Sun tracking schemes for photovoltaic panels
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Transcript of Sun tracking schemes for photovoltaic panels
Sun Tracking Schemes for
Photovoltaic Panels
Marzia Hoque TaniaMd. Samiul Alam
Objective
Design & implementation of Single axis trackerDesign & implementation of Dual axis trackerPerformance synopsis
Aspects of Sun Position
Source:Electropaedia
Aspects of Sun Position: Continue
Authors’ permission required
A Solar tracker is a device for orienting a solar photovoltaic panel or concentrating solar reflector or lens toward the sun. The sun's position in the sky varies both with the seasons (elevation) and time of day as the sun moves across the sky.
A Solar Tracker
Solar TrackersConsidering movement capability- Fixed surfaces One axis trackers Two axes trackers
Regarding control units- Passive Microprocessor and Electro-optical
Picture: Market Electrification Systems at Barkal Upazila under Rangamati District
Accuracy Requirement
Design & Implementation of the Systems
Block Diagram of Automatic Single Axis Solar Tracking Scheme
System Implementation Flowchart of the Single Axis Tracker
LegendLDR1=Light Dependent Resistor at The EastLDR2=Light Dependent Resistor at The West Forward Rotation=East to WestReverse Rotation=West to East
Start
Input LDR1 & LDR2
LDR1<LDR2?
Rotate required step(East to West)
Get First InterruptStop Forward Rotation
Reverse to Initial Stage
Get Second Interrupt
Stop Processing Until Getting The Input
Activate The Load
Get Input?
End
Yes
No
Yes
No
Time Delay
Methodology and Operation of Designed Single Axis Tracker
Block Diagram of Automatic Dual Axis Solar Tracking Scheme
START
Take Input from the 4 sensors
Compare corresponding Inputs
MovementRequired?
Motor-1,Motor-2or both?
Check movement combination for both
Give proper combination of pulse for motors one
Forward or Reverse?
Forward or Reverse?
Give 1 Pulse Reverse
Give 1 Pulse Forward
Give 1 Pulse Reverse
Give 1 Pulse Forward
Motor 2Motor 1
Yes
No
Both
ForwardReverseForwardReverse
System Implementation Flowchart of the Dual Axis Tracker
Response time: 1 sec
High precisionHigh accuracy
Availability of componentsHigh convergence speed Independence of PV characteristicsNo need of statistical data over a long periodGained power is almost constant over a period
of time
System Verification
Assessment of the Prototype: Single Axis Tracker
No dead band foundDynamic response Least steady state error Energy output increment ~ 21%System can be operated with low maintenanceLow power requirement for circuits operation
Assessment of the Prototype: Dual Axis Tracker
Complex in hardware mechanism Energy increment: 33.5% (theoretical 42%) System power consumption is high System maintenance is excessive Less reliable in bad weather
ConclusionThough the single axis tracker presented here shows high precision and high accuracy to track the sun and the dual axis tracker shows convincing energy gain, these two trackers need to be upgraded to improve- Mechanical System The sensors array The power supply Microprocessor functionality This design can be replicated to larger scale