Claussen - Intellectual Transfer. Theodor W. Adorno's American Experience
Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11)...
-
Upload
tracy-lucas-kennedy -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11)...
![Page 1: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Supplementary information to chapter 5.8:
Modelling the end of an interglacial(MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11)
Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov, Andrey Ganopolski
Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPO Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam
*now at Alfred Wegener InstituteBussestr. 24, 27570 Bremerhaven
www.awi-bremerhaven.de/People/show?ckubatzk ( www.pik-potsdam.de/~kubi )
[email protected] **now at University of Hamburg and Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
![Page 2: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Figures I
This first part contains the figures of our book chapter.
![Page 3: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Figures II
This second part contains supplementary material.
![Page 12: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Model:
CLIMBER-2.3• is an Earth system model of intermediate complexity („weather“ parameterized, coarse spatial resolution except for the inland-ice module);• couples atmosphere, ocean, vegetation, inland ice, carbon cycle;• is driven by changes in insolation and CO2;• simulation period: several thousands of years.
![Page 13: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Glacial inception:
At the end of the Eemian interglacial decreasing summer insolation in the northern hemisphere; glacial inception in Northern America at about 117 kyBP; bifurcation (strong positive snow-albedo feedback); sea-level change about 40m until 100 kyBP.
![Page 15: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CO2 and insolation (Last Glacial Inception):
![Page 16: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
longitude longitude
latitude
latitude
Last Glacial Inception:
ice thickness [m]
(Changessince Eemian)
2000 years
![Page 17: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Last glacial inceptionas bifurcation
(max. volume lags area by ~ 3 ky)
![Page 18: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
128 kyBP 117 kyBP
100 kyBP
Atlantic oceanmeridional overturningcirculation
![Page 19: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
125 kyBP 115 kyBP
100 kyBP
10% 90% Tree fraction
![Page 20: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Amplification factors:
• The last glacial inception in the model is mainly caused by changes in the precession.• Changes in the ocean surface as well as of vegetation provide a crucial additional, positive albedo feedback.• Variations in the atmospheric CO2 only act as an amplification factor.
![Page 21: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ice-area (North America):
Temperature (global annual):
Last Glacial Inception:
- Precession initiates ice-sheet growth
- Obliquity / CO2
act as amplifiers
![Page 22: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fixed pre-ind. ... ... or Eemian surface conditions
Atm.+ oce.+veg.Atm.+ oce.Atm.+ veg.Atm.interactivelysimulated,othercomponentsfixed
![Page 23: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Cold events:
At the end of the Eemian interglacial:• data show abrupt cooling events, and forest decline in central Europe;• reproducable in the model due to changes in the Atlantic overturning circulation,• caused by disturbing the North Atlantic freshwater balance.
![Page 24: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stadials
D-O events
Temperature in Greenland: CLIMBER-2 and NGRIP
NGRIP members 2004
Freshwaterdisturbances(„IRDs“)
![Page 25: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• An ice-free Greenland is a possible second equilibrium state in the model under the insolation forcing of 128 kyr BP. • Timing and extent of northern American glaciation at the end of the Eemian, however, do not depend on the size of the Greenland ice sheet during the Eemian.
![Page 26: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Sea-level change (difference to pre-industrial):
Difference between the two runsresulting from two possible equilibrium statesof the Greenland ice sheet
![Page 27: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The end of the current interglacial:
In the next 50,000 years („natural“ forcing) only small changes in solar insolation; insolation variations comparably low as during MIS 11 but no significant expansion of inland ice in the model.
![Page 28: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Maximum insolation at 65oN
11975MIS 1
CO2 from Vostok
Petit et al. 1999
11975MIS
Berger 1978
![Page 29: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
meters
Inland-ice area
MIS 10 MIS 11 50 kyAP Present
Height of inland ice at the end of MIS 10 (343kyBP)
Future glaciation ?Sea-level change
![Page 30: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Application of our model to a ‘typical GCM setup’:
• The extent to which time-slice simulations of 115 kyr BP are able to reproduce a transient simulation of the last glacial inception is significantly influenced by use of a high-resolution orography and the atmospheric CO2 concentration applied.• Certain combinations of synchronously-run periods and acceleration of the climate model as compared to the ice-sheet module enable a reasonable reproduction of a fully synchronous run.
![Page 31: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Annual temperature (difference to pre-industrial):
the transient simulation of the
fully coupled model at 115 ka BP,
a time slice simulation of 115 ka BPwith fixed pre-industrial ice sheets,
a time slice simulation of 115 ka BP
with interactive inland ice model.
![Page 32: Supplementary information to chapter 5.8: Modelling the end of an interglacial (MIS 1, 5, 7, 9, 11) Claudia Kubatzki*, Martin Claussen**, Reinhard Calov,](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022033106/56649e7d5503460f94b80053/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Simulation of the last glacial inceptionapplying different levels of climate vs. ice-sheet model acceleration
(coupling period / presetting run time, the black line gives the control run).
Global ice volume: