Surigao State College of Technology Surigao City

 

EMMYLOU ASPACIO BORJA, Ed.D.

Assistant Professor II

Email address: emmylouborja@yahoo.com

VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT (VLE) IN THE

TEACHING OF BIOLOGY

SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(SSCT)

Surigao City Campus

Del Carmen Campus

Malimono Campus

Mainit Campus

The twenty-first century can be characterized as the age of technology and media. (Smaldino, 2005).

Introduction

Recently, teachers have expanded their repertoire of materials and procedures to include the new technologies for learning. (Smaldino, 2005).

In a typical classroom, traditional media such as pictures, charts, diagrams, television and overhead projectors are commonly used by biology instructors. (Reid, 2006).

Learning research has demonstrated that visualizing processes in three dimensions aids learning and animations are effective visualization tools for novice learners and with a long term memory retention. (McClean, 2004).

set of teaching and learning tools designed to enhance students’ learning experience by including computers and the internet in the learning process.

www.renbrook.org

www.softchalk.com

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using virtual learning environment in the teaching of Biology.

determine the level of students' achievement in Biology in the pre-test and the post-test in the typical classroom and in the classroom using the VLE

find out the significant improvement from the pre-test to the post-test in the experimental and control groups in terms of their achievement in Biology as well as the significant difference in the students’ interest and attitude towards Biology.

Theoretical and Conceptual FrameworkBruner’s Constructivist

Learning Theory

Virtual Learning Environment(VLE)

Mayer’s Theory of Multimedia

Pre – test

Biology Teaching

Experimental(VLE)

Interest

Control(Traditional Media)

Post - Test

Learning Guide for Biology Lessons Using VLE

Attitudes

Quasi-Experimental Design The design involved two groups, the

control and experimental groups. Both groups were pre-tested and post-tested but only the experimental group was given the experimental treatment.

Research Methodology

Research Design

The respondents of this study were the 86 1st year BSED students of SSCT Surigao City Campus for AY 2011-2012

Respondents

The researcher used the following instruments:

Instrument I. Learning guide for the lessons using VLE and traditional media.

Instrument II. Researcher-made test to determine the achievement level of the students in biology.

Instrument III. Modified Fenemma-Sherman Biology Attitude Scale and modified interest scale

Research Instrument

The following steps were done in conducting the study: Selection Group Matching Pre-testing Intervention Post-testing

Data Gathering Procedure

The following statistical tools were employed to treat the data of the study:

z-test t-test of Correlated Means t-test of Mean Difference t-test of Independent Samples Spearman Brown Formula

Hypothetical significance was pegged at α=.05 

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following were the findings of the study:

The experimental and control groups performance in the pre-test was “Below Average”.

Both groups performance increased in the post-test from “Below Average” to “Average”.

The experimental group had a higher mean gain than the control group but it was not statistically significant.

Both groups collaborative feeling toward Biology was positive which means that they were “Interested”.

Findings

The experimental and control groups had the same interest towards Biology.

The experimental and control groups collaborative trend of opinion towards Biology was “Agree” which means that they had “Positive” attitude towards Biology.

Both groups had positive attitude towards Biology.

The use of Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) is as effective as the use of Traditional Media in teaching Biology. When a teacher uses constructivist approach in teaching, the use of VLE and traditional media are both effective in enhancing academic performance and promoting positive attitude and interest of students towards the subject.

Conclusion

Documentation During the Conduct of the StudyCONTROL

GROUP

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

THANK YOU

ReferencesA. BOOKS

Brooks, J. (1990). Teachers and Students Constructivist Forgiving Connections – Educational Leadership. Alexandria, VA.

Bruner, Jerome (2005). A Study of Thinking. Harvard University Press. USA

Campbell, Neil A. (2007). Biology Concepts and Connections Eight edition. Pearson Education South Asia PTE. LTD. Philippines.

Denby, Derek.( 2005). ICT in Support of Science Education: A Practical User's Guide. The University of York Science Education Group.

Fischer, F. (2004). Computer Networking for Education. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.

 Good, T. (1994). School Effects: Handbook of

Research on Teaching. MacMillan, New York.

Krapp, A. (2000). Interest and Human Development During Adolescence: An

Educational- Psychological Approach. In J. Heckhausen (Ed.

Motivational Psychology of Human Development. London: Elsevier.

 

Lucido, Paz I. (2007). Educational Technology II. Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Quezon City, Metro Manila.

Mader, Sylvia S. (1998). BIOLOGY. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. U.S.A.

Mayer, R.E (2001). Multimedia Learning. Cambridge University Press, New York.

 Navarro, Rosita. (1998). The Theoretical

Basis of Media Technology. Katha Publishing Co. Inc. Quezon City. 

Penecilla, Gerard L. (2003). Basic Concepts in Biology. Trinitas Publishing, Inc. Pantoc, Meycauayan, Bulacan.

Piaget, J. (1996). Education Researches as cited in Educator Services, Teaching and Learning Curriculum Resources.

Reed, Arthea J.S., et.al.(1998). In the Classroom, An Introduction to Education. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc., New York.

Pitrich, P.R. and Schunk, D.H. (2002). Motivation in Education: Theory, Research and Application (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.

Salandanan, G.(2002). Teaching Approaches and Strategies. National Publishing House.

Scanlon E, et al (2003). Educational Technology & Society 3(4), Pearson Prentice Hall, U.S.A.

Smaldino, Sharon E. (2005). Instructional Technology and Media for Learning. Pearson Prentice Hall, U.S.A.

Someren, E. (2001). Learning with Multiple Representations. Amsterdam: Pergamon.

Sprinthall, R. (1998). Educational Psychology A Developmental Approach. United States of America: Mc Graw- Hill Companies, Inc.

B. JOURNALS

Ali, R. (2005). Development and Effectiveness of Modular Teaching in Biology at Secondary Level. University ofArid, Rawalpindi Journal.

 Ainsworth, S. (1998). Analyzing the Costs and

Benefits of Multiple Representational Learning Environments. Learning with Multiple Representations. Amsterdam, Pergamon.

 Ang, H.K and Wang Q. (2006). Proceedings of the

First International LAMS Conference 2006: Designing the Future of Learning. Paper presented at Nanang Technological University, Singapore

Azzawi, Mary. (2007). The Effectiveness of Lecture-Integrated, Web- Supported Case Studies in Large Group Teaching. Bioscience Education e-Journal Volume 5.

Clark, Richard E. (1994). Media will Never Influence Learning. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(2), 21-29.

Cherif, A., and M. Wideen. (1992). The Problems of Transition from High School to University Science. Catalyst. 36 (1)

Chou, S. W. and Liu, C. H.(2005). Learning Effectiveness in a Web Based

Virtual Learning Environment: a Learner Control Perspective. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 65–76

Dalgarno, B. (2004). User Control and Task Authenticity for Spatial Learning in 3D Environments. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 20 (1), 1-17. Dede, C. (1998). Introduction. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD) Yearbook: Learning with Technology. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Durbin J.M., (2002). The Benefits of Combining Computer Technology and Traditional Teaching Methods in Large Enrollment Geoscience Classes, Journal of Geoscience Education, 50, 56-63.

Ebenezer, J.V and Zoller, U. (1993). Grade 10 Students' Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Science Teaching and School Science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. Vol. 30 pp. 175-186.

Etkina, E., and J.P. Mestre. (2004). Implications of Learning Research for Teaching Science to Non-Science Majors. SENCER Backgrounder PRESENTED AT at SSI 2004.

Fadel, Charles. (2008). Multimodal Learning Through Media: What the Research Says. Cisco Systems, Inc.

Fairbrother R. (2000). Strategies for Learning. In: Monk M and Osborne J (Eds), Good practice in Science Teaching: What research has to say (pp. 7–22). Buckingham. Open University Press.

Franklin, S. and Peat, M. (1998). Online Learning: The First Year Biology Way. Paper presented at the 15th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, December.

 Gance, S. (2002). Are Constructivism and

Computer-Based Learning Environments Incompatible? Journal of the Association for History and Computing, 5 (1), K-12.

Goldberg, Harry R. (2000). Student Test Scores are Improved in a Virtual Learning Environment. Advance Physical Education. Vol. 23, pages 59-66.

Ho, W.C. (2009). The Role of Multimedia Technology in Hongkong Higher Education Music Programs. Visions of Research in Music Education.

Hounsel, P.B and Hill S.R. (1989). The Microcomputer & Achievement & Attitudes in High School Biology. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Vol. 26, pp 543-549.

Johnson, A. (2002). Augmenting Elementary School Education with VR. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. March/April, 6-9.

 Kachala, J. (1996). Report on the

Effectiveness of Technology in Schools. Software Publishers Association, Washington D.C., U.S.A.

Kozma, Robert B. (1994), The Influence of Media on Learning: The Debate Continues, School Library Media Research, Volume 22, Number 4, Summer 1994.

Kulik, C. C., & Kulik, J. A. (1991). Effectiveness of Computer-Based Instruction: An Updated Analysis, Computer in Human Behavior, 7, 75-94.

Liao, Y.K.C. (1999). Effects of Hypermedia on Students‘ Achievement. A Meta- Analysis. J. Ed. Multimedia Hypermedia Vol. 8, 255-277.

Luca, Joseph. 2008. Roles and Importance of Multimedia in Higher Education. Paper presented on EDMEDIA June 30, 2008. Vienna, Austria.

Max and Kishner, N. (2008). Assessing the Relationship Between Attitude Towards Mathematics and Achievements in Mathematics: A Meta Analysis. Journal for Research in Math Education, Vol. 28 No. 1, 1997.

Mayer, R. (1999). Cognitive Principles of Multimedia Learning: The Role of Modality and Contiguity. Journal of Educational Psychology 91: 358–368.

Mc Clean, P. & Johnson, C. (2004). Molecular & Cellular Biology Animations: Development and Impact on Student Learning.

Nasr, Ahmad R. (2011). International Journal of Biology, Volume 3, no.4

 Ogena, B. and Brawner F. (1992). Science

Education in the Philippines: An Overview. National Education Congress (A Compilation),1:1-23.

 Osborne, J. (2003). Attitude Towards

Science: A Review of the Literature and Its Implications. International Journal of Science Education, 25,1049–1079.

Okan, Z. (2003). Edutainment: is Learning at Risk? British Journal of Educational Technology. Vol. 34, pp. 255-264.

 Orlando, Demetri. (2004). The Potential of

Virtual Learning Environments. Emerging Issues for Educational Technology.

 Peat, M. (2001). Managing Change: The Use

of Mixed Delivery Modes to Increase Learning Opportunities. Australian Journal of Education Technology. Vol. 17 (1), 37-49.

Plass J. L., Chun D. M., Mayer R. E., and Leutner D., (2003), Cognitive Load in Reading a Foreign Language Text with Multimedia Aids and the Influence of Verbal and Spatial Abilities. Computers in Human Behaviour 19, 221-243.

Reid, Alex T. (2000). Perspectives on Computers in Education: The Promise, The Pain, The Prospect. Active Learning. CTI Support Service. Oxford, U.K.

Roberts, Gary. (2010). Developing the Agora in the 21st Century- An Analysis of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) as a Platform for Engaging with Adult Literacies Practitioners in Scotland. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Science, Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2010. pages 1096-1101.

Rynor, B. (2004). Virtual CHILD's Play: Letting Disabled Kids in on the Games.The Ottawa Citizen; The Citizen's Weekly (Style Section).

Seufert T. (2003) Supporting Coherence Formation in Learning from Multiple Representations. Learning and Instruction 13, 227-237.

 Sikos, Laszlo. (2010). The Role of Structured

Multimedia to Improve the Teaching Impact in Process Integration. Information Technology Journal, Hungary.

Squire, K. (2004). Replaying History: Learning World History Through Playin Civilization III. Graduate Studies Journal, Indiana State University.

Shrigley, R.L. (1990). Attitude & Behavior are Correlates. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. Vol. 27, 97-113.

 Trumper, Ricardo (2006). Factors Affecting Junior High

School Student’s Interest in Biology. Science Education International Vol. 17, No. 1, March 2006, pp. 31-48

White, Alan R. (1999). The Virtual Cell: An Interactive, Virtual Environment For Cell Biology. Paper submitted to the World Conference on Educational Media, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (ED-MEDIA 99).

 Wonacott, M. E.(2000). Web-Based Training and

Constructivism. Columbus: National Dissemination Center for Career and Technical Education, the Ohio State University

C. UNPUBLISHED THESIS AND DISSERTATION

 

Enrile, Christine R. (2012) “Learning Activity Packages (LAP) in Teaching Stoichiometry and Gas Laws”. Unpublished Masteral Thesis. Cebu Normal University, Cebu City.

 Enriquez, Lynne R. (2006). “The Effects of

Computer Simulated Experiments CSE) VS Traditional Laboratory Experiments (TLE) on Students Performance in Physics”. Unpublished Masteral Thesis. Cebu Normal

University, Cebu City.

Geraldino, Linda. (2002). “Level of Pupil’s Achievement in Science and the Degree of Necessity of Teaching Needs and Adequacy of In-Service Training of RISE and Non-Rise Teachers”. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, San Nicolas College, Surigao City.

Lorenzana, Merlinda A. (2008). “Information Technology (IT) Integration in Secondary Chemistry”. Unpublished Masteral Thesis. Cebu Normal University, Cebu City.

 Sanchez, Merlyn. (2004). “The Relative Effectiveness of

Constructivist Guided, Practical Work and Process Approaches in Teaching College Algebra”.Unpublished Dissertation: MPSC, Cagayan de Oro City.

Yepes, Prose Ivy G. (1999). “The Effects of Using Videotapes in Biological Science Instruction for College Students”. Unpublished Masteral Thesis. Cebu Normal University, Cebu City.

D. ELECTRONIC SOURCES

http://www.masteringbio.comhttp:vcell.ndsu.edu/animations/flytrough/

movieflash.htmhttp://bio-alive.com/animations/cell-

biology.htmhttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htmhttp://iknow.net/CDROMs/cell_cdrom/index.htmlhttp:/www.youtube.comhttp://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/

virtuallessons/mitostage/http://biologyhttp://www.cellsalive.com/meiosis.htmhttp://www.yutube.com/watch?v=iXmw3fR8fh0

http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/Common/respiration.html

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/tca/tca.htm

http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter9/animations

http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/templates/student_resources/shared_resources/animations/oxidative/oxidativephosphorylation.html

http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/bio1int.htm

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/geneprob.ht