SURFACE HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING USING ARCGIS ......Authors: Dr. Khaula Alkaabi1...
Transcript of SURFACE HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING USING ARCGIS ......Authors: Dr. Khaula Alkaabi1...
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ObjectivesSouthern polar region of the Mars planet become an
interesting area for researchers after the recent
discovery of large water body in the Planum Australe
region [1]. The objective of this study is to investigate
the surface hydrology based on the drainage basins and
streamline features or rivers. MOLA DEMs were used
to delineate watershed using ArcGIS. Different tools
from ArcGIS were applied to understand the surface
hydrology of this red planet.
Methodology
References
Abstract
Fig. 1. Study area on
southern polar
region of Mars
(Australe Planum)
Fig. 3. Delineated watershed and stream lines
Fig. 2. Watershed delineation model in ArcGIS using model builder
Fig. 6. Radar evidence of 20 km wide liquid water body in the 200-
km study area [1]
Results
[1] Orosei, R., Lauro, S. E., Pettinelli, E.,
Cicchetti, A., Coradini, M., Cosciotti, B., …
Pajola, M. (2018). Radar evidence of
subglacial liquid water on Mars. Science,
361(6401), 490-493.
[2] Von Paris, P., Petau, A., Grenfell, J. L.,
Hauber, E., Breuer, D., Jaumann, R., …
Tirsch, D. (2015). Estimating precipitation on
early Mars using a radiative-convective
model of the atmosphere and comparison
with inferred runoff from geomorphology.
Planetary and Space Science, 105, 133–147.
SURFACE HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING USING
ARCGIS & HEC-RAS ON THE PLANUM AUSTRALE
REGION OF MARS
Authors: Dr. Khaula Alkaabi1 ([email protected]); Eng. Qasim Khan2
1 Geography & Urban Sustainability Department, United Arab Emirates University 2 Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University
Step B: Applying HEC-RAS model to the delineated watershed
A
B
Fit of HEC-RAS Model with ArcGIS Streamlines
Runoff Model using HEC-RAS
Drainage Network Streaml ines
using ArcGIS
Basins A and B in the Planum
Austra le Region
Fig. 4. Applying precipitation to model flow using HEC-RAS
10; 11; 12
Basins Divide
Drainage Network of Planum Australe Region, Mars
Stream Order
Step A: Delineation of watershed and streamlines from DEM
OBJECT
ID
DEM Elevation Fill Elevation
Elev. Difference
in Min due to
sink
Max DEM
Elevation
Min DEM
Elevation
Max Fill
Elevation
Min Fill
Elevation
1 3841 -828.75 3841 313.25 1142
2 4798 -1170 4798 819.25 1989.25
3 4768.75 -112.25 4768.75 950.25 1062.5
4 3308.75 -363.25 3308.75 1265 1628.25
5 3305.25 -1840.25 3305.25 534.25 2374.5
6 3113.75 -350.5 3113.75 825 1175.5
7 3708 -633.5 3708 929 1562.5
Table 1. Z-elevation of DEM before and after applying fill/sink function
The high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM),
derived from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA),
NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft (MGS)
and the High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC),
were used to characterise high land fluvial system
quantitatively and qualitatively.
ArcGIS was used to delineate surface drainage
basins, extract valley networks and derive basin
morphometric parameters such as drainage density
and stream order. Hydrologic mapping was extracted
using algorithmic extraction, in the Arc Geographical
Information System, of valley networks from the
DEMs to assess the hydrologic setting of the Planum
Australe. The applied algorithms ranged from the
hydrological tools, fill function, flow direction,
watershed function, and the flow accumulation.
Conclusion
Step C:
Fig. 7. Cross-section C-C’ upstream (see Fig. 5 for C-C’)
Step D:
This study presents the run-off modelling
and the cross-sectional profile originating
from 1.5 km below surface and 20 km
extending sideways liquid water body [1] in
the Planum Australe region.
Future research can examine and apply
different methodologies and approaches to
further investigate the surface hydrological
setting of the newly discovered liquid body
of water at the Planum Australe region and
its related ecosystem.
The topographic profile was generated across
the upstream (C-C’) and downstream (D-D’) of
the study area basins A and B (see Fig. 4). The
two depressions at upstream (Fig. 5) when
combined with the HEC-RAS flow model (Fig.
3) showed that the there were depression-like
continuous structure in both Basins A and B.
The 20 km wide liquid water body, underneath
1.5 km solid ice, was also discovered in the
same area [1].
Fig. 8. Cross-section D-D’ downstream (see Fig. 5 for D-D’)
Fig. 5. Geological map of Basins A and B of Planum Australe, Mars
Source: Map was retrieved from Tanaka et al., (2004).
The runoff model (Fig. 3) has a good fit with
the streamlines generated in ArcGIS (Fig. 4).
This approach of using HEC-RAS provided the
basis of surface flow. The runoff model showed
that the flow velocity was high at the basin A,
possibly due to high flow rate and steep slope
at the upstream. The velocity downstream of
basin B around the craters showed higher value
which indicated the topping of water over
crater boundary. The flooding can be seen
downstream at both the basins which was
largely due to the flat topography.
The red planet Mars, has been a focus for scientists
for decades. This study presents the surface
hydrology based on the drainage basins and
streamline features. The functions and logarithm of
ArcGIS were used to map the hydrological
component of this mysterious planet.
Ninth International
Conference on
MarsJuly 22-25, 2019