Surgical Aspects and Techniques for Bone and Soft-Tissue ...
Transcript of Surgical Aspects and Techniques for Bone and Soft-Tissue ...
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Surgical Aspects and Techniques Surgical Aspects and Techniques
for Bone and Softfor Bone and Soft--Tissue SarcomasTissue Sarcomas
Orthopädie Heidelberg
B. B. LehnerLehner, V. Ewerbeck, V. Ewerbeck
OrthopedicOrthopedic universityuniversity clinicclinic HeidelbergHeidelbergDirectorDirector: Prof. Dr. V. Ewerbeck : Prof. Dr. V. Ewerbeck
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Pathology
Research
Psychology
Radiology
Radio-therapy
Oncology
PlasticSurgery
Orthopaedics
Patient
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Survival rate Osteosarcoma (COSS)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2008
%
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
• High-grade Sarcoma: 62%
• Low-grade Sarcoma: 87%
dependent of tumour stage
5-Year-Survival of Soft tissue sarcoma
LahatLahat et al, Ann et al, Ann SurgSurg OncolOncol, 2008, 2008
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
LahatLahat et al, Ann et al, Ann SurgSurg OncolOncol, 2008, 2008
survival and tumor size survival and tumor localisation
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
• Role of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy still unclear
• No improvement in the overall survival
• But: In cases of high-risk sarcomas ?
• Effectiveness of chemotherapy is tumour entity-dependent
(chemosensitive: Synovial sarcoma)
CasaliCasali et al, Ann et al, Ann OncolOncol 20082008
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in the treatmentof soft tissue sarcomas
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
• Significant improvement in local tumour control
• But: failed to improve overall survival
• Recommendation for high grade tumours with marginal resection and deep tumours with an extension of ≥ 5 cm
MendenhallMendenhall et al, Am J et al, Am J ClinClin OncolOncol, 2009, 2009
Adjuvant Radiation therapy in the treatmentof Soft tissue sarcomas
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Median dose 15 Gy + postoperative external beam radiotherapy 43 Gy
Intraoperative electron boost radiotherapy (IOERT)
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
n = 86 Orthopedic clinic Heidelberg
• 5y overall survival 62%
• 5y local control 77%depends on resection status, IOERT dose
depends on resection status, grading
• Extremity salvage until death 88%• Enneking score 78%• Fracture rate 5%
Intraoperative electron boost radiotherapy (IOERT)
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
The complete resection of the
primary tumour is pivotal for
the oncological outcome
JaffeJaffe 19521952
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Surgical goal for soft tissue sarcomasen bloc resection beyond the reactive area of the
compartment
wide resection margins
2-3 cm safety margins
Surgical optionsreconstructive surgery
• vascular and soft tissue graft, plastic surgery
ablative surgery
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
radical resectionwide resectionmarginal resectionintralesional resection
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
55%
25%
10%
10%
Lower extermity Upper extremity trunk bones retroperitoneum
Tumour location soft tissue sarcomas
FletcherFletcher et al, WHO et al, WHO classificationclassification of of tumourstumours, 2002, 2002
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Soft tissue sarcomasHistological subtypes n = 1080
• MFH 24 %• Liposarcomas 33 %
• Leiomyosarcomas 16 %• Synovialsarcomas 12 %• MPNST 8 %• Rhabdomyosarcomas 2 %• NOS 5 %
DeptDept. of . of PathologyPathology, University Heidelberg, 1991, University Heidelberg, 1991--20082008
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Surgical goal for bone sarcomaswide tumour resection
• 3 cm safety margins
• adequate soft tissue cover of the tumour
Surgical optionsreconstructive surgery
ablative surgery
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour location bone sarcomas
80
65
50
15 1510
5
20
40
0
20
40
60
80
100
Lower extermity Upper extremity Trunk bones
Osteosarcoma Ewing-Sarcoma Chondrosarcoma
%
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Reconstructive surgery
• Modular endoprosthesis system
• Autografts (Fibula, cancellous bone)
• Allografts
Biological Reconstruction
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Modular tumour endoprosthesis system (MUTARS)
• Maximum load capacity
(lower extremity!)
• Reconstruction of major
osseous defects with joint
involvement
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
High Grade High Grade osteoblasticosteoblasticOsteosarcomaOsteosarcoma distaldistal femurfemur
16y 16y oldold boyboy
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Extendable prosthesis for children(growing prosthesis)
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Biological reconstruction
Reconstruction of physiological conditions by using autologous
substances
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
pros
• facilitated complication management
• lower infection rate• lower pseudoarthrosis rate• higher adaptability• no logistics (transportation,
storage etc.)
contras
• limited availability• insufficient load bearing
capacity• no joint replacement
Autologous bone
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Infection rate
bonebone
homologoushomologous
6 6 –– 30 %30 %
autologousautologous
0,5 0,5 –– 4 %4 %
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Autologous bone
• Clavicula pro humero
• Fibula with / without caput fibulaewith / without vascular pedicle graft
• cancellous bone (pelvis, ribs, radius, tibia)
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Reconstruction withvascular pedicle fibula graft
13 year old femaleOsteosarcoma proximal humerus
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Fracture of fibula graft duringkick-boxing
14y following resection ofEwing sarcoma
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Reconstruction with intraoperative extracorporeal
lethal irradiated autologous tibia
30 year old femaleEwing sarcoma tibia
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
2009
Ingrowth of tibia followingreconstruction with
intraoperative extracorporeallethal irradiated autologous tibia
50y old patient with Adamantinoma
2005
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Combined vascularized fibula (autograft ) and allograft shell “mantle transplant”
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Reconstructive surgery
34-60 %
Complication rate
• Infection
• Aseptic loosening
• Implant failure
• Fracture
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Complication of biologic reconstruction
Fracture of fibula autograft following resection of Ewing sarcoma
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Complication rateMUTARS (n=120)
11/120(9 %)
7/63(11 %)
Septic loosening
18/120(15 %)
14/63(22 %)
Implant failure
13/120(11 %)
11/63(17 %)Aseptic loosening
total≥ 5 yearsComplication
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Implant failure
Breakage of locking mechanism
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Indication for ablative therapy
• Infiltration of nerve and vascular bundle
• Tumour size
• Recurring tumour
• Palliation
30y old patient with MFH
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Osteosarcomadistal radius
20 year old male
Ablative therapy
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Disadvantage of amputation?
• Function of amputation (n = 16) 65 %
• Function of reconstructive surgery (n = 50) 77 %
• Quality of life, life satisfaction
no significant difference
dependent on tumour location
Zahlten et al, Zahlten et al, bjcancerbjcancer, 2004, 2004
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
New developmentsof exoprosthesis
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Complication rate
Amputation
3 - 40 %
• Phantom pain
• Soft tissue necrosis
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Special ablative surgery: rotation-plasty
ankle joint functions as new knee joint
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Problem cases
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour size
• Chondrosarcoma G II pelvis
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour location
• intraspinal Chondrosarcoma metastasis
• Tumour resection not possible
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour location
• long segment involvement of vascular and nerv
bundle (Rhabdomyosarcoma GIII)
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour location
• long segment involvement of bone
(Myxofibrosarcoma GII)
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour residuum
• Synovial sarcoma R I resection
• further resection necessary?
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour recurrence
• Spindle cell sarcoma G III left pelvis
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Tumour entity
• Chordoma with high recurrence rate
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Ewing sarcomapre chemotherapy
Tumour boundary• Definition of resection margins after downsizing
through neoadjuvant chemotherapy
post chemotherapy
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Orthopädie Heidelberg
Surgical treatment of sarcomasSurgical treatment of sarcomas
Particle therapy ?
Solution: