Summary1.1 The Objective-2 Assisted Region 6 1.2 Socio-Economic Analysis 8 1.3 Environmental...

The Senatorfor Economyand Ports

FreeHanseatic Cityof Bremen

2000 – 2006

Summary

European UnionEuropean RegionalDevelopment Fund (ERDF)

Bremen

Objective-2-Programme of the Federal Land of Bremen

D Objective-2 – Urban district of Bremen (in part, 217,249 inhabitants)Assisted Region – Urban district of Bremerhaven (whole city, 126,915 inhabitants)(NUTS-III) – total population affected: 344,164

D Participating Funds European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

D Term Expenses eligible for support as from: 01. 01. 2000Funds tied until 31. 12. 2006Payout until 31. 12. 2008

D Administrative The Senator for Economy and PortsAuthority / Contact Zweite Schlachtpforte 3

D-28195 Bremen

Department 24 “Structural and Economic Policy Programmes”

Mr. Wiebe, Tel.: ++49 421 361 8620, Fax: ++49 421 361 8810e-mail: [email protected]

Mrs. Krumsee-Budde, Tel.: ++49 421 361 8443, Fax: ++49 421 361 8810e-mail: [email protected]

D Priorities 1. Diversifying the Economic Structure (19,628,102 E)(Fund volume 1.1 Financial Assistance for SMEs (16,975,635 E)of public 1.2 Innovative Start-ups (2,652,467 E)expenditure in E)

2. Strengthening the Service Sector (128,457,976 E)The amounts comprise 2.1 Promoting the Information Society (37,134,200 E)50 % structural fund 2.2 Technology-Oriented Institutions / contributions and Technology Transfer (38,725,700 E)50 % national 2.3 Promoting Tourism (31,908,930 E)contributions. 2.4 New Services / Cohesion Projects with ESF (20,689,146 E)

3. Environmental Protection, Land Redevelopment (56,231,862 E)3.1 Promoting Application-Oriented Environmental

Technologies (8,487,890 E)3.2 Promoting Infrastructure Projects in the Environment Sector (5,304,886 E)3.3 Redevelopment of Derelict Land (42,439,086 E)

4. Urban Areas in Difficulty (16,975,656 E)4.1 Stimulating Economic Activities (10,117,767 E)4.2 District Development (2,614,050 E)4.3 Revitalisation of District Centres (4,243,930 E)

Technical Assistance (4,774,404 E)

Total: 226,068,000 E

Objective-2 (2000 - 2006) BREMEN (Federal Republic of Germany) – Overview

The Objective-2 Programme of the Federal Land of Bremen was approved by the European Commission,Decision No. K(2001) 774 on 22 March 2001 (Reference Number CCI 2000 DE 16 2 DO 009).

Single Programming Document for the Objective-2-Programme of the Federal Land of Bremen (2000 – 2006)

Summary

The Senatorfor Economy and Ports

Free Hanseatic Cityof Bremen

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Contents

Introduction 3

Description of the Initial Situation 5

1.1 The Objective-2 Assisted Region 6

1.2 Socio-Economic Analysis 8

1.3 Environmental Analysis 10

1.4 Analysis of the Equal Career Opportunities for Women and Menand of Problem Groups in the Labour Market 11

1.5 SWOT-Analysis of the Regional Economy 13

Experience from the Preceding Assistance Period 18

Objectives and Strategy of the Programme 20

3.1 Objectives of the Programme 21

3.2 Strategy of the Programme 23

3.3 Cohesion with Regional, National and European Policies 24

Priorities and Measures of the Objective-2-Programme 25

4.1 Priority 1: Diversifying the Economic Structure 28

4.2 Priority 2: Strengthening the Service Sector 31

4.3 Priority 3: Environmental Protection, Land Redevelopment 36

4.4 Priority 4: Urban Areas in Difficulty 40

4.5 Technical Assistance 44

4.6 Quantification of the Effects at Priority Level 45

Financial Plan 49

Partnership, Regional Monitoring Committee, Monitoring and Evaluation 51

6.1 Partnership 52

6.2 Monitoring Indicators 53

6.2.1 Context Indicators 53

6.2.2 Principal Indicators 53

6.2.3 Measure Indicators 54

6.2.4 Indicators for the Allocation of Performance-Tied Reserves 54

6.3 Evaluation Activities 55

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Introduction

The year 2000 saw the start of a newassistance period in the European struc-tural policies which have been realignedon the basis of Agenda 2000. In thecourse of this seven-year assistanceperiod, from 2000 – 2006, the FederalLand of Bremen will continue to receiveEuropean funding as part of theObjective-2-Programme to support theeconomic and social redevelopment ofareas with structural problems. Thesesupport funds will benefit not only theentire city of Bremerhaven (populationapprox. 127,000), but also parts of thecity of Bremen (affecting a populationof approx. 220,000). The area desig-nated for assistance in Bremen itself issmaller than in the past, when a popu-lation of almost 300,000 was registeredfor the relevant area. Despite thatreduction, however, the cuts for theFederal Land of Bremen are still belowaverage. At around E16 million perannum, the financial assistance is stillhigher than the figure for 1994 – 1999.The total volume of funds provided for2000 – 2006 thus amounts to approx.E113 million. The Federal Land ofBremen is obliged to provide co-financ-ing of at least the same extent, so thattotal resources of approx. E226 mil-lion are available for the measures ofthe Objective-2-Programme.

The primary objective of this EU sup-port in the Federal Land of Bremen is tosafeguard existing jobs and create newones. This can only be achieved byestablishing a competitive economicstructure. The Single ProgrammingDocument (SPD) for Bremen (2000 –2006) concentrates on those areas

which are deemed to have the greatestregional potential, e. g. redevelopmentof derelict land, promotion of tourism,and the promotion of application-ori-ented environmental technologies. Onthe one hand, this ensures continuity ofBremen's Objective-2 support duringthe 1994 – 1999 period, while simulta-neously setting new priorities in the sector of regional assistance. This in-cludes in particular the increasinglyimportant role played by the ”informa-tion society“. The new Objective-2 Pro-gramme also places great emphasis onproviding support for new businesses.Finally – as a consequence of the newstructural fund regulations – support forurban development, which was pre-viously covered only by the Communityinitiative URBAN, has now been inte-grated in the Objective-2-Programme.

Under the new structural fund regu-lations, more attention is to be given infuture to the aspects of equal opportu-nities and environmental protection.This involves devising specific measuresfor those sectors and also integratingthese components as cross-sectionalobjectives in the overall support pro-grammes.

As in the past, the support providedby Bremen within the framework of theObjective-2-Programme ties in per-fectly with the other activities effectedin its structural policies, which are focused and implemented within thescope of the following programmes:Wirtschaftsstrukturpolitisches Aktions-programm (WAP) [structural policyaction programme], Beschäftigungs-politisches Aktionsprogramm (BAP)[employment action programme] andInvestitionssonderprogramm (ISP), thespecial investment programme laun-ched to consolidate Bremen's budget(ISP).

Contrary to the past, however, thecurrent Objective-2-Programme hasbeen devised as a monofund pro-gramme, i. e. it is financed solely fromthe European Regional Development

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Fund (ERDF). The effective inter-meshing of economic structural policiesand labour market policies, however,retains its central role. Objective-2assistance and Objective-3 assistance,which form the frame of reference forall action to be taken in the interests of human resources, are consequentlyclosely coordinated.

The programming document hasundergone ex-ante evaluation, conduct-ed by an independent expert. TheObjective-2-Programme will be imple-mented in close cooperation with theCommission and Federal Germangovernment, in consultation with all theregional players involved in theObjective-2-Programme. These includefirst and foremost the economic andsocial partners in the Federal Land ofBremen, who participate in the work ofthe Regional Monitoring Committeewhich was officially constituted in May2001 in accordance with the provisionsof the structural fund council regula-tion.

1Description of the Initial Situation

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1.1The Objective-2 Assisted Region

In the course of the internal Germannegotiations for allocation of theGerman Objective-2 funds, a ceiling ofa maximum population of 347,650 wasset for the Federal Land of Bremen,based on the level of need which hadbeen established. This was derivedwithin the national context on the basisof the criteria stated in the Joint Pro-gramme “Improving the regional eco-nomic structure”.

Bremen's Objective-2 assisted areaencompasses approx. 51 % of the totalpopulation of the Federal Land. Theenclosed map and tabular summaryshow the boundaries of the assistedarea.

In view of its immense structuraldeficits, the city of Bremerhaven satis-fies the “hard” criteria for admission tothe Objective-2 assisted region. Onlysome parts of the city of Bremen, on theother hand, can be designated eligibleareas. These parts of the city also con-tain the majority of Bremen's typicalconventional industries, i. e. in particularshipyards (in the north of Bremen) andsteel production (in the west of Bremen)as well as the industrial ports of the cityof Bremen, the importance of which has also suffered a drastic decrease.The area participating in the pro-gramme also includes many derelictsites in that connection which are ear-marked for reconstruction under thenew Objective-2-Programme for botheconomic and ecological reasons.

It should also be noted that in bothBremerhaven and the city of Bremen,one district from the regular assistedregion is simultaneously to serve as anassisted urban district. The new Ob-jective-2-Programme includes a sepa-rate assistance priority in that respect.The two districts concerned addition-ally satisfy the criteria specified inArticle 4 Section (7) of CouncilRegulation (EC) No. 1260/1999: inother words, they are densely populat-ed districts which have a long-termunemployment rate which is higherthan the Community average and/orthey have inadequate living conditions.

The Federal Land of Bremen covers atotal area of 404 km2; the city ofBremen accounts for 318 km2 of thattotal, Bremerhaven 86 km2. TheObjective-2 area refers to approx. 61 %of that figure (160 km2 in Bremen city,86 km2 in Bremerhaven).

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1Objective-2 Assisted Region in the Federal Land of Bremen from 2000 to 2006

City of Bremen

City of Bremerhaven

City of BremenCentral Bremen

Ports DistrictHandelshäfenIndustriehäfenStadtbrem. ÜberseehäfenNeustädter HafenHohentorshafen

South Bremen

Neustadt DistrictNeuenlandHuckelriede

Obervieland DistrictHabenhausen

Huchting DistrictMittelshuchtingSodenmattKirchhuchtingGrolland

Woltmershausen DistrictWoltmershausenRablinghausenSeehausenStrom

West Bremen

Walle DistrictUtbremenSteffenswegWestendWalleOsterfeuerbergHohweg

Gröpelingen DistrictLindenhofGröpelingenOhlenhofIn den WischenOslebshausen

East Bremen

Hemelingen DistrictHemelingen

North Bremen

Burglesum DistrictBurg-GrambkeWerderlandSankt Magnus

Vegesack DistrictVegesackGrohnSchönebeckAumund-HammersbeckFähr-Lobbendorf

Blumenthal DistrictBlumenthalRönnebeckLüssum-BockhornFargeRekum

City of BremerhavenThe entire city of Bremerhavenis an Objective-2 assisted area

Urban Areas in Difficulty

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1.2Socio-Economic Analysis

Economic Situation in Bremen

Between 1990 and 1999, the popu-lation in the Federal Land of Bremendecreased by 1.8 %, which can essen-tially be attributed to migration to thesurrounding area. The overall economicdevelopment for that period was notonly lower than the national average,but also remained below that of com-parable locations. Nevertheless, thelatest gross domestic product andinvestment activities provide groundsfor optimism, as the figures have risensteadily since 1996, in some cases withtrends which are divergent to the ref-erence locations.

Labour Market

In relation to the area of former WestGermany, the Federal Land of Bremenholds an outstanding negative positionas far as unemployment is concerned.In 1999, no other West German Landmatched the annual average of Bre-men's unemployment rate of 15.8 %. Itcan be noted that during the periodfrom 1990 to 1999, unemployment inBremen rose by 2.3 percentage points,in keeping with the national trend. Inthe Federal Land of Bremen, the city ofBremen has a far lower unemploymentrate than Bremerhaven (1999: 14.9 %in Bremen compared with 19.5 % inBremerhaven)1).

Gainful Employment

There are still problematic areas as a result of the structural changes. Be-tween 1991 and 1999, gainful employ-

ment in the Federal Land of Bremendecreased by 6.7 %. During that sameperiod, employment in the area of for-mer West Germany decreased by1.9 %. The employment trend corre-lates positively with the aforesaid popu-lation development, i. e. a drop in popu-lation also causes a decrease in gainfulemployment.

Selected Sectoral Aspects

A decisive factor for the drop in gain-ful employment in the Federal Land ofBremen is the development in themanufacturing industry, or secondarysector. Between 1990 and 1998, morethan 70 % of the regional loss ofemployment affected the manufac-turing industry. At the same time,employment in the sector of other ser-vices increased. However, the heteroge-neous growth of the entire tertiary sec-tor in Bremen will not be sufficient tocompensate for the loss of jobs in othersectors2).

Although the sectoral structure ofthe Federal Land of Bremen is compara-ble with that of other former industrialregions, the degree of tertiarisation stilllags behind most of the other referenceregions, so that this sector can reason-ably be assumed to harbour growthpotential. Tourism, in particular, playsan increasingly important role.

As in other regions with a high pro-portion of conventional industry, theeconomy in the Federal Land of Brementends to show a large-scale enterprisestructure. Moreover, Bremen has a dis-proportionately low share of small andmedium-sized enterprises; such compa-nies are considered flexible and adapta-ble, and generally have a high employ-ment intensity factor 3).

1) Registered unemployed based on wage and salary earners, average for the year. Source: Federal Labour Office

2) Cf. also report on the labour market situation and labour market policies in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (1998), P. 18f.

3) Cf. von Gleich, A. (1991), Sanfte Biotechnologien in der Region Bremen, P. 121

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1Selected Aspects of Structural Development

At the present moment, there is noacute shortage of industrial sites in theFederal Land of Bremen. However, afar-sighted, demand-oriented industrialsite policy is essential to ensure thathigh-quality trade and industrial sitescan be provided for different targetgroups in future. In a city-state likeBremen, the revitalisation of existingsites is of crucial importance, eventhough it is far more expensive than thedevelopment of new sites.

In the field of research and develop-ment, Bremen is one of the leadinglocations in the north-west of Germanyand boasts competitive corporate struc-tures thanks to its intense vocationaltraining activities and positive divisionof labour in terms of function and loca-tion. An analysis of R&D developmentsreveals a decline in activities in that sec-tor in Bremen between 1991 and 1997:this could lead to a reduction in R&Dstructures in the Land and thus weakenBremen's position as a business loca-tion. Declining corporate R&D activitiesalso reduce the capacity for product andprocess innovation and thus bringabout competitive disadvantages forthe regional economy.

Aspects of Urban Development

As a conventional industrial regionwhich is currently in the throes of aradical restructuring process, certain,clearly delineated districts in the Land of Bremen have a high concentration of negative socio-economic featureswhich are reflected in a lack of econom-ic prospects, low income and poorquality of life for the inhabitants ofthese districts. This is true both of

Bremen itself and also of Bremerhaven.It is proving extremely difficult for theFederal Land of Bremen to tackle theproblems in these districts exclusivelywith its own resources as Bremen is cur-rently making extreme financial andpolitical efforts to compensate for itssectoral losses (e. g. shipbuilding), toovercome its one-sided industrial orien-tation and to remedy the deficits in theservice sector.

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1.3Environmental Analysis

48 % of the 32,663 hectares of localcommunity area in the city of Bremenrefer to settlement and traffic areas inthe stricter sense. On the other hand,Bremen has almost 26 hectares of recre-ational, agricultural and forest areas percapita and thus by far the largest areaavailable for leisure and recreation com-pared with other large cities. It is worthnoting that Bremen has the healthiesttrees of all regions in Germany.

In Bremerhaven, there are twonature reserves which cover a total of approx. 16 ha, corresponding to a0.24 % share of the total area. The cityof Bremen has 15 nature reserves cover-ing an area of roughly 1,890 ha, cor-responding to an almost 6 % share ofthe total area of the Land. Bremen alsohas two designated landscape protec-tion areas with a total area of 8,976 ha,which corresponds to 22 % of its totalarea.

Water pollution can be classified aslargely unproblematic. Nor is there anyabove average soil pollution in theFederal Land of Bremen. The air qualityremains clearly below the limits speci-fied in the German Clean Air Act.

In view of the approx. 4 % rise in thequantity of hazardous waste between1991 – 1997, the Federal Land ofBremen has set itself the target of advis-ing companies on the avoidance andmanagement of waste which requiresspecial monitoring, and enjoys the sup-port of the various economic chambersin Bremen in that respect.

One of the major aims of the BremenSenate's energy policies is to reduce theemission of CO2 in the Federal Land ofBremen. Suitable methods of doing soinclude in particular the more efficientuse of fossil energy supplies and theincreasing use of renewable energysources.

The redevelopment of contaminatedindustrial locations, many of whichhave good infrastructure conditions,but have so far lain derelict or remainedunderused, is vital in Bremen – otherthan in those Federal Laender whichhave an extensive surface area. The nec-essary structural changes cannot beeffected without the revitalisation ofthese sites inside Bremen's own bound-aries. Redevelopment in this case isaimed at optimum exploitation of exist-ing land resources, restructuring exist-ing key industrial sectors, revitalisingformer industrial locations for theimplementation of high-investmentprojects as part of the ISP, and the elim-ination of environmental risks andinvestment obstacles resulting fromcontamination.

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1.4Analysis of Equal CareerOpportunities for Womenand Men and of ProblemGroups in the LabourMarket

Employment and Labour MarketSituation for Women in the Federal Land of Bremen

In 1998, 41.5 % of the total work-force in the Federal Land of Bremenwere women. Part-time jobs amountedto 15.1 % of all jobs, and approx. 88 %of part-time jobs were held by women.

There is a particularly high propor-tion of women in organisations with anon-profit character (65 %) and in theservice sector, the most employment-intensive branch of industry (approx.62 %). A quarter of all gainfully em-ployed persons in the service sectorworks part-time, and 87 % of thesepart-time employees are women.

Between 1994 and 1997, the num-ber of employed dropped by 5.3 % as a whole. The decrease in the number of female employees, at 5.1 %, wasslightly below average. Part-timeemployment, on the other hand,showed a sharp increase of 6.3 %,which can be attributed predominantlyto the increase in the number of part-time jobs held by men. With the excep-tion of the service sector and non-profitorganisations/private households, thenumber of employed dropped in all sec-tors of industry.

In 1998, male unemployment in theFederal Land of Bremen was higherthan the rate for women, which at9.8 % fell slightly below the averageunemployment rate for women in thewest of Germany (10 %). This was nodoubt due to the reduction in jobs inthe manufacturing industry, in particu-lar in shipbuilding, which affectedmainly male employees. However, itshould be noted that these figurescould conceal comparatively high hid-den reserves. In the period between1994 and 1998, female unemploymentwas down on the previous year only inthe year 1998. In the other years in thatperiod, the number of unemployedwomen rose steadily.

Even although the decline in unem-ployment in 1998 was higher in westGermany as a whole than it was inBremen, at national level, men bene-fited to a greater extent than women –other than in Bremen – from the drop inunemployment figures.

The number of self-employed in theFederal Land of Bremen in 1998 wasbelow the figures for the whole ofGermany. A comparison of the share ofself-employed women in Bremen withGermany as a whole also shows abelow-average proportion.

Comparison of the Development ofProblem Groups in the Labour Market

The share of problem groups ofyoung unemployed and unemployedwomen, both in the Federal Land ofBremen and on a national level, rosecontinuously from 1995 to 1997, con-trary to the trend in the EuropeanUnion. At the time of the survey in1998, the rate of young unemployedwas highest in Bremerhaven, at 11.3 %compared with 10.4 % in the city ofBremen and 9.9 % in west Germany.The share of older unemployed of thetotal unemployment rate in the two-city state was 18.7 %, and thus belowthat of Germany as a whole, which was24.8 %. On the other hand, the higher

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1proportion of long-term unemployment(40 % in the Federal Land of Bremencompared with 37 % in the area of for-mer West Germany) is indicative of thespecial structural problems of the region-al labour market.

The reduction of industrial jobs in themanufacturing industry has a strongereffect on foreign employees than onother groups of the workforce. Thepopulation in former conventionalindustrial regions (typical Objective-2regions) also shows an above averageproportion of foreigners, many ofwhom have settled in specific districtsof the conurbation centres. The compar-atively low proportion of foreign unem-ployed in the city of Bremerhaven canbe attributed to the low incidence oflarge-scale industrial enterprises. In thecity of Bremen, such companies havetraditionally played a more importantrole, so that this problem group conse-quently accounts for 18.3 %, a figurewhich is 3.5 percentage points higher inthe city of Bremen than it is inBremerhaven.

The employment rates in the FederalLand of Bremen in 1998 were lowerthan those of Germany as a whole.Amongst other things, this is due tocore/periphery migration of the em-ployed population, which lowers theemployment rate in the central districtsand raises it in the area surroundingBremen.

As a whole, it can be stated that although unemployment in the city ofBremen is at an absolutely high levelcompared with other conurbations, it isnevertheless still within reasonablebounds, whereas the situation in theseaport of Bremerhaven is far more critical.

Weaknesses

D Gradual decrease in population D Comparatively low growth in

added value D Comparatively weak growth in

productivity D Decline in endogenous

investments in fixed assetsD Below average number of small

and medium-sized enterprisesD Above average rise in

unemployment D Loss of employment opportunities

Threats

D Dependency on individual sectorsof industry (e. g. automobile construction)

D Large-scale enterprise structures

Strengths

D Competitive manufacturingindustry (in particular automobileconstruction, aerospace) with highturnover generated in othercountries

Opportunities

D Better investment climate thanksto ISP (= Special Investment Programme)

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1.5SWOT 4) Analysis of the Regional Economy

Economic Structure

4) SWOT = Strengths and Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats

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1Strengths

D Increase in the workforceemployed in automobile andaircraft construction

Opportunities

D Growth potential in tourism

Weaknesses

D Severe problems in conventionalindustrial sectors (particularly shipbuilding)

D Insufficient growth in the tertiarysector

D Divergent development (compared with area of formerWest Germany) from certainsegments of the service sector

D Below average growth in thecorporate service sector

Threats

D Further job losses owing to weakgrowth in the service sector

Aspects of the Sectoral Structure

Strengths

D Institutional mechanisms for qualifying R&D personnel (university/colleges, scientific institutes)

D Extra-university research institutes D Industries with intensive R&D

(aerospace)D High proportion of qualified

employees D Positive division of labour in terms

of function and location

Opportunities

D Technology and qualification infrastructure/technology transferboost innovative strength

D Technology and qualification infrastructure boosts regional areas of competence

Weaknesses

D Comparatively strong decrease inR&D personnel in the regionaleconomy

D Decreasing internal R&Dexpenditure

D In view of the regionalrequirement situation, there arestill gaps in the availabletechnology and qualificationinfrastructure

Threats

D Competitive position of theregional economy is weakened as a result of declining R&D activities

Technology and Innovation, Qualification Infrastructure

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1Strengths

D Commercial and industrial site programme aimed at specified target groups

D Bremen has an advantage in intermodal transport sector(commodity distribution centre)

D Sufficient industrial sites

Opportunities

D Synergy effects in key locations D Provision of inexpensive premises

for founders of new businesses D Linking service locations with

attractive residential environment(revitalisation of dock areas)

Weaknesses

D Limited availability of greenfield sites

D Relatively isolated position in terms of inter-regional market potential

D Bottlenecks in city-centre connection of commercial/industrial sites

D Poor “soft” locational factors for Bremerhaven

Threats

D Relatively poor development ofcorporate services, especially inBremerhaven

D Lack of investments/migration ofbusinesses to surrounding areaowing to sluggish developments

D Conflicts with other usage owing to general scarcity of land

Commercial and Industrial Sites

Strengths

D Relatively high proportion ofleisure recreational areas comparedwith other cities

D Attractive scenery in surroundingarea (North Sea, moorland, sandyuplands)

D Environmental engineeringexpertise (e.g. sewage disposal)

D Innovative subsidy programmes inthe field of industrial environmentengineering

Opportunities

D Expansion of environmental infrastructure to strengthenBremen's image as innovative location

D Revitalisation of old industrial locations and port areas for newtrade and industrial use and newurban development concepts

Weaknesses

D Some polluted former industriallocations and former port districts

D Despite recent improvements, stillbacklog in sector of preventiveenvironmental protection

Threats

D Consumption of open spacesowing to general scarcity of land

Environment

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1Strengths

D High qualification level in somesectors, in particular of younger women

Opportunities

D Job potential in service sector D Targeted support for

women founding new businesses

Weaknesses

D Below average share of workforce D High female unemployment rateD Decline in part-time employment D Relatively few independent

businesswomen in comparisonwith area of former West Germany

Threats

D Continuing weak growth in service sector

Equal Opportunities

Strengths

D Workforce potential in thedifferent parts of the city

Opportunities

D Economic strength increased byintegrated projects for economicdevelopment and labour marketpolicies

Weaknesses

D High unemployment rate, particularly in problem groups

D High proportion of population on social security

D Unattractive environment

Threats

D Further social segregationD Lack of investors as a consequence

of poor image

Urban Areas in Difficulty

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1Conclusion

The foregoing analyses have shownthat the Federal Land of Bremen stillholds a poor competitive position inboth economic and structural terms. Onthe other hand, it also has potential andopportunities which can be exploited inthe interests of successful restructuring.Based on the analysis of the startingconditions, the following sectors can bedeemed as of particular relevance forthe regional restructuring process:

D Increasing regional investmentactivities with the aim of creatingcompetitive, diversified economicstructures;

D as part of that process,strengthening the service sector, inorder to exploit the existing growthand employment potential;

D ongoing promotion of innovationand technology including humanresources, on the one hand toconsolidate and expand regionalcompetencies, on the other hand tomake the most of the opportunitiesavailable in the information societyas cross-section technology of thecoming years;

D continuing consolidation ofbusiness-oriented infrastructure, inparticular by putting derelict sites tonew use and thus creating a high-quality business location;

D paying more attention to theopportunities of environmentprotection in the interests of anactive strategy aimed atsustainability;

D better integration of economicallydisadvantaged groups in theeconomic process to raise equalopportunities, prevent isolation andsegregation, and – in particular inurban areas in difficulty – open upnew future prospects.

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Experience from the Preceding Assistance Period

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5) BAW Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH (2000): Erste Evaluierungsbilanz zu den ERDF-Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Ziel-2-Förderung (1994 – 1999) insbesondere der Phase III (1994 – 1996) im Land Bremen, Regionalwirtschaftliche Studien 16, Bremen

6) Ibid, P. 223

2.Experience from thePreceding Assistance Period

The assistance provided in the scopeof the Objective-2-Programme had –and still has – innovative effects on theregional economy, such as the realign-ment of certain programmes devised bythe Federal Land of Bremen. Re-commendations for the assistanceperiod 2000 – 2006 tend towards con-centrating single-business investmentsupport, and strengthening the Co-hesion Fund (joint projects by the eco-nomic and labour departments) and theaspects of support for new businessesand disadvantaged areas.

The discussion and implementationof the experience acquired in the courseof the previous assistance periods arebased on the “Initial Evaluation Reporton the ERDF Measures in the Scope ofObjective-2 Support (1994 – 1999), inparticular of Phase III (1994 – 1996) inthe Federal Land of Bremen”5), pre-pared in 1999 by BAW Institut fürWirtschaftsforschung GmbH [Instituteof Economic Research]. A microeco-nomic analysis conducted as part ofthat evaluation project came to theconclusion that the intended effects ofthe programme (such as strengtheningthe competitiveness of the companies,increasing the region's attractivenessfor tourists, improving the environmen-tal situation, raising locational quality)could be achieved with Bremen'sObjective-2 support. “The interactionbetween the measures effected in theObjective-2-Programme has contrib-uted amongst other things to the

redevelopment of land to create asuitable environment for the founda-tion and location of business enter-prises, to develop and apply new tech-nologies in the enterprises, to tap intonew sales markets and thus raise theproductivity and competitiveness oflocal enterprises and also to attractadditional day trippers and overnightvisitors to the region.”6)

Owing to its exceptional structuralweakness, Bremerhaven received 32 %,i. e. DM 38 million of the supportfunds. In terms of the number of inhab-itants in proportion to the entire popu-lation of the Objective-2 area, the sea-port of Bremerhaven thus re-ceived adisproportionately large share. All in all,Phase III of Bremen's Objective-2Programme has achieved a direct effecton the labour market of approx. 1640saved and newly created jobs.

3Objectives and Strategy of the Programme

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3.1Objectives of the Programme

On the basis of the relevant sectorsstipulated in Chapter 1.5, Bremen'sObjective-2-Programme 2000 – 2006therefore has the following umbrellaobjective: to promote economicstrength, competitiveness, innovationand employment in the region. Thisglobal objective corresponds with theregional development strategies set bythe economic structural and labourmarket policies as a whole. It also high-lights certain areas which are to begiven special emphasis under the EUstructural policies during the assistanceperiod 2000 – 2006. This includes sup-port for small and medium-sized enter-prises, development of the informationsociety, and paying due attention toequal opportunities and the principle ofsustainable development, including theinterests of environmental protectionand improvement.

In the form of a pyramid of objec-tives, in addition to this global objec-tive, there are also interim objectives,which are given concrete shape in theform of specific objectives. These serveas the basis for deriving the prioritiesand measures of the programme atoperational level. All these objectiveshave also been allocated cross-sectionalobjectives the implementation of whichshould always be immanent in the spe-cific objectives. The interim objectivesprovide the basis for deriving the func-tional breakdown of the programmeand enables a rough division of the dif-ferent support sectors.

Due attention should be given to therequirements of the cross-sectionaltasks of sustainable development, envi-ronment protection and equal opportu-nities on the one hand by defining spe-cific objectives (and measures). On theother hand, they are also firmly an-chored as horizontal objectives in allother priorities of the programme. Theprogramme objectives are also speciallyaligned to promoting the innovativeability of the regional infrastructure andbusiness enterprises. As the socio-eco-nomic analysis shows, those R&D orient-ed infrastructure measures which havealready been introduced should beintensified in order to encourage region-al trade and industry to aim for innova-tive products and processes as a meansof strengthening their competitive posi-tion.

D

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Objective-2-Programme Bremen 2000 – 2006: Objective Structure

Sustainable Promotion of Economic Strength, Competitiveness,Innovation and Employment in the Region

Cross-sectional objectives: promoting regional innovation potential, environmental protection,equal opportunities and employment

Diversifying theregional

economicstructure by

increasing privateinvestment

D Strengtheningcompetitive-ness of SMEs

D Increasing thenumber of innovative newbusinesses

D Promoting theinformationsociety

D Expanding R&Dinfrastructureand promotingtechnologytransfer

D Promotingtourism bymeans ofinfrastructural measures

DDeveloping newservices

D Promoting appliedenvironmentaltechnologies

DContributing tosupport forregional andinnovativeenviron. projects

DContributing toenvironmentalprotection byloweringconsumption ofopen spaces

D Promotion ofactivities in theindividualdistricts

D Improving thesocial situationof thepopulation

D Innovativemeasures forurbandevelopment

DOptimuminterlinking ofregionaleconomic andlabour marketpolicies

D Promoting innovativeapproaches ineconomicstructural policies

Strengtheningthe service

sector in certainareas, boostingreg. innovative

capacity

Strengtheningenvir. protection

andsustainability

aspect

Improvingeconomic andsocial situation

of certainurban areas in

difficulty

Promoting newapproaches in

regionaleconomicstructuralpolicies

D DD

D

DDD

DD

The ex-ante assessment7) of thedraft for the Single ProgrammingDocument (SPD) forecasts that theObjective-2-Programme 2000 – 2006will generate additionally inducedregional GDP of around 0.25 %, whichis linked to direct job effects for theregional economy to a limited extentonly.

The aggregation of the anticipatedeffects, based on empirical values fromprevious Objective-2-programmes andavailable project outlines for the

Objective-2-Programme 2000 – 2006enables the deduction that it will bepossible to create 500 – 800 additionaljobs and save 2000 – 2500 existingjobs in the assisted area. Within thatscope, incentive will also be providedfor the foundation of 75 – 130 newbusinesses and approx. 30 – 40 hec-tares of top-quality sites developed forservice enterprises and industry.

7) MR Regionalberatung (2000). Ex-ante Evaluierung zum EPPD Ziel-2 des Landes Bremen,Delmenhorst

Glob

alob

ject

ives

Inte

rim

obj

ecti

ves

Spec

ific

obj

ecti

ves

23

3

8) BAW Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung GmbH (2000): Erste Evaluierungsbilanz zu den ERDF-Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Ziel-2-Förderung (1994 – 1999) insbesondere der Phase III (1994 – 1996) im Land Bremen, Regionalwirtschaftliche Studien 16, Bremen

9) Ibid10) Schönert/Willms (2000): Medienwirtschaft in deutschen Großstädten. Entwicklungstendenzen und

Beschäftigungspotenziale, Bremen (BAW monthly report)

3.2Strategy of the Programme

The strategy and objectives of theprogramme take into account sugges-tions arising from the Evaluation of thepreceding assistance period8). The pro-visional final assessment9) of Bremen'sObjective-2-programmes for the years1994 – 1999, for instance, providedinformation and recommendations forchanges and placing new emphasis. It isconsidered advisable, for example, toconcentrate the support of individualenterprises into one focal point andprovide more support for the founda-tion of new businesses. These demandsare largely met by the first priority ofthe programme, “Diversifying the eco-nomic structure”. Further incentiveshould be provided for private invest-ment activities in the form of directfinancial assistance for companies andfor the founders of new businesses.Corporate support in the sector of envi-ronmental technology is, however, allo-cated to the third priority, which is dedi-cated to the corresponding topics ofenvironmental protection and landredevelopment.

It was also recommended that thelabour market and employment policyobjectives should be more clearly linkedwith the priorities of the Objective-3Programme. In the Objective-2-Pro-gramme 2000 – 2006, this will be done in that the programme sector“Strengthening the Service Sector” willpay particular attention to the interestsof Bremen's labour market policies,amongst other things by investing ininfrastructure projects for the qualifica-tion sector. Vice versa, the Objective-3

Programme will complement the focalpoints of the Objective-2-Programmein the form of corresponding qualifica-tion projects.

During assistance period 1994 –1999, the Federal Land of Bremenacquired good experience with the inte-grated approach of structural fundfinancing for disadvantaged districts inthe Community initiative URBAN(Gröpelingen) and the “Urban PilotProjects” (Article 10, ERDF CouncilRegulation) (“Multifunctional ServiceCentre” in Bremerhaven-Grünhöfe).These initial projects are to be contin-ued and expanded as part of theObjective-2-Programme, thus imple-menting another recommendation ofthe provisional final report. Anotheritem pointed out by the evaluationreport refers to the stronger concentra-tion of intervention measures in the“Restoration/redevelopment of land”.In future, this will counteract allocationproblems which have occurred in prac-tice by focussing the correspondingprojects.

In the interests of promoting theregional information society and theLand of Bremen as a media location, theobjective is to develop new economicfields of application and spheres of usein the sectors of information, communi-cation and multimedia technologies and to exploit their regional employ-ment potential. Initial assessments onthat subject10) are already available as aconceptional framework for a regionalinitiative aimed at encouraging all sec-tors of the population and all sectors ofthe economy to make intensive use ofthe media in the interests of promotingthe regional knowledge and informa-tion society, and thus to boost the loca-tional assets and growth potential, par-ticularly in the field of information andcommunication technologies.

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3

3.3Cohesion with Regional,National and EuropeanPolicies

The Objective-2-Programme forBremen and Bremerhaven has closepolitical, thematic and financial linkswith those regional and national strate-gies and programmes which pursuesimilar objectives. At Federal Land level,it is integrated in the Wirtschafts-strukturpolitisches Aktionsprogramm(WAP) [structural policy action pro-gramme], the Investitionssonderpro-gramm [special investment programme]and the BeschäftigungspolitischesAktionsprogramm (BAP) [employmentaction programme]. At national level, itis coherent with the Joint Programmefor “Improving the regional economicstructure” (JP). The individual enter-prise intervention of the Objective-2-Programme is effected in accordancewith the JP regulations in the versionapproved by the European Commissionunder aid law. This is also true ofBremen's Landesinvestitionsprogramm(LIP) [Land investment programme],the objectives and regulations of whichare in line with JP support.

The relation to European policies isensured inasmuch as the competitivepolicies, employment policies, environ-ment policies and equal opportunitiespolicies of the EU have all been ob-served in the planning and implementa-tion of the Objective-2-Programme.

There are also synergies with the otherEU structural fund interventionmeasures for the region, in particularthose of the European Social Fund inthe scope of the Objective-3-Programme, which will consolidate theanticipated effects.

4Priorities and Measures of the Objective-2-Programme

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4

4.Priorities and Measures ofthe Objective-2-Programme

Bremen's new Objective-2-Pro-gramme for the assistance period 2000 – 2006 focuses on four priorities,each of which includes correspondingand integrated packages of measuresand projects. These four key develop-ment points derive from the socio-eco-nomic analysis and the developmentstrategy; their internal and externalcohesion and also their suitability forachieving the set objectives have allbeen reviewed in the course of an ex-ante evaluation.

When drawing up these four priori-ties, due consideration was paid to theexperience acquired with regional struc-tural policies in the Federal Land ofBremen, in particular the knowledgegained from the four Objective-2-Programmes effected in the period1989 to 1999. On the other hand, thespecific economic challenges facing theregion as from the year 2000 – such askeener competition on completion ofthe single European market and cur-rency union, increasing competitionbetween business locations followingthe foreseeable integration of the coun-tries of central and eastern Europe, andthe technological evolution into aninformation society – have led to chan-ges in the programme structure. Thereform of the structural fund has alsobeen seen as a chance to tread newprogrammatic ground: this includes, forexample, including urban support as anew priority of the Objective-2-Programme (Priority 4), or the inter-programme integration of ESF assist-ance provided within the scope of the

new Objective-3 Programme, or theexplicitly permissible option of pro-viding assistance for studies and pilotprojects, especially in the sectors ofequal opportunities, environment andculture, within the scope of TechnicalAssistance.

In addition to its programmaticdevelopments, however, Bremen's newObjective-2-Programme also showscontinuity and follows on from the previous priorities and focal points wherever this is recommended by theevaluation.

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4

Objective-2-Programme for Bremen and Bremerhaven 2000 – 2006

Diversifying theEconomicStructure

Financial assistancefor SMEs (JP, LIP)

Promoting theinformation

society

Promoting applica-tion-oriented envi-ronmental techno-

logies (PFAU)

Stimulatingeconomicactivities

Innovative Start-ups

Technology-oriented

institutions/technology transfer

Infrastructure projects in the

environment sector

Districtdevelopment

Promoting tourism

Equal Opportunities / Environmental Protection / SME-Orientation / Technology Orientation

Redevelopment of derelict land

Revitalising district centres

Evaluation, technical

assistance, studies

Strengtheningthe Service

Sector

EnvironmentalProtection, LandRedevelopment

Urban Areas inDifficulty

TechnicalAssistance

D D D DD

New services/Cohesion projects

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4

4.1Priority 1:Diversifying the EconomicStructure

The structural change in convention-al industrial regional economies is stra-tegically dependent on simultaneouslydiversifying and modernising the eco-nomic structure if it is to be sustainableover the long term. In that respect, pri-vate enterprises and the investmentsthey make play a crucial role. To a cer-tain extent, these investments can beeffected only when public financialincentives are offered, or in conjunctionwith such incentives. Bremen'sObjective-2-Programme for the newassistance period, in continuity with thepreceding programmes, features apackage of measures aimed at such adevelopment as its first priority.

This involves a combination of thetwo support programmes which areaimed at private enterprises and at thefounders of new businesses. Measure1.1 refers primarily to financial assist-ance for small and medium-sized enter-prises (SME). The Landesinvesti-tionsprogramm (LIP) [Land investmentprogramme] is available exclusively forSMEs pursuant to the definition of theEuropean Commission11). In the pastthe Federal Land of Bremen allocatedby far the greater part of assistanceavailable for companies under thenational Joint Programme for “Improv-ing the Regional Economic Structure”(JP) to SMEs. Such assistance can beprovided only in areas which are eligiblefor regional support in accordance withthe individual JP framework plan asvalid from time to time and approved

under competition law. Assistance forcompanies in this Objective-2-Pro-gramme pursuant to the JP regulationsis restricted to such an extent that it canbe claimed only by companies with aworkforce of 500 employees or lower.

Measure 1.2 involves a new instru-ment which provides targeted supportfor new businesses founded by univer-sity graduates in promising sectors ofindustry.

11) European Commission recommendation of 03. 04. 1996 on the definition of small and medium-sizedenterprises, Official Journal of the European Communities No. L 107/4 of 30. 04. 1996

Measure 1.1: Financial Assistance for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SME)

Objectives and D Diversifying and modernising the regional economic structure by increasingContents private investment

D Investment aid for SMEs on the basis of the regulations of the JointProgramme (“Improving the Regional Economic Structure”) and the LIP (Land Investment Programme)

Sphere of Intervention 161

Support Volume E 16.976 million (= 7.5 % of programme volume)

Action Eligible for Individual corporate investment plans by SMEsSupport

Selection Criteria for D Job effects of investmentProjects D Plausibility and economic viability of project

D Contribution to diversifying the regional economic structureD Company contributes its own shareD Number of jobs created for women

End Beneficiaries D Economic development companies of the Federal Land as defined in Article 9 (l) of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1260/1999

D Subsidy recipients are in particular SMEs and in Bremerhaven also companies with a workforce of up to 500

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported companies, induced investment volume,number of newly created or saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for investments ranging from E125 – 175 million Effects in 70 – 130 companies

D Creation of 500 – 800 additional jobs D Safeguarding 2,000 – 2,500 jobs

Contribution to No environmental impact (investments must comply with currently valid Sustainability/Environ- environmental standards). Bonuses can be granted within the scope of LIP mental Protection and the Joint Programme if current environmental standards are surpassed.

Contributrion to Equal Positive effects (40 % of created/saved jobs should be for women).Opportunities Bonuses can be granted within the scope of LIP and the JP.

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Measure 1.2: Innovative Start-ups

Objectives and D Increase the businesses founded by university graduates in the regionContents in the scope of a premium-based support programme which also

includes consulting services



Action Eligible for Project-related premiums and cost of materials, Support costs of programme monitoring activities

Selection Criteria D Innovation content for Projects D Economic viability

D Plausibility of foundation ideas

D Contribution to improving the business environment,in particular strengthening the potential for new businesses

D Share of women in newly founded businesses

D Number of anticipated jobs which will be created/saved for women

D Maximum priority to projects which enable ecologically efficientmanagement by means of ecologically acceptable technologies

End Beneficiaries D Economic promotion companies which execute the programme on behalfof Bremen

D Subsidy recipients: founders of new businesses

Measure Indicators inter alia number of foundation projects supported, number of new businessesactually founded, number of jobs created, “survival rate” of the companies

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for 15 grants per annum (4 of which for women) Effects and 50 – 70 foundation projects

D Foundation of 25 – 35 new businesses

D Creation of 50 – 70 additional jobs

Contribution to No environmental impact (investments have to comply with currently validSustainability/Environ- environment standards)mental Protection Sustainability is a selection criterion for the projects

Contribution to Effects neutral to positive (40 % of jobs are to be created/Equal Opportunities saved for women).

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4.2Priority 2:Strengthening the Service Sector

Strengthening the service sector is animportant fundamental objective in allconventional industrial regions and par-ticularly so in the Federal Land ofBremen in view of the deficits statedabove, so that this objective has conse-quently been given appropriate empha-sis in Bremen's economic policies. This isreflected in the fact that it has beenaccorded a separate development prior-ity in the Objective-2-Programme,which also includes a package of meas-ures and projects which are coherentwith Bremen's other activities in thissector. The experience gained in theprevious support programmes also indi-cates the advisability of upgrading thisdevelopment priority (cf. Chapter 2).

The service sector covers a widerange of activities. As far as the ERDFactivities are concerned, at operationallevel this involves the most strongly dif-ferentiated project package in the pro-gramme. In some cases, the strategiesinitiated in the previous programmephases are continued, while in othercases these strategies serve as the basisfor highly diverse follow-up measures.It also involves the development of agreat number of new concepts and pro-ject ideas.

Analysis of the regional economyreveals special potential for the deve-lopment of the information society. TheObjective-2-Programme consequentlyincludes a separate measure for thataim, which was not yet the case in theprogramme for 1997 – 1999. In future,

particular importance will be attachedto utilisation of modern informationand communication technologies inconnection with the informationsociety. This applies particularly to theopportunities and need for cooperationbetween business enterprises on theone hand, and between the sectors ofbusiness and science on the other hand.

The “classical” technology policy willalso be continued in the form of a sepa-rate measure, although it has very closelinks to the information society. There isstill demand for “hard” infrastructuralmeasures, especially in connection withthe new technologies such as biotech-nology. In addition, the transfer ofknow-how between business andscience, as well as between differentbusiness enterprises, is also of outstand-ing importance.

As the promotion of tourism willgenerate substantial effects for theregional economy, in particular employ-ment effects, this aspect continues to begiven considerable significance.

The service sector is also of exception-al importance for the labour market forwomen, who account for a dispropor-tionately large share in that sector.Apart from that general effect, the“New Services” measure is intended todefine projects which offer an explicitand specific benefit for achieving equalopportunities for women and men.

Finally, the “Cohesion Projects withESF” have now been allocated to the“New Services” measure. These pro-jects involve a direct link between thetwo funds ERDF (Objective 2) and ESF(Objective 3) in the financing of indivi-dual projects. Past experience hasshown that this generally happens inthe service sector. However, as the po-tential for such integrated projects islimited, they have not been given thestatus of a separate priority, as in thepreceding programme. In view of itsinnovative character, this is allocated tothe heading of "New Services".

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Measure 2.1: Promoting the Information Society

Objectives and D Development of new business application sectors for information andContents communication technologies

D Achieving a regional growth rate for companies in the sectors of“Information/Communication” and “Multimedia” which is in line with the national trend

D Priority support for infrastructure measures in the sectors of logistics,commerce, aerospace and media/leisure; Federal Land programmes in that respect will be backed by ERDF funds



Actions Eliglible for Investments in infrastructure and monitoring measures Support

Selection Criteria for D Sustainability of the resources used Projects D Creation of new jobs and saving existing jobs

D Achievement of synergies with TIME 12) projects which are already supported

D Importance for location developmentD Communication of key topics to promote location marketingD Boosting regional potentialD Contribution to improving employment opportunities for womenD Potential of projects aimed at improving use of resources

End Beneficiaries D Federal Land of Bremen; D Grant recipients: economic promotion and development companies and

institutes which execute the projects on behalf of Bremen.

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported infrastructure projects, number of new businesses founded and turnover trend (according to sector), number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for 5 concepts, 4 initiatives, pilot and cooperative projects Effects and 5 investment projects

D Foundation of up to 5 new businessesD Implementation of 5 corporate cooperation projectsD Creation of 50 – 100 new jobs and saving up to 200 jobs

Contribution to No environmental impact (investments must comply with currently validSustainability/Environ- environmental standards)mental Protection

Contribution to Effects neutral to positiveEqual Opportunities

12) TIME = Telecommunications, Information Technologies, Multimedia, Entertainment

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Measure 2.2: Technology-Oriented Institutions and Technology-Transfer

Objectives and D Expansion and development of technology-oriented institutions Contents D Promoting technology transfer by means of infrastructure investments and

monitoring measures and thus boosting diversification of the regional economic structure in favour of research and development (R&D). Federal Land projects in that respect will be backed by ERDF funds.


Support Volume E 38.726 million (= 17.1% of programme volume)

Actions Eligible for Investments in infrastructure (e. g. business incubation centres) and Support monitoring measures (e. g. consulting/transfer)

Selection Criteria for D Importance for the regional economy Projects D Employment effects

D Innovation content

D Effect on diversifying the R&D sector

D “Future relevance”

D Adequate attention given to companies with high proportion of female employees

D Potential of the project for improving use of resources and energy efficiency

End Beneficiaries D Federal Land of Bremen

D Grant recipients: economic development and development companies and institutes which execute the projects on behalf of Bremen.

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported infrastructure projects and services, number of induced cooperative projects/new businesses in the R&D sector, turnovertrend (according to sector), number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for 3 technology infrastructure projectsEffects D Execution of 5 cooperative projects with up to 30 participants

D Creation of 150 – 200 new jobs (in business incubation centres)

D Saving up to 250 jobs (through transfer projects)

Contribution to No environmental impact (investments must comply with currently validSustainability/Environ- environmental standards)mental Protection

Contribution to Effects neutral (40 % of created/saved jobs should be for women)Equal Opportunities

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Measure 2.3: Promoting Tourism

Objectives and D Expansion and development of tourist infrastructure measures by means Contents of investments

D Diversifying the regional economic structure in favour of tourism. Federal Land projects in that respect will be backed by ERDF funds.


Support Volume E 31.909 million (= 14.1% of programme volume)

Actions Eligible for Investments in infrastructure and monitoring measures Support

Selection Criteria for D Importance for the regional economyProjects D Effects on regional labour market

D Contribution to environmentally and socially acceptable tourism

D Contribution to interregional cooperation (Lower Saxony/Bremen)

D Contribution to improving maritime infrastructure to promote tourism

D Indirect contribution to improving employment opportunities for women

D Economical consumption of open spaces


D Grant recipients: development companies and institutes which execute the investment projects on behalf of Bremen.

Measure Indicators D inter alia number of supported infrastructure projects and services, trend in number of visitors, overnight accommodation figures etc., number of new businesses founded and turnover trend in the tourist sector,number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for 4 infrastructure projectsEffects D Raising number of cruise tourists up to approx. 90,000 by the year 2006

D Saving up to 50 jobs (by means of infrastructure investments)

D Creation of a total of approx. 70 direct and indirect jobs

Contribution to No environmental impact (negative effects owing to increased volume Sustainability/Environ- of traffic cannot be ruled out)mental Protection

Contribution to Effects neutral (40 % of jobs created/saved should be for women)Equal Opportunities

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Measure 2.4: New Services/Cohesion Projects with the ESF

Objectives and D Development of new services with intensive employment potential Contents D Diversifying the regional economic structure in favour of this sector



Action Eligilible for Investments in infrastructure and monitoring measures Support

Selection Criteria for D Importance for regional economy Projects D Effects on and involvement of SMEs

D Effect on diversifying the regional economic structure

D Employment effects, particularly for women

D Integration of environmental aspects

End Beneficiaries D Federal Land of Bremen D Grant recipients: institutions and organisations which execute the

investment projects and monitoring measures on behalf of Bremen.

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported infrastructure projects and services, number of new businesses founded in the service sector, especially businessesfounded by women, number of new/saved jobs, especially for women

Ex-ante Quantified D Design support: support for 2 competence centres and 5 individual Effects corporate projects per annum

D Competence centres: support for 6 centres

D Women's advisory centres: support for 2 institutions and execution ofapprox. 300 consulting assignments for women per annum

D Execution of 2 cohesion projects

D 2 converted ships and approx. 5,000 visitors p. a.

D Saving up to 120 jobs

Contribution to No environmental impact (projects have to comply with environmental Sustainability/Environ- protection aspects)mental Protection

Contribution to Effects positive, as an above average number of jobs are created/saved Equal Opportunities for women in the service sector

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4.3Priority 3:Environmental Protection,Land Redevelopment

Both the old and the new RegionalFund Council Regulations contain anexpress provision for financial contribu-tion by ERDF to the protection andimprovement of the environment.

The previous Bremen Objective-2-Programmes already conformed withthat requirement. Strategic activities inthe Federal Land of Bremen to protectthe environment – in both the form ofenvironmental policies combined withlocation upgrading and improving theeconomic development conditions –consequently show continuity whichforms the basis for future activities.

As in the preceding Objective-2-Programmes 1994 – 1999, measures inthe sector of environmental protectionand land redevelopment will be treatedjointly under the heading of one prio-rity. This follows on from previous expe-rience, which has shown that the neces-sary ecological restoration of land andredevelopment in the narrower senseare clearly related in terms of both con-tents and procedures.

In the scope of Measure 3.1 it isplanned to use the funds of theObjective-2-Programme to boost theProgramme for the Promotion ofApplication-Oriented EnvironmentalTechnologies (PFAU) and thus triggerimportant additional impetus for theenvironment-technology orientation ofmedium-sized companies in Bremenand Bremerhaven.

The programme concept pursued byPFAU is directly linked to the companiesconcerned. The central aim is to createenvironmentally relevant innovativeproblem solutions from and for Bremenand simultaneously generate demand inother regions, thus maximising the salespotential for Bremen-based companiesin the environment market. In order toensure that the range offered byBremen is competitive, particular en-couragement will be given to coopera-tion between Bremen-based companieswith application-oriented research institutes.

Measure 3.2 will provide support forinter-company institutions and projectswhich play a central role for the sustain-able economic development of theregion and the provision of technologi-cal knowledge for the protection andimprovement of the environment. Theinfrastructure projects in the environ-ment sector – like the support providedby PFAU for individual companies – areextremely important for a permanent,environmentally acceptable develop-ment in view of their distinctly preven-tive and impetus-generating character.

Measure 3.3 provides support forinfrastructure projects which are aimedat boosting corporate investments andattracting new companies to Bremen byconverting industrial and other sites,e. g. former military locations, so thatthey are suitable for new types of useand diversification, and thus reducingthe consumption of more open spaces.The projects often go hand in hand withthe necessary ecological measures, inparticular decontamination. However,the restoration of contaminated sites iseligible for support only if the polluter isunknown or cannot be held legally res-ponsible for remedying the damage.

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The division into ecological land res-toration and general redevelopmentmeasures practised in the precedingassistance period will not be continuedin this programme. It was frequently thecase that the measures referred to thesame sites, so that it was then necessary

to resplit the projects into part meas-ures. This in turn made it difficult tomonitor the flow of financial resources.A further proposal made in the evalua-tion of the 1994 – 1999 period has thusalso been implemented13).

Measure 3.1: Promoting Application-Oriented Environmental Technologies (PFAU)

Objectives and D Development and support of innovative and application-orientedContents environmental protection technologies, in particular by small and

medium-sized enterprises (SME) which contribute to the technological modernisation and improvement of the regional environmental situation.

D Bremen's Programme for the Promotion of Application-OrientedEnvironmental Technologies (PFAU) is backed by ERDF funds.



Actions Eligible for Corporate investments and monitoring measures (R&D transfer/pilot plant, Support consulting, market development) in the sector of environmental

protection technologies

Selection Criteria for D Ecological and technical orientationProjects D The project generates added value for Bremen/Bremerhaven;

location-related

D Project participants contribute their own resources

D Contributes to resource and energy savings

D Contributes to reduction of emission of noxious substances

D Employment effect for women

End Beneficiaries D Federal Land economic development companies as defined in Article 9 (l)Council Regulation (EC) No. 1260/1999

D Grant recipients: especially SMEs

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported pilot and demonstration projects and othermeasures, induced investment volume, number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D 60 – 80 projects with approx. 60 – 80 new/saved jobs Effects D An average support rate of 50 % will trigger total investments amounting

to E 17 million

Contribution to Environmental impact positive as the projects are explicitly aimed at Sustainablility/Environ- improving environmental protection.mental Protection

Contribution to Effects neutral Equal Opportunities

13) BAW loc. cit.

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Objectives and D Development and support of innovative infrastructure projects in theContents environmental sector, which thus contributes to improving the regional

environment situation and diversifying the economic structure.

D Federal Land projects with the emphasis on the sectors of productinnovation, production-integrated environmental protection, recycling/waste management and designing environment-friendly traffic systems will be backed by ERDF funds.



Action of Eligible for Infrastructure investments and monitoring measures in the environmental Support sector

Selection Criteria for D Inter-company structural characterProjects D Innovation and sustainability aspects

D Cooperative projects

D Potential for improving energy efficiency and use of resources

D Regional character of the products and services

D Involvement of female employees


D Grant recipients: institutions and organisations which execute the projects on behalf of Bremen

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported infrastructure projects and follow-up measures,induced product innovations and new production facilities, newly founded businesses, number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D 3 – 5 infrastructure projects with approx. 30 – 50 indirectly created Effects additional jobs

D This will trigger approx. 10 – 12 subsequent integrated and cooperative projects and the foundation of 2 – 3 new businesses

Contribution to Environmental impact neutral to positive as projects have to takeSustainability/Environ- environmental protection aspects into account.mental Protection

Contribution to Effects neutralEqual Opportunities

Measure 3.2: Promoting Infrastructure Projects in the Environment Sector

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Objectives and D Rehabilitation of derelict, conventional industrial sites Contents D Creating the prerequisites for new economic use of these sites.

Federal Land development and investment measures in that respect will be backed by ERDF funds.



Actions Eligible for Infrastructure investments and monitoring measures in the sector Support of land redevelopment

Selection Criteria for D Marketability

Projects D Compliance with polluter-pays principle

D Contribution to intended occupancy of commercial and industrial sites for diversifying the regional economic structure

D Connections to environment friendly transport

D Minimum additional traffic incidence


D Grant recipients: development companies owned by Federal Land andorganisations which execute the projects on behalf of Bremen

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported projects and other measures, revitalised sites in hectares, induced number of company locations, number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for 6 projects

Effects D 30 – 40 hectare area for new business activities

D Indirect effect in respect of 1,500 – 3,000 new/saved jobs

Contribution to Environment impact positive as derelict sites are eligible for support and Sustainability/Environ- consequently reduce the consumption of new sitesmantal Protection


Measure 3.3: Redevelopment of Derelict Land

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4.4Priority 4:Urban Areas in Difficulty

The conversion of areas in difficultyin Bremen is tackled in the form of acoherent package of complementarymeasures which are also interlocked inthe overall concept for developmentactivities and the overall regional eco-nomic and labour market policies of theFederal Land of Bremen.

Both the integrative and demonstra-tive aspects of Bremen's urban supportconcept are reflected in a programmestructure which juxtaposes three dif-ferent sectors. The first two measuresconcentrate on plans for the district of Hemelingen in the city of Bremen,while measure sector 4.3 is completelydevoted to the district of Geestendorf inBremerhaven. Measure 4.3 breaksdown into clearly differentiated seg-ments and also involves a coherentpackage of individual activities, whichare however on a smaller scale than inthe city of Bremen.

These are joined by initial andmonitoring activities ranging fromcompetitions to workshops, cooperativeschemes and networks right through to evaluation and public relations (cf. explanatory notes on TechnicalAssistance).

The following descriptions of themeasures correspond to the currentplanning status. Changes – particularlydue to participation of the local actorsin these processes – are not only possi-ble, but in fact both probable and wel-come, in order to put the learning pro-cesses and influence of the local andsocial partners into practice.

The interlinking of investment sup-port with the direct integration of theinhabitants concerned in the labourmarket (qualification, employment, jobplacement) continues to be of centralimportance. As the current Objective-2-Programme itself, however, no longerincludes any financial participation fromthe European Social Fund (ESF), thisintegration of the ERDF and ESF fundswill now be ensured on an inter-pro-gramme basis within the scope ofObjective-3 Programme in the FederalLand of Bremen (cf. also the relevantexplanatory notes on Objective 3 in theSingle Programming Document).

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Objectives and D Support for the economic development of selected urban areas in Contents difficulty in the district of Bremen-Hemelingen.

D Redevelopment of derelict industrial sites, urban improvement and other construction measures are aimed at creating prerequisites for use by new business sectors and creating jobs close to the employees' place of residence. Federal Land development and investment measures in that respect will be backed by ERDF funds.



Actions Eligible for Infrastructure investments and monitoring measuresSupport

Selection Criteria for D Compliance with aspects of urban development and employment promotionProjects D Compliance with polluter-pays principle

D Contribution to stabilising the economic situation in the urban areas in difficulty

D Paying due attention to ecological criteria in the district development plans

D Contribution to reducing traffic pollution and promoting local public transport

End Beneficiaries D Municipality of Bremen

D Grand recipients: enterprises and organisations which execute the projects on behalf of Bremen

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported projects and other measures, converted and developed sites in square metres, newly created commercially usable area in square metres, induced number of company locations, number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for approx. 5 development projectsEffects D Revitalisation of up to 50,000 m2 underused sites

D Creation of up to 40,000 m2 sites (usable area) for industrial, service and retail sectors

Contribution to No environmental impact (positive, in so far as it can be proved that Sustainability/Environ- there is a reduction in inner-city traffic)mental Protection


Measure 4.1: Stimulating Economic Activities

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Objectives and D Support for the economic and social/cultural development of selected Contents urban areas in difficulty (Bremen-Hemelingen). Federal Land development

and investment measures in that respect will be backed by ERDF funds.



Actions Eligible for Infrastructure investments and monitoring measures for social and Projects cultural development in Bremen-Hemelingen

Selection Criteria for D Compliance with aspects of integrated urban development in respect ofProjects social and cultural amenities

D Contribution to strengthening the community spirit and integration of minority groups

D Due attention to specific interests of women in the development of social and cultural infrastructure

End Beneficiaries D Municipality of Bremen

D Grant recipients: companies and organisations which execute the projects on behalf of Bremen.

Measure Indicators inter alia number of supported projects and other measures, converted sites in square metres, newly created usable area in square metres,number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified D Support for approx. 2 development projectsEffects D No further quantification is possible at present

Contribution to No environmental impact (positive, in so far as it can be proved that Sustainability/Environ- here is a reduction in inner-city traffic)mental Protection


Measure 4.2: District Development

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Objectives and D Support for the economic and urban development of selected urban Contents areas in difficulty in the district of Bremerhaven-Geestendorf.

Federal Land development and investment measures in that respect will be backed by ERDF funds.



Actions Eligible for Infrastructure investments and monitoring measures in the sector of Suport economic and urban development in Bremerhaven-Geestendorf

Selection Criteria for D Ongoing development of small-scale service structures

Projects D Compliance with ecological aspects

D Strengthening district identity

D Safeguarding jobs for women

End Beneficiaries D City of Bremerhaven

D Grant recipients: companies and organisations entrusted with project execution.

Measure Indicators inter alia converted sites in square metres, newly created usable area in square metres, number of new/saved jobs

Ex-ante Quantified No further quantification is possible at presentEffects

Contribution to No environmental impact (positive, in so far as it can be proved that there Sustainability/Environ- is a reduction in inner-city traffic)mental Protection


Measure 4.3: Revitalisation of District Centres

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4.5Technical Assistance

This aims to support the additionalmeasures taken by the administrativeauthority for execution and optimisa-tion of the programme. First and fore-most, these refer to ongoing pro-gramme evaluation, in particular themid-term evaluation; programme ad-ministration, especially electronic cap-ture and transmission of the financialdata; programme monitoring by theMonitoring Committee and related acti-vities, and the execution of relevantpublicity measures as defined in Article46 of Council Regulation (EC) No.1260/1999 in compliance withProvision No. 11 of Council Regulation(EC) No. 1685/2000 on the eligibility ofexpenditure for grants.

The present Objective-2-Programmeenvisages anticipated costs amountingto E 3 million for the tasks stipulated inSection 2.1 of the foregoing ProvisionNo. 11. The maximum sums statedunder Section 2.4 will definitely beobserved.

As monitoring activity, there are alsoplans for supporting explicit pilot pro-jects and studies which – in the sameway as the Cohesion Fund in the past –are aimed at helping projects and ideasto achieve a breakthrough. This isdeemed particularly necessary in thosefields which have gained in importancein the Guidelines of the EuropeanCommission and which rank amongstthe firm elements of a modern regionalstructural policy, as reflected in particu-lar in the subjects of equal opportuni-ties, environment and culture. This pro-vides a systematic basis for generating

projects which could have the chance,in the face of European competition, ofsetting examples of best practice.

A fund volume of approx. E 2 millionhas been earmarked for that purpose.Only public institutions can be consid-ered for the execution of such studies.

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4.6Quantification ofthe Effects at Priority Level

In so far as possible prior to com-mencement of the programme, the fol-lowing presents an initial assessment ofthe anticipated effects of the supportprovided by the Objective-2-Pro-gramme 2000 – 2006. The assessmentis based predominantly on the expe-rience acquired during the precedingassistance period and on some projectproposals which have already been sub-mitted for the new Objective-2-Programme. Where these effects couldbe quantified, recourse has been madeto statistical data compiled from theevaluations of the preceding supportmeasures.

Bremen's Objective-2-Programmehas largely been designed as an infra-structure programme. This means thatthe greater part of the employmenteffects – and these are the focal point ofthe investigation – will be of an indirectnature. It is a known fact that infra-structure can only create the prerequis-ites for jobs. The jobs themselves areactually created only following thenecessary entrepreneurial investments.As these investments in turn are addi-tionally influenced or induced by othersupport forms (grants for individualbusinesses, consulting, know-howtransfer), there is a risk that they arecounted twice, i.e. multiple allocation ofa job which only exists once. This there-fore calls for a fundamental approachwhich is unfeasible ex-ante. It shouldalso be noted that while increasing theemployment rate is the core objective, itis not the sole object of regional pro-grammes. Boosting competitiveness, for

example, can actually have the effect oflowering the employment rate, at leastover the short term.

The following assessment refers inparticular to the direct employmenteffects which could be achieved fromimplementation of the individual corpo-rate support programmes which referdirectly to investments aimed at creat-ing jobs. However, it should be notedthat these investments, too, can onlypay off when they interact with theinfrastructural measures. Regional poli-cies therefore always involve the inter-locking of various approaches, as docu-mented in this Objective-2-Programme.

Subject to the given restrictions,quantification is as follows:

Priority 1Diversifying the Economic Structure by Increasing PrivateInvestment Activities

The support measures are intendedto contribute to the following:

D supporting private investments forthe sum of E 130 – 180 million;

D thus supporting the establishment/foundation of 70 – 130 newenterprises;

D creating a total of 500 – 800additional new jobs, approx. 40 %of which will be for women;

D saving a further 2,000 – 2,500 jobs,approx. 40 % of which for women.

Priority 2Strengthening the Service Sector in Selected Areas


D creating the infrastructural prerequi-sites for the creation of new jobs inthe sector of tourist-related servicesby developing city tourism inBremen and Bremerhaven;

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4

D execution of 2 – 4 cohesion projectsper annum, which will contribute tosaving a total of up to 120 jobs;

D development of the regionalinformation society by means ofinfrastructure measures (e. g. competence centres) byencouraging the foundation of new companies and expansion ofexisting enterprises so that thegrowth rate in the “information/communication” and “multimedia”sectors complies with the nationaltrend;

D enabling the execution of 5cooperative projects betweenuniversity and business enterpriseswith up to 30 partners and approx.250 saved jobs per annum (with aterm of 2.5 years per project),approx. 40 % of which for women.

Priority 3Environmental Protection, Land Redevelopment


D project assistance at 60 – 80companies for the application ofinnovative environment techno-logies which will support approx. 60 – 80 direct additional jobs;

D assistance for 3 – 5 infrastructuralprojects to trigger approx. 10 – 12further integrated projects andcooperation between businessenterprises and R&D institutes, andinitiating the foundation of at least2 – 3 new businesses. The infra-structure projects form the startingpoint for the indirect creation ofapprox. 30 – 50 permanent jobs;

D approx. 30 – 40 ha land is revita-lised for industrial, service andleisure activities, thus providing theprerequisites for creating 1,500 to3,000 jobs, so that this refers toindirect job effects.

Priority 4Urban Areas in Difficulty


D revitalisation of up to 50,000 m2

underused area, some of whichrefers to derelict sites, and thus

D creating up to 40,000 m2 new sitesfor industrial, service and retail activities.

Effects on the Cross-SectionalObjectives Environment and EqualOpportunities

The following tables provide anoverview of the anticipated direct andindirect effects of the programme onthe cross-sectional objectives Environ-ment and Equal Opportunities. Thedirect effects include the activities andthe concrete output connected to exe-cution of the project (e. g. creation orpreservation of green spaces, supportfor companies managed or founded bywomen). The indirect effects refer tothe results of these economic activitiesand the consequent potential of themeasure for creating (women's) jobs.

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Assessment of the environmentaleffects of the measures is based on theprinciples of permanent development inconformance with currently applicableCommunity law. The overall aim is forthis Objective-2-Programme for theyears 2000 – 2006 to have effectswhich are of differing intensity but aregenerally positive for the environmentalsituation and sustainable development.

Priorities and Measures in the Single Programming Document and Effects on the Environment (Direct and Indirect)

Priority 1 Diversifying the Economic Structure Direct IndirectMeasure 1.1 Financial assistance for small and medium

sized enterprises 0 –Measure 1.2 Foundation of innovative businesses 0 0

Priority 2 Strengthening the Service Sector Direct IndirectMeasure 2.1 Promoting the information society 0 0Measure 2.2 Technology-oriented institutions and

technology transfer 0 0Measure 2.3 Promoting tourism –/0 –Measure 2.4 Promoting new services/

cohesion projects 0 0/–

Priority 3 Environmental Protection, Direct IndirectLand Redevelopment

Measure 3.1 Promoting application-oriented environment technologies + +

Measure 3.2 Infrastructure in the environmental sector 0/+ +Measure 3.3 Redevelopment of derelict land + –/+

Priority 4 Urban areas in Difficulty Direct IndirectMeasure 4.1 Stimulation of economic activities 0/+ 0Measure 4.2 District development 0/+ +Measure 4.3 Revitalisation of district centres 0/+ 0

Legend: – negative / 0 neutral / + positive

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The effects outlined above of theprogramme on the aspects of environ-ment and equal opportunities aremerely an initial rough assessmentwhich is based on the experience ac-quired during the preceding assistanceperiods. The concrete effects will beobserved as extensively as possible inthe course of the ongoing programmemonitoring and reviewed in the ex-postevaluation.

Priorities and Measures in the Single Programming Document and the Effectson Equal Opportunities (Direct and Indirect)

Priority 1 Diversifying the Economic Structure Direct IndirectMeasure 1.1 Financial assistance for small and

medium-sized enterprises + +Measure 1.2 Foundation of innovative businesses +/0 +/0

Priority 2 Strengthening the Service Sector Direct IndirectMeasure 2.1 Promoting the information society 0/+ 0/+Measure 2.2 Technology-oriented institutions and

technology transfer 0 0Measure 2.3 Promoting tourism 0 0/+Measure 2.4 Promoting new services/cohesion projects + +

Priority 3 Environmental Protection, Land Redevelopment Direct Indirect

Measure 3.1 Promoting application-related environmental technologies (PFAU) 0 0

Measure 3.2 Infrastructure in the environmental sector 0 0Measure 3.3 Redevelopment of derelict land 0 0

Priority 4 Urban Areas in Difficulty Direct IndirectMeasure 4.1 Stimulating economic activities 0 0/+Measure 4.2 District development 0 0/+Measure 4.3 Revitalisation of district centres 0 0/+

Legend: – negative / 0 neutral / + positive

5Financial Plan

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6

Partnership,Regional Monitoring Committee,Monitoring and Evaluation

52

6

6.1Partnership

Partnership between the differentactors involved in the implementationof the Objective-2-Programme in thepreparation, financing, monitoring andevaluation of the intervention measuresis ensured by the Regional MonitoringCommittee. The Monitoring Committeefor Bremen's Objective-2-Programme ischaired by the Senator for Economyand Ports, as the administrative author-ity. Other voting members are theSenator for Employment, Women'sAffairs, Youth Welfare, Public Healthand Social Affairs, and the Senator forBuilding and the Environment. Thesedepartments are also involved in financ-ing the programme. Advisory membersof the committee are the EuropeanCommission and the Federal Germangovernment, represented by the Federal Ministry of Economy and Tech-nology. The economic and social part-ners, as well as an independent envi-ronmental association and Bremen'scommittee for women's affairs alsohave an advisory vote.

The partners are responsible for co-operating in all tasks of the MonitoringCommittee. The Monitoring Committeepasses its resolutions by mutual agree-ment. If possible, it takes into accountthe proposals submitted by the econom-ic and social partners, and in particularthose relating to sustainable develop-ment and equal opportunities.Decisions on adjustments and amend-ments which affect execution of theprogramme from the financial point ofview can only be taken, in compliancewith the valid regulations, by thosebodies which are directly involved in

financing the programme elementsconcerned.

The Monitoring Committee is essen-tially obliged to pay attention to theefficiency and quality of execution ofthe intervention measures. It is furtherresponsible for adapting the pro-gramme to any changes in circumstan-ces and for submitting proposals for amendment to the EuropeanCommission.

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6.2MonitoringIndicators14)

6.2.1Context Indicators

Context indicators are regional eco-nomy indicators which are intended tosupply information about the structuraldevelopment of the assisted regionduring the implementation period ofthe programme. They refer to data oneconomic and labour market develop-ments and further information in con-nection with programme implementa-tion (e. g. employment developments inthe sector of research and develop-ment). The indicators are normallyobtained once a year in a survey con-ducted by the statistical office of theFederal Land concerned or in the courseof special surveys and evaluations.Information is provided on the develop-ment of the context indicators in thecourse of the annual execution reportson the programme.

14) The individual indicators are listed in Chapters 6.2.1, 6.2.2. and 6.2.3 of the full version of theObjective-2 Programme.

6.2.2Principal Indicators

Principal indicators are a limitedselection of easily determinable datawhich reflect programme progress. Thepurpose of these indicators is to providea more general picture of a priority thanan indicator which is directly linked witha measure. They can reveal the execu-tion status at any given time in mone-tary terms (e. g. application of funds)and in material terms (e. g. number ofassisted cases).

A total of eight principal indicatorshave been defined for Bremen's SPD;amongst other things, these include thenumber of supported cases, number ofnew / saved jobs, level of tied funds andpayouts. Compilation of these indica-tors is an integral part of the monitoringprocess and is handled by the adminis-trative authority and other departmentsinvolved in the programme.

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6.2.3Measure Indicators

Measure Indicators show the pro-gress of the individual measures andthus also encompass further supple-mentary information. In accordancewith their position in the chain ofaction, we differentiate between out-put, result and impact indicators.Output indicators refer to the workperformed and can best be expressed as physical or financial units (e. g. ap-proved volume). Result indicators referto the direct effects of a measure. Theyprovide information on the change inthe capacity of a beneficiary. Impactindicators refer to the effect of a meas-ure above and beyond the immediateresults. We differentiate betweenimpacts which set in after a certain timeand impacts which act over the longterm and affect a greater part of thepopulation.

6.2.4Indicators for the Allocation of Performance-Tied Reserves

With the aim of increasing the effi-cacy of the support provided by the EUStructural Fund, the allocation of an“Efficiency Reserve” was adopted inthe General Council Regulation on theStructural Fund (EC) No. 1260 / 1999)for the assistance period 2000 – 2006.On expiry of half the programmeperiod, the programme efficacy will beevaluated on the basis of a limited num-ber of monitoring indicators (perform-ance indicators) as part of the mid-termevaluation. The indicators reveal theefficacy, administration and financialhandling of the programme.

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6.3Evaluation Activities

Bremen's Objective-2-Programme2000 – 2006 was subjected to an ex-ante evaluation by an external inde-pendent expert, parallel to compilationof the programme. On expiry of halfthe assistance period, no later than31. 12. 2003, the programme will beevaluated once again on the basis ofthe measure indicators set forth in theProgramming Complement and the in-dicators for the allocation of perform-ance-tied reserves. Taking the ex-anteevaluation into account, the mid-termevaluation will measure the results ofintervention, their relevance and achieve-ment of the objectives set. Remedialaction must be taken if necessary, basedon the results of these evaluation activi-ties, in order to enhance the efficiencyof the programme. The mid-term eva-luation is also of relevance for theCommission's decision on the allocationof performance-tied reserves. By the endof 2005, the mid-term evaluation mustbe updated in preparation for subse-quent intervention measures.

On conclusion of the programme, anex-post evaluation of the programmeresults will be conducted no later thanby the end of 2009. The ex-post evalu-ation is intended to provide informationon the use of resources, efficacy andefficiency of the measures and theireffects. The evaluation findings whichare already available from previous eval-uations will be included in that process.The aim of the ex-post evaluation is todraw the appropriate conclusions forsubsequent intervention.

Execution of the ex-ante and mid-term evaluation is the responsibility ofthe relevant administrative authority,which commissions an external expert.The ex-post evaluation on the otherhand, is the responsibility of theCommission, which also entrusts anindependent expert with the work. Theresponsible administrative authoritycooperates with the Commission on theex-post evaluation by providing thenecessary data relating to execution ofthe intervention, which should also becaptured and evaluated electronicallyover the long term.

The administrative authority man-ages and coordinates the evaluationwork. A central position has been created at the administrative authorityfor that purpose, which is funded via the “Technical Assistance” of theObjective-2-Programme. The adminis-trative authority will present the evalu-ation results to the public pursuant toArticle 40, Section (4) of CouncilRegulation (EC) No. 1260 / 1999 onapplication.

Publisher and Contact: The Senator for Economy and Portsof the Free Hanseatic City of BremenZweite Schlachtpforte 3D-28195 Bremen

Layout and Printing: Christa KukemüllerFröbelweg 7D-28816 Stuhr-Brinkume-mail: [email protected]

Bremen 2001

The production of this brochure was co-financed by theEuropean Regional Development Fund (ERDF).

The Senator for Economy and Ports

Zweite Schlachtpforte 3

D-28195 Bremen

Tel ++ 49 421 361 8620

Fax ++ 49 421 361 8810

[email protected]

Further information:

www.bremen.de

www.europa-bremen.de/efre

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