Super Grid Technologies...LCC and VSC –Two powerful HVDC technologies Maximum capabilities...

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2019 siemens.com

Super Grid Technologies74th National Electricity Day – Jakarta

Session 3.C

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2019

10.10.2019 Jody Verboomen / SI DG SW&C PTI

Super Grids – Technological Challenges

Source: desertec

2 main questions regarding super

grids treated today:

1.Which transmission

technologies can be used?

2.How to operate a super grid?

(control, monitoring, protection)

High-Voltage DC

Technology



LCC and VSC – Two powerful HVDC technologies

Maximum capabilities realized or under execution

Line Commutated Converters (LCC) Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC)

Thyristors with controllable

turn-on capability

Semiconductor Switches with controllable turn-on and

turn-off capability, e.g. IGBTs

ᐅ Thyristors 8.5 kV – up to 6.25 kAdc ᐅ IGBT’s with 4.5 & 6.5 kV – up to 1.6 / 2.3 (3.0) kAdc

ᐅ up to 10,000 MW at 800 kVdc OHL

ᐅ up to 11,000 MW at 1,100 kVdc OHL

ᐅ MI Cable up to 600 kV

ᐅ more than 1,000 MW at 320 kVdc (XLPE Cable)

ᐅ more than 2,000 MW at 500 kVdc (OHL / MI Cable)

ᐅ XLPE Cable up to +/- 400 kVdc (500 to 600 kVdc)

Western Link 2,200 MW

China projects >7,200 MW

Trans Bay Cable 400 MW

TenneT Offshore 576 – 900 MW

INELFE / PK2000 2 x 1,000 MW



HVDC “Classic”

Example

AC Filters

DC Hall

DC Cable Entry

Valve HallAC, AIS Switchyard

TransformersControl Building



The Evolution of VSC Technology


10.10.2019 Jody Verboomen / SI DG SW&C PTIM6

Siemens HVDC VSC Technology

VSC – HVDC PLUS - the Modular Multilevel Converter MMC

▪ Low level of harmonics and HF noise

▪ Low switching losses

▪ Modular arrangement with identical

two-terminal power modules

+Udc/2

-Udc/2

+

Udc

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

UC

0

UC

UC

0

0

UC

UC

Uac



Power Modules

Converter Reactor

Transformer

Star Point ReactorInsertion Resistor

AC Switchyard

Basics of HVDC PLUS

Station Design


10.10.2019 Jody Verboomen / SI DG SW&C PTIM6

Siemens HVDC VSC Technology

HVDC PLUS Technology – Key Components

Converter Reactors

Star Point Reactor

Converter Hall with

Power Modules

Converter

Outdoor Coolers

AC Switchyard

Transformers

Control Building Cable

Termination

End

Customer:

Trans Bay Cable, LLC

Project Name:

Trans Bay Cable Project

Location:

Pittsburg, CA and San Francisco, CA

Power Rating:

400 MW

Type of Plant:

HVDC PLUS;

85 km submarine cable transmission

Voltage Levels:

± 200 kV DC

230 kV/138 kV, 60 Hz

Semiconductors:

IGBT

Insertion Resistor*

* - Location depends on design requirementsExample: Symmetrical Configuration



Both HVDC technologies share important features

for AC system design and operation

HVDC Classic HVDC PLUS

High power long distance transmission

Lower investment and operational cost,

less space requirements for transmission line corridor

compared to AC

Precise power flow control, dynamic and steady state:

▪ ramp rates and response time depending on

relevant short circuit power levels

▪ step changes in active power

▪ fast power reversals

▪ reactive power support

Power Oscillation Damping (POD)



LCC or VSC ?

Both technologies have their distinctive features

Line Commutated Converters (LCC) Voltage Sourced Converters (VSC)

ᐅ extremely high DC voltages and power

ratings

ᐅ long year experience, high degree of

maturity

ᐅ high inherent overload capabilities

ᐅ robustness with respect to DC side

faults

ᐅ low power losses

ᐅ suitable for weak AC networks

ᐅ supply of passive loads

ᐅ System Recovery Ancillary Service

ᐅ smooth control of reactive power

ᐅ compact design

ᐅ most suitable for HVDC Grid Systems

There are strengths and weaknesses for both technologies

It depends on the requirements,

what technology would be most beneficial for a given application

SIGUARD® - Operator

Assistance Systems

and Guidance



SIGUARD DDMDynamic Digital Mirror of the Grid for

Real Time System Studies, Training & Design

SecondsCycles Signal-Transmission Time Steps

Steady-State

Performance

SPECTRUMOr other manufacturers

Operation

Real Assets

SIGUARD®

Operator Assistance Systems and Guidance

Measured

Data

Analysis

Monitoring

PMUs Transducers/RTUs

Dynamic, Protection

Performance

Operator Awareness

SIGUARD® DSADynamic Security Assessment

Dynamic Machine

and Controller

Protection

Steady-State

Simulation

Digital Twin Data

PSS® SUITE

DN

P,

10

4

Steady-State

State Estimation

Security Assessment

Action

Simulated

Data

DN

P,

10

4 e

mu

late

d

PMUs Transducers/

RTUs

Wide-Area

Protection

SIGUARD® WAPC

System

Integrity

Wide Area Protection and Control

Decision matrix

Contingency Measures

SIGUARD® PDP

Wide-Area

Monitoring

Phasor Data

Streaming Analysis

Phasor Data Processing

C37

.11

8

Adaptive special

protection schemeOperator Guidance

SIGUARD® OGS

Effectiveness of

Assistance Systems

Operator Guidance System

Assistance Systems

Adaptive RAS, SPS

Corrective actions

PSS® ODMSCIM-Compliance

Operational Data

Management

Relay

C3

7.1

18

em

ula

ted

Relay



SIGUARD® DSA

Online Workflow for Security Assessment

time

Wo

rkin

g p

oin

t

now

forecasts

System State Dynamic Analysis

Se

ve

rity

Voltage Security

Index

1.00

.75

.50

.25

0

Colour Code

Visualization

- Re-dispatch

- tap-changer blocking

- load shedding

- ...

Measures

Benefits

• Prevention of Blackouts

• Increasing situational

awareness

• Reduced security reserves

by factor 10

• Automatic Stability

Assessment considering

• Voltage Stability

• Transient Stability

• Oscillatory Stability

• Fully integrated in Siemens

SCADA solution

• Reduction of dynamic

stress on generators due

to switching optimization

http://www.dpannhorst.de/x.zip








SIGUARD® PDP – Phasor Data Processing

Exemplary User Interface Showing Results of PMU Data Streaming Analysis

Power System Status Curve

Monitoring of online view or historic view (selectable)

Phasor diagrams

Time charts

Geographical

View

Event List

Benefits

• Observe power system

dynamics in real time

• Identify dangerous

oscillation modes

• Get warnings immediately at

exceeding angle separation

• Real time P-V-Curve

• Customizable system status

curve

• Dynamic model validation

• Post fault investigation

through historic data archive

• ICCP alarms directly to

SCADA system



Field

PMU

PMU

PMU

SIGUARD® PDPPDC

IEEE C37.118

IEEE C37.118

On

line

Offlin

e

PDP Engineer Configuration• Communication

• Analysis functions

• Limits

• Alarming

SIGUARD® DDM

Network

Model

Simulator

Study• PMU Placement

• Limits setting

• Analysis functions

• Investm. planning

• Commissioning

Analyzer Monitor

Archive

SIGUARD® DDM – Dynamic Digital Mirror

Application Example for PMU Placement Studies and PMU Training Simulator

Benefits

Allows for replacing electro-

mechanical processes with

simulation to use as

• Training tool for SCADA

• Training tool for WAMS

• Planning tool for WAMS

• Configuration optimization

• Workflow optimization

By mirroring the real process

communication interfaces

such as

• IEEE C37.118

• IEC 60870-5-104

and providing consistent

network data to real time

systems

IEEE

C37.118

IEEE

C37.118

IEEE C37.118



SIGUARD® OGS - Operator Guidance System

Proposal of actions, calculation of settings for WAPC

Benefits

Simulation of possible

operator actions:

• Switching action

• Setpoint changes

• Arming/disarming SPS

Simulation of automatic

integrity schemes with

alternative parameter sets:

• Load shedding

• Generation curtailment

• Wide Area Protection and

Control

Proposal of verified actions to

operator or to WAPC.

1. Possible Problem

2. Possible Solution

3. Required Actions

4. Verified Improvement



WAPC Functionality of SIGUARD PDPUse of Boolean logic blocks to build closed loop PMU based control

SIGUARD® WAPC – Wide Area Protection and Control

System Integrity with minimal invasive approach

PMU 1 PMU 2 PMU 3 PMU 4 PMU 5 PMU 6 PMU 7 PMU 8

PMU 9 PMU 10 PMU 11 PMU 12 PMU 13 PMU 14

500kV

230kV

S

tchange – speed of WAPC

tOC – speed of over current protection

Pchange – value to change load, calculated

with SIGUARD OGS

Boolean

algebraAND

/OR+

-

Change load (Pchange) to

preserve system integrity with

tchange < tOC

Overload



Contact

Dr. Jody Verboomen

Head of Transmission System Planning

Siemens AG - Power Technologies International

Freyeslebenstrasse 1

91058 Erlangen

Phone: +49 9131 17403791

E-mail:

[email protected]

siemens.com

mailto:[email protected]

Super Grid Technologies...LCC and VSC –Two powerful HVDC technologies Maximum capabilities...

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