A Project Report

On

The Summer Internship

At

Hindustan Aeronautics

Limited (LUCKNOW DIVISION)

Submitted By: Rajat Singh

Integrated

M.Tech. (me) – 7th

sem

Roll No –

12/IME/020

Session: 2012 -17

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Gautam Buddha University

II

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With deep devotion I thank all mighty God for blessing me with

desire, intention, inclination, will, ability, guidance hope and

achievements of required goal.

The present report entitled “Summer i n t e r n s h i p at

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited” in partial fulfillment for the Degree of

Integrated M.Tech., Gautam Buddha University.

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the

possibility to complete this project. I want to thank Hindustan

Aeronautics Limited (Lucknow Division) for giving me the permission to

commence this project in the first instance. Would take this

opportunity as a proud privilege to express my deep felt of gratitude to

Mr. S.P. Singh (Senior Manager Technical Training Centre.).

I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Mr. Chaturbhuj Bhama,

TTC Division, HAL Lucknow whose valuable guidance and suggestions

was available throughout the summer internship. His cooperation

was very precious to me without which I would have been incapable to

produce this dissertation work.

Date: Place: (Rajat Singh)

II

Declaration

I hereby declare that this report entitled “Summer Internship At Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (Lucknow Division)” submitted by me in the partial fulfillment for the degree of Integrated M.Tech (Mechanical Engineering), to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gautam Buddha University, is an outcome of my own efforts and is an original one.

Date:

Place: Lucknow RAJAT SINGH Integrated M.Tech. (ME) 7th Semester

Department of Mechanical Engineering Gautam Buddha University

CONTENTS

Certificate I

Acknowledgement II

Declaration III

CHAPTER 1

Introduction 1 – 3

- Introduction

- Benefits of Summer Internship

- Importance of Summer Internship

CHAPTER 2 4 - 16

Profile of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited

- Introduction

- HAL Products

- HAL Services

- HAL Divisions

- Vision, Mission

- Glimpse of HAL

- Core Business Of HAL

- About HAL Accessories Division, Lucknow

CHAPTER 3 17 - 32

Factories at HAL

- Brief Description

- Mechanical Factory

- Instrument Factory

- Fuel Factory

- Non Destructive Testing Lab

CHAPTER 4 33 - 45

Aircraft Basics

- Aircraft and Aircraft Structure

- Main Parts of an Aircraft

- Bernoulli’s Equation

- Primary Flight Controls

- Secondary Flight Controls

CHAPTER 5 46 - 48

Conclusion and Suggestion

- Conclusion

- Suggestions to enrich Training

BIBLIOGRAPHY 49

1

Chapter 1

Introduction

2

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Engineering is amongst the few professions where creativity and ingenuity matters the most. A successful engineer is therefore a matter of pride and immense sense of satisfaction for the society. But at present times the quality of engineers are degrading. Reason being there had been mushroom growth of engineering colleges in the past and proper practical exposure is not given. There comes the importance of industrial training program. Nobody can deny or ignore the growing demand of industrial training program day by day. The art of engineering cannot be learnt by rote learning. Engineering is a practical profession which is based on implementation step by step in a logical manner. A keen and analytical mind is required if you aspire to become a successful Engineering professional. The problem with the colleges and institutions are that they are lagging behind the concepts and approaches which are being implemented and adopted in the industry. The course curriculum is designed in an old fashioned manner which is not of much use since it is less practical and more theoretical. The industrial training program gives you a fantastic exposure with the company’s working environment and style pattern. For the first time they get to know about the real time software applications, programming, installation, configuration, testing, SDLC phases and many more things. In addition they learn about corporate etiquettes, interpersonal skills and professional outlook. Working on projects, again is a very important aspect. The things that are taught during the student life of your Engineering will be implemented while carrying out the project work. While cracking an interview the first question that is asked by the recruiters is about their industrial training and the project they have done because employers expect the candidates to

3

gather at least basic fundamental knowledge on their respective domains. After recession company hardly invests large amount of capital on the training of the candidates. Their first and foremost requirement is candidates should be able to grasp the technology quickly so that they can learn working on it as early as possible. The industrial training program helps the students in a much wider scale as they have ample scope to clear their doubts and make their fundamentals strong and clear, interact with industry experienced trainers and lab oriented methodology. Benefits of Summer Internship:-

- Boost up your confidence level - Make you technically sound and clear your basics - Introduce you with Project oriented approach - Makes your CV strong enough to attract the potential

Recruiters - Training with Placement assistance in reputed companies. - Guidance from a team of well-qualified, experienced and

professional developers, trainers and technocrats.

Importance Of Summer Internship:-

Generally, an internship consists of an exchange of services for experience between the student and an organization. Students can also use an internship to determine if they have an interest in a particular career, create a network of contacts or gain school credit. Some interns find permanent, paid employment with the organizations for which they worked. This can be a significant benefit to the employer as experienced interns often need little or no training when they begin regular employment. Unlike a trainee program, employment at the completion of an internship is not guaranteed.

4

Chapter 2

Profile

of

Hindustan

Aeronautics Limited

5

Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) came into existence

on 1st October 1964. The Company was formed by the merger

of Hindustan Aircraft Limited with Aeronautics India Limited

and Aircraft Manufacturing Depot, Kanpur.

The Company traces its roots to the pioneering efforts of

an industrialist with extraordinary vision, the late Seth

Walchand Hirachand, who set up Hindustan Aircraft Limited

at Bangalore in association with the erstwhile princely State of

Mysore in December 1940. The Government of India became a

shareholder in March 1941 and took over the Management in

1942.

Today, HAL has 19 Production Units and 9 Research and

Design Centres in 7 locations in India. The Company has an

impressive product track record - 12 types of aircraft

manufactured with in-house R & D and 14 types produced

under license. HAL has manufactured over 3550 aircraft, 3600

engines and overhauled over 8150 aircraft and 27300 engine.

HAL has been successful in numerous R & D programs

developed for both Defense and Civil Aviation sectors. HAL

has made substantial progress in its current projects :

10

• Dhruv, which is Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) • Tejas - Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) • Intermediate Jet Trainer (IJT) • Various military and civil upgrades.

Dhruv was delivered to the Indian Army, Navy, Air Force

and the Coast Guard in March 2002, in the very first year of its production, a unique achievement.

HAL has played a significant role for India's space

programs by participating in the manufacture of structures for

Satellite Launch Vehicles like

• PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) • GSLV (Geo-synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) • IRS (Indian Remote Satellite) • INSAT (Indian National Satellite)

HAL has formed the following Joint Ventures (JVs) :

• BAeHAL Software Limited • Indo-Russian Aviation Limited (IRAL) • Snecma HAL Aerospace Pvt Ltd • SAMTEL HAL Display System Limited • HALBIT Avionics Pvt Ltd • HAL-Edgewood Technologies Pvt Ltd • INFOTECH HAL Ltd

Apart from these seven, other major diversification

projects are Industrial Marine Gas Turbine and Airport

Services. Several Co-production and Joint Ventures with

international participation are under consideration.

HAL's supplies / services are mainly to Indian Defence

Services, Coast Guards and Border Security Forces. Transport

Aircraft and Helicopters have also been supplied to Airlines as

well as State Governments of India. The Company has also

7

achieved a foothold in export in more than 30 countries,

having demonstrated its quality and price competitiveness.

HAL has won several International & National Awards for

achievements in R&D, Technology, Managerial Performance, Exports, Energy Conservation, Quality and Fulfillment of Social Responsibilities

• HAL was awarded the “INTERNATIONAL GOLD MEDAL

AWARD” for Corporate Achievement in Quality and Efficiency at the International Summit (Global Rating Leaders 2003), London, UK by M/s Global Rating, UK in conjunction with the International Information and Marketing Centre (IIMC).

• HAL was presented the International - “ ARCH OF EUROPE ” Award in Gold Category in recognition for its commitment to Quality, Leadership, Technology and Innovation.

• At the National level, HAL won the "GOLD TROPHY" for excellence in Public Sector Management, instituted by the Standing Conference of Public Enterprises (SCOPE).

8

VISION & MISSION OF HAL

VISION

"To make HAL a dynamic, vibrant, value-based learning

organization with human resources exceptionally skilled,

highly motivated and committed to meet the current and

future challenges. This will be driven by core values of the

Company fully embedded in the culture of the Organization"

MISSION

To become a globally competitive aerospace industry

while working as an instrument for achieving self- reliance in

design, manufacture and maintenance of aerospace defense

equipment and diversifying to related areas, managing the

business on commercial lines in a climate of growing

professional competence.

9

Glimpse of HAL

10

HAL PRODUCTS

Aircrafts

ENGINES

11

HAL SERVICES:-

12

In the year 1951, when HT-2 the first indigenously

designed primary trainer made its first flight, it heralded the

era of Research & Design at HAL This aircraft served as the

back bone of IAF's training fleet for more than three decades.

Subsequently, HAL's R&D capabilities have grown from

strength to strength and have been harnessed to achieve

greater heights of self reliance. The Advanced Light Helicopter

- ALH (DHRUV) is the latest new generation helicopter

designed and developed by HAL. It is under production since

2002. The test flights on Technology Demonstrators (TD-I and

II) and Prototype Vehicles (PV-1 and 2) of Light Combat

Aircraft - LCA (Tejas) are progressing satisfactorily. The

Intermediate Jet Trainer (IJT) is undergoing test flights.

In addition, HAL has successfully completed many

systems updates and integration tasks. HAL has 9 Research &

Design Centres engaged in the design and development of

combat aircraft, helicopters, aero engines, gas turbines, engine

test beds, aircraft communication and navigation systems and

mechanical system accessories.

The indigenously upgraded MiG-27M aircraft has

received Initial Operation Clearance (IOC) and the first batch

of aircraft has been delivered. First flight test on Jaguar Nav

WASS upgraded aircraft with indigenously developed mission

computer with weapon delivery capabilities has been carried

out and retromod of fleet has been taken up.

Equipped with the latest facilities, the company is backed

by high profile, highly skilled manpower with an impressive

track record of more than five decades of rich experience in all

discipline of aeronautics.

13

HAL DIVISIONS

Rank Company Country Sectors

14

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute

Turnover

1311614204 14324

15128 15480

0

4000

8000

12000

16000

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

2013 2012 2011

1 1 1 Lockheed Martin USA

Aircraft, Electronics, Missiles,

Space

2 2 2 Boeing USA

Aircraft, Electronics, Missiles,

Space

3 3 3 BAE Systems UK

Aircraft, Artillery, Electronics,

Missiles, Military vehicles,

Small arms/ ammunition, Ships

4 4 5 Raytheon

USA Electronics, Missiles

5 6 7 Northrop Grumman USA

Aircraft, Missiles, Military

aircraft, Advanced electronic

sensors and systems

42 43 34 Hindustan Aeronautics INDIA Aircraft, Missiles

54 49 48 Indian Ordnance Factory INDIA

Artillery, Small

arms/ammunition

82 76 77 Bharat Electronics

INDIA Electronics

15

Core Business of HAL

(to serve the Indian defense services)

HAL – ENABLING INDIA

- Supplied Helicopters to BSF for Law Enforcement & Counter insurgency operations

- Supply of Gas Turbines for engines of Ship and MRO of Gas turbines for Energy sector

- Special Mission platforms for rare earth material exploration for GSI

16

About HAL Accessories Division, Lucknow

Factory Area : 60 Acres Township Area : 233 Acres

Total Area : 293 Acres (11.86 Lakh Sq Mts)

17

Chapter 3

Factories

At

HAL

(Lucknow division)

18

Brief Description

Based on technologies, the division is organized into 3 factories:-

1. Mechanical factory

2. Fuel Factory

3. Instrument Factory

Besides these three Factory Complexes there are sukhoi factory where the overhaul and assembly of sukhoi parts are done, a well-defined lab consisting of non-destructive testing lab, physics lab and chemical lab for testing of different avionics part. The sukhoi wing also contains its own developed fuel and instrument and engine factory.

19

Mechanical Factory

Different products made at mechanical factory are:- Hydraulic Accessories Environment Control System Power Flying Controls Ejection Seats Wheels & Brakes Ejection Release Valve

ASSY. SHOP OF WHEELS & BRAKES

20

(Landing Gear Of Jaguar)

(Hydraulic Unit)

(Main Wheel and Brake Unit-jaguar)

21

A Note On Su-30MKI:-

'SU' stands for a production fighter designed by the USSR/Russia's famed Sukhoi Experimental Designed Bureau. SU-30 derived from the SU-27UB, which is the twin-seat trainer-combat version of the SU-27. 'MK' is a Russian acronym for Modernized-Commercial (not 'Multirole') while 'I' stands for Indiski (India) in the SU-30MKI, while 'K' stands for Kitei (China) in the SU-30MKK. Names apart, there are many central differences between the SU-30MKK and SU-30MKI.

Geometrical Data:-

(a) Length of aircraft (Excluding Pitot tube) 21935 mm (b) Wing span 14700 mm (c) Height of aircraft 6340 mm (d) Wheel track 4340 mm

22

Instrument Factory

Instrument Factory makes the following products:-

- Electrical Rotating Machines

- Barometric Instruments

- Gyroscopic Instruments

- Electrical & Electronic System & Controls

- Fuel Content Gauging System

- Oxygen System

- Ground Navigation System

Alternator:-

Alternator is the main AC source of an aircraft. It generates 115 V, 1 or 3 phase, and 400 Hz signal. It consists of main output generator, main exciter and pilot exciter. The permanent magnet based pilot excitor will feed the stationary field system for the main exciter through the GCU. The output of main exciter, rectified by means of shaft mounted rectifier, supplies power to the rotating field system of the main alternator.

Static Inverter:-

Static Inverter is as emergency AC power supply when both the alternator fail to supply AC power. It also provides built in protections against output over voltage, over frequency, input reverse polarity & output short circuit protections.

23

Fuel Content Gauging Probes:-

- FCG probes works on the principle of capacitance variation w.r.t fuel height.

- Two concentric precision aluminum alloy tubes insulated from each other form capacitance plates.

- When the plates are not immersed in fuel, the dielectric constant of air being lowest, the probe exhibits low capacitance.

- When the probe is wholly or partially immersed in fuel, air is replaced by fuel. This increases probe capacitance proportional to its length immersed in fuel.

- For Gauging sensing capacitance is converted into time period by a stable oscillator circuit.

- For level switch sensing capacitance is fed to Wein-Bridge oscillator which starts oscillation at desired fuel level.

24

Some other instruments used in aircraft are as follows:-

- Starter generator - Generator control and protection unit - DC master box - AC master box - Alternator control and protection Unit - Transformer rectifier unit - Ground power protection unit - 3 phase converter - Multi-channel dimmer unit

25

Fuel Factory

Products made, assembled and tested in fuel factory are as follows:-

- Engine Fuel Control units

- Reheat Fuel & Nozzle Control units

- Centrifugal/Reciprocating Fuel Pump

- Control Valves & Fuel Distributors

- Hydraulic Pump

26

Fuel System Of SU-30MKI:-

Fuel Tanks:

Fuel Tanks: Number of fuel tanks: 6 Name of fuel tanks: 1, 2, 3RT, 3LT, 4, 5 Fuel Capacity: 1200 kg Special detail: Tank no. 2 is the main tank & also known as service tank having fuel capacity of 600 kg.

Fuel Systems:

Fuel Systems: Purpose of an aircraft fuel system is: To store & deliver the proper amount of clean fuel at the correct pressure to the engine Fuel systems should provide positive and reliable fuel flow through all phases of flight such as 1) Changes in altitude 2) Violent maneuvers 3) Sudden acceleration and deceleration Fuel systems should also continuously monitor system operation such as: Fuel pressure Fuel flow Warning signals Tank quantity.

Fuel flow & metering system:

This system measures fuel quantity available in aircraft. This system performs following major function: Fuel flow metering: - This part computes total quantity of fuel available in aircraft & transmits to various airborne system for display & recording. Fuel quantity gauging: - This part exclusively computes quantity of fuel available in service tank & transmit to various airborne system for display & warning. Automatic control: - This part manages sequence of fuel flow to/from various tanks during refueling as well as during consumption. Fuel quantity transmitters: DT41:

This sensors are used for computing fuel quantity in service tank. Capacitance of the probes changes based on the variation in fuel level in tank. Resultant capacitance of following probes acts as an input for computing fuel in service tank. Different capacitance probes used in Su-30MKI are DT41-4, DT41-5, DT41-6, DT41-7, and DT41-8.

27

Fuel flow transmitters: DRT2-2A:

These are impeller types of sensors which produces signal proportional to the rate of flow of fuel through it. Fuel consumed by aircraft is computed based on the signals provided by these sensors.

Fuel Quantity Unit: BT3-4:

This instrument computes quantity of fuel in service tank based on signals from sensors which are fuel probes (DT41). It delivers computed information to following instruments: Digital light indicator (ITSS7-1) Refueling Control Panel (PKUZ&-2) Stand by Equipment (SBI) Complex Information Signaling System (KISS) it gives warning signal to pilot for residual fuel of 150 kg in main tank.

Fueling Control Panel: PKUZ7-2:

This instrument is a display device & is used on ground during refueling. It performs following functions: To display total fuel quantity to display fuel quantity of service tank to display actual fuel density

Electronic transducer unit: BEP51-1: This unit is main processing part of automatic control portion of STR7-51 system. It manages fuel flow based on signals from sensors, magnetic operated level switches (DSMKs) fitted in various tanks. It also senses total residual fuel quantity & transmits the warning signal to pilot.

Semiconductor Relay Control Unit: BUPR21-1:

This is a part of automatic control portion of STR7-51 system. This instrument works as an amplifier & a switching device for the signals required for opening & closing of valve of various tanks of aircraft.

28

Cockpit:

It has multi-function display. Made up of special LCD. This LCDs can withstand a temperature of -40 degree Celsius. It can absorb repeated violent impacts of landing on aircraft carriers. The display is easily readable even in bright sunlight & dim enough for the pilot

to read at night without losing night vision.

Engines:

Su-30MKI is powered by the Al-31FP (F for forsazh & P for povorotnoye means afterburning movable) engines. The Al-37FU engine have 2D Thrust Vectoring Control (TVC) Nozzles. 2D TVC means that the Nozzles can be directed/ pointed in 2 axis or directions - up or down. TVC makes an aircraft much more maneuverable. The nozzles of the MKI are capable of deflecting 32 degrees in the horizontal plane and 15 degrees in the vertical plane.

29

Non Destructive Testing Lab

NDT (non destructive testing) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage. Because NDT does not permanently alter the article being inspected, it is a highly-valuable technique that can save both money and time in product evaluation, troubleshooting, and research.

Some NDT Lab Available At HAL Lucknow:-

Liquid Penetrant Inspection

A liquid with high surface wetting characteristics is applied to the surface of the part and allowed time to seep into surface breaking defects. The excess liquid is removed from the surface of the part. A developer (powder) is applied to pull the trapped penetrant out the defect and spread it on the surface where it can be seen Visual inspection is the final step in the process. The penetrant used is often loaded with a fluorescent dye and the inspection is done under UV light to increase test sensitivity.

30

Magnetic Particle Inspection

The part is magnetized. Finely milled iron particles coated with a dye pigment are then applied to the specimen. These particles are attracted to magnetic flux leakage fields and will cluster to form an indication directly over the discontinuity. This indication can be visually detected under proper lighting conditions.

Radiography

The radiation used in radiography testing is a higher energy (shorter wavelength) version of the electromagnetic waves that we see as visible light. The radiation can come from an X-ray generator or a radioactive source. The part is placed between the radiation source and a piece of film. The part will stop some of the radiation. Thicker and more dense area will stop more of the radiation. (Radiographic Image)

31

Eddy Current Testing

Eddy current testing is particularly well suited for detecting surface cracks but can also be used to make electrical conductivity and coating thickness measurements. Here a small surface probe is scanned over the part surface in an attempt to detect a crack.

32

Ultrasonic Inspection (Pulse-Echo)

High frequency sound waves are introduced into a material and they are reflected back from surfaces or flaws. Reflected sound energy is displayed versus time, and inspector can visualize a cross section of the specimen showing the depth of features that reflect sound.

33

Chapter 4

AIRCRAFT

BASICS

34

Aircraft and aircraft Structure

35

Main Parts Of An Aircraft:-

- Power Plant (Engine)

- Fuselage

- Wing

- Empennage

- Landing gear

Engine:-

An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines.

- Pistonprop

- Turboprop

- Turbojet

- Turbofan

- Ramjet

36

Wings:-

- High-wing - Mid-wing - Low-wing - Monoplanes – one set of wings - Biplanes – two set of wings

“A wing is a type of fin with a surface that produces aerodynamic force for flight or propulsion through the atmosphere, or through another gaseous or liquid fluid. As such, wings have an airfoil shape, a streamlined cross-sectional shape producing lift.”

37

Fuselage:-

The fuselage is an aircraft's main body section that holds crew and passengers or cargo. In single-engine aircraft it will usually contain an engine, although in some amphibious aircraft the single engine is mounted on a pylon attached to the fuselage which in turn is used as a floating hull. The fuselage also serves to position control and stabilization surfaces in specific relationships to lifting surfaces, required for aircraft stability and maneuverability.

38

Empennage:-

The empennage also known as the tail or tail assembly, of most aircraft gives stability to the aircraft, in a similar way to the feathers on an arrow; the term derives from the French for this. Most aircraft feature an empennage incorporating vertical and horizontal stabilizing surfaces which stabilize the flight dynamics of yaw and pitch, as well as housing control surfaces.

39

Landing Gear:-

Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft, and is used in both takeoff and landing. For aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi without damage. Wheels are typically used but skids, skis, floats or a combination of these and other elements can be deployed depending both on the surface and on whether the craft only operates vertically or is able to taxi along the surface. Faster aircraft usually have retractable undercarriages, which folds away during flight to reduce air resistance or drag.

Types:-

- Wheels - common - Floats – water operation - Skis - snow

b

40

Bernoulli’s Equation

First term is the internal energy of unit mass of the air, ½ v² is the kinetic energy of unit mass and gz is the potential energy of unit mass. Thus, Bernoulli’s equation in this form is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy in the absence of heat exchanged and work done.

This is Bernoulli’s equation for an incompressible fluid, i.e. a fluid that cannot be compressed or expanded, and for which the density is invariable. Air flow over an aerofoil inclined at a small angle

41

Pressure Distribution over Aerofoil

Lift Produced

42

Primary Flight Controls

Aircraft flight control surfaces allow a pilot to adjust and control the aircraft's flight attitude. Development of an effective set of flight controls was a critical advance in the development of aircraft. Early efforts at fixed-wing aircraft design succeeded in generating sufficient lift to get the aircraft off the ground, but once aloft, the aircraft proved uncontrollable, often with disastrous results. The development of effective flight controls is what allowed stable flight.

43

The main control surfaces are as follows:-

- Aileron

- Elevator

- T-tail

- Canard

- Rudder

- V-tail

44

Secondary Flight Controls

Some of the secondary flight control surfaces are:-

- Flaps

- Leading Edge Devices

- Spoilers

- Trim Devices

(Flaps)

(Leading Edge Devices)

45

(Spoilers)

TRIM TABS:-

- Trim Tabs - Balance Tabs - Anti-servo Tabs - Ground Adjustable Tabs - Adjustable Stabilizer

(Trim Tabs)

46

Chapter 5

Conclusion and

Suggestion

47

CONCLUSION

Training can beinitiated to address a "performance gap" (learning needed to meet performance standards for a current task or job), "growth gap" (learning needed to achieve career goals) or "opportunity gap" (learning needed to qualify for an identified new job or role).

Majority of the employees feel happy and are willing to spend the rest of their carrier with the organization. Along with this, the employees also feel the organization’s problem as their own and adhering to the organization is not the consequence of any obligation to them. Further, the employees feel that training programs establish a clear view of work roles and increase their performance level. Also the training program provide knowledge sharing demonstrated in the organization. Also, the training programs are practical and employees were able to apply the training techniques in their work. Keeping in view the organizational requirement and goals and objectives of training, the following have been identified as the key focus areas of training: Technology Tooling Quality Information Technology Further, to facilitate the development of soft skills (change of mind-set, managerial development etc.) training would be imparted on a continuous basis.

Suggestions to Enrich Training and Development:

Some Basic Requirements of Learners

• Learners Must Be Willing to Grow, to Experience

• Growth Involves the Entire Learner

• Growth Requires Seeking Ongoing Feedback

Some Basic Requirements of Supervisors

• Include More Factory Visit Days per Week.

• Include Learners in Development of Training and

Development Plan

• Provide Ongoing Feedback and Support

• When Assessing Results of Learning, Maximize Feedback

About Performance

• Set Aside Regular Times for Supervisor and Learner to

Meeting

Bibliography

http://www.hal-india.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_Tejas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_Light_Combat_Helicopter http://www.hal-india.com/Aerospace%20Division%20Bangalore/M__99