Surface Changes
description
Transcript of Surface Changes
Surface ChangesHoward Ignatius, “Delicate Arch, Arches National Park” May 1, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons attribution
Two Types of Changes
SlowoWeathering
oErosion
FastoVOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
oEARTHQUAKES
oLANDSLIDES
oTSUNAMIS
Weathering
Physical or mechanical weathering
Frost WedgingWater expands when it
freezes
Thermal expansionRocks break due to
temperature changes
Exfoliation or unloading
Rocks break into sheets form expansion of rock
Glenn Scofield Williams, “The Art of Exfoliation” July 7, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons AttributionSamantha McGregor, “Weathering” October 5, 2009Samantha McGregor, “weathered roads” October 5, 2009
Chemical Weathering
SolutionMinerals
dissolved into water
Karst Topography
Groundwater dissolving sedimentary rock (sinkholes, caves, springs)
Steve Barringer, “ Child Angel III-niño angel” March 24, 2009 via Flickr, Creative Commons NoDervs LicenseAndrew Stawerz, “Cheddar Caves-Mirror Pool” June 11, 2006 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
Oxidation
Andrea Schaffer, “Rust” March 10, 2007 via Flickr, creative commons Attribution
oxygen combined with iron-bearing minerals “rusting”
Biological WeatheringRoots of trees and other plants
Lichens, fungi, and other micro-organisms
Animals (including humans)
Waka Jawaka, ”Roots" August 23,2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons AttributionMike McCaffrey, “DSC N9622 Photographic Fungus” August 15, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
Erosion
Water ErosionRain and streams
Wind Erosion
Sand dunes and deserts
Smabs Sputzer, “Weir at Marple Dale” August 11, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution.Vyanchslav Argenberg,“Siq, Petra (2007-06-072)”September 6, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution.
Erosion Continued…
Ice ErosionGlaciers
( Great Lakes)
Wave ErosionCoasts
Ricardo Martins, “Perito Moreno Glacier” April 30, 2007 via Flickr, Creative Commons AttributionKyknoord, “Line in the Sand” October 6, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
Volcanic Eruptions
Blastso Mixture of ash, gas, and rocks
Hot lavao Covers ground, killing everything
India Amos, “Eruption of Mount Vesuvius” April 17, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
Volcanoes: Domino Effect
Can lead to
Earthquakes Can lead to landslides
Landslides Mixing debris with water
Tsunamis Dirt overflows streams
Clipart from PowerPoint
Earthquakes
When two plates (parts) of the Earth Slide against each other
Causes the Earth to shake
Clipart from PowerPoint
Landslides
Downward movement of
materials (rock and soil)
Topple: Large parts of rock
break off
Slide: large connected mass “slides” down a
slopeBarry Maynard,”Topple” December 2, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons AttributionBarry Maynard, “Slide” November 26, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
Landslides Continued
Debris avalanche• Rapid debris
flow
Mudflow• Wet material
flowing rapidly in a downward motion
Creep•Slow steady downward
movement of rock and soilBarry Maynard, “Debris Avalanche” December 2, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
Barry Maynard, “Creep” December 2, 2008 via Flickr, Creative Commons Attribution
Tsunamis
•Large waves from the ocean spread
over the coast and on to land
•Can be caused by:•Earthquakes
•Volcanoes
Clipart from PowerPoint
Write
1. Most interesting fact.
2. Something you’re curious about.
3. Favorite form of surface change.
Think About It…
The land changes constantly.
Many forms of natural changes.
Humans contribute too!-How do you think
we’re involved?Clipart from PowerPoint
CitationGore, Pamela J.W. "Weathering." Georgia Perimeter College. Georgia Perimeter College, 5 Feb. 2002. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. <http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~pgore/ geology/geo101/weather.htm>.
Impacts and Effects of Volcanoes. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. <http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes/effects.php>.
"Landslide Hazard Information-Causes, Pictures, Definition." Geology.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. <http://geology.com/usgs/landslides/#>.
"Tsunamis and Earthquakes Life of a Tsunami." USGS Science for a changing world. USGS, 22 Oct. 2008. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. <http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/ basics.html>.
Wald, Lisa. "The Science of Earthquakes." USGS. N.p., 25 June 2009. Web. 5 Oct. 2009. <http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/kids/eqscience.php>.