SurgerySurgery Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Patch the tire or rebuild the car? Michael J. Rosen...
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![Page 1: SurgerySurgery Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Patch the tire or rebuild the car? Michael J. Rosen MD, FACS Associate Professor of Surgery Chief, Division.](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649e315503460f94b22100/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction:
Patch the tire or rebuild the car?
Michael J. Rosen MD, FACSAssociate Professor of Surgery
Chief, Division of Gastrointestinal and General SurgeryDirector, Case Comprehensive Hernia Center
Case Medical CenterCleveland OH
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Take Home Message
• We do not have the ideal ventral hernia repair yet.
• Mesh has not been the ultimate solution to this problem.
• Tension free repair might not be appropriate for the abdominal wall
• Is the linea alba a tendon?
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Approaches to Tendon Repair
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Objectives of a ventral hernia repair• Prevent hernia contents from protruding through
hernia orifice• Provide durable repair with low recurrence rate• Perform the procedure safely with minimal patient
morbidity• Reduce postoperative wound complications and
mesh infections• Reconstruct a functional dynamic abdominal wall,
with medialization of the rectus muscles
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Technical Objectives of Ventral Hernia Repair
• Gain access to the re-operative abdomen• Perform adhesiolysis without enterotomy• Expose entire hernia defect• Repair defect
– Tissue based repair– Mesh based repair– Combination
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Primary Repair
• Unacceptably high recurrence
– Burger JWA, et al 63% Ann Surg 240:4, 2004
– Anthony T, et al 54% World J Surg 24:95, 2000
– van der Linden FT, et al 49% Neth J Surg 40:127, 1988
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Suture vs Mesh Repair
Luijendijk et al. (Netherlands), 2000
Prospective randomized trial181 patients: suture vs mesh repairPrimary hernia (154) or first recurrence (27)Midline incisional hernia < 6cmSingle defect--no previous mesh3-year follow-up (physical examination)
NEJM 2000;343:392-NEJM 2000;343:392-397397
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Suture vs Mesh Repair
Suture Repair97 patientsMean defect size (20 cm2)Running #1 Prolene suture
Mesh Repair84 patientsMean defect size (24 cm2)Polypropylene mesh
NEJM 2000;343:392-NEJM 2000;343:392-397397
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Suture vs Mesh RepairRecurrence Rates
Suture repair : 46%Mesh repair : 23%
Defects < 10 cm2: Suture repair : 44%Mesh repair : 6%
ComplicationsSuture: Wound dehiscence (1)Mesh: SBO (1), infection (3), bleeding (1)
p=0.005*
NEJM 2000;343:392-NEJM 2000;343:392-397397
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
We have not found the ideal solution to ventral hernia repair
• Prospective Randomized Trial
• Level 1 Evidence
• 6 cm defects
• 10 years
• Primary repair 62% Failure
• Mesh repair 32% Failure
Burger J. Ann Surg 240:4, 2004
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
I. LaPlace’s LawII. Pascal’s Principle
Laplace’s LawLaplace’s Law
T=PT=P(intraperitoneal)(intraperitoneal)**rr(raduis)(raduis)/2h/2h(wall thickness)(wall thickness)
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Is there a better way to create a functional abdominal wall using minimally invasive hernia repair
techniques?
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Objectives of Functional Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
• Medialization of the Rectus Muscle
• Durable repair
• Minimal wound morbidity
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Outcomes ComponentOutcomes Component SeparationSeparation
Author Year N Defect cm2 Comps Recurrence
Ramirez 1990 11 216 0% 0%
Dibello 1996 35 225 11% 9%
Girotto 1999 33 140 27% 6%
Lowe 2000 30 240 40% 10%
deVries 2003 43 234 35% 30%
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Component Separation
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Component SeparationComponent Separation
Ramirez OM, et al. PRS. 1990.Ramirez OM, et al. PRS. 1990.
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Periumbilical Perforator Sparing
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Periumbilical Perforator Sparing
Advantages
• Preserve main blood supply
• Similar advancement• Low tech• Easy to perform
Disadvantages
• Large dead space• communicates with
midline wound• seroma and abscess
rates may not change
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Minimally Invasive Component Minimally Invasive Component SeparationSeparation
• Access the lateral compartment directlyAccess the lateral compartment directly
• Avoids large subcutaneous flap dissectionAvoids large subcutaneous flap dissection
• Avoids division of abdominal wall Avoids division of abdominal wall
perforatorsperforators
• Decreases complexity of postoperative Decreases complexity of postoperative
wound infectionswound infections
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
avr
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery 2424
Rosen et al. Am J Surg 2007
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery 2525
Porcine ModelLaparoscopic versus Open CSM
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery 2626
Porcine ModelLaparoscopic versus Open CSM
LaparoscopicLaparoscopic OpenOpen % Release% Release
5.35.3 5.65.6 95953.13.1 4.14.1 76764.04.0 5.35.3 7575
6.86.8 7.27.2 94944.04.0 5.55.5 7373
6.06.0 6.56.5 92925.35.3 6.06.0 8888
4.04.0 4.44.4 91916.26.2 7.57.5 8383
4.74.7 5.35.3 8989
Total Total ReleaseRelease 86%86%
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgeryRosen MJ et al Oct 2007 Hernia
N=7N=7
Mean Defect Mean Defect 338 cm338 cm22
LOSLOS 5.4 days5.4 days
RecurrenceRecurrence 10%10%
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
•What is the next step?
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgeryavravr
Minimally invasive abdominal wall reconstruction
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Isolation of the External obliqueIsolation of the External oblique via balloon inflationvia balloon inflation
Balloon/ Instrument portBalloon/ Instrument port
avravr
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Cutting of the External Oblique
External obliqueExternal oblique
Insufflator / Insufflator / camera portcamera port
2 cm2 cm
Internal obliqueInternal oblique
Space created Space created by balloonby balloon
Instrument portInstrument port
avravr
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgeryavravr
Following cutting of the External Oblique on each sidethe bowel is freed of adhesions.
Instrument portInstrument port
Insufflator / Insufflator / camera portcamera port
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery avravr
A suture is passed through the A suture is passed through the right rectus.right rectus.
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
The suture is handed off and pulledThe suture is handed off and pulledto below the left rectus muscleto below the left rectus muscle
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery avravr
The suture is then pulled up throughThe suture is then pulled up throughthe left rectus muscle and out the samethe left rectus muscle and out the sameskin incision.skin incision.
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
The suture is tied forcing the rectusThe suture is tied forcing the rectusmuscles together.muscles together.
Vertebra
avravr
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Vertebra
avravr
The knot is pushed under the skin.The knot is pushed under the skin.
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Vertebra
avravr
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Vertebra
avravr
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Conclusions• There are many options for reconstructing the
abdominal wall.• The concept of bringing the rectus muscles
back together in most patients makes sense• Minimally invasive component separation is a
reasonable option and might be beneficial when used earlier in the treatment algorithm.
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SurgerySurgerySurgerySurgery
Conclusions• Everyone does NOT need a functional dynamic
abdominal wall– Obese– Elderly
• Some people do DESERVE a functional dynamic abdominal wall– Young– Thin– Active, Manual Labor