Supporting Safe, Sustainable Laboratories in the 21st Century · 3. Developing a Green Lab...
Transcript of Supporting Safe, Sustainable Laboratories in the 21st Century · 3. Developing a Green Lab...
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Supporting Safe, Sustainable Laboratories in the 21st Century
!Ralph Stuart, CIH, CCHOChemical Hygiene Officer
Keene State CollegeSecretary, ACS Division of Chemical Health and Safety
June, 2015
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Where I'm From
• B.S. in geology from Cornell College of Engineering in 1979 and spent two years as a lab tech in a soils lab at Cornell
• After three years as an industrial hygiene lab tech at UVM, I started the lab safety program there
• In 2011, I went back to Cornell to work on laboratory ventilation questions
• Now I'm at Keene State in New Hampshire, focusing on undergraduate lab safety education
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• CHED Symposium at 2014 SF National Meeting
• Chapter in CHED publication Teaching and Learning About Sustainability
• Includes some Cornell information, updated based on experiences at Keene State and discussions with engineers and architects
Whence This Talk
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From Nature.com [In the aftermath of the earthquake], the University of Tokyo… cut peak power usage by 30–40% by turning off lights and air-conditioning, shutting down extra lifts, and running energy-intensive experiments at night. Researchers at the university say that their low-energy lives are inconvenient, but largely manageable... "The electricity shortage made us realize that we can indeed save energy easily by 10%, but that 30% cuts will impact productivity in the longer term”, one said.
A Green Lab Moment
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The Three Legged Stool of Green Labs
Lab Practices!
Environmental Aspects (chemically and
socially)!
Theory!
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There are three potentially competing priorities for designing and operating laboratory facilities:
1. Science needs flexible spaces
2. Safety requires ongoing control of workplace hazards
3. Sustainability, both environmental and financial, requires energy and materials conservation
This adds up to a complex system which needs to be resilient in the face of ongoing changes.
Supporting the Laboratory Mission: Safe, Sustainable Science
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1. The Carbon Footprint of Laboratories
2. Right-Sizing Lab Facilties through Better Risk Assessment
3. Developing a Green Laboratory Community
Three Key Sustainability Issues for 21st Century Laboratories
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1. The Carbon Footprint of Laboratories
• Ventilation is the largest user of energy in labs; one fume hood is the equivalent of 3 households, but general ventilation is an important driver as well.
• Cold storage of samples is the second largest use of energy; one minus-80 freezer is the equivalent of a household's worth of energy.
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The Energy Impact of Lab Ventilation
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The modern lab ventilation system operates at three scales: • Micro: Fume Hoods and Chemical
Storage Cabinets • Meso: General Laboratory
Ventilation delivers and removes air to and from spaces occupied by humans
• Macro: Room pressurization managed by building design and control systems
These systems are coordinated by complex systems installed at construction and/or renovation.
Modern Lab Ventilation System
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The Design Process presents a basic choice:
• Fast • Cheap • Good (flexible, safe and sustainable)
Pick two of three. Operating a modern lab building efficiently requires Continuous Commissioning, involving a partnership of facilities, EHS and the occupants.
21st Century Laboratory Buildings Require Ongoing Management
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Financing Considerations
Awarene
ss
Load
Mana
gemen
t
Rate Analys
is
Energy
Aud
its
Meters
Commission
ing
/Tune-U
ps
Lightin
g Retr
ofits
Buildin
g Env
elop
EMCSRene
wables
Chiller/B
oiler
Replace
ment
No Cost Low Cost Expensive
O&M Improvements
Equipment Replacement
Investment Requirements
The Energy Management Continuum
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• A living Climate Action Plan • Institutional Design
Standards that include operating cost considerations
The plea from the lab design community: "Tell us what you do, not what you need"
• A fume hood hibernation program, facilitated by a partnership between lab occupants, EHS and facility managers
Institutional Options to Address This Trend
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2. Right Sizing Labs and Risk Assessment
• Starting in 2011, the Chemical Safety Board and National Academy of Sciences identified concerns with academic lab safety.
• CSB recommendation to ACS: Develop good practice guidance that identifies and describes methodologies to assess and control hazards; delivered this month (2015).
• Why this gap?
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The Chemical Process Model
purging! addition!
addition!
dinitrogen!
pivaloyl!chloride!
tert-butyl!alcohol!
stirring and heating!
STARTING MATERIALS!
addition with stirring!
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid!
flask!
cooling!
heating mantle!
ice bath!
precipitation!
washing!
diethyl ether!
diethyl ether!
drying!
filter!
air!
PRODUCT!
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The Chemical Protection Paradigm is a Interactive System, not a Formula
Adjust the Chemistry to Minimize the Hazards!
Engineering Controls!
Training and
Oversight!
Personal Protective Equipment!
Emergency Planning
and Response!
1. Adjust the Chemistry
2. Engineering Controls (ventilation)
3. Administration: Training and Oversight
4. Personal Protective Equipment
5. Emergency Planning and Response
Managing safety by focusing on a single control requires over-engineering that control
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The Good News: Emerging Tools for Lab Risk Assessment • The RAMP paradigm from Hill and Finster (2010)
• Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (effective in the US in 2013)
• Identification and Evaluation of Chemical Hazards in Research Laboratories (2015)
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8/4 ACH
6/3 ACH
Better Risk Assessment Tools Allow More Sustainable Control Strategies
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Green Labs!
Energy Use!
Waste Management!
Water and waste water
conservation!
Community Development!
3. Developing a Green Lab Community
• Both safety and sustainability improve from community awareness and sharing of Lessons Learned
• The Campus Sustainability community has developed a rating system called of AASHE STARS.
• It has a limited content specific to lab issues, but provides the structure for organizing a Green Lab Program.
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Green Lab Stakeholders
• A complete Green Labs stakeholder network will include: • Laboratory scientists and support
staff• Facility operators • EHS staff• Sustainability staff • Laboratory and institutional
administration• Design architects and engineers
But you have to start where you are…
The CU-Boulder’s Green Labs Program uses a team approach without compromising research
integrity or safety. !
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The Green Lab Community is International as well as Local
A variety of campuses have developed Green Lab support programs. The specific environmental aspects covered and outreach style depend on local conditions.• Technical expertise helpful
but not required. • Charisma helpful but not
required.
• A willingness to explore is required.
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Summary
• Labs are responsible for a significant portion of a campus's environmental footprint
• Balanced management of lab ventilation to address both safety and sustainability is necessary to address this
• Balancing safety and sustainability is becoming easier as lab-scale risk assessment tools develop
• Addressing this concern in a sustainable way is a community awareness issue
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Questions?