Summary of Certification Process (part 1). IPv6 Client IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets.
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Transcript of Summary of Certification Process (part 1). IPv6 Client IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets.
Register a Domain Name
• Domain registrar– Registers whois info– Assigns authoritative
DNS server– Puts “glue records” at
the top-level domain (.info, .com, etc.) with A and AAAA records of your nameservers
IPv6 Web Server
IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets
IIS ServerListening On [::]:80
HE.NETHTTP GET
IPv6 BackboneNative IPv6
IPv6-to-IPv4Gateway
Native IPv6
IPv6 Email Server
IPv6 packets inside IPv4 packets
James Server
Listening On [::]:25
HE.NETSMTP SEND
IPv6 BackboneNative IPv6
IPv6-to-IPv4Gateway
Native IPv6
3.3 IPv6 Header
• Traffic Class: same as TOS in IPv4
• Flow Label: used for QoS
• Next Header: can start a chain of headers
3.4 IPv6 Extension Headers
• Extension headers are only examined by the destination node– Except for the rarely-used Hop-by-Hop
Options header
Most Important Extension Headers
• TCP, UDP, ICMP6– Specify the higher-layer protocol
• AH and ESP– Used for IPsec security
• Mobility– Used for Mobile IPv6
Routing Header Zero
• Deprecated, and recommended to be filtered out– http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5095.txt
• A denial-of-service condition is possible by specifying a malicious path, such as a loop
3.5.3 Neighbor Discovery
• Main Uses– Autoconfiguration of IPv6 Addresses– Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)– Address Resolution (replacing ARP)
Router Advertisement
• Router Solicitation (RS)– Sent by an interface when it is enabled and
needs an IP address
• Router Advertisement (RA)– Routers send these messages out, telling
clients the network prefix and other configuration information
Neighbor Solicitation
• Neighbor Solicitation (NS)– A node sends this message to verify that a
neighbor is still reachable, or for Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
• Neighbor Advertisement (NA)– The response to a NS message
3.5.4 Autoconfiguration
• Automatic addressing via two mechanisms– Stateless Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
• No server needed• Routers advertise network portion• Hosts make up their own host portion
– Stateful Autoconfiguration (DHCPv6)• Requires a DHCP server
3.5.6 Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU) Discovery
• IPv4 allows each router to fragment packets if needed to pass into a network with a small MTU
• In IPv6, only the sender can change the packet size– This makes the process much more efficient