SUPERVISION OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

Instructional Leaderhip( EDM 703 )

Faculty of Education Lecturer : Prof. Dr. Gurnam Kaur Sidhu

Prepared By : Noor Azreen JalaludinMatric No : (UB 2013557299)

CONTENTCONTENT WHAT IS SUPERVISION PURPOSE OF SUPERVISION PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION ROLES OF SUPERVISOR RESPONSIBILITIES TYPES OF SUPERVISION ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF SUPERVISION

CONTENTCont.... WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPERVISION MAIN FOCUS IN SUPERVISION 6 MAJOR CONCEPTION OF SUPERVISION

IN THE MODERN LITERATURE ISSUES

TEACHING & LEARNING

Teaching is a skill that can be improved and teachers are at different developmental levels. Learning is commonly defined as a process that brings together cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing, or making changes in one's knowledge, skills, values, and world views (Illeris, 2000; Ormorod, 1995). Learning as a process focuses on what happens when the learning takes place.

The success of a school depends on supervision "is the function in schools that draws together the discrete elements of instructional effectiveness into whole-school action"

According to Glickman Et Al (1998 )

SUPERVISION

WHAT IS SUPERVISION

Supervision is a process of facilitating the professional growth of a teacher primarily by giving the teacher feedback about classroom interactions and helping the teacher make use of that feedback in order to make teaching more effective

cont...

“Supervision is assistance for the improvement of instruction. This definition allows supervision to be viewed as a function and process rather than a role or position.”

Agree / Not agree Why ?

Purpose of Supervision Classroom teachers providing feedback identfying needs for staff

development identfying potential for

promotion conducting quality

assurance checks ensuring teacher motivation

and morale providing professional

support&guidance to the teacher

Management (teacher is

operating)

attending to the welfare of teachers

checking on the availability of teaching learning materials.

assessing staff levels promoting curriculum

change&innovation timetabling

Principles of Supervision

• 1. People must always understand clearly what is expected of them.

• 2. People must have guidance in their work (information, techniques enabling better work, coaching, and personality improvement suggestions).

• 3. Good work always should be recognized.

• 4. Poor work deserves constructive criticism.

cont...

• 5. People should have opportunities to show that they can accept greater responsibility.

• 6. People should be encouraged to improve themselves.

• 7. People should work in a safe and healthful environment.

Supervisor's 90% -guidance10% -

performance appraisal

Identfying the potentials of subordinates.

Role & Responsibilities of Supervisor

• Supervisor is a interlink between management & teachers/workers

"is a KEY person in any organization" "a person who instructs,directs and control the teachers in the performance of their duties.

Roles & Responsibilities

Supervisor

GuidanceMotivator

Link

Listener

Coach/Communicator

Observe

Evaluator

Record

Plan

Analyze

Set an example

TYPES OF SUPERVISIONClinical Supervision

Peer Review Supervision

Informal Supervision

Self Reflection Supervision

Administrative Supervision

• Harris and Bessent define supervision from

administrative perspective as :• “what a school personnel do with

adults for the purpose of maintaining and changing the operation of the school in oerder to directly influence the attainment of major instructional goals of the school.”

Who is Responsible to Supervisor ?

• Typical supervisors are school principals, assistant principals, instructional lead teachers, department heads, master teachers, teachers, program directors, central office consultants and coordinators, and associate or assistant superintendents.

Ethical Of SupervisionRespect for the

Dignity of Person

Responsible Caring

Integrity in Relationships

Responsibility to Society

Main focus in Supervision

• Techical

• Clinical

• Personal

• Critical

Technical Competency• Understanding of teaching approaches

• Specific skills

• Selection of content from curriculum

• class management /• enhance your organization’s ability to

deliver quality supervision

Clinical Competency

• " face to face contact with teachers with the intent of improving instruction and increasing professional growth"

• develop new skill and strategies

• management/enhance your organization’s ability to deliver quality supervision

Personal CompetencySelf Awareness

Team dynamic

Professional Style

Interpretative Skills

Critical Competency

• Emphasizing quality

• make decisions in a critical

• make an ethical stance

At least six major conceptions of supervision are found in the modern literature:

1. Supervision as an act of administration

2. Supervision as an act of curriculum3. Supervision as an instructional

function4. Supervision as an act of human

relations5. Supervision as management6. Supervision as a generic leadership

role.

ISSUES- Most teachers

react defensively and hostilely towards supervision.

- Most teachers view supervision as a threat.

cont...(Issues)

• Not focusing on the improvement of Not focusing on the improvement of instructioninstruction

• Not having a strong human Not having a strong human relationshiprelationship

• Not preparing yet to help them in the Not preparing yet to help them in the study of teaching study of teaching

cont.. Control Boring Paperwork Bureaucrat Authority Irrelevant Intimidating Stress Unrealistic

Summary• Supervision is

important in teaching and learning

• Effective supervision is an important way of improving staff performance and reducing the time spent on school problems.

Good Suprvisor is a powerful motivator

References:• Teaching Supervision Chapter 37 by;Bernard J.

Badiali• Supervision of instruction by; Glickman,Carl

D,Gordon StephennP,and Ross Gardon (1998)• Article by SM Kilminster & BC Folly U.K(2000)-

Effective Supervision in clinical practice• Part 2, Chapter 1, Clinical Supervision and

Professional • http://www.faculty.londondeanery.ac.uk/e-

learning/supervision