Sun and MPP Tracking In Solar Array Systems Using FLC Via FPGA By: Eng.Mohammed S. EL...

Sun and MPP Tracking In Solar Array Systems Using FLC Via FPGA

By:By:Eng.Mohammed S. EL Moghany

Advisor:Advisor:Dr.Basil Hamed

The Islamic University of GazaDeanery of Graduate StudiesFaculty of EngineeringElectrical Engineering Department

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

Presentation Contents

1 - Introduction

2 - Solar energy

3 - Fuzzy Logic Controller

4 - FPGA

5 – Sun Tracker FLC Design

6 –MPP Tracker FLC Design

7 - Conclusion

2

I- Introduction

Renewable energy : comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, and geothermal heat, (replenished).

Renewable energy sources play an important role in electric power generation.

The fossil fuels (ex. gas, oil, coal) are limited and hand strong pollutants.

The most important of renewable energy is solar energy.

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I- Introduction

Solar energy: is directly converted into electrical energy by solar photovoltaic modules.

The applications for solar energy are increased

Need to improve the materials and methods used to harness this power source.

Sun tracking and maximum power point (MPP) tracking. For that we need controllers.

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I- Introduction

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Sun tracker FLC MPP tracker FLC

FPGA card (Spartan-3AN, Xilinx Company, 2009)

Increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module.

II- Solar Energy

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•Photovoltaic (PV):

• Direct conversion of sunlight to electricity by using a semiconductor,

• Usually made of silicon .

•The word photovoltaic comes from the Greek meaning

•“light” (photo) and “electrical” (voltaic).

•Bell Laboratories produced the first solar cell in 1954,

for space applications, efficiency =5 %.

II- Solar Energy

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•Photovoltaic (PV):

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2- Solar Energy

8

+

_

Ip Rsh

Rs

v

i

II- Solar Energy

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Types of Solar Panels

Monocrystalline

ζ =18%

Large crystal of silicon

Polycrystalline

ζ =15%

Small crystal of silicon

Amorphous

ζ =10%

Molten silicon

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2- Solar Energy

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Solar energy advantages:o Need no fuel

o quick responding

o Non-polluting

oEasy maintenance

o Can be integrated with other renewable energy sources

o Simple & efficient

II- Solar Energy

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•PV Applications:

II- Solar Energy

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•PV Applications:

II- Solar Energy

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•PV Applications:

II- Solar Energy

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•PV Applications:

I- Introduction

Fuzzy Controller

System Model SystemExperience

Conventional Controller

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Sun tracker MPP tracker

Increasing the efficiency of electrical power generated from photovoltaic module.

The concept of Fuzzy Logic (FL) was conceived by Lotfi Zadeh, the father of Fuzzy 1960's .

In 1974, Mamdani published the first paper for fuzzy applications. steam engine.

In 1985, Takagi and Sugeno published another effective method for fuzzy control.

III- Fuzzy Logic Control

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Japanese

1980's

1994

35 billion dollar

Elevator

Toshiba

Washing machines

Panasonic

Cars

Honda & Nissan

Cameras

Canon

air conditioners

Mitsubishi

USA other countries17


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FUZZY SETS

crisp sets The temperature x is warm

is 0.7 or 70%.

Structure of Fuzzy logic control "FLC"


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Mamdani: Rt IF x is At THEN y is Bt

Sugeno: If x is A and y is B then z = f(x,y)



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max

min

max

min

. ( )

( )

x

x

x

x

x x

COG

x

I- IntroductionHardware Controllers implementation

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Fuzzy Controller

Digital

Based on hardware.digital logic gates

Based on softwarePLCs

Digital

Microprocessor

Microcontrollers

ASICFPGA

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IV- FPGAs

PLD

And , Or, Nand , Nor …

SPLD PAL PLA

ASIC FPGA ”85-95”

CPLD

1970

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IV- FPGAs

PLD


SPLD PAL PLA


CPLD

1970

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IV- FPGAs

PLD


SPLD PAL PLA


CPLD

1970

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•Faster • Less complex software•But without the flexibility of the PLA

IV- FPGAs

PLD


SPLD PAL PLA


CPLD

1970

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CPLD = set of PLAs

IV- FPGAs

PLD


SPLD PAL PLA


CPLD

1970

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•100 million gates•entire 32-bit processors•ROM, RAM•use Verilog or VHDL

IV- FPGAs

PLD


SPLD PAL PLA


CPLD

1970

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Xilinx combine the user control and time

to market densities and cost benefits

IV- FPGAs

Xilinx offers WebPACK ISE11.1 software, Modelsim

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FPGA Programming

FPGA Programming steps

Spartan-3AN Starter Kit Board

IV- FPGAs

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V- Fuzzy Controllers Design Block diagram for the system

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Sun Path :

V- Sun Tracker FLC Design

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Sun Tracking :


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S.T. Controller design


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S.T. FL Controller design


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O.S= 1.3% Ess= 0.005 deg, S.T=16 msO.S= 1.3% Ess= 0.005 deg, S.T=16 ms



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Initial Position=30 Ref= 0Initial Position=30 Ref= 0



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Initial Position=10 Ref= -60Initial Position=10 Ref= -60



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Initial Position=-10 Ref= 20Initial Position=-10 Ref= 20

S.T. Controller design


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Photo Sensor design :


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Photo Sensor Connection:

5.1- Sun Tracker FLC Design

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ADC


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ADC


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PIC 16F877A Microcontroller

For an 8-bit ADC, the final value will be (28 − 1), or 11111111B, or 255D

Stepper motor driver


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Stepper motor & driver


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Control SignalsSpeedEnable

Direction

Stepper motor driver


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V- Sun Tracker FLC DesignStepper Motor Control Signals

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Photo Sensor

Position Sensor

Sun Tracker on FPGA:


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Mechanical construction and components: :


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Video:


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Power Characteristics :

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

+

_

Ip Rsh

Rs

v

i

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

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MPPT:

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

MPPT:

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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MPPT:

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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GUI : KC200GT solar array datasheet

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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MPPT. FL Controller design

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

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GUI : KC200GT solar array datasheet

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

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Comparison between FLC and perturbation and observation controller

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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-when dp/dv > 0 , the voltage is increased, this is done through D(k ) = D(k − 1) + C.

-when dp/dv < 0, the voltage is decreased through D(k ) = D(k − 1) − C .

Algorithm (M.Villalva, J.Gazoli, and E. Ruppert) 2009:


VI- MPPT FLC Design

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VI- MPPT FLC Design

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)P & O(

FLC

Practical Implementation

VI- Fuzzy Controllers Design

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Generating VHDL FLC Code : Using Xfuzzy Program


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Generating VHDL PWM Code :


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Generating VHDL PWM Code :


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MPPT_FLC Test

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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Practical DC_DC Converter

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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Practical DC_DC Converter

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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Practicar DC_DC Converter Test

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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Practicar DC_DC Converter and FLC

VI- MPPT FLC Design

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VI- Fuzzy Controllers DesignFLC on FPGA

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Cont Sig

CLK Genrator

ST_FLC

MPPTDiff

MPPTFLC

STDiff

PWM

Experimental Results:


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Experimental Results:


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Efficiency ≈ 33%

6- Conclusion And Future Research

Conclusion

Two different controllers (MPPT_FLC, and ST_FLC) have been constructed in FPGA card, which used to increase the power of the PV panel.

These controllers have been tested using Matlab/Simulink . From the experimental results the proposed ST increase the efficiency

by ≈ 33%. The response of the MPPT using FLC is better than the response of

the MPPT using conventional controller applied on the same system in the previous study in 2009.

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Thank you For listening

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Sun and MPP Tracking In Solar Array Systems Using FLC Via FPGA By: Eng.Mohammed S. EL...

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