.5 38.0 B 4.4 22.7 B 3.4 5.1 A 2.5

76.3 A 1.8 23.7 A 1.8 4.2 A 1.4 3.9 A 1.5 9.3 B 2.7 37.4 B 4.2 35.6 B 4.1 9.6 B 3.0

Tourism 66.0 B 3.9 34.0 B 3.9 3.4 B 2.6 7.3 B 2.7 6.7 B 3.6 65.7 C 6.5 15.4 C 5.2 1.5 A 0.8

Information and Communication 79.3 B 2.8 20.7 B 2.8 0.5 A 0.5 0.0 A 0.0 6.2 B 3.1 46.4 C 7.4 44.8 D 7.6 2.1 A 1.6

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 74.4 B 4.6 25.6 B 4.6 4.2 B 3.1 0.8 A 0.8 18.4 D 7.9 41.8 E 10.3 34.7 D 9.5 0.0 A 0.0

Rural 69.8 A 1.6 30.2 A 1.6 15.7 A 2.1 12.4 A 1.9 4.9 A 1.2 38.8 B 3.1 23.2 B 2.7 4.9 A 1.5

Urban 70.9 A 0.8 29.1 A 0.8 9.3 A 0.9 5.9 A 0.7 10.1 A 1.1 39.0 A 1.6 29.2 A 1.5 6.6 A 0.9

Exporter 72.7 A 2.1 27.3 A 2.1 14.7 B 2.8 5.9 A 1.6 10.6 B 2.7 45.9 B 4.5 14.9 B 2.9 8.0 B 3.8


High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 73.2 B 2.7 26.8 B 2.7 12.2 B 4.1 6.4 A 2.4 9.3 B 3.6 51.9 C 5.9 16.1 B 4.1 4.2 A 1.9

71.7 A 2.5 28.3 A 2.5 10.7 A 2.2 8.5 A 2.3 10.9 B 2.6 42.4 C 5.3 15.7 B 3.2 11.8 B 4.6


No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 66.0 A 1.9 34.0 A 1.9 9.4 A 1.7 5.1 A 1.3 4.7 A 1.8 34.8 B 3.3 39.7 B 3.4 6.3 A 1.6

60.7 A 2.4 39.3 A 2.4 4.6 A 1.1 5.5 A 1.4 7.5 B 2.7 39.1 B 3.5 39.8 B 3.7 3.6 A 1.0

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 79.6 A 2.0 20.4 A 2.0 9.7 B 3.7 1.9 A 0.9 11.0 B 4.2 47.3 C 5.3 20.9 B 3.3 9.2 B 3.9

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 76.8 A 1.3 23.2 A 1.3 7.1 A 1.7 4.5 A 1.1 9.3 A 1.7 43.1 B 3.1 30.9 B 2.8 5.2 A 1.2

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 71.2 A 1.4 28.8 A 1.4 11.8 A 1.7 6.4 A 1.5 8.8 A 1.6 39.0 B 2.8 28.4 B 2.7 5.5 A 1.3


73.5 A 1.7 26.5 A 1.7 14.1 A 2.3 7.5 A 2.0 8.9 A 2.0 46.1 B 3.7 14.4 A 2.3 9.0 B 2.9

72.5 A 2.0 27.5 A 2.0 15.8 B 2.7 9.0 A 1.9 8.9 B 2.6 43.3 B 4.2 17.1 B 3.3 5.9 A 2.1

73.8 A 2.1 26.2 A 2.1 16.0 B 3.0 7.9 A 2.0 10.4 B 2.5 45.4 B 4.7 14.7 B 3.3 5.5 A 2.1

70.3 A 2.1 29.7 A 2.1 14.0 A 2.5 8.2 A 2.1 9.1 A 2.3 51.3 B 4.3 12.1 B 2.9 5.3 A 1.9

72.6 A 1.3 27.4 A 1.3 14.2 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.4 9.5 A 1.6 44.3 B 2.9 16.7 A 2.1 6.7 A 1.8

70.3 A 0.9 29.7 A 0.9 9.2 A 1.0 6.1 A 0.8 8.4 A 1.1 35.3 A 1.8 35.1 A 1.8 5.9 A 0.8

Holds IP 73.3 A 1.4 26.7 A 1.4 7.1 A 1.4 5.9 A 1.4 10.1 A 1.6 44.6 B 3.1 25.1 B 2.8 7.2 A 2.0

Holds Formal IP 75.5 A 2.1 24.5 A 2.1 6.2 A 1.7 7.5 B 2.9 10.3 B 2.9 48.4 B 4.8 20.0 B 4.2 7.6 A 1.8

No IP 70.2 A 0.9 29.8 A 0.9 11.9 A 1.1 7.1 A 0.8 8.2 A 1.1 35.8 A 1.7 31.2 A 1.7 5.8 A 0.8


Familiar with at least one type of IP 68.6 A 1.8 31.4 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.7 4.5 A 1.1 4.5 A 1.3 34.9 B 3.3 39.4 B 3.3 7.5 A 2.2

Procurement Did business with Federal government 73.2 A 2.5 26.8 A 2.5 12.2 B 3.2 14.0 B 3.7 14.1 B 3.7 43.9 C 5.3 9.1 B 3.1 6.8 A 2.1

<30 years old 88.2 B 2.9 11.8 B 2.9 1.6 A 1.5 24.1 E 11.9 0.0 A 0.0 42.9 E 12.5 27.8 D 9.0 3.7 B 2.7

30 to 39 years old 81.6 A 1.7 18.4 A 1.7 16.8 B 4.2 5.3 A 2.0 7.4 A 2.0 36.6 B 4.8 27.1 B 4.6 6.8 B 2.7

40 to 49 years old 81.8 A 1.2 18.2 A 1.2 5.7 A 1.3 5.8 A 1.8 13.4 B 2.7 42.5 B 3.5 24.2 B 3.2 8.3 A 1.9


65+ years old 51.0 A 2.3 49.0 A 2.3 13.3 A 1.9 6.8 A 1.4 7.3 A 1.8 34.5 B 3.1 30.9 B 3.0 7.3 A 2.2

Less than high school 62.0 B 3.2 38.0 B 3.2 10.8 B 3.0 12.8 B 3.5 9.0 B 3.6 34.3 C 5.2 28.1 B 4.3 5.0 B 3.0

High school 67.3 A 1.6 32.7 A 1.6 11.3 A 1.6 8.5 A 1.5 8.7 A 1.9 37.2 B 2.9 28.9 B 2.8 5.3 A 1.4

College/Cegep/Trade School 72.1 A 1.3 27.9 A 1.3 12.1 A 1.6 8.2 A 1.2 9.0 A 1.7 37.1 B 2.6 28.9 A 2.4 4.6 A 1.0

Bachelor's degree 73.3 A 1.5 26.7 A 1.5 10.1 A 2.0 5.2 A 1.2 8.9 A 1.7 46.0 B 3.2 21.9 B 2.7 7.9 A 2.0

Master's degree or above 72.5 A 1.9 27.5 A 1.9 6.8 A 1.6 2.4 A 1.0 10.0 A 2.4 37.1 B 3.7 34.6 B 3.9 9.1 A 2.2


Outside Canada 70.7 A 1.5 29.3 A 1.5 10.4 A 1.8 2.9 A 0.8 8.0 A 1.9 43.7 B 3.0 28.6 B 2.7 6.3 A 1.4

0% 71.4 A 1.0 28.6 A 1.0 9.7 A 1.0 6.4 A 0.9 9.3 A 1.3 38.2 A 2.0 30.1 A 1.9 6.4 A 1.1

1% to 49% 70.7 A 2.2 29.3 A 2.2 22.5 B 3.9 11.9 B 2.7 8.8 B 2.7 35.4 B 4.0 18.0 B 3.9 3.5 A 1.4

50% 68.4 A 1.6 31.6 A 1.6 7.4 A 1.5 10.3 A 1.7 8.3 A 1.7 39.7 B 3.0 27.4 B 2.8 6.9 A 1.8

51% to 99% 71.1 B 4.7 28.9 B 4.7 24.0 D 9.7 2.3 A 1.3 16.6 C 6.6 31.5 D 8.4 22.6 C 7.0 3.0 A 1.8

100% 71.4 A 2.1 28.6 A 2.1 7.7 A 1.9 2.0 A 0.9 8.2 B 3.0 45.1 B 4.5 29.9 B 4.0 7.1 A 2.2

Potential Borrowers58.9 B 3.7 41.1 B 3.7 7.1 B 2.6 3.5 A 1.7 11.7 B 4.1 34.5 C 5.4 37.9 C 5.6 5.4 A 1.8


76.0 B 4.0 24.0 B 4.0 6.4 B 3.8 5.3 B 3.9 8.3 B 4.2 60.9 D 8.3 15.8 C 5.5 3.4 A 1.7

Co-operatives Co-operatives 91.3 A 1.1 8.7 A 1.1 5.3 A 2.4 0.0 A 0.0 8.9 C 5.1 26.3 C 5.9 17.4 B 4.0 42.1 C 6.3

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 74.4 A 1.9 25.6 A 1.9 6.7 A 1.7 10.8 B 2.9 12.9 B 3.0 52.8 B 4.4 6.7 A 2.3 10.1 B 2.6

Not-for-profit 95.0 A 0.8 5.0 A 0.8 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 13.0 B 3.4 30.6 C 5.8 56.4 C 7.4

Charity 98.0 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.4 21.4 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 78.6 B 5.0 0.0 A 0.0

For-profit 67.1 B 3.5 32.9 B 3.5 8.7 B 4.5 10.8 B 3.7 7.8 B 3.3 57.8 C 6.4 10.4 B 3.8 4.6 A 1.8

71.3 A 0.8 28.7 A 0.8 10.6 A 0.9 7.4 A 0.8 9.1 A 1.0 40.3 A 1.6 26.7 A 1.4 5.9 A 0.8

66.4 A 2.2 33.6 A 2.2 10.2 A 2.1 5.8 A 1.6 9.0 B 2.8 31.4 B 3.5 35.5 B 3.8 8.1 B 2.8


Social Enterprises

Employment Size

Region


CMA Level




Table 33: Succession PlanningSurvey question(s):J.9 In the next five years, do you intend to sell, transfer, or close your business?J.10 Do you intend to…

Notes:J.9 is applicable to all respondents.J.10 is applicable only to those intending to sell, transfer or close business.


Location

Export Status


Sell to family member(s)

Do not intend to sell, transfer or close

business in the next five years

Intend to sell, transfer or close

business in the next five years

Intention

Sell to employee(s)Sell to external

party(s) Close the business Other

Transfer to family member(s) without

money changing hands

A new organizational method in your business practices, A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovations











Place of birth

Female Ownership

Age of Business




% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 19.0 A 0.7 12.5 A 0.5 12.6 A 0.6 13.7 A 0.6 31.1 A 0.8 68.9 A 0.8

1 to 4 employees 14.1 A 0.8 8.3 A 0.6 9.5 A 0.7 11.1 A 0.7 24.2 A 1.0 75.8 A 1.0



100 to 499 employees 36.1 B 3.3 28.3 B 2.8 23.4 B 2.7 15.3 A 2.2 53.5 B 3.5 46.5 B 3.5

Atlantic 11.9 A 1.7 7.8 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.4 8.9 A 1.3 21.4 A 2.0 78.6 A 2.0

Quebec 19.9 A 1.6 10.9 A 1.0 14.2 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.3 31.7 A 1.8 68.3 A 1.8

Ontario 19.9 A 1.1 14.4 A 0.9 13.4 A 0.9 15.9 A 1.0 34.1 A 1.3 65.9 A 1.3

Northern Ontario 18.1 A 2.4 12.4 A 1.9 12.7 A 2.0 14.8 A 2.2 30.7 B 2.8 69.3 B 2.8

Southern Ontario 20.0 A 1.1 14.5 A 1.0 13.4 A 1.0 15.9 A 1.0 34.3 A 1.3 65.7 A 1.3

Prairies 16.2 A 1.3 10.9 A 1.1 10.7 A 1.1 12.2 A 1.1 27.1 A 1.5 72.9 A 1.5

Manitoba 14.8 B 2.7 7.4 A 1.9 11.4 B 2.6 14.2 B 3.1 24.8 B 3.4 75.2 B 3.4

Saskatchewan 17.7 B 2.6 9.9 A 2.1 10.4 A 2.1 7.5 A 1.8 25.8 B 2.9 74.2 B 2.9

Alberta 16.2 A 1.6 11.8 A 1.4 10.7 A 1.4 12.8 A 1.5 27.9 A 2.0 72.1 A 2.0

British Columbia and Territories 22.1 A 1.9 14.0 A 1.5 12.9 A 1.6 13.0 A 1.6 32.2 A 2.2 67.8 A 2.2

St. John's 17.7 D 7.9 8.8 B 4.1 4.9 A 2.5 14.6 D 7.7 30.6 D 9.4 69.4 D 9.4

Halifax 16.0 B 4.6 7.0 B 3.1 11.4 B 3.8 8.5 B 3.2 27.1 C 5.2 72.9 C 5.2

Quebec 11.6 B 3.6 7.4 B 2.6 13.6 B 3.6 11.9 B 4.0 22.6 C 5.0 77.4 C 5.0

Montreal 19.9 A 2.2 10.3 A 1.4 12.3 A 1.9 14.1 A 1.9 30.0 B 2.6 70.0 B 2.6

Ottawa-Gatineau 21.6 B 3.6 15.9 B 3.3 15.0 B 3.2 20.5 B 3.8 39.1 B 4.7 60.9 B 4.7

Toronto 23.5 A 1.9 15.1 A 1.5 13.8 A 1.5 16.1 A 1.6 36.5 A 2.1 63.5 A 2.1

Kingston 17.2 B 3.8 6.6 A 1.9 10.2 B 2.8 19.5 B 4.3 32.5 B 4.9 67.5 B 4.9

Hamilton 27.9 C 5.9 23.4 C 5.6 15.4 B 4.8 15.8 C 5.0 37.7 C 6.2 62.3 C 6.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 16.9 B 4.7 10.9 B 2.8 15.9 B 4.8 13.1 B 4.7 33.0 C 5.8 67.0 C 5.8

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 14.1 B 3.7 8.2 B 2.9 9.4 B 3.2 12.8 B 3.8 25.2 B 4.6 74.8 B 4.6

London 17.7 B 4.1 19.5 B 4.2 14.9 B 3.8 14.1 B 4.2 32.5 C 5.2 67.5 C 5.2

Windsor 17.4 B 4.8 19.0 C 5.0 13.1 B 4.2 9.5 B 3.7 33.2 C 5.8 66.8 C 5.8

Thunder Bay 17.9 C 5.2 10.3 B 3.9 11.2 B 4.0 10.6 B 3.9 27.9 C 5.5 72.1 C 5.5

Winnipeg 16.8 B 3.6 9.4 B 2.7 13.7 B 3.6 17.1 B 4.2 29.6 B 4.6 70.4 B 4.6

Calgary 17.0 B 3.2 13.9 B 3.0 12.0 B 3.0 12.7 B 3.0 28.9 B 3.7 71.1 B 3.7

Edmonton 20.4 B 3.4 15.3 B 2.9 11.8 B 2.6 18.7 B 3.4 36.1 B 4.2 63.9 B 4.2

Vancouver 26.1 B 3.1 17.0 B 2.7 16.6 B 2.7 17.2 B 2.7 38.7 B 3.5 61.3 B 3.5

Victoria 23.8 C 7.2 16.5 C 6.2 9.7 B 3.8 2.9 A 2.0 28.3 C 7.5 71.7 C 7.5

15.4 A 1.9 18.1 A 1.9 9.3 A 1.7 7.1 A 1.5 27.3 A 2.2 72.7 A 2.2

12.8 A 1.6 10.2 A 1.4 9.4 A 1.4 7.1 A 1.2 22.3 A 1.9 77.7 A 1.9

31.8 A 2.1 30.0 A 2.0 17.4 A 1.5 17.7 A 1.7 48.3 A 2.2 51.7 A 2.2

28.0 A 2.2 13.9 A 1.7 16.6 A 1.8 18.5 A 1.8 41.2 A 2.3 58.8 A 2.3

24.7 B 2.5 8.2 A 1.4 14.2 A 2.0 24.4 A 2.5 40.6 B 2.7 59.4 B 2.7

11.6 A 1.8 6.6 A 1.3 12.4 A 1.8 8.6 A 1.5 21.3 A 2.1 78.7 A 2.1

20.7 A 1.7 14.8 A 1.4 16.0 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.5 35.1 A 2.1 64.9 A 2.1

20.2 A 2.2 11.9 A 1.7 9.8 A 1.5 18.7 A 2.1 30.7 B 2.6 69.3 B 2.6

16.1 A 1.7 11.6 A 1.7 13.9 A 1.7 14.1 A 1.9 28.7 A 2.3 71.3 A 2.3

18.0 A 1.8 9.5 A 1.3 11.4 A 1.5 13.6 A 1.5 28.0 A 2.1 72.0 A 2.1

Tourism 21.2 B 4.4 10.3 B 2.9 11.8 B 3.5 19.6 B 3.6 33.0 B 4.5 67.0 B 4.5

Information and Communication 33.4 B 3.0 20.0 B 2.5 17.3 A 2.4 18.9 B 2.6 45.1 B 3.2 54.9 B 3.2

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 24.6 B 4.5 20.5 B 4.2 17.7 B 4.0 14.3 B 3.5 37.7 C 5.2 62.3 C 5.2

Rural 16.2 A 1.3 12.0 A 1.1 12.1 A 1.2 12.8 A 1.3 29.3 A 1.6 70.7 A 1.6

Urban 19.7 A 0.8 12.6 A 0.6 12.8 A 0.6 13.9 A 0.6 31.5 A 0.9 68.5 A 0.9

Exporter 35.9 A 2.2 24.8 A 1.8 23.8 A 2.0 23.3 A 1.9 53.3 A 2.2 46.7 A 2.2

Non-exporter 16.7 A 0.7 10.7 A 0.5 11.1 A 0.6 12.3 A 0.6 28.0 A 0.8 72.0 A 0.8

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 30.6 B 2.9 22.9 B 2.6 20.6 A 2.5 20.3 A 2.5 46.4 B 3.1 53.6 B 3.1

21.6 A 2.3 13.2 A 1.6 15.8 A 1.9 17.2 A 2.2 34.8 B 2.6 65.2 B 2.6

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 18.8 A 1.0 12.5 A 0.8 11.9 A 0.8 10.8 A 0.8 29.8 A 1.2 70.2 A 1.2

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 15.3 A 1.5 7.8 A 1.0 10.3 A 1.3 13.2 A 1.5 26.1 A 1.8 73.9 A 1.8

13.2 A 1.5 10.2 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.3 14.1 A 1.6 26.0 A 2.1 74.0 A 2.1

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 20.6 A 2.2 13.0 A 1.7 14.7 A 2.0 17.3 A 2.0 35.1 B 2.6 64.9 B 2.6

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 20.4 A 1.3 12.2 A 1.0 12.1 A 1.0 12.2 A 1.0 30.3 A 1.4 69.7 A 1.4

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 18.5 A 1.3 13.5 A 1.1 13.5 A 1.2 15.4 A 1.2 32.2 A 1.6 67.8 A 1.6

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 17.5 A 1.1 11.7 A 0.8 11.9 A 0.9 12.8 A 1.0 29.7 A 1.3 70.3 A 1.3

100.0 A 0.0 46.6 A 1.9 38.3 A 1.9 37.5 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

71.3 A 1.9 100.0 A 0.0 49.5 A 2.2 39.4 A 2.2 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

57.6 A 2.3 48.7 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 47.6 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

52.2 A 2.3 35.8 A 2.2 44.0 A 2.3 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

61.3 A 1.4 40.1 A 1.4 40.7 A 1.5 44.0 A 1.5 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Holds IP 31.2 A 1.5 20.3 A 1.2 21.4 A 1.3 20.5 A 1.3 46.0 A 1.6 54.0 A 1.6

Holds Formal IP 37.9 A 2.3 24.8 A 2.1 23.6 A 2.1 24.0 A 2.1 52.3 A 2.4 47.7 A 2.4

No IP 14.5 A 0.7 9.5 A 0.6 9.4 A 0.6 11.2 A 0.6 25.6 A 0.9 74.4 A 0.9

Not familiar with any type of IP 21.2 A 0.8 14.0 A 0.6 14.6 A 0.7 15.1 A 0.7 34.3 A 0.9 65.7 A 0.9

Familiar with at least one type of IP 11.5 A 1.3 6.9 A 1.0 5.9 A 0.9 8.8 A 1.1 19.8 A 1.5 80.2 A 1.5

Procurement Did business with Federal government 24.1 B 2.6 19.7 A 2.4 23.3 B 2.5 21.2 A 2.5 39.5 B 2.8 60.5 B 2.8

<30 years old 32.5 C 7.3 19.5 B 4.8 13.0 B 3.3 15.0 B 3.8 45.1 C 6.7 54.9 C 6.7

30 to 39 years old 23.2 A 1.9 13.9 A 1.6 15.4 A 1.7 15.0 A 1.6 36.0 A 2.2 64.0 A 2.2



65+ years old 15.4 A 1.8 10.5 A 1.2 9.6 A 1.5 12.7 A 1.7 27.4 A 2.2 72.6 A 2.2

Less than high school 15.1 B 2.7 9.6 A 2.0 6.1 A 1.2 5.7 A 1.2 21.8 B 2.8 78.2 B 2.8

High school 14.7 A 1.2 9.1 A 1.0 9.0 A 1.1 12.2 A 1.2 25.0 A 1.5 75.0 A 1.5

College/Cegep/Trade School 17.3 A 1.1 12.4 A 0.9 13.3 A 1.0 14.2 A 1.0 30.7 A 1.4 69.3 A 1.4

Bachelor's degree 23.3 A 1.4 14.2 A 1.1 14.4 A 1.2 15.9 A 1.2 36.3 A 1.6 63.7 A 1.6

Master's degree or above 23.7 A 2.0 16.2 A 1.6 17.0 A 1.7 14.8 A 1.7 36.5 A 2.2 63.5 A 2.2

In Canada 18.1 A 0.7 12.2 A 0.6 13.0 A 0.6 13.1 A 0.6 30.8 A 0.9 69.2 A 0.9

Outside Canada 21.8 A 1.5 13.4 A 1.1 11.6 A 1.1 15.5 A 1.2 32.0 A 1.7 68.0 A 1.7

0% 17.8 A 0.9 11.8 A 0.7 13.3 A 0.8 12.2 A 0.8 30.0 A 1.1 70.0 A 1.1

1% to 49% 23.5 A 2.2 16.8 A 1.9 13.2 A 1.7 15.7 A 1.9 37.4 A 2.4 62.6 A 2.4

50% 20.2 A 1.5 13.9 A 1.2 10.3 A 1.1 14.8 A 1.3 31.5 A 1.6 68.5 A 1.6

51% to 99% 27.5 C 5.1 16.6 B 3.4 19.0 B 4.2 15.1 B 3.9 39.8 C 5.5 60.2 C 5.5

100% 17.4 A 1.8 8.7 A 1.2 12.0 A 1.5 16.1 A 1.7 28.3 A 2.1 71.7 A 2.1

Potential Borrowers17.8 B 3.0 8.5 A 1.8 10.7 A 2.1 13.5 B 2.5 29.3 B 3.5 70.7 B 3.5


28.7 B 5.0 16.7 B 3.8 16.1 B 3.3 20.7 B 3.6 39.0 C 5.1 61.0 C 5.1

Co-operatives Co-operatives 25.3 A 1.6 12.5 A 1.3 15.0 A 1.3 19.7 A 1.5 42.0 A 1.9 58.0 A 1.9

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 39.0 A 2.2 24.5 A 2.0 22.1 A 2.0 17.5 A 1.8 54.3 A 2.2 45.7 A 2.2

Not-for-profit 26.0 A 1.3 10.5 A 0.9 22.6 A 1.3 17.4 A 1.2 40.9 A 1.4 59.1 A 1.4

Charity 25.6 A 1.9 13.7 A 1.8 19.6 A 1.9 15.5 A 1.6 44.4 A 2.0 55.6 A 2.0

For-profit 27.8 B 3.3 21.6 B 2.9 19.1 B 2.7 26.1 B 3.3 46.3 B 3.8 53.7 B 3.8

19.5 A 0.7 12.9 A 0.6 13.0 A 0.6 13.9 A 0.6 31.7 A 0.8 68.3 A 0.8

16.3 A 1.8 9.7 A 1.3 10.3 A 1.4 12.4 A 1.6 27.3 A 2.1 72.7 A 2.1


CMA Level

Employment Size

Innovation activity in the last three years

Region






Table 34: Innovation Activities and Reason for Not InnovatingSurvey question(s):I.17 In the last three years has your business developed or introduced any of the following innovations? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:I.17 is applicable to all respondents that were not a franchise.


Non-innovatorInnovator: at least

one type of innovation

A new or significantly improved good or service (product

innovation)

A new or significantly improved

production process or method (process

innovation)

A new organizational method in your

business practices, workplace

organization or external relations

(organizational innovation)

A new way of selling your goods or

services (marketing innovation)




Age of Business



Export Status

Location





Place of birth

Female Ownership







Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

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lity

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lity

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lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 34.7 A 0.8 29.0 A 0.8 24.1 A 0.8 12.3 A 0.6 40.7 A 0.8 28.6 A 0.8 21.1 A 0.7 9.6 A 0.5 71.7 A 0.8 16.0 A 0.6 8.4 A 0.5 3.9 A 0.4 62.9 A 0.8 17.5 A 0.6 13.5 A 0.6 6.2 A 0.4 38.8 A 0.8 19.0 A 0.7 22.9 A 0.7 19.3 A 0.6 77.7 A 0.7 22.3 A 0.7

1 to 4 employees 37.7 A 1.1 26.7 A 1.0 24.4 A 1.1 11.3 A 0.8 42.3 A 1.2 27.0 A 1.1 21.7 A 1.0 9.0 A 0.7 72.3 A 1.1 15.8 A 0.9 8.1 A 0.6 3.9 A 0.5 64.5 A 1.2 16.0 A 0.9 13.0 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.6 41.9 A 1.1 17.5 A 0.9 22.0 A 1.0 18.6 A 0.9 75.0 A 1.0 25.0 A 1.0



100 to 499 employees 19.7 A 2.2 28.1 B 3.5 32.1 B 3.3 20.1 A 2.4 30.6 B 3.1 26.7 B 3.3 27.5 B 3.1 15.2 A 1.9 64.4 B 3.1 14.9 A 2.3 12.9 A 2.2 7.7 A 1.3 43.5 B 3.4 27.7 B 3.6 16.8 A 2.3 12.0 A 1.7 16.9 B 3.1 18.9 B 2.7 29.1 B 2.9 35.1 B 3.1 91.5 A 1.4 8.5 A 1.4

Atlantic 40.4 A 2.4 32.0 A 2.3 19.5 A 2.0 8.1 A 1.1 44.8 A 2.4 30.0 A 2.3 19.4 A 1.9 5.8 A 0.9 78.8 A 2.0 13.7 A 1.7 6.4 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.4 70.4 A 2.1 15.7 A 1.7 10.6 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.7 46.8 A 2.4 22.0 A 2.0 18.7 A 2.0 12.5 A 1.5 71.3 A 2.1 28.7 A 2.1

Quebec 34.7 A 1.9 27.1 A 1.7 25.5 A 1.9 12.7 A 1.3 34.4 A 2.0 30.8 A 1.8 23.2 A 1.7 11.6 A 1.2 61.6 A 2.0 20.8 A 1.7 10.2 A 1.2 7.4 A 1.2 62.9 A 2.0 18.3 A 1.6 11.5 A 1.2 7.4 A 1.1 40.4 A 2.0 23.0 A 1.7 17.9 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.5 81.3 A 1.6 18.7 A 1.6

Ontario 30.0 A 1.2 32.2 A 1.3 24.1 A 1.2 13.7 A 0.9 41.5 A 1.3 28.0 A 1.2 20.3 A 1.1 10.1 A 0.8 73.9 A 1.2 15.3 A 1.0 7.4 A 0.6 3.5 A 0.5 60.8 A 1.3 19.5 A 1.1 12.9 A 1.0 6.8 A 0.7 35.2 A 1.2 17.1 A 1.0 24.7 A 1.2 23.0 A 1.1 79.7 A 1.1 20.3 A 1.1

Northern Ontario 33.8 B 2.9 32.9 B 3.0 21.2 A 2.5 12.2 A 2.0 44.4 B 3.1 29.7 B 2.8 17.6 A 2.3 8.4 A 1.6 75.8 B 2.6 14.2 A 2.1 5.9 A 1.3 4.1 A 1.4 68.1 B 2.8 13.4 A 1.9 11.6 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.6 39.0 B 3.0 19.3 A 2.3 20.6 A 2.4 21.0 B 2.6 80.6 A 2.5 19.4 A 2.5

Southern Ontario 29.7 A 1.3 32.2 A 1.4 24.2 A 1.2 13.8 A 1.0 41.3 A 1.4 27.9 A 1.3 20.5 A 1.2 10.3 A 0.9 73.8 A 1.2 15.3 A 1.0 7.5 A 0.7 3.4 A 0.5 60.3 A 1.4 19.9 A 1.2 13.0 A 1.0 6.8 A 0.7 35.0 A 1.3 16.9 A 1.0 25.0 A 1.3 23.1 A 1.2 79.6 A 1.1 20.4 A 1.1

Prairies 39.9 A 1.8 26.9 A 1.6 21.6 A 1.4 11.5 A 1.2 44.8 A 1.8 25.8 A 1.5 21.5 A 1.5 8.0 A 1.0 74.8 A 1.6 13.9 A 1.2 9.2 A 1.1 2.1 A 0.5 64.8 A 1.7 14.3 A 1.1 15.5 A 1.3 5.3 A 0.8 40.5 A 1.7 17.8 A 1.4 26.1 A 1.6 15.6 A 1.2 74.3 A 1.6 25.7 A 1.6

Manitoba 38.0 B 3.6 33.6 B 3.6 19.4 B 2.9 9.0 A 2.1 39.6 B 3.6 35.6 B 3.6 18.1 B 3.1 6.8 A 1.8 76.9 B 3.2 14.0 A 2.5 7.8 A 2.3 1.3 A 0.6 63.6 B 3.7 18.6 B 2.9 15.3 B 3.1 2.5 A 0.8 44.4 B 3.6 19.8 B 3.0 24.4 B 3.3 11.4 A 2.2 75.2 B 3.1 24.8 B 3.1

Saskatchewan 41.1 B 3.6 27.7 B 3.0 24.7 B 3.0 6.5 A 1.9 44.1 B 3.5 29.4 B 3.0 21.2 B 2.9 5.3 A 1.8 81.1 B 2.7 11.3 A 2.2 6.9 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.3 71.8 B 3.1 11.1 A 2.1 15.5 B 2.5 1.7 A 1.0 46.8 B 3.6 21.4 B 3.0 22.1 B 2.9 9.8 A 1.8 73.4 B 3.3 26.6 B 3.3

Alberta 40.0 A 2.3 25.3 A 2.0 21.4 A 1.9 13.3 A 1.6 46.1 A 2.4 22.7 A 1.9 22.3 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.3 72.8 A 2.1 14.5 A 1.6 10.0 A 1.5 2.7 A 0.8 63.4 A 2.2 14.2 A 1.5 15.6 A 1.7 6.8 A 1.2 38.2 A 2.2 16.5 A 1.8 27.4 A 2.1 17.9 A 1.7 74.4 A 2.1 25.6 A 2.1

British Columbia and Territories 36.1 A 2.2 26.1 A 2.2 26.8 A 2.2 11.0 A 1.4 41.1 A 2.3 29.7 A 2.2 20.3 A 1.9 8.9 A 1.2 74.1 A 2.0 14.3 A 1.6 8.2 A 1.3 3.4 A 0.9 62.2 A 2.2 16.7 A 1.7 15.7 A 1.7 5.3 A 1.0 39.0 A 2.3 18.3 A 1.8 23.8 A 2.0 18.9 A 1.7 75.2 A 2.1 24.8 A 2.1

St. John's 39.3 D 9.5 18.4 C 6.4 28.7 D 9.4 13.6 C 5.7 22.6 D 8.0 43.3 D 9.4 26.8 D 9.3 7.3 B 3.8 71.2 D 9.2 11.5 B 4.9 14.5 D 8.7 2.8 B 2.7 64.2 D 9.4 14.9 C 5.6 17.8 D 9.0 3.1 B 2.8 29.5 D 8.8 27.3 D 8.6 28.3 D 9.3 14.9 C 5.7 83.2 D 7.6 16.8 D 7.6

Halifax 29.4 C 6.5 33.2 C 5.8 26.6 C 6.4 10.8 B 3.1 40.2 C 6.7 28.9 C 5.5 24.3 C 6.1 6.7 A 2.1 80.4 C 5.7 15.2 C 5.5 4.3 A 2.0 0.0 A 0.0 58.6 C 6.6 22.0 C 6.0 14.5 B 3.9 4.9 B 2.8 34.9 C 6.6 18.5 B 4.2 20.8 B 4.9 25.7 C 6.0 78.6 C 6.3 21.4 C 6.3

Quebec 20.4 C 5.3 33.5 C 6.3 29.3 C 7.1 16.8 C 6.8 25.5 C 7.4 40.5 C 7.5 22.6 B 4.9 11.5 B 3.6 44.9 C 6.9 37.3 D 7.9 9.8 B 3.2 8.0 B 3.1 59.1 C 6.7 22.2 C 5.2 12.7 B 3.7 5.9 B 2.6 24.7 C 6.9 28.1 D 7.5 22.1 C 5.6 25.1 C 5.1 93.7 A 2.5 6.3 A 2.5

Montreal 29.6 B 2.7 27.7 B 2.6 28.1 B 2.9 14.6 A 2.2 32.3 B 2.8 26.5 B 2.5 28.4 B 2.9 12.9 A 2.0 62.2 B 2.9 15.9 A 2.0 12.9 A 2.1 9.0 A 2.0 57.5 B 3.0 17.2 A 2.4 15.1 A 2.2 10.2 A 2.0 35.6 B 2.8 22.2 B 2.6 19.6 A 2.3 22.6 B 2.6 84.5 A 2.1 15.5 A 2.1

Ottawa-Gatineau 24.4 B 4.1 33.9 B 4.5 30.8 B 4.6 10.9 B 2.7 29.1 B 4.1 35.5 C 5.2 23.7 B 4.0 11.7 B 2.8 72.3 B 4.1 15.5 B 3.7 8.8 B 2.5 3.4 A 1.1 60.4 B 4.9 20.8 B 4.7 11.7 B 3.0 7.1 A 2.1 28.2 B 3.9 17.3 B 4.0 28.8 B 4.7 25.8 B 4.7 86.9 B 2.9 13.1 B 2.9

Toronto 28.5 A 2.0 30.1 A 2.1 25.6 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.7 38.6 A 2.1 29.1 A 2.1 20.1 A 1.8 12.1 A 1.5 70.7 A 2.1 16.8 A 1.8 8.3 A 1.1 4.2 A 0.9 56.6 A 2.2 19.6 A 1.8 15.7 A 1.7 8.1 A 1.2 32.9 A 2.0 15.9 A 1.6 24.2 A 2.0 27.0 A 1.9 80.0 A 1.8 20.0 A 1.8

Kingston 29.4 B 4.9 36.9 C 5.1 20.1 B 4.2 13.6 B 3.6 43.2 C 5.2 29.6 B 4.9 14.5 B 3.7 12.7 B 3.6 73.5 B 4.7 12.0 B 3.3 9.0 B 3.0 5.5 B 2.6 64.0 C 5.1 18.3 B 3.7 12.6 B 3.4 5.1 B 2.6 42.0 C 5.2 20.6 B 4.4 16.3 B 3.5 21.1 B 4.2 76.4 B 4.7 23.6 B 4.7

Hamilton 32.4 C 6.2 26.9 C 5.5 23.7 C 5.8 17.0 B 4.9 55.9 C 6.4 16.2 B 3.7 19.2 C 5.3 8.8 B 3.3 82.0 B 4.0 10.2 B 3.1 5.3 A 2.2 2.4 A 1.4 63.4 C 6.5 19.5 C 5.3 8.4 B 3.2 8.7 B 3.6 38.0 C 6.2 14.3 B 4.6 24.5 C 6.4 23.2 C 5.4 80.0 C 5.2 20.0 C 5.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 31.3 C 5.9 33.8 C 6.1 18.7 C 5.2 16.2 B 4.1 39.0 C 6.2 32.5 C 6.0 13.1 B 4.6 15.4 B 4.2 69.2 C 5.3 17.2 B 4.2 7.5 B 2.6 6.2 B 3.3 63.4 C 5.6 20.7 B 4.6 9.8 B 3.1 6.1 B 3.0 38.6 C 6.2 25.6 C 5.6 15.6 B 3.8 20.3 B 4.4 75.7 C 5.7 24.3 C 5.7

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 32.3 C 5.1 27.3 C 5.3 25.0 C 5.2 15.4 B 4.4 42.1 C 5.5 20.5 B 3.5 27.7 C 5.2 9.8 B 3.9 73.6 C 5.2 15.7 B 4.5 8.9 B 3.3 1.8 A 1.0 64.2 C 5.3 19.2 B 4.9 10.1 B 2.6 6.5 B 3.7 30.9 C 5.3 19.8 B 4.0 21.1 B 4.1 28.3 C 5.3 80.0 B 4.6 20.0 B 4.6

London 41.8 C 6.0 32.6 C 6.1 18.3 B 4.5 7.3 A 2.4 49.2 C 6.1 25.0 C 5.2 19.2 B 4.9 6.5 A 2.4 79.1 C 5.4 12.8 B 4.6 6.0 B 3.0 2.1 A 1.5 65.5 C 5.9 23.9 C 5.5 7.1 B 3.1 3.5 A 1.7 38.8 C 5.9 25.2 C 5.5 24.3 C 5.4 11.7 B 3.5 71.0 C 5.6 29.0 C 5.6

Windsor 34.1 C 5.5 24.0 C 5.6 32.5 C 5.9 9.3 B 2.9 41.2 C 5.9 26.3 C 5.6 27.1 C 5.2 5.4 A 2.4 73.5 C 5.6 15.1 B 4.7 9.5 B 3.6 1.9 A 1.5 60.1 C 6.0 13.7 B 4.2 19.2 C 5.3 7.1 B 2.7 41.3 C 6.0 14.1 B 4.0 23.9 C 5.6 20.6 B 4.3 76.4 C 5.1 23.6 C 5.1

Thunder Bay 41.2 C 5.9 19.3 B 3.7 30.0 C 5.8 9.5 B 3.2 43.1 C 5.6 28.3 B 4.7 24.8 C 5.6 3.8 A 1.6 78.6 B 4.6 15.1 B 4.1 5.5 A 2.2 0.8 A 0.7 63.3 C 5.9 14.6 B 4.6 18.7 B 4.6 3.5 A 1.4 40.6 C 5.7 12.4 B 3.0 25.6 C 5.6 21.3 C 5.0 73.5 C 5.1 26.5 C 5.1

Winnipeg 38.0 B 4.7 33.8 B 4.7 19.8 B 3.9 8.4 A 2.3 43.5 B 4.8 30.7 B 4.5 19.8 B 4.2 6.0 A 1.6 79.3 B 3.9 11.7 B 2.6 7.6 B 3.1 1.4 A 0.7 64.7 B 4.7 18.8 B 3.6 13.6 B 4.1 2.9 A 1.0 44.1 B 4.7 17.4 B 3.7 23.2 B 4.2 15.3 B 3.2 74.1 B 4.1 25.9 B 4.1

Calgary 30.4 B 3.8 25.9 B 3.7 23.2 B 3.5 20.5 B 3.4 40.7 B 4.2 26.2 B 3.4 21.7 B 3.7 11.4 B 2.7 72.2 B 3.8 14.5 B 2.7 10.7 B 3.0 2.6 A 0.9 58.7 B 4.1 17.4 B 2.8 17.1 B 3.4 6.8 A 1.9 32.8 B 3.8 18.2 B 3.4 27.0 B 3.7 22.0 B 3.3 80.4 B 3.1 19.6 B 3.1

Edmonton 43.1 B 4.6 22.9 B 3.7 21.0 B 3.4 12.9 B 2.8 46.1 B 4.6 20.9 B 3.4 22.0 B 3.4 11.0 B 2.6 75.7 B 3.6 15.0 B 3.0 6.9 A 2.0 2.4 A 1.1 65.7 B 4.1 12.9 B 2.7 13.9 B 2.8 7.5 A 2.3 41.1 B 4.5 13.4 B 2.9 25.7 B 3.7 19.8 B 3.5 70.3 B 4.5 29.7 B 4.5

Vancouver 33.2 B 3.3 22.0 B 2.9 31.6 B 3.4 13.3 A 2.2 39.3 B 3.4 25.6 B 3.0 25.3 B 3.2 9.7 A 1.9 70.1 B 3.2 15.3 A 2.5 10.9 A 2.3 3.7 A 1.3 54.6 B 3.5 18.2 B 2.7 22.7 B 3.1 4.5 A 1.2 33.9 B 3.3 17.6 A 2.5 30.2 B 3.3 18.3 B 2.5 77.9 B 3.0 22.1 B 3.0

Victoria 31.7 D 8.3 26.9 D 8.0 31.3 D 7.6 10.1 B 4.1 38.0 D 8.3 37.1 D 8.3 16.3 C 5.1 8.6 B 3.8 68.1 D 7.7 22.1 C 7.0 7.2 B 3.3 2.6 A 2.4 53.5 D 8.4 26.4 D 8.0 12.6 B 4.4 7.4 B 3.8 25.2 C 7.2 17.9 C 6.4 34.4 D 8.7 22.5 C 6.0 79.1 C 7.1 20.9 C 7.1

46.6 B 2.6 20.6 A 1.9 25.9 A 2.3 7.0 A 1.3 46.4 B 2.5 21.0 A 1.8 24.9 A 2.3 7.7 A 1.4 74.5 A 2.2 14.1 A 1.7 9.5 A 1.5 1.8 A 0.8 69.4 A 2.4 13.6 A 1.6 14.3 A 1.8 2.8 A 0.9 52.9 B 2.5 18.0 A 1.8 19.1 A 2.0 10.0 A 1.4 67.0 A 2.4 33.0 A 2.4

40.0 A 2.4 33.2 A 2.3 20.6 A 2.1 6.2 A 1.0 44.6 A 2.4 30.6 A 2.2 20.4 A 2.1 4.4 A 0.8 68.9 A 2.3 19.2 A 1.9 7.1 A 1.3 4.9 A 1.2 65.2 A 2.3 18.4 A 1.9 12.1 A 1.6 4.3 A 0.8 46.0 A 2.4 22.9 A 2.1 23.4 A 2.0 7.8 A 1.1 74.9 A 2.1 25.1 A 2.1



31.2 A 2.4 31.4 A 2.4 22.7 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.9 43.7 B 2.6 29.8 B 2.5 17.7 A 1.8 8.9 A 1.5 74.2 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.8 9.2 A 1.8 2.0 A 0.7 72.7 A 2.3 12.1 A 1.5 11.3 A 1.6 4.0 A 1.3 47.9 B 2.6 18.2 A 1.9 20.8 A 2.1 13.1 A 1.9 80.3 A 2.0 19.7 A 2.0

48.6 B 2.7 25.9 A 2.3 17.1 A 2.1 8.4 A 1.5 51.2 B 2.7 24.1 A 2.2 16.5 A 2.0 8.1 A 1.5 76.5 A 2.3 14.6 A 2.0 6.9 A 1.3 2.0 A 0.7 66.4 B 2.6 16.5 A 2.0 12.2 A 1.8 4.9 A 1.2 46.7 B 2.8 20.1 A 2.2 19.6 A 2.1 13.6 A 1.9 65.5 B 2.7 34.5 B 2.7


43.4 B 2.8 27.7 B 2.6 17.1 A 1.9 11.8 A 2.0 48.9 B 2.8 29.1 B 2.6 11.5 A 1.6 10.4 A 2.0 77.3 B 2.5 12.5 A 2.0 5.9 A 1.3 4.3 A 1.3 70.6 B 2.6 17.5 A 2.1 7.0 A 1.4 4.9 A 1.3 51.8 B 2.9 20.0 A 2.3 14.6 A 1.8 13.6 A 2.0 69.4 B 2.6 30.6 B 2.6

42.9 B 2.6 27.1 A 2.2 21.2 A 2.0 8.9 A 1.5 48.8 B 2.6 27.7 A 2.2 17.0 A 1.9 6.5 A 1.4 78.1 A 2.1 11.6 A 1.5 7.2 A 1.3 3.1 A 1.1 70.5 A 2.3 15.1 A 1.8 11.1 A 1.5 3.3 A 0.8 55.7 A 2.4 16.4 A 1.7 16.7 A 1.8 11.2 A 1.4 68.5 A 2.4 31.5 A 2.4


Tourism 44.7 B 4.6 24.5 B 4.0 19.8 B 3.6 11.0 A 2.4 54.3 B 4.5 21.1 B 3.5 17.7 B 3.5 6.9 A 1.7 80.2 B 3.3 12.5 B 2.9 4.8 A 1.5 2.4 A 1.2 66.0 B 4.5 20.6 B 4.2 10.7 B 2.7 2.8 A 1.2 42.6 B 4.4 20.4 B 4.0 21.9 B 4.2 15.1 B 3.3 68.2 B 4.1 31.8 B 4.1

Information and Communication 28.2 B 3.1 31.4 B 3.1 27.2 B 2.9 13.2 A 2.0 31.6 B 3.2 33.6 B 3.2 21.6 A 2.4 13.2 A 1.7 66.2 B 3.1 20.5 B 2.7 9.3 A 1.7 4.1 A 0.9 51.7 B 3.2 20.5 A 2.4 18.4 B 2.5 9.4 A 1.8 16.5 B 2.7 10.6 A 2.0 27.6 B 3.0 45.2 B 3.2 87.7 A 2.5 12.3 A 2.5

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 20.8 B 4.1 28.4 B 4.9 30.0 C 5.4 20.9 B 4.2 32.5 C 5.1 22.7 B 4.3 29.6 C 5.2 15.2 B 3.8 66.4 B 4.9 20.3 B 4.3 9.4 A 2.3 3.9 A 2.1 50.5 C 5.4 18.1 B 4.6 17.6 B 3.8 13.8 B 3.5 18.2 B 4.1 19.8 C 5.1 23.2 B 4.4 38.8 C 5.2 86.7 B 3.7 13.3 B 3.7

Rural 39.6 A 1.8 29.8 A 1.6 22.5 A 1.6 8.1 A 0.9 44.8 A 1.8 28.4 A 1.6 19.0 A 1.4 7.8 A 0.9 73.4 A 1.6 15.6 A 1.3 7.5 A 0.8 3.5 A 0.8 69.6 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.2 10.5 A 1.0 4.0 A 0.8 47.2 A 1.8 18.9 A 1.4 21.9 A 1.5 12.0 A 1.1 74.3 A 1.6 25.7 A 1.6

Urban 33.4 A 0.9 28.8 A 0.9 24.5 A 0.9 13.3 A 0.6 39.7 A 1.0 28.6 A 0.9 21.7 A 0.8 10.0 A 0.6 71.2 A 0.9 16.1 A 0.7 8.7 A 0.5 4.0 A 0.4 61.2 A 0.9 17.9 A 0.7 14.2 A 0.7 6.7 A 0.5 36.7 A 0.9 19.0 A 0.8 23.2 A 0.8 21.1 A 0.7 78.5 A 0.8 21.5 A 0.8

Exporter 20.1 A 1.9 29.8 A 2.0 29.8 A 2.1 20.3 A 1.7 27.6 A 2.2 29.4 A 2.0 26.3 A 2.0 16.7 A 1.5 65.2 A 2.1 16.4 A 1.6 11.3 A 1.4 7.0 A 1.0 46.6 A 2.3 23.2 A 2.0 17.0 A 1.5 13.1 A 1.6 21.7 A 1.9 15.9 A 1.7 26.2 A 2.0 36.2 A 2.1 89.2 A 1.5 10.8 A 1.5

Non-exporter 36.7 A 0.9 28.9 A 0.8 23.3 A 0.8 11.2 A 0.6 42.5 A 0.9 28.5 A 0.8 20.4 A 0.8 8.6 A 0.5 72.5 A 0.8 15.9 A 0.7 8.0 A 0.5 3.5 A 0.4 65.1 A 0.9 16.7 A 0.7 13.0 A 0.6 5.2 A 0.4 41.2 A 0.9 19.5 A 0.7 22.5 A 0.8 16.9 A 0.7 76.1 A 0.8 23.9 A 0.8

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 27.3 B 2.7 28.4 B 3.0 26.8 B 2.7 17.5 A 2.3 33.8 B 2.9 28.5 B 3.0 23.4 B 2.6 14.4 A 2.2 69.7 B 2.8 16.6 A 2.3 9.6 A 1.6 4.0 A 1.3 54.4 B 3.1 20.9 B 2.5 17.8 A 2.4 6.9 A 1.4 25.9 B 2.6 20.0 B 2.7 24.9 B 2.8 29.2 B 2.8 84.9 A 2.0 15.1 A 2.0

31.1 B 2.5 29.8 A 2.4 24.8 A 2.3 14.2 A 1.6 36.6 B 2.6 33.0 B 2.5 19.0 A 2.1 11.5 A 1.6 72.1 A 2.3 18.0 A 2.0 6.0 A 1.1 4.0 A 0.9 62.2 B 2.5 17.2 A 2.0 12.8 A 1.7 7.9 A 1.2 37.6 B 2.6 20.2 A 2.3 20.0 A 2.0 22.2 A 2.0 79.2 A 2.3 20.8 A 2.3

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 34.4 A 1.2 28.9 A 1.2 24.8 A 1.1 12.0 A 0.9 41.3 A 1.3 29.0 A 1.2 20.5 A 1.0 9.1 A 0.8 70.5 A 1.2 16.8 A 1.0 8.9 A 0.7 3.8 A 0.6 62.6 A 1.3 17.5 A 1.0 14.3 A 0.9 5.6 A 0.6 38.6 A 1.3 19.7 A 1.0 24.1 A 1.1 17.6 A 1.0 77.8 A 1.1 22.2 A 1.1

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 39.1 A 2.0 28.5 A 1.9 21.1 A 1.8 11.3 A 1.3 43.5 A 2.1 26.5 A 1.8 20.9 A 1.8 9.1 A 1.2 73.2 A 1.9 13.3 A 1.5 8.2 A 1.2 5.3 A 1.1 68.1 A 2.0 15.9 A 1.5 9.3 A 1.2 6.6 A 1.1 46.9 A 2.1 17.2 A 1.6 19.2 A 1.7 16.7 A 1.6 74.7 A 1.8 25.3 A 1.8

34.1 A 2.4 27.7 A 2.3 27.3 A 2.5 10.8 A 1.5 42.1 B 2.6 24.4 A 2.2 26.1 A 2.3 7.3 A 1.1 73.0 A 2.2 14.1 A 1.7 10.0 A 1.6 2.9 A 0.7 62.4 B 2.5 18.0 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.8 4.8 A 0.9 35.8 A 2.4 20.1 A 2.1 26.0 A 2.3 18.1 A 2.0 76.9 A 2.1 23.1 A 2.1

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 37.7 B 2.6 31.2 A 2.5 20.1 A 2.1 11.0 A 1.7 41.1 B 2.6 30.9 A 2.5 18.9 A 2.1 9.1 A 1.4 72.6 A 2.4 17.4 A 2.1 6.7 A 1.0 3.3 A 1.1 61.6 B 2.6 17.3 A 2.1 14.1 A 1.8 7.0 A 1.5 39.4 B 2.6 16.7 A 1.8 23.0 A 2.4 20.9 A 2.1 77.0 A 2.2 23.0 A 2.2

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 31.8 A 1.5 29.7 A 1.5 27.2 A 1.5 11.4 A 1.0 39.4 A 1.6 30.5 A 1.5 21.2 A 1.3 8.8 A 0.9 70.6 A 1.5 17.6 A 1.3 8.2 A 0.9 3.6 A 0.7 61.5 A 1.6 18.5 A 1.2 14.2 A 1.2 5.8 A 0.8 35.4 A 1.6 19.7 A 1.4 24.7 A 1.4 20.3 A 1.3 79.8 A 1.3 20.2 A 1.3

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 36.1 A 1.6 28.8 A 1.5 23.7 A 1.4 11.4 A 1.0 40.6 A 1.6 27.2 A 1.5 22.4 A 1.4 9.7 A 1.0 71.2 A 1.5 16.2 A 1.2 8.5 A 0.9 4.1 A 0.7 62.4 A 1.6 16.9 A 1.2 14.5 A 1.2 6.2 A 0.8 39.0 A 1.6 18.5 A 1.2 23.3 A 1.4 19.2 A 1.3 76.9 A 1.5 23.1 A 1.5

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 35.6 A 1.3 27.8 A 1.2 22.3 A 1.2 14.3 A 1.0 41.9 A 1.4 27.0 A 1.2 20.6 A 1.2 10.4 A 0.9 72.8 A 1.2 13.7 A 0.9 9.2 A 0.8 4.3 A 0.7 65.1 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.1 11.6 A 0.8 6.2 A 0.7 41.9 A 1.4 19.5 A 1.1 20.8 A 1.1 17.8 A 1.0 76.4 A 1.2 23.6 A 1.2







Holds IP 14.7 A 1.1 29.4 A 1.5 31.9 A 1.5 24.0 A 1.3 26.9 A 1.5 28.2 A 1.4 28.1 A 1.4 16.9 A 1.1 64.1 A 1.5 18.3 A 1.2 10.8 A 0.9 6.7 A 0.8 42.9 A 1.6 21.8 A 1.3 20.6 A 1.3 14.7 A 1.1 12.3 A 1.1 14.0 A 1.1 29.2 A 1.4 44.5 A 1.6 95.8 A 0.7 4.2 A 0.7

Holds Formal IP 10.1 A 1.3 25.8 A 2.1 29.3 A 2.1 34.8 A 2.4 26.5 A 2.3 24.9 A 2.0 28.4 A 2.1 20.3 A 1.8 63.4 A 2.3 17.4 A 1.8 10.8 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.3 48.3 A 2.4 17.7 A 1.8 19.3 A 1.8 14.8 A 1.8 22.5 A 2.0 13.7 A 1.6 28.7 A 2.2 35.1 A 2.3 94.3 A 1.1 5.7 A 1.1

No IP 42.0 A 1.0 28.9 A 0.9 21.2 A 0.9 7.9 A 0.6 45.8 A 1.0 28.8 A 0.9 18.6 A 0.8 6.9 A 0.5 74.4 A 0.9 15.1 A 0.7 7.5 A 0.6 2.9 A 0.4 70.2 A 0.9 15.9 A 0.7 10.8 A 0.7 3.0 A 0.4 48.6 A 1.0 20.9 A 0.8 20.6 A 0.8 9.9 A 0.6 71.0 A 0.9 29.0 A 0.9

Not familiar with any type of IP 15.9 A 0.7 37.3 A 0.9 31.0 A 0.9 15.8 A 0.7 23.7 A 0.8 36.8 A 0.9 27.2 A 0.9 12.3 A 0.6 63.5 A 0.9 20.6 A 0.8 10.9 A 0.6 5.1 A 0.5 52.2 A 1.0 22.5 A 0.8 17.3 A 0.7 7.9 A 0.5 21.2 A 0.8 24.5 A 0.8 29.5 A 0.9 24.8 A 0.8 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Familiar with at least one type of IP 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Procurement Did business with Federal government 22.2 A 2.4 29.4 B 2.6 29.0 A 2.5 19.3 A 2.4 27.6 B 2.5 31.3 B 2.6 26.8 A 2.4 14.3 A 2.1 58.1 B 2.9 20.6 A 2.4 18.5 A 2.3 2.8 A 0.9 43.5 B 2.8 23.9 A 2.5 20.5 A 2.2 12.0 A 2.0 14.7 A 2.0 17.7 A 2.3 30.3 B 2.7 37.3 B 2.7 91.9 A 1.6 8.1 A 1.6

<30 years old 39.6 C 6.6 36.2 C 5.8 19.6 C 5.3 4.6 A 2.3 40.1 C 6.6 38.8 C 5.9 18.3 C 5.5 2.8 A 1.1 70.0 C 6.1 14.0 B 3.4 8.0 B 3.4 8.0 C 5.1 57.3 C 6.4 17.7 B 3.9 20.8 C 6.1 4.2 A 1.8 37.6 C 5.8 15.5 B 3.4 35.3 C 7.2 11.5 B 3.2 81.2 B 4.3 18.8 B 4.3

30 to 39 years old 36.0 A 2.3 31.8 A 2.2 23.2 A 2.0 9.0 A 1.2 40.6 A 2.3 33.7 A 2.3 18.7 A 1.9 6.9 A 1.2 73.5 A 2.1 15.3 A 1.7 8.6 A 1.4 2.6 A 0.7 67.6 A 2.1 15.4 A 1.5 13.5 A 1.6 3.5 A 0.6 37.7 A 2.3 21.9 A 2.1 23.1 A 2.1 17.3 A 1.6 78.8 A 1.9 21.2 A 1.9



65+ years old 40.5 A 2.4 25.4 A 1.9 21.3 A 1.9 12.9 A 1.5 47.0 A 2.3 25.4 A 2.0 19.5 A 1.8 8.1 A 1.2 76.4 A 1.9 14.4 A 1.6 6.2 A 1.0 2.9 A 0.6 69.1 A 2.1 14.2 A 1.4 11.3 A 1.4 5.4 A 1.1 46.4 A 2.3 17.5 A 1.7 17.3 A 1.6 18.8 A 1.9 71.8 A 2.3 28.2 A 2.3

Less than high school 54.3 B 3.3 27.6 B 3.0 12.4 A 1.8 5.8 A 1.4 54.3 B 3.3 23.9 B 2.9 17.2 B 2.6 4.7 A 1.1 74.3 B 3.1 15.5 B 2.6 5.3 A 1.6 4.9 A 2.0 77.8 B 2.8 13.1 A 2.4 7.4 A 1.6 1.7 A 0.6 62.2 B 3.2 16.4 A 2.5 12.9 A 2.3 8.6 A 1.6 59.3 B 3.2 40.7 B 3.2

High school 44.2 A 1.8 27.8 A 1.6 20.4 A 1.5 7.7 A 0.9 49.1 A 1.8 27.9 A 1.6 16.5 A 1.3 6.5 A 0.8 76.6 A 1.5 14.0 A 1.3 7.4 A 0.9 2.0 A 0.5 71.0 A 1.6 15.8 A 1.4 10.4 A 1.0 2.8 A 0.5 51.8 A 1.8 19.1 A 1.3 18.9 A 1.4 10.3 A 1.0 68.2 A 1.7 31.8 A 1.7

College/Cegep/Trade School 33.0 A 1.4 30.6 A 1.4 24.5 A 1.4 11.9 A 1.0 39.4 A 1.5 29.9 A 1.4 21.4 A 1.3 9.3 A 1.0 68.7 A 1.5 18.8 A 1.2 7.7 A 0.8 4.8 A 0.8 61.7 A 1.5 17.1 A 1.1 14.0 A 1.2 7.2 A 0.9 38.4 A 1.5 20.3 A 1.2 24.6 A 1.4 16.7 A 1.2 80.8 A 1.1 19.2 A 1.1

Bachelor's degree 26.0 A 1.5 29.1 A 1.5 29.0 A 1.6 15.9 A 1.3 33.5 A 1.7 29.6 A 1.6 24.5 A 1.5 12.4 A 1.1 69.4 A 1.6 16.0 A 1.3 10.8 A 1.0 3.9 A 0.6 56.3 A 1.7 19.8 A 1.4 16.3 A 1.2 7.6 A 0.9 27.7 A 1.6 19.7 A 1.4 26.0 A 1.4 26.6 A 1.5 84.8 A 1.3 15.2 A 1.3

Master's degree or above 28.4 A 2.1 28.4 A 2.1 26.3 A 2.0 16.9 A 1.6 35.9 A 2.3 27.6 A 2.0 24.0 A 1.9 12.5 A 1.5 72.3 A 2.0 13.9 A 1.5 9.0 A 1.2 4.8 A 0.9 56.6 A 2.3 19.3 A 1.8 15.1 A 1.6 9.1 A 1.3 27.1 A 2.1 16.5 A 1.8 25.5 A 2.1 31.0 A 2.0 82.9 A 1.8 17.1 A 1.8

In Canada 34.0 A 0.9 29.8 A 0.9 24.1 A 0.9 12.1 A 0.6 39.1 A 1.0 29.6 A 0.9 21.7 A 0.8 9.6 A 0.6 70.9 A 0.9 16.6 A 0.7 8.6 A 0.6 3.9 A 0.4 62.8 A 0.9 18.2 A 0.7 13.2 A 0.7 5.8 A 0.5 37.3 A 0.9 19.9 A 0.8 23.6 A 0.8 19.2 A 0.7 79.4 A 0.8 20.6 A 0.8

Outside Canada 36.8 A 1.7 26.4 A 1.6 24.0 A 1.6 12.8 A 1.2 45.5 A 1.8 25.6 A 1.6 19.4 A 1.5 9.6 A 1.0 74.1 A 1.6 14.1 A 1.3 7.9 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.7 63.1 A 1.7 15.5 A 1.4 14.3 A 1.3 7.1 A 0.9 43.3 A 1.7 16.2 A 1.3 20.9 A 1.5 19.5 A 1.4 72.6 A 1.6 27.4 A 1.6

0% 36.0 A 1.1 28.0 A 1.1 23.1 A 1.0 12.8 A 0.8 40.5 A 1.2 28.0 A 1.1 21.4 A 1.0 10.1 A 0.7 69.5 A 1.1 16.7 A 0.9 9.1 A 0.7 4.7 A 0.6 62.5 A 1.1 17.7 A 0.9 13.4 A 0.8 6.4 A 0.6 39.4 A 1.2 19.4 A 1.0 21.2 A 1.0 20.0 A 0.9 77.4 A 1.0 22.6 A 1.0

1% to 49% 27.0 A 2.3 35.0 A 2.5 25.5 A 2.2 12.5 A 1.5 34.5 A 2.4 31.3 A 2.4 25.4 A 2.2 8.8 A 1.3 67.6 A 2.4 19.0 A 2.0 10.5 A 1.5 2.9 A 0.7 60.5 A 2.4 15.7 A 1.6 17.9 A 2.1 5.9 A 1.1 28.9 A 2.3 21.3 A 2.1 29.6 A 2.4 20.1 A 2.0 84.1 A 2.0 15.9 A 2.0


51% to 99% 26.4 B 4.2 21.1 B 3.9 35.6 C 5.8 17.0 B 4.3 33.9 B 4.7 23.1 B 4.7 26.2 C 5.3 16.8 B 4.4 72.8 C 5.2 13.7 B 4.2 7.9 B 2.9 5.7 B 2.9 62.8 C 5.4 14.8 B 3.5 18.6 C 5.0 3.7 A 1.5 42.8 C 5.4 14.2 B 3.3 20.4 B 5.0 22.6 B 4.5 82.5 B 3.5 17.5 B 3.5


Potential Borrowers32.4 B 3.6 28.3 B 3.7 23.5 B 3.3 15.7 B 3.2 42.1 B 3.9 30.7 B 3.9 17.9 B 2.9 9.3 A 2.3 71.1 B 3.6 11.7 A 2.5 12.9 B 2.5 4.3 A 1.9 61.3 B 4.0 19.1 B 3.2 12.9 B 2.7 6.7 A 2.2 42.4 B 3.9 14.2 B 2.8 24.8 B 3.5 18.5 B 3.2 77.4 B 3.2 22.6 B 3.2


33.8 C 5.2 27.2 B 4.2 29.9 B 4.9 9.1 A 2.1 42.6 C 5.2 24.3 B 4.0 23.1 B 4.9 10.0 A 2.2 70.9 B 4.7 17.0 B 3.9 9.9 B 3.4 2.2 A 0.8 59.8 B 4.9 18.2 B 3.0 17.3 B 4.2 4.7 A 1.4 39.8 C 5.2 14.3 B 3.5 27.2 B 4.7 18.7 B 3.2 76.1 B 4.9 23.9 B 4.9

Co-operatives Co-operatives 26.3 A 1.6 37.7 A 1.8 22.8 A 1.5 13.1 A 1.3 31.9 A 1.7 33.7 A 1.8 23.6 A 1.6 10.7 A 1.3 70.6 A 1.7 16.5 A 1.4 7.2 A 1.0 5.8 A 1.0 62.6 A 1.8 18.3 A 1.4 13.1 A 1.2 6.1 A 1.0 34.3 A 1.7 21.8 A 1.5 26.0 A 1.6 18.0 A 1.5 83.9 A 1.3 16.1 A 1.3

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 23.6 A 1.8 29.6 A 2.1 32.3 A 2.1 14.6 A 1.6 27.0 A 1.9 29.9 A 2.0 24.9 A 1.9 18.2 A 1.9 52.1 A 2.2 23.4 A 1.9 16.2 A 1.6 8.3 A 1.2 40.4 A 2.1 22.4 A 1.9 24.6 A 2.0 12.6 A 1.6 13.8 A 1.4 16.6 A 1.5 30.0 A 2.1 39.6 A 2.2 92.0 A 1.1 8.0 A 1.1

Not-for-profit 28.1 A 1.2 31.0 A 1.3 27.6 A 1.4 13.4 A 0.9 33.6 A 1.3 32.4 A 1.3 24.3 A 1.3 9.7 A 0.8 71.0 A 1.3 17.1 A 1.1 8.6 A 0.9 3.3 A 0.6 65.4 A 1.4 18.5 A 1.2 11.8 A 1.1 4.3 A 0.6 34.1 A 1.3 22.2 A 1.1 20.8 A 1.2 22.8 A 1.3 84.2 A 1.0 15.8 A 1.0

Charity 30.1 A 1.7 28.2 A 1.8 26.9 A 1.9 14.7 A 1.6 45.9 A 2.0 23.1 A 1.6 22.3 A 1.6 8.6 A 1.5 80.1 A 1.5 9.8 A 1.1 6.4 A 1.0 3.7 A 0.6 68.9 A 1.9 12.0 A 1.3 12.1 A 1.5 6.9 A 0.9 38.3 A 1.9 17.1 A 1.5 22.0 A 1.8 22.6 A 1.8 78.8 A 1.5 21.2 A 1.5

For-profit 29.3 B 3.3 30.6 B 3.6 24.4 B 3.4 15.8 B 2.9 40.1 B 3.8 27.7 B 3.4 20.2 B 3.0 12.0 B 2.7 67.5 B 3.6 16.1 B 2.8 9.0 A 2.0 7.3 A 2.2 58.2 B 3.8 17.5 B 3.0 14.1 B 2.6 10.2 A 2.4 33.1 B 3.6 12.2 A 2.2 29.2 B 3.6 25.5 B 3.4 83.8 B 2.8 16.2 B 2.8




Not familiar with any type of intellectual

property

Social Enterprises

Slightly familiar Moderately familiar Very familiar Not familiar Slightly familiar Very familiar Not familiar Slightly familiar Moderately familiar Very familiar

Non-disclosure agreements


Familiar with at least one type of

intellectual propertyTrade secrets

Not familiar Slightly familiar Moderately familiar

CMA Level




Employment Size

Region

Registered trade-marks

Very familiar

Degree of familiarity with types of intellectual property

Not familiar Slightly familiar Moderately familiar Very familiarNot familiar Moderately familiar

Patents Registered industrial designs


Table 35: Intellectual Property AwarenessSurvey question(s):I.21. How familiar are you with the following types of Intellectual Property? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)



Location

Export Status


Age of Business






Place of birth

Female Ownership


or introduced





% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 8.9 A 0.4 1.5 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.2 5.1 A 0.3 20.5 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.3 26.9 A 0.7




100 to 499 employees 37.2 B 3.4 14.5 A 2.2 6.9 A 1.2 14.9 A 1.7 54.8 B 3.5 5.4 A 1.9 66.1 B 3.5

Atlantic 4.9 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.1 0.2 A 0.1 3.0 A 0.7 12.0 A 1.6 2.1 A 0.9 17.6 A 1.9

Quebec 8.3 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.3 0.9 A 0.3 5.1 A 0.8 16.9 A 1.3 2.6 A 0.8 23.4 A 1.6

Ontario 10.7 A 0.7 2.0 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.1 6.3 A 0.5 25.8 A 1.2 2.9 A 0.5 32.9 A 1.2

Northern Ontario 8.8 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.5 0.5 A 0.4 8.4 A 1.7 21.5 A 2.4 2.0 A 0.9 30.4 B 2.8

Southern Ontario 10.8 A 0.8 2.0 A 0.2 0.8 A 0.1 6.2 A 0.5 26.1 A 1.2 3.0 A 0.5 33.1 A 1.3

Prairies 9.1 A 1.0 1.7 A 0.5 1.5 A 0.6 4.2 A 0.7 19.3 A 1.4 1.5 A 0.5 26.5 A 1.5

Manitoba 10.7 A 2.1 1.3 A 0.6 0.2 A 0.2 4.4 A 1.5 14.7 B 2.5 2.5 A 1.4 22.9 B 3.0

Saskatchewan 4.1 A 1.1 1.1 A 0.6 0.4 A 0.3 3.0 A 1.2 9.0 A 1.7 2.1 A 0.9 13.2 A 2.0

Alberta 9.9 A 1.4 1.9 A 0.7 2.1 A 0.8 4.4 A 0.9 22.8 A 1.9 1.1 A 0.6 30.4 A 2.1

British Columbia and Territories 7.3 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.4 0.7 A 0.4 4.5 A 0.9 18.6 A 1.7 2.2 A 0.6 23.2 A 1.8

St. John's 17.3 D 7.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.8 B 3.6 14.6 C 5.7 2.8 B 2.7 31.6 D 8.7

Halifax 8.7 B 3.1 1.0 A 0.5 0.1 A 0.1 6.6 B 2.9 30.2 C 6.2 1.3 A 1.3 35.9 C 6.4

Quebec 6.0 A 2.3 1.4 A 0.9 2.6 A 1.2 4.3 A 1.6 13.6 B 3.5 1.3 A 1.0 17.1 B 4.0

Montreal 11.4 A 1.6 1.3 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.5 7.3 A 1.5 25.5 B 2.5 2.8 A 1.0 33.2 B 2.8

Ottawa-Gatineau 13.0 B 2.9 1.4 A 0.6 0.7 A 0.3 6.1 A 1.9 26.1 B 4.4 0.4 A 0.3 32.1 B 4.7

Toronto 12.4 A 1.3 2.3 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.2 6.4 A 0.8 30.6 A 2.0 3.1 A 0.7 37.4 A 2.1

Kingston 12.8 B 3.7 4.5 A 2.4 3.9 A 2.4 7.2 B 2.8 23.3 B 4.3 1.4 A 0.9 30.6 B 4.7

Hamilton 12.8 B 4.8 1.5 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.4 7.1 B 3.4 26.5 C 6.0 15.3 C 6.2 36.8 C 6.7

St. Catharines-Niagara 6.9 A 2.1 2.1 A 1.1 0.1 A 0.1 9.1 B 3.2 19.8 B 4.3 1.3 A 1.1 26.1 B 4.8

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 9.4 B 2.7 2.2 A 1.0 0.7 A 0.5 4.1 A 1.6 31.7 C 5.5 1.8 A 1.2 36.6 C 5.7

London 8.0 A 2.5 2.4 A 1.0 0.0 A 0.0 5.6 A 1.8 19.5 B 4.6 2.9 A 1.8 23.2 B 4.8

Windsor 5.8 A 2.5 2.0 A 1.5 2.0 A 1.5 8.9 B 2.7 26.7 C 5.2 4.5 A 2.4 30.7 C 5.2

Thunder Bay 11.4 B 3.8 1.1 A 0.7 0.0 A 0.0 7.5 B 3.1 20.7 C 5.4 1.2 A 1.2 31.6 C 5.8

Winnipeg 12.0 B 3.0 1.0 A 0.7 0.1 A 0.1 4.8 A 2.2 17.8 B 3.5 3.8 A 2.0 26.2 B 4.1

Calgary 10.3 A 2.3 1.4 A 0.6 0.5 A 0.3 4.0 A 1.8 30.8 B 3.9 2.6 A 1.7 36.2 B 4.0

Edmonton 9.7 B 2.6 1.8 A 0.8 1.0 A 0.7 4.5 A 1.9 18.5 B 3.3 1.0 A 0.6 28.1 B 4.0

Vancouver 10.7 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.6 1.4 A 0.9 6.1 A 1.6 21.5 B 2.7 3.1 A 1.0 28.2 B 2.8

Victoria 5.7 B 2.8 1.8 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 7.2 B 3.6 22.0 C 6.4 2.0 A 2.0 26.2 C 6.8

3.9 A 1.1 0.9 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 2.9 A 0.9 7.1 A 1.3 0.4 A 0.2 10.5 A 1.6

4.0 A 0.9 0.5 A 0.4 1.1 A 0.6 2.7 A 0.6 10.9 A 1.4 0.6 A 0.3 15.5 A 1.6

19.7 A 1.5 9.1 A 1.1 3.8 A 0.7 16.4 A 1.6 31.6 A 1.9 1.6 A 0.5 43.0 A 2.1

23.3 A 2.0 4.7 A 0.8 1.1 A 0.4 9.9 A 1.4 29.3 A 2.1 3.1 A 0.9 42.1 A 2.3

14.2 A 1.8 1.1 A 0.5 1.0 A 0.5 4.2 A 1.2 13.1 A 1.7 1.5 A 0.7 23.5 A 2.2

3.1 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.6 5.7 A 1.4 11.2 A 1.7 1.3 A 0.8 13.3 A 1.7

9.7 A 1.3 1.5 A 0.5 1.1 A 0.6 7.8 A 1.1 46.2 A 2.3 6.4 A 1.2 50.5 A 2.3

13.2 A 1.8 0.7 A 0.4 0.5 A 0.3 4.0 A 0.9 8.0 A 1.4 0.5 A 0.3 18.9 A 2.1

5.8 A 1.1 0.1 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.2 2.3 A 0.6 10.1 A 1.4 1.4 A 0.6 15.8 A 1.7

6.1 A 0.9 0.6 A 0.3 0.1 A 0.1 2.9 A 0.7 22.4 A 1.9 3.4 A 0.9 28.0 A 2.1

Tourism 8.7 B 2.9 0.6 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 4.4 A 2.2 20.4 B 4.1 1.0 A 0.8 24.3 B 4.1

Information and Communication 12.6 A 2.2 3.8 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.6 14.8 A 2.3 59.3 B 3.3 7.6 A 1.7 61.8 B 3.3

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 13.1 B 3.3 5.0 A 1.9 4.8 B 2.5 13.3 B 3.2 42.1 C 5.3 2.8 A 0.9 46.5 C 5.4

Rural 6.5 A 0.9 1.1 A 0.3 0.4 A 0.2 3.4 A 0.5 13.2 A 1.4 1.2 A 0.4 18.5 A 1.4

Urban 9.5 A 0.5 1.7 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.2 5.5 A 0.4 22.3 A 0.8 2.7 A 0.3 29.0 A 0.8

Exporter 23.0 A 1.9 7.3 A 0.8 2.1 A 0.4 15.8 A 1.6 43.4 A 2.2 8.1 A 1.6 55.3 A 2.2

Non-exporter 7.0 A 0.4 0.7 A 0.1 0.7 A 0.2 3.6 A 0.3 17.3 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.2 23.0 A 0.7

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 14.7 A 2.1 3.1 A 0.9 1.2 A 0.4 9.8 A 1.8 36.5 B 3.0 7.7 A 2.0 42.5 B 3.1

11.1 A 1.5 1.8 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.4 5.2 A 0.9 22.3 A 2.1 3.1 A 1.3 30.8 A 2.4

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 8.9 A 0.7 1.6 A 0.2 0.7 A 0.2 5.0 A 0.5 19.3 A 1.0 1.9 A 0.4 26.1 A 1.1

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 6.5 A 0.9 0.7 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.4 4.7 A 0.8 14.9 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.5 20.2 A 1.6

8.4 A 1.2 2.0 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.8 3.9 A 0.8 21.3 A 2.1 0.9 A 0.3 26.7 A 2.3

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 7.0 A 1.2 0.9 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 4.2 A 1.0 20.1 A 2.2 1.9 A 0.9 26.9 A 2.4



Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 10.3 A 0.7 1.8 A 0.2 0.6 A 0.1 5.0 A 0.5 19.0 A 1.1 1.8 A 0.5 26.4 A 1.2

17.3 A 1.3 4.3 A 0.6 2.3 A 0.6 12.7 A 1.2 34.0 A 1.8 5.5 A 1.0 44.2 A 1.9

16.5 A 1.5 4.0 A 0.6 2.4 A 0.8 13.6 A 1.5 35.2 A 2.1 4.8 A 0.9 44.0 A 2.2

15.4 A 1.6 2.7 A 0.5 2.3 A 0.8 13.1 A 1.7 37.0 A 2.3 4.6 A 1.0 45.6 A 2.3

15.5 A 1.5 2.1 A 0.5 1.9 A 0.6 10.9 A 1.3 31.3 A 2.1 3.6 A 0.8 40.3 A 2.2

14.5 A 0.9 3.4 A 0.4 2.0 A 0.4 10.3 A 0.8 31.1 A 1.3 4.1 A 0.7 39.9 A 1.4

6.4 A 0.5 0.7 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.1 2.8 A 0.3 15.7 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.3 21.1 A 0.8

Holds IP 33.1 A 1.4 5.7 A 0.6 3.3 A 0.6 18.9 A 1.1 76.0 A 1.3 8.9 A 1.0 100.0 A 0.0

Holds Formal IP 92.5 A 1.3 16.0 A 1.6 9.3 A 1.5 19.2 A 1.7 51.3 A 2.4 5.7 A 1.2 100.0 A 0.0

No IP 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0

Not familiar with any type of IP 10.8 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.2 6.3 A 0.4 25.7 A 0.8 2.9 A 0.3 33.2 A 0.9

Familiar with at least one type of IP 2.3 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.3 0.7 A 0.3 0.8 A 0.3 2.2 A 0.5 0.8 A 0.6 5.0 A 0.9

Procurement Did business with Federal government 27.1 B 2.5 10.6 A 1.9 5.8 A 1.5 16.0 A 2.1 54.1 B 2.9 4.1 A 1.2 63.5 B 2.8

<30 years old 3.8 A 1.5 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 4.5 A 1.9 11.8 B 3.4 3.6 A 1.5 17.8 B 3.9




65+ years old 8.8 A 1.0 2.0 A 0.5 0.6 A 0.2 5.6 A 0.9 20.4 A 2.0 3.1 A 1.2 29.1 A 2.2

Less than high school 4.9 A 1.3 2.2 A 1.0 1.4 A 1.0 2.8 A 0.8 5.6 A 1.2 0.2 A 0.2 10.3 A 1.7

High school 5.0 A 0.6 1.0 A 0.3 1.1 A 0.4 3.3 A 0.6 9.8 A 1.0 0.8 A 0.3 14.8 A 1.2

College/Cegep/Trade School 8.3 A 0.7 0.8 A 0.2 0.5 A 0.1 4.5 A 0.5 16.9 A 1.1 1.9 A 0.4 23.9 A 1.3

Bachelor's degree 12.0 A 0.9 2.2 A 0.4 0.8 A 0.2 6.1 A 0.7 30.3 A 1.6 3.8 A 0.8 38.4 A 1.7

Master's degree or above 12.8 A 1.5 2.4 A 0.4 1.2 A 0.5 8.4 A 1.2 34.5 A 2.2 4.6 A 1.1 40.4 A 2.2

In Canada 8.7 A 0.5 1.6 A 0.2 0.9 A 0.2 5.2 A 0.4 19.8 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.3 25.9 A 0.8

Outside Canada 9.7 A 1.0 1.4 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.3 5.0 A 0.7 22.6 A 1.5 2.3 A 0.6 30.1 A 1.7

0% 8.6 A 0.6 1.7 A 0.2 1.2 A 0.3 5.4 A 0.5 20.0 A 0.9 2.5 A 0.4 26.3 A 1.0

1% to 49% 11.3 A 1.3 2.5 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.2 5.4 A 0.8 25.1 A 2.2 1.6 A 0.5 31.2 A 2.3

50% 8.8 A 1.0 1.2 A 0.3 0.6 A 0.3 4.5 A 0.7 21.6 A 1.5 1.6 A 0.4 27.9 A 1.6

51% to 99% 12.9 B 2.9 2.4 A 1.2 0.7 A 0.5 2.4 A 0.9 24.2 B 4.9 3.6 B 2.9 31.0 C 5.1

100% 8.0 A 1.3 0.5 A 0.3 0.2 A 0.1 5.0 A 1.1 16.3 A 1.8 3.9 A 1.0 24.2 A 2.1

Potential Borrowers7.3 A 1.8 0.8 A 0.6 0.6 A 0.3 3.4 A 1.1 21.5 B 3.4 2.4 A 1.6 28.0 B 3.6


8.6 A 2.3 0.8 A 0.4 0.0 A 0.0 5.0 A 1.9 23.6 B 4.5 0.9 A 0.6 26.5 B 4.6

Co-operatives Co-operatives 18.0 A 1.5 2.0 A 0.7 1.7 A 0.7 6.2 A 1.0 25.4 A 1.7 2.5 A 0.7 33.0 A 1.8

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 32.0 A 2.2 20.9 A 1.9 9.2 A 1.3 23.8 A 2.0 57.6 A 2.2 6.4 A 1.2 65.1 A 2.1

Not-for-profit 9.3 A 0.8 1.8 A 0.3 0.5 A 0.2 1.9 A 0.3 24.9 A 1.3 5.0 A 0.5 33.1 A 1.4

Charity 13.1 A 1.0 0.4 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.1 0.4 A 0.1 21.2 A 1.7 3.6 A 0.6 31.8 A 1.8

For-profit 12.7 A 2.3 2.1 A 0.7 1.3 A 0.4 6.9 A 1.4 29.6 B 3.7 6.7 A 2.4 38.4 B 3.8

9.5 A 0.5 1.8 A 0.2 1.0 A 0.2 5.6 A 0.4 21.8 A 0.7 2.4 A 0.3 28.3 A 0.8

5.5 A 1.0 0.2 A 0.1 0.3 A 0.2 2.1 A 0.5 12.4 A 1.5 2.7 A 1.2 18.7 A 1.9


Employment Size

Region

Trade secretsNon-disclosure

agreementsRegistered industrial

designs

Types of intellectual propertyHeld at least one

type of intellectual property

Registered trade-marks Patents

Any other type of intellectual property

protection




Table 36: Intellectual PropertySurvey question(s):I.22. As of December 2017, did your business hold any…? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)




CMA Level



Location

Export Status


Age of Business





Place of birth

Female Ownership






Social Enterprises

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE





100 to 499 employees 7.5 B 3.1 90.4 B 3.3 89.4 B 3.1 89.5 B 3.1

Atlantic 2.9 A 0.7 92.3 B 2.8 90.8 B 2.8 94.2 A 1.1

Quebec 2.5 A 0.6 91.9 A 0.9 75.2 A 1.5 87.2 A 1.0

Ontario 4.8 A 1.5 90.0 A 2.1 88.4 A 2.2 78.5 A 2.4

Northern Ontario 0.0 A 0.0 95.9 A 0.8 94.1 B 3.2 74.0 C 5.3

Southern Ontario 5.7 A 1.8 89.0 A 2.5 87.4 B 2.5 79.3 B 2.7

Prairies 2.5 A 0.2 96.2 A 0.3 96.2 A 0.3 88.1 A 1.1

Manitoba 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Saskatchewan 0.0 A 0.0 88.0 A 1.7 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Alberta 3.8 A 0.4 96.2 A 0.4 94.2 A 0.5 81.9 A 1.6

British Columbia and Territories 1.3 A 0.4 93.7 A 1.0 95.1 A 0.8 87.1 A 1.5

St. John's 8.2 B 3.0 91.8 B 3.0 84.6 B 3.7 75.7 C 5.6

Halifax 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 88.6 B 5.0 100.0 A 0.0

Quebec 0.0 A 0.0 91.4 A 2.5 73.1 B 4.8 91.4 A 2.5

Montreal 0.0 A 0.0 94.8 A 1.2 70.9 B 3.0 91.2 A 1.5

Ottawa-Gatineau 17.5 C 5.9 82.5 C 5.9 82.5 C 5.9 68.2 C 7.4

Toronto 0.0 A 0.0 95.7 A 2.4 92.8 A 2.5 85.6 B 3.6

Kingston 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 22.3 E 14.8 55.5 E 14.9 55.5 E 14.9 77.7 E 14.8

St. Catharines-Niagara 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 50.2 F 19.9 50.2 F 19.9

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 6.6 A 1.2 83.9 C 5.0 93.4 A 1.2 83.9 C 5.0

London 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 77.3 E 10.7

Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 0.0 A 0.0 83.0 B 3.8 100.0 A 0.0 58.6 E 10.1

Winnipeg 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Calgary 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 93.1 A 1.0

Edmonton 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 72.5 C 7.2

Vancouver 4.1 A 1.4 83.7 B 2.7 91.9 A 1.9 92.3 A 1.5

Victoria 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 59.2 C 7.3

0.0 A 0.0 87.9 C 6.2 91.6 A 1.6 91.6 A 1.6

5.1 B 2.8 90.9 B 3.1 87.4 B 3.3 91.3 B 2.9

10.2 A 2.1 89.8 A 2.1 89.8 A 2.1 79.5 B 3.7

0.0 A 0.0 75.7 B 4.4 88.5 A 1.9 75.7 B 4.4

0.9 A 0.1 98.1 A 0.2 97.1 A 0.4 93.2 A 1.3

12.5 D 8.9 82.8 D 8.6 82.8 D 8.6 78.2 D 8.3

11.8 C 6.2 80.5 C 6.3 77.3 C 6.2 81.9 C 6.0

9.3 C 5.1 47.8 D 9.4 73.0 E 11.5 81.3 C 6.9

1.6 A 0.2 95.5 A 0.8 85.7 A 1.6 84.3 A 2.2

2.2 A 0.3 93.4 A 0.7 80.2 A 1.4 85.8 A 0.9

Tourism 10.2 C 5.3 80.6 C 5.3 87.1 C 5.2 84.4 C 5.2

Information and Communication .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 7.1 A 1.6 75.5 C 6.2 75.5 C 6.2 92.9 A 1.6

Rural 2.6 A 0.5 93.0 A 1.5 85.2 A 1.8 87.4 A 1.3

Urban 3.0 A 0.6 92.0 A 0.8 83.6 A 1.1 85.9 A 0.9

Exporter 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 94.2 A 1.2 94.2 A 1.2


High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 4.9 A 1.0 89.1 A 2.4 95.1 A 1.0 88.4 B 2.8

0.0 A 0.0 96.9 A 1.1 91.3 A 2.0 91.7 A 1.8


No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 3.8 A 1.4 92.2 A 1.6 80.0 A 2.0 77.0 A 2.4

2.7 A 0.9 89.7 B 3.3 73.1 B 4.0 86.5 A 2.0

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 5.7 A 2.1 88.8 A 2.3 82.3 B 3.1 79.6 B 3.2

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 1.3 A 0.2 94.0 A 0.6 87.4 A 1.4 88.2 A 0.9

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 3.0 A 0.6 92.1 A 1.0 82.5 A 1.3 86.8 A 0.9

4.3 A 1.5 92.6 A 1.8 80.2 A 2.2 86.5 A 1.8

1.1 A 0.2 92.9 B 2.6 87.9 B 2.6 90.0 A 1.8

3.5 A 1.3 89.6 A 2.2 77.8 B 2.9 88.6 A 2.1

3.7 A 1.7 90.5 B 2.7 81.4 B 2.9 87.5 A 2.1

3.0 A 0.9 92.7 A 1.3 82.5 A 1.7 88.5 A 1.3

2.9 A 0.4 91.8 A 0.6 84.8 A 0.9 84.4 A 0.8

Holds IP 3.5 A 1.2 93.0 A 1.4 84.4 A 1.7 84.2 A 1.6

Holds Formal IP 10.3 B 3.3 89.7 B 3.3 85.1 B 3.4 75.5 B 3.3

No IP 2.6 A 0.3 91.8 A 0.8 83.6 A 1.1 87.0 A 0.7


Familiar with at least one type of IP 4.4 A 0.9 90.0 A 1.3 81.6 A 2.0 84.1 A 1.7

Procurement Did business with Federal government .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

<30 years old 6.7 A 1.5 93.3 A 1.5 77.0 C 6.0 68.3 E 10.7

30 to 39 years old 5.5 A 2.5 89.1 B 2.6 83.4 B 2.9 92.0 A 2.5

40 to 49 years old 0.0 A 0.0 93.5 A 0.8 84.2 A 2.2 89.5 A 1.3

50 to 64 years old 3.4 A 0.7 91.7 A 1.1 83.6 A 1.3 84.2 A 1.1

65+ years old 3.1 A 0.6 93.6 A 1.6 85.6 A 1.9 85.5 A 1.4

Less than high school 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 81.0 D 8.7 73.5 B 3.7

High school 7.4 B 3.2 89.1 B 3.3 79.6 B 4.2 71.3 B 3.6

College/Cegep/Trade School 1.0 A 0.2 92.1 A 1.3 85.1 A 1.7 90.9 A 1.0

Bachelor's degree 2.5 A 0.3 94.0 A 0.9 84.7 A 1.3 89.1 A 0.9

Master's degree or above 4.4 A 1.4 90.1 A 1.6 83.0 A 2.1 81.5 A 2.0

In Canada 2.4 A 0.4 93.0 A 0.6 85.0 A 0.9 87.3 A 0.7

Outside Canada 8.8 B 3.7 82.3 B 4.8 71.5 B 4.8 73.5 B 4.3

0% 3.9 A 0.9 91.0 A 1.1 80.9 A 1.5 88.2 A 1.2

1% to 49% 1.7 A 0.2 94.3 A 0.8 87.9 A 1.4 87.6 A 1.5

50% 2.6 A 0.4 86.5 A 2.5 87.3 A 2.5 83.2 A 2.3

51% to 99% 2.8 A 0.8 96.1 A 1.0 83.4 A 1.9 83.8 A 1.6

100% 0.0 A 0.0 98.2 A 0.3 88.3 B 4.0 84.2 A 2.2

Potential Borrowers 0.0 A 0.0 97.8 A 0.3 88.0 A 1.9 84.6 B 2.6


10.5 A 2.1 89.5 A 2.1 74.5 C 7.3 89.5 A 2.1

Co-operatives Co-operatives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Not-for-profit 4.0 A 0.6 90.1 A 0.9 79.3 A 1.2 82.5 A 1.0

Charity 0.5 A 0.2 97.0 A 0.5 94.4 A 0.7 94.6 A 0.7

For-profit .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2.8 A 0.5 92.1 A 0.7 83.7 A 0.9 86.2 A 0.8

4.3 A 1.5 95.7 A 1.5 91.8 A 1.7 87.5 A 2.3


Social Enterprises

Focuses its business activities on carrying

out mission

Reinvests its surpluses to further

mission

Other Services (NAICS 81)

Employment Size

Region

CMA Level

DOES NOT have a clear social,

environmental or cultural mission,

focuses its business activities on carrying

out mission or reinvests its

surpluses to further mission

Has a clear, social environmental or cultural mission



Location

Export Status



Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)






Table 37: Social Enterprises - MissionSurvey question(s):A.3. Does you business …? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories)

Notes:A.3 a) is applicable to all respondents that are social enterprises; b) and c) are applicable to all social enterprises which responded yes to a)







Place of birth

Female Ownership


Age of Business

% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 94.9 A 0.5 9.6 A 0.7 77.3 A 0.9

1 to 4 employees 95.5 A 0.6 15.1 A 2.0 69.0 A 1.7

5 to 19 employees 95.8 A 0.9 8.6 A 1.0 79.0 A 1.5

20 to 99 employees 94.8 A 0.8 6.6 A 0.8 84.1 A 1.6

100 to 499 employees 89.1 B 3.2 6.9 A 1.4 74.7 B 3.4

Atlantic 98.5 A 0.5 21.6 B 4.4 71.0 B 4.4

Quebec 93.6 A 0.9 7.1 A 0.8 80.2 A 1.2

Ontario 97.0 A 1.4 10.8 A 1.8 79.0 A 2.2

Northern Ontario 100.0 A 0.0 12.4 A 1.8 85.8 B 3.5

Southern Ontario 96.4 A 1.6 10.5 A 2.0 77.8 B 2.5

Prairies 94.3 A 1.1 9.3 A 0.9 66.8 A 1.6

Manitoba 94.1 A 2.0 17.2 B 2.8 75.2 B 4.3

Saskatchewan 88.0 A 1.7 13.4 B 4.1 49.3 B 4.4

Alberta 95.3 A 1.5 5.8 A 0.5 66.5 A 1.8

British Columbia and Territories 93.8 A 0.9 7.7 A 1.2 76.7 A 1.9

St. John's 100.0 A 0.0 8.2 B 3.0 83.8 B 4.4

Halifax 100.0 A 0.0 38.1 F 16.5 50.7 F 16.3

Quebec 96.8 A 1.8 6.4 A 2.5 83.6 B 3.1

Montreal 93.3 A 1.4 5.2 A 1.2 84.5 A 2.0

Ottawa-Gatineau 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 72.3 D 7.9

Toronto 97.0 A 0.6 10.2 B 2.6 63.4 C 7.0

Kingston 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

St. Catharines-Niagara 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 93.3 A 1.3 6.7 A 1.3 74.3 C 6.5

London 100.0 A 0.0 22.7 E 10.7 84.2 B 3.9

Windsor 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 83.0 B 3.8

Winnipeg 89.1 B 3.6 0.0 A 0.0 64.2 C 6.9

Calgary 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 72.3 A 2.2

Edmonton 100.0 A 0.0 11.2 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0

Vancouver 91.9 A 1.9 9.4 B 3.1 76.3 B 2.8

Victoria 79.5 C 6.2 20.5 C 6.2 41.0 C 7.3

91.6 A 1.6 24.2 D 7.7 62.6 C 6.4

100.0 A 0.0 9.2 B 3.2 83.4 B 3.7

75.0 C 7.3 0.0 A 0.0 85.3 C 7.4

88.5 A 1.9 23.0 B 3.1 64.2 B 5.0

93.4 A 1.2 14.6 A 2.1 81.9 A 1.7

82.8 D 8.6 0.0 A 0.0 59.1 D 7.8

96.8 A 0.6 3.2 A 0.6 68.2 C 6.4

100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 57.1 E 10.2

95.7 A 1.1 10.7 A 2.4 84.5 A 1.7

95.7 A 0.7 8.9 A 0.9 76.3 A 1.2

Tourism 90.1 C 5.3 9.5 A 2.4 68.0 B 4.9

Information and Communication .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 92.9 A 1.6 7.1 A 1.6 49.0 D 9.2

Rural 95.1 A 0.9 10.5 A 2.0 79.5 A 2.2

Urban 94.8 A 0.6 9.4 A 0.7 76.6 A 1.0

Exporter 94.2 A 1.1 0.0 A 0.0 72.7 D 9.5

Non-exporter 94.9 A 0.6 9.9 A 0.7 77.4 A 0.9

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 100.0 A 0.0 11.7 B 2.8 80.0 B 3.5

96.9 A 1.0 8.1 B 2.9 78.0 A 2.3

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 94.5 A 0.7 11.0 A 1.0 77.5 A 1.2

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 97.6 A 0.6 9.8 A 1.1 76.3 A 2.4

88.7 B 2.7 4.1 A 2.4 76.5 B 3.0

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 95.1 A 1.3 4.5 A 1.1 82.8 B 2.6

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 97.5 A 0.5 8.1 A 1.2 79.7 A 1.5

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 93.4 A 0.9 11.8 A 1.1 74.5 A 1.2

93.6 A 1.4 4.8 A 1.3 85.9 A 1.8

95.5 A 1.3 8.1 B 2.8 92.0 A 1.4

95.5 A 0.9 6.3 A 1.9 89.0 A 1.7

97.3 A 0.7 9.4 A 2.1 85.7 B 2.5

95.6 A 0.9 6.1 A 1.1 86.1 A 1.4

94.3 A 0.7 12.1 A 0.9 70.5 A 1.2

Holds IP 93.9 A 1.0 8.4 A 0.9 81.0 A 1.6

Holds Formal IP 85.8 B 2.7 11.5 A 1.8 77.2 B 2.9

No IP 95.3 A 0.6 10.2 A 1.0 75.2 A 1.1

Not familiar with any type of IP 94.3 A 0.6 8.2 A 0.8 78.4 A 1.0

Familiar with at least one type of IP 97.4 A 0.6 16.2 A 1.7 71.0 A 2.4

Procurement Did business with Federal government .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

<30 years old 100.0 A 0.0 9.6 C 5.2 77.0 C 6.0

30 to 39 years old 93.1 A 1.4 8.4 A 1.5 85.4 A 2.2

40 to 49 years old 95.6 A 1.4 9.2 A 1.6 78.9 A 2.0

50 to 64 years old 93.3 A 0.9 9.0 A 0.9 75.3 A 1.4

65+ years old 98.3 A 0.6 12.4 A 2.1 75.1 A 2.0

Less than high school 73.6 B 3.7 0.0 A 0.0 26.5 B 3.7

High school 90.8 B 3.2 11.9 A 1.6 65.0 B 3.8

College/Cegep/Trade School 94.8 A 0.8 14.6 A 1.7 74.7 A 1.7

Bachelor's degree 94.9 A 1.0 7.9 A 1.1 77.7 A 1.5

Master's degree or above 97.3 A 0.6 6.2 A 1.0 86.3 A 1.5

In Canada 95.0 A 0.6 9.8 A 0.8 76.6 A 1.0

Outside Canada 93.9 A 1.6 7.4 A 2.3 85.0 B 2.7

0% 95.0 A 0.8 11.2 A 1.2 76.8 A 1.5

1% to 49% 97.9 A 0.7 6.5 A 1.2 80.2 A 1.7

50% 91.4 A 2.1 10.4 A 2.1 75.9 B 2.7

51% to 99% 94.6 A 1.0 5.0 A 0.9 80.9 A 1.8

100% 96.4 A 0.4 16.6 B 3.7 68.1 B 3.4

Potential Borrowers96.9 A 1.7 10.7 A 2.4 67.6 B 3.8


89.5 A 2.1 22.2 B 4.8 73.3 D 7.7

Co-operatives Co-operatives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Not-for-profit 94.2 A 0.7 8.6 A 0.8 74.0 A 1.2

Charity 96.5 A 0.5 12.3 A 1.4 84.8 A 1.1

For-profit .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

94.9 A 0.6 9.2 A 0.7 77.9 A 0.9

96.1 A 0.6 22.9 C 6.9 59.8 C 5.0


Employment Size

Region

CMA Level

Business type Evaluates its social, environmental or

cultural impact in the community

Stand-alone entity Owned by a parent entity


Table 38: Social Enterprises - General InformationSurvey question(s):K.1. Is your business …? (Respondents could choose multiple response categories) K.2 Does your business evaluate its social, environmental or cultural impact in the community and report its findings to your staff, investors or clients?

Notes:K.1 & K.2 are applicable to all respondents that are social enterprises and responded yes to A.3 a)



Export Status




Location

Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)




New or significantly improved process or method





Place of birth

Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)



Social Enterprises

Female Ownership

Age of Business

A new organizational method in your business practices, A new way of selling your goods or servicesAt least one of the 4 above innovationsNon-Innovator (none of the above)



% Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE





100 to 499 employees 44.9 B 3.3 21.5 B 2.5 9.5 A 2.0 24.1 A 2.0 3.7 A 1.2 8.1 A 1.1 23.3 A 2.2 64.9 B 2.7

Atlantic 31.0 B 4.7 29.0 B 4.4 23.4 B 4.4 16.6 B 3.1 38.1 C 5.1 8.5 A 1.3 15.8 B 3.8 37.6 B 4.5

Quebec 52.8 A 1.6 27.5 A 1.3 15.4 A 1.3 4.3 A 0.7 12.6 A 1.3 13.7 A 1.0 15.1 A 1.1 58.6 A 1.6

Ontario 42.8 B 3.0 17.9 A 2.1 15.0 A 2.3 24.3 B 2.7 15.4 A 2.5 8.8 A 1.9 15.8 A 2.0 59.9 B 3.0

Northern Ontario 53.2 C 6.3 12.4 A 1.8 18.4 B 3.7 16.1 B 4.4 10.0 B 3.3 11.8 B 4.4 12.4 A 1.8 65.7 C 5.6

Southern Ontario 40.9 B 3.3 18.9 A 2.5 14.3 B 2.6 25.8 B 3.0 16.4 B 2.8 8.3 A 2.1 16.4 A 2.3 58.9 B 3.4


Manitoba 54.3 B 4.1 29.1 B 3.7 10.6 A 1.2 6.0 A 2.0 13.6 B 4.2 16.5 A 2.3 5.9 A 2.0 64.0 B 4.3

Saskatchewan 49.3 B 4.4 38.7 B 4.7 12.0 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 24.0 B 2.6 12.0 A 1.7 13.4 B 4.1 50.7 B 4.4



St. John's 35.1 E 10.8 24.3 C 5.6 8.2 B 3.0 32.5 C 6.7 31.6 C 6.4 16.2 B 4.4 27.9 E 11.8 24.3 C 5.6

Halifax 22.7 D 8.3 37.9 F 16.5 0.0 A 0.0 39.4 F 16.5 49.2 F 16.2 0.0 A 0.0 11.5 C 5.1 39.3 F 16.6

Quebec 37.1 B 4.4 28.0 B 4.1 26.7 C 5.1 8.3 B 4.5 11.4 B 4.7 12.3 A 2.2 21.4 B 4.7 54.9 C 5.1

Montreal 49.9 B 3.0 26.3 B 2.5 17.6 A 2.0 6.2 A 1.2 12.1 B 2.6 13.4 A 2.0 21.6 A 2.4 52.9 B 3.1

Ottawa-Gatineau 24.7 C 6.6 55.6 E 10.6 19.7 E 12.8 0.0 A 0.0 7.2 A 1.7 10.4 C 5.6 19.7 E 12.8 62.8 E 11.3

Toronto 36.1 D 7.5 36.6 C 7.0 12.8 B 4.0 14.5 B 3.6 19.6 C 6.4 15.7 B 4.1 17.1 B 4.6 47.6 C 7.4

Kingston 58.8 E 14.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 41.2 E 14.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Hamilton 76.4 D 9.5 0.0 A 0.0 11.8 C 6.7 11.9 C 6.7 22.3 E 14.8 0.0 A 0.0 11.8 C 6.7 66.0 E 14.6

St. Catharines-Niagara 49.8 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 50.2 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 49.8 F 19.9 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 50.2 F 19.9

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 64.6 C 7.2 9.6 C 5.0 9.6 C 5.0 16.2 C 5.0 16.1 C 5.0 0.0 A 0.0 25.9 C 6.5 58.0 C 7.1

London 61.2 E 10.6 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 38.8 E 10.6 22.7 E 10.7 0.0 A 0.0 15.8 B 3.9 61.5 E 10.6

Windsor 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 100.0 A 0.0

Thunder Bay 41.4 E 10.1 34.0 C 7.0 0.0 A 0.0 24.6 E 11.0 0.0 A 0.0 24.4 E 11.0 17.0 B 3.8 58.6 E 10.1

Winnipeg 79.4 B 4.0 10.9 B 3.6 9.7 A 1.7 0.0 A 0.0 25.0 C 7.0 20.6 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 54.4 C 6.5

Calgary 20.7 A 1.8 13.8 A 1.4 27.7 A 2.2 37.8 B 3.8 20.7 A 1.8 13.9 A 1.4 20.9 A 1.9 44.6 B 3.5

Edmonton 27.4 C 7.2 27.5 C 7.2 22.6 B 3.4 22.6 B 3.4 33.8 B 4.8 0.0 A 0.0 11.3 A 2.0 54.9 C 6.1

Vancouver 32.9 B 3.7 20.0 B 2.7 26.2 B 3.8 20.9 B 3.3 11.4 A 1.7 15.5 A 2.2 31.4 B 4.2 41.7 B 3.9

Victoria 20.3 C 6.2 59.2 C 7.3 0.0 A 0.0 20.5 C 6.2 0.0 A 0.0 18.2 B 3.2 41.0 C 7.3 40.8 C 7.3

66.4 D 7.5 9.4 B 3.2 24.2 D 7.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 8.4 A 1.6 9.4 B 3.2 82.2 B 3.7

28.0 C 5.6 7.5 A 1.7 17.8 C 7.0 46.7 C 7.3 11.6 A 2.4 17.3 C 6.9 4.0 A 1.4 67.2 C 6.8

69.3 C 5.3 20.5 B 3.7 10.2 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 10.2 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 14.9 C 7.4 74.9 C 7.3

40.9 C 6.6 23.1 B 3.1 24.4 B 4.4 11.6 A 1.9 0.0 A 0.0 28.1 C 7.1 11.6 A 1.9 60.3 C 6.4

39.7 B 2.5 27.1 A 2.3 17.1 A 2.4 16.1 A 1.7 0.9 A 0.1 1.3 A 0.7 11.4 A 2.2 86.4 A 2.3

27.0 D 8.1 22.6 C 5.3 40.5 D 7.8 9.8 A 2.3 19.3 D 9.0 4.6 A 0.9 27.9 B 4.4 48.2 D 7.8

55.0 C 6.3 27.3 C 6.3 3.2 A 0.6 14.5 B 3.0 30.3 C 7.1 15.9 A 2.1 20.1 B 4.3 33.7 C 5.5

42.9 E 10.2 18.7 C 6.9 31.9 D 7.6 6.6 A 1.5 9.3 C 5.1 25.3 C 7.2 6.6 A 1.5 58.8 D 8.8

40.8 B 3.0 18.0 A 1.8 26.3 B 2.7 15.0 B 2.6 19.9 B 2.8 12.7 A 1.6 27.7 B 2.8 39.8 B 3.0

46.8 A 1.5 29.6 A 1.3 14.0 A 1.1 9.6 A 0.9 21.3 A 1.4 14.1 A 0.9 12.5 A 1.0 52.1 A 1.6

Tourism 21.2 C 5.0 22.6 B 3.7 30.0 B 5.0 26.2 B 3.3 15.0 C 5.7 15.2 B 2.7 25.3 B 3.0 44.5 B 5.0

Information and Communication .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 44.9 D 8.9 40.7 E 10.1 0.0 A 0.0 14.4 B 2.9 26.5 E 11.7 38.8 D 7.8 20.5 C 7.3 14.2 B 2.9

Rural 42.2 B 2.6 32.4 A 2.4 18.6 A 2.3 6.8 A 0.9 17.6 B 2.6 18.5 A 1.6 8.8 A 1.6 55.0 B 2.7

Urban 45.0 A 1.2 23.5 A 1.0 17.2 A 0.9 14.3 A 0.9 17.1 A 1.0 10.2 A 0.7 16.9 A 0.9 55.8 A 1.3

Exporter 26.3 C 5.5 27.3 D 9.5 19.9 B 4.8 26.4 C 5.5 27.3 D 9.5 14.2 B 4.6 12.3 B 2.8 46.2 C 7.4


High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 23.0 B 3.8 32.4 B 4.2 26.7 C 6.0 17.8 C 5.1 20.6 B 4.6 14.7 B 3.2 22.9 C 6.3 41.8 B 5.0

26.1 B 2.8 23.5 B 2.7 29.0 B 3.8 21.4 B 3.3 14.9 A 2.3 6.8 A 1.8 19.6 B 2.6 58.7 B 3.5


No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 52.5 B 2.6 21.3 A 2.2 17.4 A 1.6 8.8 A 1.7 32.5 B 2.6 15.6 A 1.5 11.6 A 1.8 40.3 A 2.4

51.6 B 3.7 31.6 B 2.9 7.6 A 1.3 9.2 B 2.5 14.9 B 3.3 13.8 A 2.1 13.3 A 1.9 58.0 B 3.7

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 37.6 B 3.3 31.3 B 3.3 17.1 B 3.5 14.0 B 2.5 31.1 B 3.9 5.7 A 1.2 9.2 A 2.3 54.0 B 3.6



39.0 A 2.3 25.1 A 2.1 20.3 A 2.1 15.6 A 1.8 20.4 A 2.2 16.0 A 1.7 12.8 A 1.5 50.7 A 2.4

39.0 B 3.6 22.4 B 2.8 20.9 B 3.6 17.7 B 3.3 10.1 A 1.8 10.7 A 1.7 29.4 B 3.7 49.8 B 3.9

43.6 B 3.0 19.5 A 2.1 25.0 B 2.7 11.9 A 2.0 25.6 B 3.0 13.9 A 1.5 12.1 A 1.8 48.4 B 3.0

31.9 B 3.2 27.3 B 2.6 23.4 B 3.1 17.4 A 2.2 15.7 B 2.9 16.8 A 2.0 16.6 A 2.3 50.9 B 3.3

39.8 A 1.9 24.5 A 1.5 19.6 A 1.7 16.1 A 1.5 21.1 A 1.9 15.3 A 1.2 15.8 A 1.3 47.8 A 2.0

48.0 A 1.3 26.4 A 1.2 16.0 A 0.9 9.6 A 0.8 14.6 A 1.0 9.9 A 0.7 14.4 A 1.0 61.1 A 1.4


Holds Formal IP 39.9 B 3.2 23.4 A 2.5 11.4 A 1.7 25.3 A 2.4 17.0 B 2.8 8.3 A 1.4 10.4 A 1.3 64.3 B 3.0

No IP 46.8 A 1.3 25.7 A 1.1 17.4 A 1.1 10.2 A 0.9 17.5 A 1.2 11.7 A 0.8 15.5 A 1.0 55.3 A 1.4


Familiar with at least one type of IP 44.6 B 2.7 29.8 A 2.1 14.7 A 1.4 10.9 A 1.9 23.8 A 2.5 11.1 A 1.5 17.4 A 2.5 47.7 B 2.6

Procurement Did business with Federal government .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

<30 years old 20.1 B 4.0 52.0 D 9.7 9.6 C 5.2 18.3 E 12.1 25.0 E 11.4 35.6 D 8.5 6.8 A 1.5 32.7 D 7.7

30 to 39 years old 39.5 B 3.7 31.3 B 3.6 23.6 B 4.3 5.5 A 1.2 23.6 B 4.2 13.1 A 2.1 13.6 B 3.0 49.6 B 4.0




Less than high school 60.2 C 5.2 13.3 A 2.3 26.5 B 3.7 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 0.0 A 0.0 26.5 B 3.7 73.5 B 3.7

High school 54.0 B 3.9 25.3 B 2.8 14.4 B 3.3 6.3 A 0.6 17.3 B 4.3 7.7 A 1.8 17.2 B 2.5 57.9 B 4.1





Outside Canada 58.5 B 4.3 22.9 B 3.1 12.5 B 3.7 6.1 A 1.6 16.1 B 3.7 12.3 B 2.9 26.2 B 4.2 45.4 B 4.5

0% 41.9 A 1.7 26.1 A 1.5 17.5 A 1.3 14.5 A 1.2 15.8 A 1.5 14.5 A 1.1 18.0 A 1.3 51.8 A 1.7

1% to 49% 44.5 A 2.4 29.0 A 2.1 13.7 A 1.6 12.9 A 1.6 7.5 A 0.9 7.2 A 1.5 19.8 A 2.0 65.4 A 2.3

50% 49.9 B 3.2 18.9 A 2.3 16.5 A 2.3 14.7 B 2.6 19.7 B 2.9 8.9 A 1.6 5.9 A 1.0 65.6 B 3.1

51% to 99% 45.2 B 2.8 26.1 A 2.1 17.5 B 2.6 11.2 A 1.4 20.7 B 2.7 12.9 A 1.3 16.5 A 2.1 49.9 B 2.8

100% 44.8 B 4.1 27.4 B 3.1 27.8 B 4.0 0.0 A 0.0 31.8 B 4.4 12.7 A 2.2 4.6 A 1.6 50.9 B 4.1

Potential Borrowers40.8 B 4.3 24.6 B 3.6 34.7 B 3.9 0.0 A 0.0 10.7 A 2.4 6.6 A 0.7 12.0 A 1.9 70.7 B 3.2


37.2 D 7.6 15.0 C 7.5 10.5 A 2.1 37.3 D 7.6 10.5 A 2.1 0.0 A 0.0 15.0 C 7.5 74.5 C 7.3

Co-operatives Co-operatives .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..



For-profit .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

45.4 A 1.1 25.1 A 0.9 17.1 A 0.9 12.3 A 0.8 17.8 A 1.0 11.8 A 0.7 14.8 A 0.8 55.5 A 1.2

13.3 B 3.1 37.0 C 6.3 27.4 B 3.3 22.3 B 3.9 0.0 A 0.0 20.1 B 2.8 22.5 C 6.8 57.3 C 5.8


Social Enterprises

67% to 100%

Value of donations and gifts Sales of goods and services as a percentage of revenue

No donations/gifts $1 to $9,999 $10,000 to $99,999 More than $100,000 No sales 1% to 33% 34% to 66%


Employment Size

Region

CMA Level


Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (NAICS Accommodation and Food Services (NAICS 72)Other Services (NAICS 81)




Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)Retail Trade (NAICS 44-45)Transportation and Warehousing (NAICS 48-49)


Location

Export Status






Table 39: Social Enterprises - Donations and SalesSurvey question(s):K.3. Please indicate the value of all financial donations and/or gifts that your organization received in 2017. K.4. In 2017, what percent of your business's revenues came from the sales of goods and services?

Notes:K.3 & K.4 are applicable to all respondents that are social enterprises and responded yes to A.3 a)





Place of birth

Female Ownership

Age of Business


or introduced


# Qua

lity

SE % Qua

lity

SE

All SMEs 1 to 499 employees 732,152 A 0.6 100.0 A 0.0

1 to 4 employees 401,457 A 1.2 54.8 A 0.5

5 to 19 employees 238,817 A 1.7 32.6 A 0.5

20 to 99 employees 78,464 A 3.0 10.7 A 0.3

100 to 499 employees 13,414 B 6.4 1.8 A 0.1

Atlantic 45,540 A 1.3 6.2 A 0.1

Quebec 163,307 A 1.2 22.3 A 0.2

Ontario 258,523 A 1.1 35.3 A 0.3

Northern Ontario 15,606 A 4.7 2.1 A 0.1

Southern Ontario 242,917 A 1.2 33.2 A 0.3

Prairies 146,331 A 1.2 20.0 A 0.2

Manitoba 22,497 B 5.2 3.1 A 0.2

Saskatchewan 23,371 B 5.2 3.2 A 0.2

Alberta 100,464 A 1.6 13.7 A 0.2

British Columbia and Territories 118,450 A 1.6 16.2 A 0.2

St. John's 3,771 D 17.5 0.5 A 0.1

Halifax 7,466 C 11.1 1.0 A 0.1

Quebec 13,758 C 13.3 1.9 A 0.2

Montreal 74,805 A 4.3 10.2 A 0.4

Ottawa-Gatineau 23,031 B 7.4 3.1 A 0.2

Toronto 115,553 A 3.1 15.8 A 0.5

Kingston 3,230 B 7.8 0.4 A 0.0

Hamilton 13,562 B 10.0 1.9 A 0.2

St. Catharines-Niagara 7,308 B 9.5 1.0 A 0.1

Kitchener-Cambridge-Waterloo 9,581 B 8.7 1.3 A 0.1

London 9,115 B 8.6 1.2 A 0.1

Windsor 5,642 B 9.2 0.8 A 0.1

Thunder Bay 2,270 B 8.7 0.3 A 0.0

Winnipeg 15,141 B 7.5 2.1 A 0.2

Calgary 29,456 B 7.1 4.0 A 0.3

Edmonton 26,499 B 7.7 3.6 A 0.3

Vancouver 54,335 B 5.3 7.4 A 0.4

Victoria 10,298 D 16.2 1.4 A 0.2

45,669 A 1.6 6.2 A 0.1

120,173 A 1.5 16.4 A 0.2

41,620 A 1.0 5.7 A 0.1

37,545 A 1.6 5.1 A 0.1

84,238 A 1.4 11.5 A 0.2

41,628 A 2.7 5.7 A 0.1

105,268 A 1.5 14.4 A 0.2

60,363 A 1.7 8.2 A 0.1

50,506 A 1.9 6.9 A 0.1

145,141 A 1.9 19.8 A 0.3

Tourism 27,464 B 8.1 3.8 A 0.3

Information and Communication 29,369 A 2.8 100.0 A 0.0

Knowledge-Based Industries (KBI) 23,156 C 10.2 3.2 A 0.3

Rural 141,548 A 3.1 19.3 A 0.6

Urban 590,603 A 1.0 80.7 A 0.6

Exporter 85,631 A 4.1 11.7 A 0.5

Non-exporter 646,521 A 0.8 88.3 A 0.5

High Growth Firms (20% or more growth per year) 52,434 B 5.9 7.2 A 0.4

79,295 A 4.9 10.8 A 0.5

Slow Growth Firms (1% to 10% growth per year) 303,126 A 2.0 41.4 A 0.8

No Growth Firms (0% growth per year) 133,312 A 3.7 18.2 A 0.7

86,698 A 4.6 11.8 A 0.5

2015-2017 (2 years or younger) 69,321 A 4.6 9.5 A 0.4

2007-2014 (3 to 10 years old) 243,624 A 2.5 33.3 A 0.8

1997-2006 (11 to 20 years old) 190,290 A 2.8 26.0 A 0.7

Prior to 1997 (more than 20 years old) 228,916 A 2.4 31.3 A 0.7

130,711 A 3.5 17.9 A 0.6

85,550 A 4.2 11.7 A 0.5

86,898 A 4.4 11.9 A 0.5

93,995 A 4.3 12.8 A 0.5

213,385 A 2.6 29.1 A 0.7

473,663 A 1.3 64.7 A 0.8

Holds IP 185,097 A 2.7 25.3 A 0.7

Holds Formal IP 66,294 A 4.6 9.1 A 0.4

No IP 501,952 A 1.2 68.6 A 0.7

Not familiar with any type of IP 533,837 A 1.1 72.9 A 0.7

Familiar with at least one type of IP 153,212 A 3.3 20.9 A 0.7

Procurement Did business with Federal government 6,037 A 2.0 100.0 A 0.0

<30 years old 12,732 C 12.2 1.7 A 0.2

30 to 39 years old 103,143 A 4.2 14.1 A 0.6

40 to 49 years old 183,820 A 3.0 25.1 A 0.7

50 to 64 years old 342,541 A 1.9 46.8 A 0.8

65+ years old 89,916 A 4.4 12.3 A 0.5

Less than high school 47,991 B 6.1 6.6 A 0.4

High school 172,588 A 2.9 23.6 A 0.7

College/Cegep/Trade School 214,431 A 2.5 29.3 A 0.7

Bachelor's degree 186,858 A 2.8 25.5 A 0.7

Master's degree or above 110,284 A 4.0 15.1 A 0.6

In Canada 549,323 A 1.1 75.0 A 0.7

Outside Canada 182,829 A 2.9 25.0 A 0.7

0% 390,548 A 1.6 53.3 A 0.8

1% to 49% 74,406 A 4.6 10.2 A 0.5

50% 153,315 A 3.1 20.9 A 0.6

51% to 99% 18,329 C 10.3 2.5 A 0.3

100% 95,554 A 4.3 13.1 A 0.6

Potential Borrowers34,646 B 7.4 4.7 A 0.3


20,619 B 9.9 2.8 A 0.3

Co-operatives Co-operatives 746 A 1.5 100.0 A 0.0

Clean Tech Clean Technology SMEs 1,252 A 0.9 100.0 A 0.0

Not-for-profit 541 A 1.5 69.3 A 0.5

Charity 240 A 1.8 30.8 A 0.5

For-profit 34,382 B 7.3 4.7 A 0.3

634,751 A 0.9 86.7 A 0.6

97,400 A 4.2 13.3 A 0.6


Location

Export Status

Growth

CMA Level






Region

Table 40: Weighted Enterprise Counts


Employment Size

Weighted Count Percentage

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting (NAICS 11), Construction (NAICS 23)Manufacturing (NAICS 31-33)Wholesale Trade (NAICS 41)



Age of Business








Place of birth

Female Ownership

Social Enterprises


SURVEY ON FINANCING AND GROWTH OF SMALL AND …...Data collection The sample size for this survey...

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