Summer Assignment 2016

Class XII

ECONOMICS

Q1. “An economy always produces on but not inside a PPC .” Defend or refute.

Q2. How are different problems solved in different economies?

Q3. What does a production possibility curve show? When will it shift to the right?

Q4 Starting from the initial situation of consumers equilibrium, suppose marginal utility of money

increases. Will it increase or decrease the quantity demanded of a product?

Q5. Explain the Law of Diminishing marginal utility with the help of a total utility schedule.

Q6. Given the market price of a good, how does a consumer decide as to how many units of that good to

buy? Explain.

Q7. Discuss basic assumptions of law of diminishing marginal utility.

Q8. Illustrate double commodity consumer equilibrium.

Q9. Differentiate between demand and quantity demanded.

Q10. What are the determinants of individual demand function?

Q11. What are exceptions of law of demand? Differentiate between inferior goods and Geffen goods.

Q12. Explain with help of a diagram impact of taste and preference on demand for a commodity.

Q13. Differentiate between normal goods and inferior goods.

Q14. Discuss the assumptions and exceptions of the law of supply.

Q15. Distinguish between extension of supply and increase in supply with the help of diagrams.

Q16. When price of a good is Rs 12 per unit, the consumer buys 11 units of that good. When the price

rise to Rs 14 per unit, the consumer buys 20 units. Calculate price elasticity of demand?

Q17. Prove that two indifference curve never touch or intersect each other.

Q18. Differentiate between micro and macro economics.

Q19. When the price increases from Rs. 10 to Rs. 12, quantity demanded falls by 10 units at unitary

elasticity demand. Find initial quantity demanded and final quantity demanded.

Q.20 Demand equation is Q = 50-5P. Find elasticity of demand when price rises from Rs 5 to Rs. 6.

Fine Arts

Two Imaginative Compositions based on subjects from life and nature in poster

colour with colour values on half imperial size (Half white sheet).

Psychology

CASE PROFILE

1. Give a brief introduction of your case presenting the nature of the problem, its incidence (when

did it start/when was it noticed ) and likely causes.

2. Give a brief descriptive summary of the case.

3. Write the case history comprising the following:

a)age, gender, school attended ,class presently enrolled in

b) information about the family ,its income ,parental education level and income, number of

siblings and their details,.relationships among all the members in the family ,level of adjustment

in the family

c) information about physical health and characteristics, any disability or illness in the past and

present.

d ) any professional help taken and attitude towards counseling

e)make a note of your observations in terms of facial expressions, gestures and symptoms like

fears, worry , tension ,sleeplessness and helplessness etc.

4. Frame interview schedules/questionnaires to gather data about the case from his/her parents,

friends ,teachers and relatives to gain better insight into the case.( Each method of enquiry

should contain atleast 10 questions )

POLITICAL SCIENCE DESCRIBE INDIA’S RELATION WITH PAKISTAN,CHINA, AND USA IN THE PRESENT CONTEXT.

WORD LIMIT-150 WORDS EACH.

ACCOUNTANCY Q. No.

1 A, B & C are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. They decided to share future profits equally. State the sacrificing/gaining ratio of A, B & C.

2 State the amount of goodwill if it is calculated on the basis of 3 year’s purchase of last year profits. Profits of the last four years were of `2,000; `5,000;`8,000;and `5,000.

3 The total assets of a firm were ` 2,50,000 and ` 40,000 of outsiders liability. Actual profits are ` 30,000. State the total capitalized value, if rate of return is 10%.

4 Assets of firm are :Buildings `75,000; Cash `20,000; Debtors`50,000;Stock `25,000; Liabilities are: Creditors` 30,000 and Bills payable `40,000. If building is appreciated by 20% and 10% Debtors were bad. State revaluation profit.

5 Amit, Sumit and kavish are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2 respectively. With effect from 1.4.2015 they decided to share future profits equally. For this purpose the following assets and liabilities were revalued as under

Particulars Old Values Revised values

Fax Machines Computers Sundry Debtors Bills Payable

4,000 45,800 46,980 1,870

7,900 34,900 58,870 3,760

Give necessary adjusting entries because of the above changes assuming that the assets and liabilities will continue to appear in their old values in the revised books.

6 P, Q and R are partners in a firm. Their capital accounts stood at Rs.20,000, Rs.15,000 and Rs.15,000 respectively on 1st January, 2015. As per provisions of the Deed (i) R was allowed a remuneration of Rs.5,000 per annum, (ii) Interest at 6% per annum was to be provided on capitals (iii) Profits were to be divided in the ratio 2:2:1. Their net profit for the year ended 2015 amounted to Rs.24000. Show profit and loss appropriation account

7 A & B are sharing profits and losses in the ratio 3:1. A is entitled to a salary of Rs.12,000 per annum and B is entitled to a salary of Rs.8,000 per annum. A is entitled to 5% commission on the net profit after salary but before charging commission and B is entitled to 5% commission on the net divisible profit after charging partners salaries and commissions to A and B. Net profit during the year 2015 before partner’s salary or any commission was Rs.41,000. Show the distribution of the above profit.

8 P, Q, and R were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio 1:2:2. After division of the profits for the year ended 31-3-2016 their capitals were: P Rs.150,000; Q Rs.180,000; and R Rs.210,000. During the year they withdrew Rs.20,000 each. The profit of the year was Rs.60,000. The partnership deed provided that interest on capital will be allowed @10% p.a. While preparing the final accounts interest on partners’ capital was not allowed. You are required to calculate the capital of P,Q and R as on 1-4-2015 and pass the necessary adjustment entry for providing interest on capital. Show your workings clearly.

9 A, B and C are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 5:4:1. C is given guarantee that his share of profit in any year would not be less than Rs.10,000. In case there is any deficiency in any year A & B shall share it equally. The profit for the year 2015 amounted to Rs.80,000. Show profit and loss appropriation.

10 A, B and C are partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio 2:1:1 respectively. C is guaranteed a minimum profit share of Rs.8,000. The profit earned by the firm for the year 2015 amounted to Rs.28,000. Pass one Journal entry each for the division of profit in the

following cases: a. Deficiency is shared by A & B in their profit sharing ratio b. Deficiency is shared by A & B equally c. Deficiency is borne by A only d. Deficiency is borne by B only

11 The following was the position of A & B as on 31st December 2015. Balance Sheet

Liabilities Amount Assets Amount

A’s Capital 12,000 Buildings 15,000

B’s Capital 8,000 Machinery 10,000

General Reserve 3,000 Furniture 5,000

Creditors 7,000

30,000 30,000

They have decided to admit C for 1/3rd share in future profits. C paid Rs.20,000 as his capital and Rs.5,000 as his share of goodwill. The partners have decided to readjust their capital accounts on the basis of C’s contribution. Pass necessary journal entries, open capital accounts and cash account and present Balance Sheet of the firm after C’s admission.

12 A & B sharing profits and losses equally had their financial position as on 31st December, 2015 as follows:

Balance Sheet

Liabilities Amount Assets Amount

A’s Capital 25,000 Land and Buildings 15,000

B’s Capital 45,000 Machinery 40,000

Reserves 11,000 Furniture 5,000

Creditors 8,000 Stock 18,000

Cash 11,000

89,000 89,000

They have admitted C into partnership on the following conditions: C shall pay Rs.30,000 for 1/3rd share in future profits on the basis of which other partners

also will readjust their capital accounts by bringing in or taking out cash. C shall pay Rs.4000 as his share of goodwill The following revaluations have to be made:

Land and buildings 10% appreciation Plant and machinery 20% depreciation Creditors be reduced by Rs.1,000 Prepare revaluation account, capital and cash accounts of partners and the balance sheet of the firm immediately after admission.

13 Ram & Co. is a partnership with Ram, Vijay and Shyam sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3:2. The Balance Sheet of the firm on 31st March 2015 is as under:

Balance Sheet As at 31.12.2015

Liabilities Amount Assets Amount

Capital : Ram

Vijay

Shyam

General reserve

Long term loan

Bank overdraft

Trade Creditors

80,000

20,000

30,000

20,000

300,000

44,000

163,000

-----------

657,000

Land and Building

Plant and Machinery

Furniture

Investment

Stock

Debtors

210,000

130,000

40,000

12,000

126,000

139,000

----------

657,000

It was mutually agreed that Vijay will retire from the partnership and for this purpose the following adjustments are to be made: i) Goodwill is to be valued at Rs.100,000, but the same will not appear as an asset in the

new firm. ii) Land & Building and Plant & Machinery are to depreciated 10% and 5% respectively. iii) Investments are to be taken over by Vijay at Rs.15,000. iv) Provision of 20% is to be made on debtors to cover doubtful debts. Ram and Shyam will share future profits equally. The amount due to Vijay is to be transferred to his loan account. Prepare Revaluation Account, Partner’s Capital Accounts and Balance Sheet of the reconstituted firm.

14 The Balance Sheet of A, B and C sharing profits and losses in proportion to their capital accounts stood as follows on 31st December, 2014.

Balance Sheet As at 31.12.2014

Liabilities Amount Assets Amount

Sundry Creditors

Capital Accounts:

A 20,000

B 15,000

C 10,000

6,900

45,000

---------

51,900

Cash at Bank

Debtors 5,000

Less: Provision 100

Stock

Plant and Machinery

Factory & Land

5,500

4,900

8,000

8,500

25,000

-------

51,900

B retired on the above date and the following was agreed upon: i) That the stock be depreciated by 6% ii) That the provision for doubtful debts be brought to 5% on debtors. iii) That the factory & land be appreciated by 20%. iv) That a provision of Rs.770 be made in respect of outstanding legal charges. v) That the goodwill of the firm be fixed at Rs.10,800 and B’s share of goodwill be adjusted

into accounts of A and C, who are going to share future profits and losses in the ratio of 5:3.

vi) That the entire capital of the firm as newly constituted be fixed at Rs.28,000 between A & C in the proportion of 5:3 (actual cash to be brought in or to be paid off as the case may be)

Prepare necessary ledger accounts and the Balance Sheet of the new firm. 15 A, B and C were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 5:3:2, respectively. The Balance

Sheet on this date was as follows:

Balance Sheet As at 31.12.2014

Liabilities Amount Assets Amount

Sundry Creditors

Expense due

Reserves

Capitals: A

B

C

26,500

3,500

15,000

100,000

50,000

40,000

Fixed Assets

Stock

Debtors

Cash

125,000

55,000

45,000

10,000

235,000 235,000 B retired on 31.12.2014 and for this purpose: a) Goodwill was valued at Rs.75,000 b) Fixed Assets were valued at Rs.150,000 c) Stock was considered worth Rs.50,000 B was to be paid in cash brought in by A and C in such a way so as to make their capitals proportionate to the new profit sharing ratio, which is 3:2, respectively. Prepare Capital Accounts and the new Balance Sheet of A & C.

16 R, S and T were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio 5:3:2 respectively. On 31st December 2014 their Balance Sheet stood as under:

Balance Sheet As at 31.12.2014

Liabilities Amount Assets Amount

Sundry Creditors

Reserve fund

Capital Accounts: R

S

T

55,000

30,000

150,000

125,000

75,000

Goodwill

Leasehold

Patents

Machinery

Stock

Debtors

Cash at Bank

25,000

100,000

30,000

150,000

50,000

40,000

40,000

435,000 435,000

T retired on 1st May, 2015. It was agreed that: a. Goodwill to be valued at 2 ½ year’s purchase of last 4 average profits, which were in

2011 – Rs.32,500; 2012 – Rs.30,000; 2013 – Rs.40,000; and in 2014 – Rs.37,500. No goodwill account shall remain in the books.

b. Machinery be valued at Rs.140,000; Patents be valued at Rs.40,000; Leasehold be valued at Rs.125,000 on 1st May, 2015.

c. For the purpose of calculating T’s share of profits of 2015, the profits in 2015 is taken to have accrued on the same scale as in 2014.

d. A sum of Rs.21,000 to be paid immediately to T and the balance to be paid in four equal half-yearly installments together with interest @10% p.a.

Pass necessary entries to record the above transactions and prepare ledger accounts and balance sheet of R& S immediately after retirement and also prepare T’s loan Account until it is finally paid off.

Business Studies

1. Are principles of management in the form of final truth? 1

2. Out of managing and directing which term has the wider scope? 1

3. The level of ability to do certain work of a person depends on what? 1

4. What is meant by leadership? 1

5. Why it is said that ‘planning is meaningless without controlling.’ 1

6. State any one advantage each of Critical-point Control and Management by Exception.

1

7. The principles of management are guide lines to action but do not provide readymade straight jacket solutions to all managerial

problems. Why?

1

8. Give one point of difference between principles of management and

techniques of management.

1

9. “An employee will be selected through a written test”. What type of

plan is it?

1

10. “He/She keeps machines, materials, tools etc ready for operation by

concerned workers”. Whose work is described by this sentence under functional foremanship?

1

11. Which principle of Taylor suggested that the job performed should be based on scientific enquiry and not on intuition?

1

12. Despite of a good plan manager finds that initiative taken by his subordinate is reduced in the work. What can be the possible reason?

1

13. What do you mean by Procedure? 1

14. A manager decides to develop a better organizational climate to

motivate its workers. What steps he has to take?

1

15. Newly opened cement company is not in support of Decentralization.

What difficulties it may face if they go for complete centralization?

1

16. A manager applies the various theories of management in his unique

personalized way. What aspect of nature of management does this statement indicates?

1

17. Write the full name of father of scientific management? 1

18. Why are the principles of unity of command not applicable in an

organization having technique of functional foremanship?

1

19. Why is it easy to fix responsibility in formal organization? 1

20. When the authority is dispersed and given to managers of the same level, then it is known as?

1

21. Which technique of scientific management does give high compensation to better performer?

1

22. Your grandfather has retired as the director of a manufacturing company. At what level was he working? State any four function

performed by him.

1+2

23. The production manager of Bharat Ltd. instructs a salesman to go

slow in selling the product, whereas the marketing manager is insisting on fast selling to achieve the target. Which principle of management is violated in this case? Name and explain the same.`

1+2

24. Which two steps in the process of control are concerned with

compelling events to conform to plan?

3

25. Write the meaning of Levels of Management. What are the main

functions of Top Level Management?

4

26. Why planning is important? Give four reasons. 4

27. “Authority can be delegated, but responsibility cannot”. Explain. 4

28. What is the principle of Scalar Chain? Explain briefly the utility of Gang Plank with the help of a diagram.

6

29. Explain in brief the techniques of scientific Management. 6

30. Explain in brief the steps in the process of Organizing. 6

31. What is meant by Divisional Structure of an organization? Explain nay two of its objectives and two limitations.

6

Chemistry

UNIT: SOLUTIONS

PREVIOUS YEARS' QUESTIONS (1 Marks)

1. Solution A is obtained by dissolving 1g of urea in 100 g of water and solution B is obtained by dissolving 1g of glucose in 100 g of water. Which solution will have a higher boiling point and why?

2. Why does molality of a solution remain unchanged with change in temperature while its molarity changes?

3. Why is the cooking temperature in pressure cooker higher than in open pan? 4. When is the value of Van't Hoff factor more than one? 5. Why is an increase in temperature observed on mixing chloroform with acetone? 6. What temperature change is expected during the mixing of two liquids whose solution shows a

negative deviation from Raoult's law? 7. Why is vapour pressure of solution of glucose in water lower than that of water? 8. Why does the molality of a solution remain unchanged with temperature? 9. Why the osmotic pressure is considered a colligative property? 10. Why NaCl solution freezes at lower temperature than water but boils at higher temperature than

water ? ( H P S B 2002 ) 11. What happens when blood cells are placed in pure water ? (DSB 2004 C) 12. State the formula relating pressure of a gas with its mole fraction in a liquid solution in contact with

it. 13. Why does a solution of ethanol and cyclohexane show positive deviation

from Raoult’s law? (PSB 2005)

14. Two liquids A and B boil at 145°C and 190°C respectively. Which of them has higher vapour pressure at 80°C ? (DSB 2006)

15. Define mole fraction of a solute in a solution. (AISB 2006) 16. Why is freezing point depression of 0.1 M sodium chloride solution nearly twice

that of 0.1 M glucose solution ? (AISB 2006)

17. State the condition resulting in reverse osmosis. (AISB 2007) 18. What is the van’t Hoff factor for a compound which undergoes tetramerisation in

an organic solvent ? (CBSE sample paper III 2008)

PREVIOUS YEARS' QUESTIONS (2 Marks)

1. "The solution of a non-volatile solute boils at a higher temperature than the pure solvent." Show this relationship on a graphic diagram.

2. With the help of a neat diagram indicate why the solution of a non-volatile solute should freeze at a temperature lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent.

3. For determining molar masses of macro-molecular substances in solution, the osmotic pressure measurement method is preferred to measurement of any other colligative property of solution. Give two reasons for it.

Unit-3 Electrochemistry

1.Write the chemical reactions taking place in each of the following cells-

a) Cr(s) / Cr3+//Pb2+(aq) / Pb(s)

b) Fe(s) / Fe2+(aq) //Sn2+

(aq) / Sn(s)

c) Fe/FeSO4 // H2SO4 / H2, Pt.

2.Arrange the metals A,B,C D and hydrogen in the order of electrochemical series if-

2HCl + 2A 2ACl + H2

2HCl + B BCl2 + H2

BCl2 + 2A 2ACl + B

CCl4 + D DCl2 + C

D + HCl No reaction

3- The two half reactions in a voltaic cell are- Zn (s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e –

ClO3-(aq) + 6H+

(aq) + 6e- Cl-(aq) + 3H2O(l)

indicate which reaction occurs at anode and which at cathode?

Which electrode is consumed in the cell reaction?

Which electrode is positive?

What is the direction of flow of e- in the external circuit?

4- A cell utilizes the following reaction:

2Co3+ + Zn(s) 2Co2+(aq) + Zn2+

(aq)

What is the effect on cell emf of each of the following changes?

Co(NO3)2 is dissolved in the cathodic compartment.

Co(NO3)3 is dissolved in the cathodic compartment.

The size of Zn electrode is doubled.

Additional water is added to the anode compartment .

5-Which of the two Zinc or copper can used for the recovery of metallic silver

from the complex [Ag(CN)2]- ?

6- Two half cells are : a) Co2+(1M) / Co(s) b) Cl2Cl (1atm) Cl-(1M) / Pt (s).

EoCl2/ Cl- = 1.36V

State which will be the positive and which will be negative electrode when

the two half cells are connected. Write the equation for the cell reaction. If

the emf of the cell is 1.63v, What is Eo for Cobalt half cell ?

Ans = 0.28V

7- The standard reduction potentials of some species are listed below :

VO2 + / VO2+ = +1.00V

BrO3 - / Br2+ = +1.52V

S4O6 - / S2O32- = + 0.09V

Fe3+ /Fe = +0.77V

Cl2 / Cl - = +1.36V

MnO4- / Mn2+= +1.52V

Ce4+ /Ce3+ = 1.45V

in acidic medium state which of the species MnO4-, Ce4+ , S4O6

2-, Fe3+, VO2= will not liberate chlorine

from an acidic solution of sodium chloride & why?

Arrange the following in the order of their oxidizing power in acidic solution

Cl2 , MnO4-, BrO3 -+, S4O6

2-,

Write a balanced equation for the reaction between MnO4 and VO2+ in acid solution.

Find Eo cell.

8- Dichromate is a powerful oxidizing agent under standard conditions for the dichromate

redox system.

Cr2O72-

(aq) +14H+(aq) + 6e- 2Cr3+

(aq) +7H2O(l)

Under standard conditions potential of redox system is 1.33V .Will the electrode potential reduce,

increase or remain unchanged in neutral medium? Justify. Ans = reduced to 0.37V

9- What is the significance of the standard hydrogen electrode?

10- Figure given below represents part of the apparatus to be used for the standard potential of

zinc, Eº Zn2+ (aq)/Zn(s).The apparatus is maintained at 298K.

a-Name the solution which could be placed in beaker A and B separately specify the

concentration.

b-One essential part of the cell has been omitted. Name it.

c-The reading of the voltmeter is 0.76 V.

d-Give the Eº Zn2+ (aq)/Zn(s).

e –Give the direction of the flow of electrons in the external circuit (through the voltmeter)

f-Give the half-cell and the overall cell-reaction.

g-Will the reading of the voltmeter increase/decrease/remain unchanged if aqueous

sodium hydroxide was added to beaker B?

h-Give equation for the reaction which occur on adding aqueous sodium hydroxide to

beaker B.

i- E0 Cu2+/Cu= +0.34V.If the hydrogen electrode is replaced the copper electrode what would be the new voltmeter reading?

j- Which of the three half cell mentioned is the most powerful reducing agent. Give reasons.

11- A student made up a cell from silver and lead half cells. She decided to use a salt bridge

made from flter paper dipped in potassium chloride solution. Why was this a mistake?

12- The E0 value for two metal electrodes are given below:

i) Cr3+/Cr2+ = -0.4V ii) Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0.80V

Comment on the result of treating a solution of Cr(II) with solution containing Fe(III) ions.

13-Consider the given standard potential (in volts) in 1 M solution:

Fe2+/Fe = -0.4 V ; Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0.8V ; Mn2+ / Mn = -1.2V , Mn3+/Mn2+ = +1.5 V

i-Comment on the relative stabilities of +2 and +3 oxidation states of iron and manganese.

ii-Which of the two metals may be easily oxidized to +3 state?

14- What is disproportionation reaction? Give an example.

15- The standard reduction potential values of three metallic cations X , Y, Z are 052V, -3.03V

& -!.18 V respectively. What will be the order of reducing power of corresponding metals?

16- Explain why holes appear on storing silver nitrate solution in an aluminum vessel?

17- Copper does not dissolve in HCl(aq)but it does dissolve in HNO3 (aq) to produce Cu2+ (aq).

i-Can you explain the difference in behavior ?

ii-Write the equation to represent this reaction.

E0 Cu2+/Cu= +0.34V E0 Cl2 / Cl - =+1.36V

NO3-

(aq) +4H+(aq) + 3e- NO(g) + 2H2O(l) E0 =+0.96V

18- Write Nernst equation for the following cells

a- Fe(s) / Fe2+(aq) //Sn2+

(aq) / Sn(s)

b- Pt , Cl2(g). Cl- (aq)

Cu/Cu2+(0.01M// Cu2+ (0.1M) / Cu

19- Diagram of concentration cell

The cell works as voltaic cell . Mark anode and cathode.

Write Nernst equation for cell and calculate the emf of the cell .

20-How can the reduction potential of an electrode be increased?

21-How is the free-energy changeG of the reaction related to the EMF of the cell?

22 a- Why does a dry cell become dead after a long time, even if it has not

been used? Why does a mercury cell gives a constant voltage throughout its life.

23a- Write the anodic and cathodic reactions involved during the

discharging of lead storage battery.

b- How many Faraday’s of electric charge is involved per mole of H2SO4

consumed, when the lead storage battery is in use ?

24-a- Lead storage battery acts as a Galvanic cell during discharging but becomes electrolytic

cell during recharging .Explain.

b-Why H2SO4 used in the battery inverters used at homes needs to replaced from time to

time?

25- In the Leclanche cell write the following:

i-The chemical equations involved at the cathode.

ii-Change in the oxidation state of Mn.

iii-The complex entity formed between Zn2+ (aq) and NH3(g)

26- i- What is the basic principle of a fuel cell?

ii- Give two advantages of a fuel cell for an astronaut.

iii- In hydrogen – oxygen fuel cell write the reactions involved at the anode and the cathode.

27- What is the free energy change for –

pencil cell used in a wall clock Down’s cell.(electrolytic cell) used in the extraction of sodium from

molten sodium chloride.

28- Equilibrium constant is related to Eo cell but not to Ecell explain why?

29- Rusting is an electrochemical phenomenon justify with suitable equations.

30. Three iron sheets have been coated separately with three metals ( A, B

and C ) whose standard electrode potentials are given below :

Metal A B C Iron

E0 values -0.46 V -0.66 V -0.20V -0.44V

Identify in which case rusting will take place faster when coating is damaged. Justify .

31- Explain-

Rusting is enhanced in sea water but is slow in river water.

Iron object coated with tin corrodes when the coating peels off but same is not true for a

galvanized sheet.

32a- An aqueous solution of MgCl2 is electrolysed using inert electrodes Write the equations

for the reactions taking place at cathode and anode.

b- What happens when

MgCl2 (aq) is replaced by a) Mg(NO3)2 (aq)? B) molten MgCl2

33- Why electrolysis of an aqueous solution of Na2SO4 containing litmus develops a blue

colour at the cathode and red colour at anode?

34- On electrolysing aqueous CuSO4 using Pt electrodes, the solution becomes colourless

but if copper electrodes are used the blue colour is retained . Explain why?

35- A current of 2 ampere is passed for 1 hr. between nickel electrodes with 0.5M Ni(NO3)2

solution will be the molarity of solution change at end of electrolysis?

36- What is electrochemical equivalent?

37- Explain the terms- conductivity & molar conductivity.

38- One Faraday of electricity deposits one mol of K from its molten salt but 1/3 mol of Al

from an Aluminium salt. Why?

39 - In each of the following pairs which will allow greater conduction of electricity and why?

copper wire at 298 k or copper wire at 323k.

NaCl aqueous solution at 298K or NaCl(aq) at 323 K

NH4OH solution at 293K, same at 323K.

0.1M acetic adic or 1M acetic acid solution at same temperature.

1 mol of KCL in 200 ml of the solution or 1 mol KCl in 1000 ml of solution.

20 ml of each of 1M acetic acid or 1M HCl at the same temperature.

40- State Kohlrausch’s law.

41- Describe the characteristics of variation of molar conductivity with dilution for weak

electrolyte, (b) strong electrolyte. How are these explained qualitatively?

42- Why do ionic equivalent conductances at infinite dilution increases in the order

Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+

Numericals :

1. Calculate the electrode potential of Cr3+/Cr electrode at 25oC in which

concentration of Cr3+ is 0.01M . Eo Cr3+/Cr = - 0.74 V.

[ Ans = -0.779V]

2. What is the potential of the following cell at 25oC Pt / Cl2 (0.45 atm), Cl-

(1.5 M ) Eo Cl2/Cl- = +1.36V .

[Ans = 1.34V]

3. Calculate the potential of the following cell reaction at 298K:

Sn4+ (1.50M) + Zn(s) Sn2+ (0.5M) + Zn2+ (2.0M)

4. The standard potential E0 of the cell is 0.89V. State whether the potential of cell will

increase or decrease if the concentration of Sn2+ is increased in the cell.

[ Ans= V]

5. Calculate the cell potential of the electrochemical cell at 37oC.

Pt/Br2(l) (0.5M) ∥ Pt / Cl- (0.1M)/Cl2 (0.8 atm)

Eo ½ Br2 / Br- = +1.07V ; Eo ½ Cl2 / Cl- = +1.36V.

[Ans = 0.33V]

6. The measured cell potential of the following cell

Cd(s) /Cd+2 (aq) ∥ Ag+ (0.5M) / Ag(s)

Is 1.22. Calculate [Cd2+] in the anodic compartment.

Eo Cd+2 /Cd = -0.40V ; Eo Ag+ /Ag = 0.80V.

[Ans = 0.04875 M ~

0.05M]

7. Calculate the potential of the following electrochemical cell:

Ag(s) /Ag+ (0.06M) ∥ Ag+ (0.6M) / Ag(s)

[ Ans= 0.05916V]

8. The measured e.m.f. of the cell

Pt(s) / H2 (g, 1atm) H+ (10-4

M) ∥ H+(M1) / H2 (g,1 atm) / Pt(s)

Is 0.118V. Calculate the [H+] and pH of the cathode solution.

[ Ans= 10-4 M x102 = 10-2M , pH=-log[H+] = -log [10-2M] = 2]

9. For the cell reaction Ni(s) /Ni2+ (aq) ∥ Ag+ (aq) / Ag(s), Calculate the equilibrium constant

at 25oC . How much maximum work would be obtained by operation of this cell?

Eo Ni2+/Ni = -0.25V and Eo Ag+/Ag = 0.80V.

[ Ans =

202.65kJ]

10. The cell potential of the cell described by the equation:

Cd(s) + Pb2+ (0.150M) Cd2+ (0.0250M) (s) + Pb (s) is 0.293 V.

Calculate Eºcell. [ Ans= 0.27V]

11. NO3-

(aq) +2H+(aq) + Cu+ (aq) Cu2+

(aq) + NO2 (g) + H2O(l) E0 =+0.65V.

Given :[ NO3-

(aq) ] = 0.1M [ H+(aq) ] = 1M [ Cu+ (aq) ] = 0.05M [ Cu2+

(aq) ] = 0.5 M .

Calculate the partial pressure of NO2 (g) in equilibrium over the solution.

[ Ans= 1 x

109atm]

12. Estimate the minimum potential difference needed to reduce Al2O3 at 500oC . The free

energy change for the decomposition reaction:

2/3 Al2O3(s) 4/3 Al(s) +O2(g) is G =+960KJ (F=96500 C mol –1 )

How long will it take an electric current of 2 A to deposit all the silver from 600 cm3 of

0.2 M silver nitrate? [Ans = 5790 sec.]

13. How long a current of 3 amperes has to be passed through a solution of silver nitrate

to coat a metal surface of 80cm2with a 0.005 mm thick layer.

Density of Ag is 10.5 g cm-3.[Ag =108amu] [ Ans= 125.1s]

14. How many grams of bromine can be produced by the electrolysis of molten magnesium

bromide with a current of 3.2 ampere for 50 minutes? ( Mg= 12 amu; Br = 80 amu) .

[Ans = 7.96 g Br2.]

15 .What mass of copper is plated out in the electrolysis of aqueous copper sulphate solution

that takes to deposit 2.16g of Ag in silver coulometer that is arranged in series with CuSO4

cell? [ Given: Ag =108 g mol-1 Cu =63.5 g mol-1] [Ans = 0.635 g Cu.]

16. A current of 3.0A passing for 6.0 hours through a molten M salt deposits 6.04g of th metal.

What is the oxidation state of the metal in the salt. [ M =27amu.] [Ans = 3.]

17.The resistance of a conductivity cell when filled with 0.01 M solution of an electrolyte A2B is

150 ohm at 20ºC.The same conductivity cell when filled with 0.02 M XY2 solution has

resistance of 600 ohm. The specific conductivity of 0,01 M A2B solution is 0.002 Scm-1.

i-Calculate the specific conductivity of 0.02 M XY2 solution.

ii-Calculate the molar conductivity of 0.02 M XY2 solution.

[Ans. 0.0005 Scm-1, 25 S cm2 mol -1 ]

18.Given : (Mg2+

) =106.1 Ω-1 cm2 mol -1

( SO42-

) =160 Ω-1 cm2 mol -1 (Al3+

)=189 Ω-1 cm2 mol –1

Calculate MgSO4 Al 2(SO4) 3.

[Ans. 266.1 Ω-1 cm2 mol –1 858 Ω-1 cm2 mol –1 ]

19.Calculate molar conductance at infinite dilution for acetic acid.Given:

(HCl) =425 Ω-1 cm2 mol -1 (NaCl)

=188 Ω-1 cm2 mol –1 (CH3COONa) =96.1 Ω-1 cm2 mol –1

[Ans.333 Ω-1 cm2 mol

–1]

20. The conductivity of 0.01M ethanoic acid is 0.145 x 10-3S cm –1.The molar conductivity at

infinite dilution of (H+

) = 350 Ω-1 cm2 mol -1 ( CH3COO

-) = 41Ω-1 cm2 mol -1

Calculate the dissociation constant of the acid. [Ans. 1.4 x 10-5 ]

21- Calculate the equilibium constant (Kc) for the reaction at 298 K-

Cu(s) + Cl2(g) CuCl2(aq)

Eo Cl2/Cl- = +1.36V Eo Cu+2 /Cu= +0.34V

[Ans.3.802 x 1034]

22. Calculate the equilibium constant (Kc) for the reaction at 298 K-

2Cr(s) + 3Sn4+ (aq) 3Sn2+

(aq) + 2Cr3+ (aq)

Eo Sn4+ /Sn2+= +0.15V Eo Cr3+ /Cr= -0.74V

[Ans.3.22 x 1090]

23. Calculate the standard free-energy change (G) for the reaction at 298 K-

Fe(s) + Cu2+ (aq) Fe2+

(aq) + Cu (s)

Eo Cu+2 /Cu= +0.34V Eo Fe+2 /Fe= -0.44V

[Ans. –150.54 kJ ]

24. The standard voltage of the cell : 2H2(s) + O2(g) 2H2O (l) is 1.23V at 298K.

The standard enthalpy change of the reaction is – 571.6 kJ mol –1.

Calculate- i- standard entropy change

ii- standard free energy change

Iii-equilibrium constant of the reaction.

[Ans. S –324.89J mol-1 K-1, G -474.78kJ , Kc 1.2 x 1083]

p–BLOCK ELEMENTS [QUESTION BANK]

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS :

1. Out of H2O and H2S which has higher boiling point ?

2. Give an example of pseudo halide.

3. Why is HF a weaker acid than HCl?

4. Out of HClO and HClO2 which is a stronger acid ?

5. Why do halogen have low melting and boiling points ?

6. Name four oxy acids of chlorine.

7. Why is fluorine more reactive than other halogens ?

8. Which is more polar; H2O or H2S and why ?

9. Write the different oxidation states exhibited by O and S.

10. How does XeF4 react with water at –80°C ?

11. Give two examples of interhalogen compounds.

12. Why are noble gases chemically inert ?

13. Which was the first noble gas compound prepared in 1962 ? Who prepared it /

14. Oxygen exists as a gas while sulphur exists as a solid at room temperature. Why?

15. Arrange HClO, HBrO and HIO in the decreasing order of their acidic strength.

16. What is laughing gas ? How is it prepared ?

17. The formation of F–(g) from F(g) is exothermic but that of O2–(g) from O(g) is endothermic. Why?

18. Which one among the following is the strongest oxidizing agent? ClO4–, BrO4

–, IO4–.

What is the geometry of IF5 ?

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS :

1. Explain the following ; (i) H3PO3 is a diabasic acid. (ii) Molecular N2 in un reactive. (iii) Nitrogen forms NCl3 and NCl5.

2. Describe briefly the trends in the chemical reactivity of ; (i) hybrids (ii) oxides (iii) halides of group 16 elements.

3. Give method of preparation of dioxygen. Give its important properties and uses.

4. Give principle of manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process.

5. What is the difference in the structure of white phosphorus and red phosphorus ? Compare their reactivity.

6. give an example of reaction in which sulphuric acid behaves as ; (i) a strong acid (ii) a dehydrating agent (iii) an oxidizing agent.

7. Describe the tends in the following properties of halogens ; (i) oxidation states (ii) electro-negativity (iii) oxidizing behaviour.

8. Give the reactions of hydrolysis of .XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6.

9. How is that hydrogen halides in solution act as acids? Why is it that HF is a weak acid while the other halogen acids are strong ?

10. Account for the + 4 and + 6 oxidation states of sulphur. Why can`t oxygen show these oxidation state ?

11. Complete the following reactions; (i) PCl3 + H2O (ii) SbCl3 (iii) 4As + 6Cl2

12. Arrange the following in the decreasing order of property mentioned ; (i) Fe, Cl2, Br2, I2 : bond energy. (ii) HF, HCl, HBr, HI : acid strength (iii) ClO4

– , BrO4– , IO4

– : oxidizing power.

13. (a) Draw the structure of XeF2 molecule. (b) Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions;

(i) Ca3P2 + H2O

(ii) XeF6 + 3H2O (c) Give reasons for the following;

(i) Nitric oxide becomes brown when released in air.

(ii) PCl5 is ionic in nature in the solid state.

(iii) Ammonia acts as a ligand.

(iv) Sulphur disappears when boiled with aqueous solution of sodium sulphate.

14. (a) Why are the acid strengths of acids increase in the order; HF < HCl < HBr < HI ? (b) H3PO2 behaves as a monoprotic acid. Why ? (c) Draw the structures of the following compounds; (i) SF4 (ii) XeF2.

15. Account for the following observations; (i) Among the halogens F2 is the strongest oxidizing agent ? (ii) Fluorine exhibits only –1 oxidation state whereas otherhalogens exhibithigher positive oxidation states also. (iii) Acidity of oxo acids of chlorine is HOCl < HOClO < HOClO2 < HOClO3.

16. Give reasons for the following; (a) CN– is known but CP– is not known. (b) NO2 dimeries to form N2O4. (c) ICl is more reactive than I2.

17. What is the covalence of nitrogen in N2O5 ? Explain why both N and Bi do not form pentahalides while phosphorus does.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

1. Prepare a labelled diagram of 400m track.

2. History of your track & field.

3. Specialization track event, throwing & jumping event.

4. Draw a labelled diagram of playing arena with all its specifications of your specialization game /

sport.

5. History of your specialization game / sport.

6. Latest and general rules your specialization game / sport.

7. Terminologies of your specialization game / sport.

8. Fundamental skills of your specialization game / sport.

9. Common sports injuries of games and sport.

10. Indian sports awards.

11. Indian sports personalities with achievements (your specialization game / sport).

12. General warming up, specific warming up and conditioning.

13. First – aid in sports.

14. History of Yoga.

15. Explain 25 asanas with therapeutic effects.

16. Important tournament and venues of your specialization game / sport.

BIOLOGY

Prepare an investigatory project on any one of the topic related with Biology. The project material can be downloaded through net, books or any other source of information.

The project should contain at least 20 pages. Coloured diagram, flow charts, survey papers or any other primary or secondary data’s will helps you in preparing a good project.

HISTORY

PROJECT WORK

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

1.Students to choose any topic for the project work. Either listed or anyother

topic of their choice related

To portions from Indian History.

2.For other guidelines refer to instructions given in class -11 and email forwarded

.

TOPICS:

1.Town planning and Artifacts of the Harappan civilization.

2.Through the traveler eyes:Al Biruni,Ibn Batuta,Francois Bernier(Choose any one)

3.The growth and development of the Varna system in the early socities depicting

examples from

Mahabharata.

4.Bhakti and Sufi saints.

5.Discovering the Stupas.

6.Rise of Jainism and Buddhism.(Any one)

7.Akbar Nama.

8.Badshah Nama.

9.Aurangzeb.

10.The Mughal Court.

11.The Mughal paintings.

12.The Revolt of 1857.

13.Royal Mughal ladies and their contribution to polity.

14.Bombay and its Architecture.

15.Madras and its Architecture.

16.Calcutta and its Architecture.

17.Mahatma Gandhi.

18.The Nationalist Movement in India.

19.Partition of India.(Understanding Partition)

20.Framing the Constitution.

**********************

Entrepreneurship

1. What can be described as a business opportunity? Relate your answer with

a recent emerging business opportunity?

2. Explain ‘Micro Business Environment’? Elaborate your answer further by

discussing changes in ‘Suppliers and Intermediaries’ segment.

3. Describe ‘Macro Business Environment’. Discuss ‘Social & Ecological’ factors

on our business environment.

4. Describe any one service sector related business idea in detail that appeals

to you.

5. You may notice that some of the high end super markets have come up in

all corners of the city. Suggest promotional strategy to a new store “Farm

to Table” which is struggling these days.

6. Chatkhara is a new restaurant which is promoting itself both as ‘take away

joint’ as well as ‘sit down eatery’. They are facing bit problems when

material is not delivered on time or less quantity or not as per quality.

They are really distressed. Suggest some measures to overcome such short

comings.

English

The students are expected to read the novel 'The Invisible Man'

thoroughly during summer break, they will be tested on these

chapters in the test , which will be conducted after summer. The

weightage of this novel is of 12 marks and the students should take it

seriously.

CLASS 12TH GEOGRAPHY HOLIDAY HOMEWORK

Q1. Which are the oldest economic activities known? Write their characteristics.

Q2. How gathering has become market oriented? Which valuable products are

collected?

Q3. Define pastoralism.

Q4. Which are the three important regions of Pastoral nomadism?

Q5. Define transhumance.

Q6. Give the characteristics of nomadic/traditional herding.

Q7. What is the name of “one-type” animal rearing activity?

Q8. What are the types of subsistence agriculture? What is its main purpose?

Q9. Give the characteristics of:-

a) Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation.

b) Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by crops other than paddy

Q10. What is the typical feature of extensive commercial Grain farming? Which

are the best areas suitable for this type of farming?

Q11. What is the basic infrastructure of dairy farming? Name the important areas

where it is practiced on a large scale?

Q12. Why does horticulture develop near urban areas?

Q13. Define truck farming.

Q14. What is factory farming? What are its requirements?

Q15. What are the special requirements for underground mining?

Q16. What problems arise in the underground mining method?

SUB : COMPUTER SCIENCE

Q.1 Write a program to create an ASCII chart in a file ASCII.TXT.

Q.2 Write a program that copies one file to another. The file names should be

entered by the user.

Q.3 Write a program that appends the contents of one file to another. The file

names should be entered by the user.

Q.4 Write a program that reads characters from a file. All lower case characters

get stored inside the file LOWER, all upper case characters get stored inside

the file UPPER and all other characters get stored inside file OTHERS.

Q.5 Create two files called A1.DAT and A2.DAT containing N records and each

record having an integer value. Create another file called A3.DAT so that

the content of the record will be the product of integer values in

corresponding records from A1.DAT and A2.DAT. The output will be

displayed as follows :

A1.DAT A2.DAT A3.DAT

3 5 15

2 0 0

10 5 50

Q.6 Create a file STUDENT.DAT which contains fields NAME, ROLL_NO, MARKS

(5 subjects). Write a program to print records of students having

percentage more than 60 (print total marks and percentage also).

Q.7 Create a file called PRICE.DAT which contains the item code and unit price

for N items. Use this file to calculate the total cost of the item purchased.

The input, item code and quantity purchased are read through the

keyboard. The output is as follows:

ITEM CODE PRICE/UNIT QUANTITY TOTAL COST

1 345.00 45 ?

2 445.00 32 ?

3 607.50 23 ?

Q.8 Write a program for counting, from a existing file, the number of :

1) Total Characters(size) 2) Upper Case Vowels

3) Upper case Consonants 4) Lower Case Vowels

5) Lower case Consonants 6) Other Characters