Support for setting up a Smart Readiness Indicator for

buildings and related impact assessment -

Catalogue of Smart Ready Services

Technical Working Document for Stakeholder Feedback VITO: Stijn Verbeke, Yixiao Ma, Sarah Bogaert, Paul Van Tichelen OFFIS: Mathias Uslar Study accomplished under the authority of the European Commission DG Energy 2017/SEB/R/1610684 12/06/2017

All rights, amongst which the copyright, on the materials described in this document rest with the Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV (“VITO”), Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol, Register of Legal Entities VAT BE 0244.195.916. The information provided in this document is confidential information of VITO. This document may not be reproduced or brought into circulation without the prior written consent of VITO. Without prior permission in writing from VITO this document may not be used, in whole or in part, for the lodging of claims, for conducting proceedings, for publicity and/or for the benefit or acquisition in a more general sense. This study was ordered and paid for by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy, Contract no. ENER/C3/2016-554/SI2.749248. The information and views set out in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein.

I

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents ________________________________________________________________ II

List of Acronyms _________________________________________________________________ III

Executive Summary ______________________________________________________________ IV

Definition and scope of Smart Ready Services _________________________________________ 5

Background for this study 5

Scope of services 7

Method for creating the services overview 8

Domains covered for the service catalogue 8

Resulting structure of the smart ready catalogue 10

Relevant standardisation initiatives at EU level _______________________________________ 12

Further actions building on the SRS catalogue ________________________________________ 14

Smart ready services catalogue as input for SRI indicator 14

Impact analysis 15

Request for Stakeholder feedback _________________________________________________ 17

ANNEX A – GLOSSARY ___________________________________________________________ 20

ANNEX B – STANDARDISATION RELATED TO SMART BUILDINGS _________________________ 23

B.1. Mandate (M/480) and the Construction Products Regulation (CPR) ________________ 23 B.2. Interaction with the electrical grid and the Smart Grid Standardization Mandate (M/490) _________________________________________________________________________ 23 B.3. Interaction with Ecodesign product regulation and standardisation mandate (M/495) _ 24 B.4. Background information on european and international standardization bodies ______ 24 B.5. A selection of the most relevant standards for SRI ______________________________ 25

III

LIST OF ACRONYMS

EC European Commission EU European Union EPBD Energy Performance of Buildings Directive ICT Information and Communication Technologies SR Smart Ready SRI Smart Readiness Indicator SRS Smart Ready Services SRT Smart Ready Technologies RES Renewable Energy Sources TBS Technical Building Systems BACS Building Automation and Control Systems DER Distributed Energy Resources TES Thermal Energy Storage TBM Technical Building Management RER Renewable Energy Ratio EN European Standard

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This document provides a short introduction to the structured mapping of smart ready services within the scope of the first task of the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) study. It should act as a reference for reading the catalogue of smart ready services which is distributed together with this document. Furthermore, it provides the interested reader with references to the main standards currently considered in the scope of the project. In this document, the concepts of smart ready services and sub-services are introduced, as well as the definition of ‘smartness’ used within the context of the study. In addition, the structure of the service list (Excel file that can be uploaded from the project website https://smartreadinessindicator.eu/milestones-and-documents) is explained, helping the reader to understand the different levels of functionalities which are subject to this study. The service list covers ten different functional areas (domains), and each of the services is allocated to a main domain. Some of the services can have a hierarchical dependence on underlying sub-services. The extent to which a smart ready service is provided in a particular building can vary in complexity, for which the concept of functionality levels is introduced. Stakeholders are invited to comment on the current Excel version of the smart ready services catalogue and list of normative references. In a next step, the catalogue will be further expanded and services will be ranked based on quantitative and qualitative aspects, to substantiate their importance for an overall smart readiness indicator.

DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF SMART READY SERVICES 1

BACKGROUND FOR THIS STUDY 2

Smart technologies in buildings have the potential to contribute to increasing the energy efficiency 3 of the building stock, to enhancing flexibility in smart energy grids, and to enhancing comfort of 4 building occupants. In order to increase the visibility and uptake of smart technologies in the 5 European building stock, the introduction of a Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings is 6 advocated in the proposal for amending the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD). This 7 indicator would allow to assess the level of smartness of a given building in a reliable and 8 meaningful way for building owners, tenants and users. 9 10 A technical study was launched in March 2017 in order to further investigate the scope, definition 11 and calculation of this SRI, also aiming at a more detailed assessment of its potential impacts. The 12 objective is to provide technical support to the Directorate-General for Energy of the European 13 Commission in order to feed the negotiations and decision process on the potential introduction of 14 the indicator. 15 16 This technical document provides a brief introduction for the reader in order to understand the so 17 called services catalogue defined in the Task 1 of the overall project. One aspect of this task is to 18 get feedback on the initial services identified by the study team, and to retrieve data on their 19 occurrence, costs, benefits and boundary conditions for integration into a building. The services 20 presented provide the building blocks for later stages of the project where the actual calculation 21 methodology of the indicator will be defined. 22 23 The organization of this document is as follows. Based on the work done in task 1, the next section 24 will focus on basic definitions which will be essential to understand the structure of the services 25 and why they were chosen by the project team. The focus is on the aspects of smart services and 26 smart technologies. Afterwards the context of decision taken by the experts is presented, as well as 27 the scope of services currently considered relevant for a potential SRI. The process of how the 28 service list was created is shown next. The domains covered by the services are described in the 29 next section of this document in the context why they were chosen. Further, the resulting structure 30 for the catalogue is presented and help is provided for reading and assessing the information 31 included in the catalogue. 32

33

Figure 1- Overview of the project with a focus on the content of the service catalogue 34

In order to properly process to create the indicator, the expert team has to define the main terms 35 for the study as working definitions to carry out the work. For this service list catalogue, the 36 following definitions for smart ready service and smart ready technology are given. 37 38 Definition Smart Ready Service 39 40 Smart ready services make use of Smart ready technologies to satisfy a need or to fulfil a demand 41 from the user (occupant/owner) of a building. 42 43 Definition Smart Ready Technologies 44 45 The Smart ready technologies are the foundation for the services to be implemented on. Services 46 and sub-services use those technologies like e.g. bus systems, communication protocols or building 47 automation systems. Regarding the term smart, we consider certain capabilities as smart – focusing 48 on optimization, interaction with occupants and being interoperable and adaptive. 49 50 The term “ready” indicates that the option to take action exists, but is not necessarily realized, e.g. 51 due to cost constraints, legal or market restrictions. 52 53 Definition Technical Building System 54 55 In the EPBD under Article 2(3), a ‘technical building system’ is defined as a technical equipment for 56 the heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water, lighting or for a combination thereof, of a building or 57 building unit. In the proposal for amendment, this definition is extended to building automation 58 and control, on-site electricity generation and on-site infrastructure for electro-mobility. 59 In the context of this study, the proposed broader definition will be used. 60

SCOPE OF SERVICES 61

In recent years, building related ICT systems have made significant progress, and they are expected 62 to play a major enabling role in increasing the energy efficiency of the building stock in the future. 63 These smart ready technologies referenced in this study are considered to be active components 64 which could potentially: 65

raise energy efficiency and comfort by increasing the level of controllability of the technical 66 building systems – either by the occupant or a building manager or via a fully automated 67 building control system; 68

facilitate the energy management and maintenance of the building including via 69 automated fault detection; 70

automate the reporting of the energy performance of buildings and their TBS (automated 71 and real time inspections); 72

use advanced methods such as data analytics, self-learning control systems and model 73 predictive control to optimise building operations; 74

enable buildings including their TBS, appliances, storage systems and energy generators, to 75 become active operators in a demand response setting. 76

77 As regards the scope of the smartness indicator, the focus is on energy and efficiency related 78 impacts of smart services. Other types of impacts of smart technologies on building users (e.g. in 79 terms of comfort, well-being) should also be considered. The process for defining and refining the 80 indicator is an iterative one – it is expected that the scope might evolve to include additional 81 aspects. In any case, the following three capabilities for smartness of a service will be addressed: 82 83

Capability for interaction with occupants 84 In order to provide insights, control and feedback to the occupant 85

And/or 86

Capability for optimized operation and maintenance 87 … within boundaries for health and comfort 88

And/or 89

Capability for demand response and interoperability 90 In order to participate in a demand-response scheme, and communicate this 91

92 In order to consider a building smart, it is not only important to identify the services which cover 93 these capabilities, but it is also essential that some pre-conditions or boundary conditions to these 94 capabilities are fulfilled. More specifically in this context, conditions should be set and fulfilled for 95 health (e.g. indoor air quality) and comfort (e.g. thermal comfort) parameters as a prerequisite for 96 the smartness indicator to be valid. In this sense, the boundary conditions are part of the indicator, 97 even if they are not part of the specific formula of smart ready services. As an example, health of 98 the occupant is of high importance and should be addressed, but some related services (e.g. 99 providing health monitoring of occupants or telemedicine services) might be difficult to 100 characterize and assess from the SRI's perspective. 101

The following table contains examples of services in scope and out of scope of the current project 102 definition. 103 104

105

Table 1: Examples for services in scope and out of scope of this project 106

METHOD FOR CREATING THE SERVICES OVERVIEW 107

One of the main results from task 1, is a list of SR services which can in a next phase of the project 108 be considered for their applicability to be part of the SRI assessment methodology. This list is 109 composed based on desk research and interviews, taking into account knowledge from 110

Standardization roadmaps and knowledge of standardization experts 111

Leading technical standards 112

Technology reports 113

Accepted state-of-the-art literature 114 115 The current version of this list is distributed alongside this very document to relevant stakeholders. 116 The Smart Ready Services (SRS) presented take into account the state-of-the-art, the context for 117 this study and focus on prominent and relevant domains to a building. Each of the services is 118 defined in a technology-neutral way, to enable an impartial assessment and guard the future-119 proofness of the SRI in the light of an ever evolving market of communication and building 120 technologies. As an example, instead of referencing the technology ‘room thermostat’, the service 121 delivered to a building is defined as ‘Room temperature control’. 122

DOMAINS COVERED FOR THE SERVICE CATALOGUE 123

A first task of the study consists of mapping a broad range of SR services delivered to the building 124 user. These services are enabled by (a combination of) smart ready technologies, but are defined in 125 a technology neutral way, e.g. ‘provide temperature control in a room’. Based on desk research 126

including an analysis of standards (e.g. EN 152321), industry roadmaps, existing initiatives and 127 studies, a first catalogue of smart services has been composed along the following domains2: 128 Heating, Cooling, Domestic Hot Water, Mechanical Ventilation, Lighting, Dynamic Building 129 Envelope, On-site Renewable Energy Generation, Demand Side Management, Electric Vehicle 130 Charging, and Monitoring and Control. 131 132 Heating: For heating, TBS providing services for heat control were examined, focusing on the 133 aspects of storage, generation, distribution and emission of heat. 134 135 Domestic hot water: For domestic water, services dealing with the efficiency of the distribution of 136 water in a building as well as generating and storing the energy for heating were taken into 137 account. 138 139 Cooling: The services in focus deal with the thermal storage, emission control systems, generators 140 and energy consumption. 141 142 Mechanical ventilation: The service subsumed in this domain cover service for air flow control as 143 well as air temperature control. 144 145 Lighting: The services already identified here have a focus on both artificial as well and natural light 146 control for the occupant in the building. 147 148 Dynamic building envelope: The services form this domain focus on the control of the windows 149 and their corresponding blinds in the TBS context. 150 151 Energy generation: The services here deal with a strong focus on the energy generated by DER in 152 the building and a possible local use as well as providing flexibility to the grid 153 154 Demand side management: The services covered focus on the control of local systems which can 155 act as flexibilities to the consumption of the building and the impact on the connected (power) 156 grid infrastructure. They are typically influenced by the occupant. 157 158 Electric vehicle charging: This domain covers mainly future technical services provided by the 159 building to electric vehicles utilizing a charging pole. Charging the vehicle and a possible feed-in to 160 the grid or storage options are emerging services. 161 162 Monitoring and control: Those services mainly focus on various sensor data which can be provided 163 by the TBS in the building and are used in the context of more aggregated services for decision 164 taking in the smart services context. 165 166 167 168 169

1 EN 15232 is the standard ‘Energy performance of buildings - Impact of Building Automation, Controls and

Building Management’ 2 This list is the starting point and could evolve in the next steps of the study, in particular in relation to the

feedback from the stakeholders.

RESULTING STRUCTURE OF THE SMART READY CATALOGUE 170

The SR services have been put into a comprehensible structure in order to deal with the complexity 171 arising from the scope of the domains covered. Figure 2 provides an excerpt from the catalogue, in 172 which the principles of the structure are reflected. 173 174

175

Figure 2: Excerpt from structure of the service list 176

177 Some of the services will depend on other services, e.g. in order to provide the service of 178 controlling the heat emission from the technical heating system to a room, information on the 179 temperature this room must be provided. The service of ‘room temperature control’ is thus a sub-180 service to the more aggregated service of controlling the heat demand. For some services 181 additional steps down in the hierarchy of services can be envisioned. 182 183 Each of the SR services can be delivered to a building and its owners in various ways. Services can 184 either be implemented providing very basic functionality or can be ‘smarter’ by have more 185 attributes, sensor data, feedback to occupants, interactions with other systems, etc. The concept of 186 ‘functionality levels’ is introduced to rate the smartness of the implementation of a service. A few 187 examples are provided to illustrate this concept: 188

Service ‘Window opening control’ 189 o Functionality level 0 represents a basic implementation with no smart features, e.g. 190

manually openable windows; 191 o Functionality level 1 represents a limited amount of ‘smartness’ by having “manual 192

control of motorized windows”; 193 o The most advanced functionality level could consist of a centralized optimized 194

coordination of automatically controllable windows in the whole building, taking 195 into account environmental parameters. 196

Service ‘Storage of locally generated energy’ 197 o Functionality level 0: no storage; 198 o Functionality level 1: small scale storage (batteries, TES-thermal energy storage,…); 199

o Functionality level 2: Storage which can supply self-consumption for a given 200 duration (e.g. > 3 hours); 201

o Functionality level 3: Dynamically operated storage which can also feed back into 202 the grid based on external (price) signals. 203

RELEVANT STANDARDISATION INITIATIVES AT EU LEVEL 204

Standards can contribute to the development of an SRI by assisting in identifying or quantifying 205 functionalities and services in a fast and harmonized way. In this section an overview of the current 206 most relevant standardisation activities related to smart ready technologies are described, focusing 207 on activities at EU level (and interactions with international level). More general background 208 information on Standards is given in Annex B. 209 210 For the concept of interoperability as defined in this study, communication protocols ensure the so 211 called technical interoperability and are the technical foundation for services to be implemented 212 and exchanging data. Various protocols have different attributes which have an impact on the 213 quality of a service. Band-width, latency, security, encryption, communication paradigms, energy 214 consumption differ. Within this study, certain services have certain preconditions which have to be 215 met by the underlying communication protocols. This aspect will be taken into account when 216 assessing the degree of smartness of a service as well as assessing the basic infrastructure services 217 provided by a building (e.g. communication links by home buses or fieldbus systems). 218 219 The following standards are considered most relevant to this SRI study (more information is in 220 Annex B): 221

EN 15232 is the standard ‘Energy performance of buildings - Impact of Building 222 Automation, Controls and Building Management’ (module M10) 223 This standard is the overarching standard that models the impact of Building Automation 224 and Controls Systems (BACS) on the energy consumption of the building. It is used within 225 EPBD and contains a structured list of BACS and Technical Building Management (TBM) 226 functions. It can help identifying relevant BACS functions for the SRI indicator. 227

prEN 16947 Building Management System - Module M10-12 228 This is a new European Standard to address the TBM/BMS functions and is complementary 229 to EN 15232. This new standard covers several functions of the application of the Building 230 management system. Each function is represented by at least one calculation method. 231 Compared to EN 15232, it contains more in depth information on the TBM. During the 232 development of the SRI, it will become clear whether or not this level of depth is relevant. 233

prEN 15603:2015 Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment – Part 1: 234 General framework and procedures 235 The standard defines system boundaries (the concept of perimeters and assessment 236 boundary, zoning, ..) and amongst others also defines a Renewable Energy Ratio (RER). For 237 SRI it might be useful to consider RER; another option is to consider other building aspects 238 such as calculated final energy consumption in kWh/m² within the context of EPBD. 239

IEC 60364-8-1 ED2 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 8-1: Energy efficiency 240 This standard introduces requirements and advices for the design or refurbishing of an 241 electrical installation with regards to electrical energy efficiency. It proposes a number of 242 electrical energy efficiency measures in all low voltage electrical installations as given in the 243 scope of IEC 60364 from the origin of the installation including power supply, up to and 244 including current-using-equipment. It can be important in the framework of SRI 245 development to judge whether or not an electrical installation is future proof and efficient 246 (e.g. are power cables available to charge EVs with low cable losses). 247

IEC 60364-8-2 ED2 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 8-2: Smart Low-Voltage 248 Electrical Installations 249 This standard is still under development. Note that a standard defining how electrical 250 installation requirements should be conceived to be future proof, without infrastructure 251 lock-in effects, can be useful for an SRI and it needs to be clarified whether these aspects 252 are addressed within this standard. This standard could be useful to define when a building 253 is ‘ready without significant infrastructure lock in effects’ (however to be confirmed when 254 the standard becomes available). 255

IEC TS 62898-1:2017 on “Microgrids - Part 1: Guidelines for microgrid projects planning and 256 specification” 257 This standard is still under development. It will contain for example electrical installation 258 requirements that are necessary to integrate renewables, e.g. photovoltaic needs 259 particular cabling and protection devices. Having an electrical installation capable of 260 integrating renewables can be an important criterion for SRI, e.g. photovoltaic installation 261 puts extra requirements on protection systems in electrical installations. 262

EN ISO 16484 is a series of 5 standards related to Building Automation and Control Systems 263 (BACS) 264 This is an open standard regarding BACS which is also known as the BACnet3. It is mainly 265 used in large buildings; smaller residential systems are more often proprietary systems. 266 Depending on the scope and the level of depth, it should be judged whether or not it is 267 relevant. It could provide useful BACS definitions and more in depth technical information 268 compared to EN 15232. 269

EN 12098 (parts 1, 3, 5) prepared under CEN/TC247/WG6 committee describe ability of 270 devices and integrated functions to control heating systems. 271 Compared to EN 15232 it contains more in depth information on heating control systems 272 and potential technical requirements for SRI. It might however be too detailed for the 273 purpose of this study. 274

CEN/TS 15810 (Technical Specification) specifies graphical symbols for use on integrated 275 building automation equipment. 276 This standard can be a tool in auditing an SRI, to assist in identifying the available 277 functionalities of the BACS within existing installations. 278

prEN-50631-x series standardisation prepared under CENELEC TC 59X focuses on 279 Household appliances network and grid connectivity. This standard is still under 280 development. The focus of the standard is on smart capabilities for interoperability with 281 Smart Grids. This standard could be useful to define whether a building is ‘operational 282 ready’ for smart grids, meaning that all protocols for smart grids are defined in an open EN 283 standard. Note that apart from being ‘operational ready’, one can also be ‘ready without 284 significant infrastructure lock-in effects’, e.g. whether the necessary cabling is available. It 285 is probable that this standard is currently not useful for SRI because it is still in a draft stage 286 and could be software implemented later on. It is considered more important that the 287 necessary building infrastructure for becoming smart is available, cfr. IEC 60364-8-2 ED2. 288

289 290 291 292 293

3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BACnet

FURTHER ACTIONS BUILDING ON THE SRS CATALOGUE 294

SMART READY SERVICES CATALOGUE AS INPUT FOR SRI INDICATOR 295

The process to develop a SRI will need to balance the desire to capture the smart readiness services 296 of interest with the ability for independent assessment. Given the plethora of SRI services that 297 could potentially be included in an SRI assessment4, yet the limited resources available to make 298 such assessments, it is expected that some kind of prioritisation process will be required to 299 establish what smart readiness services must be included as opposed to those that may be optional 300 to include. This implies ranking the SRS in order of importance and viability to make a selection on 301 which services need to be part of the SRI calculation methodology. Furthermore the appropriate 302 level in the hierarchy of services, and subservices needs to be selected. The manner in which such 303 a ranking could be developed needs to be informed by evidence regarding the expected impacts 304 (benefits) that the SRS would bring but also about their feasibility and viability (in terms of time and 305 costs) to assess. The assessment of benefits is to be done using simulation (see Figure 3) while the 306 same project activity will also assess costs associated with each SRS. The assessment of the 307 feasibility and cost of assessment of SRS will be managed by the compilation of evidence about 308 what is required to do such assessments and their technical feasibility, either distinguished at the 309 individual service level, or grouped more collectively. 310

4 Note that assessing the control of technical building systems within EN15232 requires more than 50 fields

to be assessed.

311

Figure 3: process of simulating the benefits from SR functions 312

IMPACT ANALYSIS 313

The impact assessment will be a significant focus of the study. It will cover the saving potential 314 for SRT in (primary) energy and CO2 emissions besides other relevant aspects such as 315 economics, health and life cycle aspects for the time slices 2020, 2030 and 2050 (See Figure 4). The 316 EU saving potential will be simulated for different scenarios, based on a set of reference buildings. 317 The potential impacts of possible supporting measures and policy actions will also be analysed, 318 with respect to the support to the deployment of SRT and related savings. The calculation of the 319 potential effects will be “calibrated” top down with the experience of evaluation projects like 320 the supporting study for setting up an observatory of the building stock and related key policies5. 321 322 In order to ensure a maximum reliability and coverage a multi-fold approach will be used for data-323 collection, combining data from existing studies publications and as well as data received from 324 the stakeholder consultations to increase the data pool. 325 326

5 ENER/C3/2014-543 ‘Support for setting up an observatory of the building stock and related key policies’,

https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/funding/funding-and-support-programmes/support-setting-observatory-building-stock-and-related-key (accessed May, 2017)

327

Figure 4: Schematic Diagram for Scenario Calculation 328

REQUEST FOR STAKEHOLDER FEEDBACK 329

Throughout the work, the consortium partners will consult stakeholders. The feedback received 330 will inform the analysis and help building awareness and consensus on the SRI and its calculation 331 methodology. This technical background document and the accompanying spreadsheet are part of 332 this consultation process. They are presented to the stakeholder community to foster a better 333 understanding of the ongoing project, and to collect feedback on the methodology and the current 334 outcomes. 335 336 It should be noted that the current version of the catalogue already contains an aggregation of 337 some of the SR services. The SR services are displayed on the level of services and subservices, 338 whereas branches deeper down in the hierarchy are not presented for the sake of clarity. Given the 339 constraints on time and expertise needed for carrying out an SRI assessment, it is currently not 340 expected that the underlying services in the hierarchy will explicitly be modelled in the SRI 341 assessment. 342 343

Stakeholders are invited to provide their feedback by means of the feedback template that is available on the project website https://smartreadinessindicator.eu/milestones-and-documents. More specifically, comments are welcomed:

on the questions indicated below (and repeated in the feedback template on the project website – tab 1)

on the list of Smart Ready Services (integrated in the feedback template on the project website – tab 2)

on this technical working document (feedback template on the project website – tab 3)

344 Question 1: 345 In the context of this study, the main focus will be on technologies which enhance the building’s 346 operation in accordance with the user’s needs and energy efficiency. In that sense, the Smart 347 Readiness Indicator will refer to one or more of the following ‘readiness’ criteria: 348

Readiness to adapt in response to the needs of the occupant and to empower building 349 occupants by taking direct control of their energy consumption and/or generation; 350

Readiness to facilitate maintenance and efficient operation of the building in a more 351 automated and controlled manner; 352

Readiness to adapt in response to the needs/situation of the energy grid. 353 354 Do you agree that at least one of these criteria needs to be fulfilled before one can speak about 355 Smart Ready Technologies in the context of SRI? 356

Yes, at least one of these criteria should be fulfilled 357

No, other important criteria (e.g. not related to energy efficiency) are missing) 358 359 Question 2: 360 How to define the smart readiness of a building: based on its smartness potential or realization of 361 the smartness capabilities? 362

Based on the smartness potential (a building can be called ‘smart ready’ even if the 363 potential is not realized by the building user) 364

Based on the realization of the smartness capabilities (only if the building is actually being 365 used in a smart way a building can be called ‘smart ready’) 366

367 Question 3: 368 Should there be a separate SRI indicator for residential buildings and a SRI indicator for non-369 residential buildings? 370

Yes 371

No 372 373 Question 4: 374 If yes, what kind of buildings should have more priority in the SRI? 375

No, only one SRI indicator is recommended for both residential and non-residential 376 buildings 377

Yes, a SRI indicator for residential buildings should have priority 378

Yes, a SRI indicator for non-residential (office) buildings should have priority 379 380 Question 5: 381 Should there be a separate SRI indicator for new buildings and a SRI indicator for existing buildings? 382

No, there should be no distinction between new and existing buildings 383

Yes, a distinction should be made between new and existing buildings, both for 384 residential and non-residential buildings 385

Yes, a distinction should be made between new and existing buildings, but only for 386 residential buildings 387

Yes, a distinction should be made between new and existing buildings, but only for non-388 residential buildings 389

390 Question 6: 391 What level of information should be contained in a SRI? 392

Information understandable by the general public 393

Technical information for industry specialists, e.g. utility grid operators, equipment 394 installers,… 395

Both of the above 396 397 Question 7: 398 At what occasion should a SRI assessment be issued? (multiple choices can be selected) 399

When a building is put on sale market 400

When a building is put on rental market 401

At the moment of a sales transaction 402

At the moment of rental transaction 403

As part of the procurement of a newly constructed or thoroughly renovated building 404

At any time on a voluntary basis 405 406

Question 8: 407 How to deal with emerging technologies in the context of fast evolving technological development? 408

SRI methodology should be regularly updated, e.g. every 10 years 409

SRI methodology should be regularly updated, e.g. every 5 years 410

Regularly updated (e.g. yearly) with clear indication when the label was issued 411

Other suggestions: …. 412 413 414

Question 9: 415 What services/functions should be grouped for assessment of a smartness indicator e.g. energy 416 performance of the building, energy performance from the building’s interaction with the grid, 417 electro-mobility, comfort & convenience, IEQ, safety & security, interoperability, IOT etc.? Given 418 the conflict between comprehensiveness and feasibility/cost of the assessment, how should the 419 trade-offs be managed? 420

421 Question 10: 422 What balance should be struck between simplicity, which might imply a single aggregate indicator, 423 and salience or pertinence – which might imply an indicator for each SRI impact parameter? 424 425 Question 11: 426 Should there be a difference in the way the indicator is assessed, depending on the type of 427 building? 428

Yes, a more in-depth assessment is recommended for the type of buildings with priority 429

No 430 431 Question 12: 432 What could be the profile and expertise of people in charge of assessing the SRI of a building? 433 434 Question 13: 435 How much time should it take to assess the SRI for a given building/at what cost? What 436 recommendations should we consider related to the means to, and level of effort involved in, 437 assessing SRI? 438 439 Question 14: 440 Can standards be useful in SRI? If yes, how should they be integrated? 441

ANNEX A – GLOSSARY 442

Attribute: A attribute of a service is typically a piece a data which may have various different 443 values. A simple switch is either turned on or off, some switches may as well have different discrete 444 values which have more than two levels. 445 Characteristic is related to the behavior of a system. A characteristic of a system is the emerging 446 behavior of a system based on the given input and configured rules or physics. 447 448 Building-user is defined as a person acting as a stakeholder to the building in its complexity and 449 functions and services provided. A building user might act with different roles, being e.g. the owner 450 of the building or the occupant. The building user is the prime subject to interact with the services 451 provided by the building, therefore, his or her viewpoints are of highest interest to assessing the 452 perceived smartness of technologies in the building and, of course, the overall perceived smartness 453 of the building. 454 455 (Service) Catalogue: A service catalog (or catalogue), is an organized and curated collection of any 456 and all business and information technology related services that can be performed by, for, or 457 within a given domain subject to the service modeling. Service catalogs act as knowledge 458 management tools using a taxonomy for the employees and consultants of typically an enterprise, 459 allowing them to route their requests for and about services and services related topics to the 460 subject matter experts who own, are accountable for, and operate them. Each service within such 461 service catalogues is usually very repeatable and has controlled inputs, processes, and outputs. 462 463 Analogous to this general definitions from systems engineering, we define a smart service 464 catalogue for a building technology as the overview of the services provided by the smart building, 465 abstracting from functions and enabling technologies. 466 467 Domain: Within this project, the domains are individual high-level viewpoints taken for modeling 468 key aspects of a building. We call domains the high-level views for functions a building has. Climate, 469 heating, lighting, DSM, DER etc, provide a wording for high-level views of services which are 470 provided by the very building. 471 472 End-user is defined as a building user who always interacts directly with the services provided by 473 the building, being the very trigger to the services behavior. 474 475 Readiness: We coin the term readiness in order to show that the assessed aspects of the building 476 have to be seen as mere potentials for smart behavior, if the systems are not configured or the 477 services invoked, the envisioned potential savings are not realized. The use of the technologies is 478 up to the owners/tenants/occupants and must be invoked. 479 480 Smartness: In the project we coin the term smartness in order to distinguish between passive 481 aspects of the building which create energy-efficiency profits and active behavior of either the 482 occupants utilizing the building or the (intelligent) building itself. Smartness is only assigned to the 483 active behavior. 484 485

Smart technologies are basic, active components in the context of building technologies which 486 contribute to either efficiency, convenience or higher level smart services. Passive technologies are 487 not considered smart in this context (e.g. insulation). 488 489 As an example, a fieldbus or bus system in a house would be an enabler technology, providing itself 490 only infrastructure provision to the higher level operations. In addition, the broadband connection 491 to a household itself is an enabler to let the building communicate with other buildings in order to, 492 e.g. create a swarm or sensor community. It is no smart technology but the enabler so exchange 493 smart sensor data or get environment information for certain services (e.g. energy pricing, weather 494 conditions). 495 496 Service: a service typically is a function or an aggregation of functions delivered by one or more 497 technical components or systems. Services are invoked in order to serve a (business) purpose of a 498 stakeholder and can range from simple (so called micro services) to complex. 499 500 An example would be the following: Using an application, e.g. on your mobile, you invoke the 501 activation of a wireless protocol-based controlled light-bulb as a comfort function. This is either a 502 micro service or a single function. In order to activate one or more light bulbs when arriving at 503 home, you can use your mobile in order to get the perimeter trigger of e.g. your front door, using a 504 sensor for your mobile, triggers a rule by IFTTT and activates the predefined light scene. This can be 505 considered a service since it’s based on individual, more atomic functions which are composed to a 506 service which provides more added-value 507 508 Another example dealing with the EV Charger at your home would be a service dealing with the 509 charging of your car. You need to go 20 km to work next day starting at 6 a.m. and arrive at home 510 at 7. P.m. and connect the car to the charging pole. You have configured a service to take care of 511 the load, solving the optimization problem that you want to have a cheap price and be able to do 512 the 20 km next day at 6. The charging service shall automatically optimize this process and charge 513 according to your goals. 514 515 Technology: Technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the 516 production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives. 517 Within this project, we consider technology as enabler of functions and services or even so called 518 readiness. 519 520 Technical building system: In the EPBD under Article 2(3), a ‘technical building system’ is defined as 521 a technical equipment for the heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water, lighting or for a combination 522 thereof, of a building or building unit. In the proposal for amendment, this definition is extended to 523 building automation and control, on-site electricity generation and on-site infrastructure for 524 electro-mobility. In this study this definition is extended to a broader scope, taking the connection 525 of the building to the others infrastructures more into account. 526 527 Viewpoint is defined from the point of view of abstraction for modeling purposes. Modeling has 528 the purpose of reducing the complexity of a given subject in order the focus on particular aspects 529 which are, normally, relevant to one or more stakeholders of the model. Those particular aspects 530 are usually summarized in a viewpoint. Given a building, one viewpoint for the architect could be 531 the dimensions of the house, taking into account the size of the building, the given airspace. 532 Another one could be the consumption of e.g. electricity, focusing on a consumers of electricity 533 and finding those which can be optimized. Typically, viewpoints differ from stakeholder to 534 stakeholder. When modeling, one key of the agreement process is to ensure there is a consensus 535

(in particular among stakeholders) on the definition of viewpoints and on how they can be 536 harmonized. 537

ANNEX B – STANDARDISATION RELATED TO SMART BUILDINGS 538

B.1. MANDATE (M/480) AND THE CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION (CPR) 539

M/480 Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of standards for a 540 methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting the energy 541 efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy 542 performance of buildings. 543 544 Also complementary to this the European Commission adopted the Construction Products 545 Regulation (CPR)6 that lays down harmonized rules for the marketing of construction products in 546 the EU, i.e. Regulation (EU) No 305/2011. Note that CPR is EU Regulation and not a Directive, 547 therefore there is no need additional step for transposition in local requirements neither 548 standardization. The regulation is embedded in the goal of creating a single market ("Article 95") 549 for construction products through the use of CE Marking. It outlines basic requirements for 550 construction works (as the sum of its components) that are the basis for the development of the 551 standardization mandates and technical specifications i.e. harmonised product standards and 552 European Assessment Documents (EADs). The basic idea is to harmonise the way the performance 553 of a construction product is determined and declared in levels or classes while each Member State 554 may have individual requirements regarding the required minimum level or class for a given use. 555 556 557 As a conclusion the relevant smart building product standards are harmonized but the calculation 558 method and energy balance accounting can depend upon the local standards or decrees. Therefore 559 the European Commission issued a Mandate (M/480). 560

B.2. INTERACTION WITH THE ELECTRICAL GRID AND THE SMART GRID STANDARDIZATION MANDATE (M/490) 561

The M/490 Smart grid mandate was issued to the three large standardisation bodies CEN, CENEEC 562 and ETSI in order to consolidate the standardization landscape for Smart grids. In order to ensure 563 interoperability for the heterogeneous systems at infrastructure level, standards had to be either 564 found or defined in later stages. The working groups within the mandate created a process for 565 governance of smart grid standardization, created an overview and mapping of existing standards 566 taking into account the various viewpoints from the stakeholders involved and did a gap analysis 567 for the standardization bodies in order to find gaps for new working item proposals for those 568 bodies and their working groups. In the second stage of the four year term of the mandate, security 569 and interoperability testing were the focus. In addition, the results from both the metering 570 mandate as well as the electric vehicles mandate were harmonized and taken into account, making 571 the overview of smart grid as an infrastructure, smart metering as well as electric vehicles 572 seamless. Currently, the ETIP SNET will build upon those results. 573

6 http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/construction/product-regulation/

B.3. INTERACTION WITH ECODESIGN PRODUCT REGULATION AND STANDARDISATION MANDATE (M/495) 574

The request from the Commission (EC mandate M/495) is a horizontal mandate covering more 575 than 25 different types of products that use energy or have an impact on the use of energy. Types 576 of products covered by this mandate include: air conditioning and ventilation systems, boilers, 577 coffee machines, refrigeration units, ovens, hobs and grills, lamps and luminaries, tumble dryers, 578 heating products, computers and monitors, washing machines, dryers and dishwashers, sound and 579 imaging equipment, water heaters, etc. 580 581

B.4. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION BODIES 582

583 In the European Union, only standards developed by CEN, CENELEC and ETSI are recognized as 584 'European Standards'. 585 586 CEN is the European Committee for Standardization. 587 Within CEN Standards are prepared by Technical Committees (TCs). They do not deal with electrical 588 equipment neither telecommunication which is within the scope of CENELEC and ETSI. 589 Within CEN TC 371 is the Program Committee on EPB standards. This TC 371 organizes this central 590 coordination team in cooperation with the other relevant CEN TC’s: 591 • CEN TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components 592 • CEN TC 228, Heating systems in buildings 593 • CEN TC 156, Ventilation for buildings 594 • CEN TC 247, Controls for mechanical building services (EN 15232) 595 • CEN TC 169, Light and lighting (EN 15193, prEN 17037) 596 597 CENELEC is the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization and is responsible for 598 standardization in the electrotechnical engineering field. It cooperates in International level with 599 IEC, hence within CENELEC are often mirror committees to what is developed within IEC and 600 therefore often the relevant TC’s with work in progress can be found at IEC level. 601 Relevant CENELEC TC’s are: 602

CLC/TC 20 is responsible for Home and Building Electronic Systems (HBES) 603

Much are mirror committees of IEC, therefore see also IEC operating at international level. 604 605

ETSI, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute, produces standards for Information 606 and Communications Technologies (ICT), including fixed, mobile, radio, converged, broadcast and 607 internet technologies. 608 An overview of important smart grid and building communication and interoperability standards 609 can be found on their website7. 610 611 A European Standard (EN) is a standard that has been adopted by one of the three recognized 612 European Standardisation Organisations (ESOs): CEN, CENELEC or ETSI. 613 614 An overview of relevant Technical Committees within CEN, CENELEC and ETSI is included in TBD. 615

7 http://www.etsi.org/technologies-clusters/technologies/575-smart-grids

A National Standard at Member State level, A DIN-EN or AFNOR-EN, etc. is a national standard. 616 It is published as each country in Europe adopts the EN document. 617 618 Beyond Europe is also the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for non 619 electrotechnical standards. 620 When an ISO document is released, countries have the right to republish the standard as a national 621 adoption. When CEN adopts an ISO standard its reference becomes, e.g. EN-ISO-52000-1, and later 622 on when a Member State adopts this e.g. DIN-EN-ISO. In the context of the ongoing review of EPB 623 standards, many are expected to be published as EN & EN-ISO standards. This means that the old 624 numbering system of 2007 in an EN 15000 series of standards is not necessarily maintained and 625 sometimes replace by the ISO 52000 series of standards. 626 Relevant ISO TC’s are: 627

ISO/TC 163 is responsible for Thermal performance and energy use in the built 628 environment and part of the EPBD related standards. 629

ISO/TC 205 is responsible for Building environment design, a.o. is responsible for ISO 630 16484 on BACS. 631

632 At international level the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) is the overarching 633 organization of CENELEC. 634 Within IEC the most relevant TC’s are: 635

IEC TC 8 is responsible for Systems aspects for electrical energy supply 636

IEC TC 64 is responsible for IEC 60364-8-1 ED2 on Energy Efficiency and IEC 60364-8-1 ED2 637 on Smart Low-Voltage Electrical Installations 638

IEC TC 69 is responsible for Electric road vehicles and electric industrial trucks, amongst 639 they take care of EV chargers. 640

B.5. A SELECTION OF THE MOST RELEVANT STANDARDS FOR SRI 641

At European Level (EN) related to EPBD calculation methods 642

Note that all currently all standards are due to Mandate M/480 all standards are currently being 643 reviewed. Part of them are issued for voting, hereafter is a snapshot of the work prepared. 644 The new standards will in general consist of two parts, for which the first part is a normative part 645 for example with the template and the second part is an informative part for example containing 646 proposals for default data. Hereafter is short description of the main standards under preparation. 647 648 prEN 15603:2015 Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment – Part 1: 649 General framework and procedures 650 651 The main output of this standard is the overall energy performance of a building or building part 652 (e.g. building unit). In addition: breakdown in partial energy performance, e.g. per energy service 653 (heating, lighting, etc.), per building unit, per time interval (hour, month, etc.) and breakdown in 654 energy flows at different perimeters and e.g. delivered versus exported energy. 655 Depending on the application, all or some of the other standards related to the energy 656 performance of buildings that cover other parts of the modular structure are needed (EPB 657 standards). It introduces a modular structure to cover all aspects of the building energy balance 658 and its subsystems, see Table 1. 659 660

661 662

663

Table 1 - Summary of the main modular structure of the EPB Standards 664

In general it is important to note that the standard defines system boundaries (the concept of 665 concept of perimeters and assessment boundary, zoning, ..) and amongst others also defines a 666 Renewable Energy Ratio (RER). 667 The contribution of building automation and control (BAC) including technical building 668 management (TBM) to the building energy performance is considered in the calculation procedure 669 as the impact of all installed building automation and control functions (BAC functions) on the 670 building energy performance. 671 It deals with three characteristics: 672

Control Accuracy (mainly used in emission and control modules M3-5, M3-4, M3-5) 673

BAC Functions (mainly used in modules M3-5, M3-9, M9-5, M9-9) 674

BAC Strategies (mainly used for M10-12) 675

The contribution of one such BAC function is taken into account by one of the following five 676 approaches: time approach, set-point approach, direct approach, operating mode approach and 677 correction coefficient approach. The application of one of the first two approaches – the time 678 approach or the set-point approach - leads in general to a modification of the time programs and 679 set-points, both coming from the module which defines the user profile (M1-6 Building Occupancy 680 and operating conditions). Which approach is applied and how it is exactly done, is described in the 681 EPB standard which is devoted to the module which treats the BAC function (M10). For BAC 682 functions which are treated in one of the EPB standards for modules M3-5, M3-9, M9-5, M9-9, 683 M10-5, M10-9, all five approaches are possible, for BAC functions which are treated in M10-12 the 684 first two approaches are applied. 685 686 Directly related to EPB there are about 52 EN and/or ISO standards to define the calculation 687 method, Figure B-2 gives an overview of the current state of play. The process of adoption and 688 voting at EN level is ongoing and 17 of the 52 EPB standards are EN-ISO standards. 689 690 691

692

Figure B-2 - Overview of applicable standards in the ongoing review of EPB (source8) 693

It is important to note that in each EPB standard, a template is given in an Annex A, to specify in a 694 transparent way the choices with regard to the methods and the required (default or fixed) input 695 data or input data sources. Hence this data should be easily available for new constructed buildings 696 and the processing could be done by software in a cost effective way. 697 698 699

8 Jaap Hogeling (2016), Chair of CEN TC 371, communication on ‘QUALICHeCK International Workshop on

Summer Comfort Technologies in Buildings Athens, 9-10 March 2016’ on ‘Energy Performance Buildings Standards: status and flexibility of the CEN and ISO standards on EPBD’

EN 15232 is the standard ‘Energy performance of buildings - Impact of Building Automation, 700 Controls and Building Management.’ (module M10) 701 This European Standard specifies: 702

a structured list of Building Automation and Control System (BACS) and Technical Building 703 Management (TBM) functions which have an impact on the energy performance of 704 buildings; 705

a method to define minimum requirements regarding BACS and TBM functions to be 706 implemented in buildings of different complexities; 707

a factor based method to get a first estimation of the impact of these functions on typical 708 buildings; 709

detailed methods to assess the impact of these functions on a given building. These 710 methods enable the impact of these functions in the calculations of energy performance 711 ratings and indicators calculated by the relevant standards to be introduced. 712

Important definitions and data from this standard: 713 The standard primarily defines four classes that poses specific requirements on control systems 714 including lighting. It contains a calculation procedures based on BAC efficiency factors, for lighting 715 reference is made to EN 15193. 716 The 4 classes of Building Automation Systems are: 717

Class A: High energy performance building automation and control system (BACS) and 718 technical building management (TBM); 719

Class B: Advanced BACS and TBM; 720

Class C: Standard BACS; 721

Class D: Non energy efficient BACS; 722 For each class minimum control system requirements are defined, see Figure B-3. 723

724

Figure B-3 - Table 1 on lighting controls defined in EN 15232 725

Afterwards the standard defines relations between building energy systems and so-called BAC 726 efficiency factors for different types of energy use, including lighting. These factors enable savings 727 to be estimated. 728 Note that also this standard is currently under review and therefore the previous data might 729 become soon outdated. 730 731 Also, according to The Detailed Technical Rules, and in agreement with the mandate M/480 [2], for 732 each EPB-standard containing calculation procedures an accompanying spreadsheet has been 733 prepared to test and validate the calculation procedure. The spreadsheet also includes a tabulated 734

overview of all output quantities (with references to the EPB module where it is intended to be 735 used as input), all input quantities (with references to the EPB module or other source from where 736 the data are available) and a fully worked example of the application (the calculation method 737 between the set of input and output quantities) for validation and demonstration9. 738 739 prEN 16947 Building Management System - Module M10-12 740 This is a new European Standard to address the TBM/BMS functions. This new standard covers 741 several functions of the application of the Building management system. Each function is 742 represented by at least one calculation method. The functions are as follow: 743

Function 1 – set points is meant for set point definition and set back. 744

Function 2 – run time is intended for estimating run times. 745

Function 3 – sequencing of generators is intended for estimating the sequential 746 arrangement of different 747

Function 4 – local energy production and renewable energies is intended for managing 748 local renewable energy sources and other local energy productions as CHP. 749

Function 5 – heat recovery and heat shifting is intended for shifting thermal energy inside 750 the building 751

Function 6 – smart grid is meant for interactions between building and any smart grid. 752 753

Important EN product and/or smart building system standards 754

Related to products interoperability is an important feature that standards can provide, which will 755 duly be taken into account in the development of the SRI methodology. 756 757 IEC 60364-8-1 ED2 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 8-1: Energy efficiency 758 759 This standard introduces requirements and advices for the design or refurbishing of an electrical 760 installation with regards to electrical energy efficiency. It proposes a number of various 761 electrical energy efficiency measures in all low voltage electrical installations as given in the 762 scope of IEC 60364 from the origin of the installation including power supply, up to and 763 including current-using-equipment. 764 765 IEC 60364-8-2 ED2 Low-voltage electrical installations - Part 8-2: Smart Low-Voltage Electrical 766 Installations 767 768 This standard is nearing completion and includes the concept of smart electrical installations, the 769 use of control systems such as BEMS (building energy management systems) in the control of 770 loads, the integration of renewable energy sources and storage devices and their associated 771 protective devices into installations. 772 773 IEC TS 62950 ED1 “Household and similar electrical appliances - Specifying smart capabilities of 774 appliances and devices - General aspects” 775 This new standard is intended to develop the common architecture which applies widely to 776 different use cases and appliance types, and the principles of measuring smart performance within 777 the context of the common architecture. The standard is in the Draft Technical Specification (DTS) 778

9 https://isolutions.iso.org/ecom/public/nen/Livelink/open/35102456

stage and is expected to be published in September 2017. The focus of the standard is in smart 779 capabilities for interoperability with Smart Grids. 780 781 IEC TS 62898-1:2017 on “Microgrids - Part 1: Guidelines for microgrid projects planning and 782 specification” 783 provides guidelines for microgrid projects planning and specification. Microgrids considered in this 784 document are alternating current (AC) electrical systems. This document covers the following 785 areas: 786 - microgrid application, resource analysis, generation forecast, and load forecast; 787 - DER planning and microgrid power system planning; 788 - high level technical requirements for DER in microgrids, for microgrid connection to the 789 distribution system, and for control, protection and communication systems; 790 - evaluation of microgrid projects 791 792 EN ISO 16484 is a series of 5 standards related to Building automation and control systems 793 (BACS) 794 The standard is regarding Building automation and control systems (BACS). It consists of 5 parts. 795 ISO 16484-1:2010 specifies guiding principles for project design and implementation and for the 796 integration of other systems into the building automation and control systems (BACS). ISO 16484-797 2:2004 specifies the requirements for the hardware to perform the tasks within a building 798 automation and control system (BACS). It provides the terms, definitions and abbreviations for the 799 understanding of ISO 16484-2 and ISO 16484-3. ISO 16484-2:2004 relates only to physical 800 items/devices, i.e. devices for management functions, operator stations and other human system 801 interface devices; controllers, automation stations and application specific controllers; field devices 802 and their interfaces; cabling and interconnection of devices; engineering and commissioning tools. 803 ISO 16484-3:2005 specifies the requirements for the overall functionality and engineering services 804 to achieve building automation and control systems. It defines terms, which shall be used for 805 specifications and it gives guidelines for the functional documentation of project/application 806 specific systems. It provides a sample template for documentation of plant/application specific 807 functions, called BACS points list. ISO 16484-5:2007 defines data communication services and 808 protocols for computer equipment used for monitoring and control of heating, ventilation, air-809 conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) and other building systems. It defines, in addition, an 810 abstract, object-oriented representation of information communicated between such equipment, 811 thereby facilitating the application and use of digital control technology in buildings. ISO 16484-812 6:2009 defines a standard method for verifying that an implementation of the BACnet protocol 813 provides each capability claimed in its Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) in 814 conformance with the BACnet standard. 815 816 EN 12098 (parts 1, 3, 5) prepared under CEN/TC247/WG6 committee describe ability of devices 817 and integrated functions to control heating systems. Associated draft Technical Reports CEN/TR 818 12098 (parts 6, 7, 8) summarise some recommendations for how to design, how to use these 819 functions for energy efficiency of heating systems. Energy impact of these control functions are 820 detailed in EN 15232-1. 821 822 prEN-50631-x series standardisation prepared under CENELEC TC 59X focuses on Household 823 appliances network and grid connectivity. The focus of the standard is in smart capabilities for 824 interoperability with Smart Grids. 825 826 CEN/TS 15810 (Technical Specification) specifies graphical symbols for use on integrated building 827 automation equipment. 828 829

830