Summary of infections
4
GIT Infections Name of infect ion Causative Agent morphology Source of infecti on Porta l of entry Pathogen e-sis Sign & symptoms Treatme nt control Typhoid Salmonella typhi Gram negative rod, motile, non capsulated, non sporing Contamina ted food & water Oral fecal route S. typhi reach the small intestine Enter the lymphatic Bacteremia Multiplicat ion in intestinal lymph node High Fever, malaise, headache, constipatio n. Spleen & liver become enlarged. Rose spots on the skin of chest & abdomen. Chloramph inicol, ampicilli n, Prevent contamination of food with organisms, carriers should not be involved in cooking & control by five Fs: Fly, feaces, finger, food & friend Cholera Vibrio cholerae Gram negative comma shaped, motile, non capsulated, non sporing Contamina ted food & water Oral fecal route Attachment with microvilli of epithelial cell Multiply Release of cholera toxin Increased level of cyclic AMP Hyper secretion of water & electrolyte Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea with abdominal cramp. Rice watery stool contains mucus, epithelial cells & large number of epithelial cells. Water & electroly te replaceme nt Prevent contamination of food with organisms by five Fs: Fly, feaces, finger, food & friend Ascaria sis Ascaris lumbricoid Round worm Contamina ted food particula rly raw vegetable s Oral fecal route Eggs hatch in intestine Reach to blood stream Lungs Damage to air sacs Dry cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, loss of appetite, & loss of weight Pirate pamate mebendazo le Prevent contamination of food particularly raw vegetables with organisms
-
Upload
aku-karachi -
Category
Science
-
view
15 -
download
1
Transcript of Summary of infections
GIT Infections
Name of infection
Causative Agent
morphology Source of infection
Portal of entry
Pathogene-sis
Sign & symptoms
Treatment control
Typhoid Salmonella typhi Gram negative rod, motile, non capsulated, non sporing
Contaminated food & water
Oral fecal route
S. typhi reach the small intestine
Enter the lymphatic
Bacteremia
Multiplication in intestinal lymph node
High Fever, malaise, headache, constipation. Spleen & liver become enlarged. Rose spots on the skin of chest & abdomen.
Chloramphinicol, ampicillin,
Prevent contamination of food with organisms, carriers should not be involved in cooking & control by five Fs:Fly, feaces, finger, food & friend
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Gram negative comma shaped, motile, non
capsulated, non sporing
Contaminated food & water
Oral fecal route
Attachment with microvilli of epithelial cell
Multiply
Release of cholera toxin
Increased level of cyclic AMP Hyper secretion of water & electrolyte
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea with abdominal cramp. Rice watery stool contains mucus, epithelial cells & large number of epithelial cells.
Water & electrolyte replacement
Prevent contamination of food with organisms by five Fs:Fly, feaces, finger, food & friend
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoid
Round worm Contaminated food
particularly raw
vegetables
Oral fecal route
Eggs hatch in intestine
Reach to blood stream
Lungs
Damage to air sacs
Dry cough, fever, difficulty in breathing, loss of appetite, & loss of weight
Pirate pamate mebendazole
Prevent contamination of food particularly raw vegetables with organisms
Teniasis Tenia soliumTenia saginata
Long, flat ribbon like worm that is divided into segments called proglottids
PorkBeef
Oral fecal route
Eggs hatch in intestine
Reach to blood stream
Disseminate to different organs
No obvious symptoms. Intestinal discomfort, loss of vision, headache, muscular paralysis & seizures.
niclosamide Prevent contamination of food vegetables with organisms
mumps Spherical, RNA containg virus
Contaminated food & water
Oral fecal route
Virus replicate in URT epithelial cells viremia,
virus disseminate to parotid gland & other body organ
Swelling of parotid gland with pain, malaise, anorexia & a low grade fever.
No specific chemotherapy
MMR vaccine
CNS InfectionsName of infection
Causative Agent morphology Source of infection
Portal of entry
Pathogene-sis
Sign & symptoms
Treatment control
Polio Polio virus - Picorna virus family -Icosahedral symmetry -RNA containing virus
Contaminated food & water
Oral fecal route
Consumption of Contaminate food
virus multiply in oropharynx / intestine
viremia
CNS invasion , multiplication & intraneural spread High level of Ab
paralysis
Abortive polio: -Most common - Minor illness with fever, malaise, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting constipation & sore throat.- Non paralytic polio:- with above symptoms pain in neck & back, less chances of paralysis Paralytic polio:Above mentioned symptoms & paralysis of lower part of the body.
Reduction of pain maintenance of respiration & hydration , early mobilization & exercises
Killed virus (Salk) vaccine - live virus ( sabin ) vaccine / oral vaccine
Tetanus Clostridium. tetani Gram positive rod, motile, capsulated, sporing, anaerobic,
Soil contaminated with feaces of
cattle
- any break in the skin - surgical sutures umbilical stump
Spores enter in the wound through contaminated Soil
Spores convert into vegetative cell
Toxin (tetanospasmin) production
Toxin reach to CNS through nerves / blood
Toxin fixed to ganglioside & brain stem
Inhibit the release of acetylcholene
Generalized muscular spasm, hyper reflexia &seizures
-convulsive contraction of voluntary muscles - muscular spasm at the site of injury & in the jaw ( lock jaw) mouth cannot be opened - seizures - arching of the back Respiratory failure
-Tetanus antitoxin -antitetanus serum ATS- Penicillin
- DPT - tetanus toxoid - awareness program
Skin Infections
Name of infection
Causative Agent morphology Source of infection
Portal of entry
Pathogene-sis
Sign & symptoms
Treatment control
Measles Measles virus - Paramyxo virus -spherical symmetry -RNA containing virus
Infected person
Direct contact, inhalation
Virus multiply in RT
Spread to regional lymph node & multiply
Viremia
Virus replicate in epithelial surface of the body which includes skin, RT & conjunctiva
Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis, fever & Koplik’s spots in mouth ( small, bluish white ulceration on the bucal mucosa, opposite the lower molars)
No antibiotic but antibiotic can be use for super bacterial infections
MMR
