Summary Adaptations How Animals Survive Upload

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    Adaptation-How Animals Survive

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    Types of animals

    Based on the absence or presence of backbone , animalscan be divided

    1. Animals with Backbone (Vertebrates )

    2. Animals without Backbone (Invertebrates)

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    InvertebratesAnimals that do not have a backbone are called

    invertebrates.

    Examples are insects like spider and scorpion, Worms,and slug and snail.

    Insects have six legs and their body is divided intothree parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.

    Most insects have a hard outer covering made up of amaterial called chitin.

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    Vertebrates Vertebrates can be divided into

    1. Fish2. Amphibians3. Reptiles

    4. Birds5. Mammals

    Fish, amphibians, and reptiles are cold-bloodedanimals. This means that their body temperaturechanges with the change in the temperature of the

    surroundingWarm blooded animals :Animals that have same

    temperature inside the body all the time. Birds and mammals are warm-blooded animals

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    Vertebrates

    1. Fish

    Live in water

    Breathe through gills Have fins to swim

    Body is covered by scale

    Are cold-blooded animals

    Examples : cod,shark,mackerel

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    Vertebrates2. Amphibians

    Lives both on land and water

    Breathe both through lungs and moist skin

    Are cold-blooded animals Example : Frog, toad, newt

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    Vertebrates

    3. Reptiles Live mainly on land.

    Have scaly skins and reproduce by laying eggs. arereptiles.

    Are cold-blooded animals

    Examples : Lizard, snake, and crocodile

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    Vertebrates4. Birds

    Birds have a light body.

    They are covered with feathers.

    They have wings that help them to f ly. Are warm-blooded animals

    Examples : Crow, sparrow, eagle, etc.

    Birds like ostrich, kiwi, and penguin cannot fly because

    they have a heavy body. They are called flightless birds. Hummingbird is the smallest bird in the world.

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    Vertebrates5. Mammals

    Animals that give birth to babies (except the platypusand anteater).

    Their bodies have hair and the mothers suckle theiryoung ones.

    They breathe through lungs and have four limbs.

    Are warm-blooded animals.,

    Examples : Human, elephant, horse, cow, dog.

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    Animals based on place they live

    Based on where animals live ,they are grouped

    Terrestrial Animals Live on land

    Aquatic animals Live in water

    Amphibians Live on both on land and in water

    Arboreal animals Lives mostly on tree

    Aerial animals Fly and spend a lot of time in the air

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    Terrestrial AnimalsAnimals that live on land are called terrestrial animals.

    These animals have features suitable for life on land.

    They have legs which help them to walk on land, and

    most of them have lungs as their breathing organ.

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    Terrestrial Animals

    Animals have adapted to live in different climaticconditions.

    Freezing condition :Animals have a thick layer of fatcalled blubber under their skin to keep their body warm.

    Example: Seal, penguin, and Walrus are adapted to live infreezing conditions

    Seal Penguin

    Walrus

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    Terrestrial Animals Cold Places: Animals that live in very cold places have

    thick fur on their body, which protects them from cold.

    Example: It is cold on the mountains and in the polarregions. A yak lives in the mountains and a polar bearlives in polar region.

    Yak Polar bearwww.reflectivelearn.com

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    Terrestrial Animals Desert: Animals living in deserts have very little hair

    on their body. These animals have certain adaptationsthat prevent water loss from their bodies.

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    Terrestrial Animals Hibernation :Animals like bear, frog, and snake

    become inactive in cold winter months, since thefood is also scarce. This inactivity during wintermonths or winter sleep is called hibernation

    Aestivation :Slowing down of activity or settlingdown to along sleep by some animals during the

    hot summer months.

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    Aquatic AnimalsAnimals that live in water are called aquatic

    animals.

    Most aquatic animals breathe through gills,

    except whales and dolphins, which breathethrough lungs.

    Most aquatic animals have fins or paddles thathelp them to swim.

    Example : Fish, octopus, turtle, and crab

    Turtle Octopus Crabwww.reflectivelearn.com

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    AmphibiansAnimals that live both on land and in water. The back legs of a frog and toad are stronger than

    their front legs. This helps them to jump, which ishow they move on land.

    They have webbed feet that help them to swim inwater.

    Example : Toad, Frog

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    Toad

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    Arboreal animals Land animals that live mostly on trees are called

    arboreal animals.

    They have sharp claws to climb up and down thebranches and usually have strong, muscular limbsand a tail for holding on to the branches.

    Example : Monkey , koala bear.

    Koala bearwww.reflectivelearn.com

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    Aerial animals

    Animals that can fly and spend a lot of their time in the airare called aerial animals. Their hollow bones make their bodies light. They have one set of limbs modified as wings to help them

    fly.

    The body shape of aerial animals is such that they able tocut through the air easily.

    In the cold winter months, when the food become scarcemany birds fly towards warmer countries in search of food

    and warmth. This mass movement of birds from a colder toa warmer place is called migration

    Example :Almost all birds, except flightless birds, Bats

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    Animal Group based on food they eat. Based on the type of food animals eat, they can be

    divided into five main groups

    1. Herbivores : Animals that eat plants

    2. Carnivores : Animals that eat the flesh of other animals

    3. Omnivores :Animals that eat plants as well as the fleshof other animals

    4. Scavengers : Flesh eating animals that feed on the fleshof dead animals

    5. Parasites : Some small animals get their food fromother living organisms

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    Herbivores

    Animals that eat plants are calledherbivores.

    Theyhave sharp teeth for biting andcutting, and very strong teeth for grindingas plant food needs to be chewed a lot as it is very richin a substance called cellulose.

    Example :Horse, Cow

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    Carnivores Animals that eat the flesh of other

    animals are called Carnivores.

    Most carnivorous animals have very

    sharp teeth for tearing out the flesh ofits prey.

    Example :Lion, tiger, snake, and lizard

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    Omnivores, Scavengers

    Animals that eat plants as well as the flesh of otheranimals are called Omnivores

    Example :Crow ,bear and Human beings

    Scavengers are some flesh-eating animals feed on theflesh of dead animals.

    Example :Vulture, hyena

    www.reflectivelearn.com hyena

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    Adaptations for protection

    Many animals have adapted themselves to theenvironment and to protect themselves from theirenemies.

    1. Animals like elephant and hippopotamus have thick skin toprotect themselves from the hot climate.

    2. Some animals have very strong legs and are able to run very fastand can easily run away from danger. For example, deer andgazelle

    3. Some animals like chameleon, zebra, arctic fox, polar bear, andfrog can trick their enemies because their body colour easilyblends with their surroundings, thus confusing their enemies.

    This is known as camouflaging.4. A chameleon can also change its body colour according to the

    surroundings. Grasshopper and the stick insect are otherexamples of animals that show perfect camouflage.

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    Extinct and Endangered animals

    Some animals like the Dodo has already disappearedfrom the Earth. Such animals are called extinctanimals

    Animals like the Giant Panda and tiger are in danger ofbecoming extinct. Such animals are called endangeredanimals.

    www reflectivelearn comGi t P d