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Forests in Canada

Canada’s forested, other wooded land and other land with tree cover extend over about half of the country’s total land surface—nearly 400 million hectares—from

coast to coast.

To appreciate the importance of this natural resource, one need only look at theextraordinary rane of roles that forests perform.

Canada’s forests purify water, stabili!e soil and cycle nutrients. They moderateclimate and store carbon. They create habitat for wildlife and they nurtureenvironments rich in bioloical diversity. They sustain a nation"wide forest

 products industry that supports hundreds of thousands of #obs and contributes billions of dollars to the country’s economic wealth.

$nd, as if that weren’t enouh, Canada’s forests provide landscapes and resourcesessential to a host of recreational, cultural, traditional and spiritual pursuits thatCanadians hold in hih value.

%or all these reasons, takin care of the country’s forests and ensurin their onoinhealth is a key priority of the federal overnment. To that end, the Canadian %orest&ervice of 'atural (esources Canada works closely with the provinces andterritories to see that the nation’s forest resources are manaed sustainably and in away that optimi!es benefits for all.

Canada is the second larest exporter of primary forest products in the world, after the ).&. Canada’s forest sector is amon the top five contributors to the nation*s nettrade.

The forest industry is an important employer in many reions of Canada, particularly in rural and remote communities. +a#or forest products includesoftwood lumber, structural panels, newsprint, pulp and various paper products.The development and production of many new and innovative products is alsounderway in the sector. These products rane from bioenery and bioplastics to

new buildin systems.

A sector in transition

n recent years, Canada’s forest industry has been refocusin its business model tohelp the sector adapt to new challenes. (ecent challenes include- a worldwideeconomic downturn strenthenin of the Canadian dollar aainst the currencies of 

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our key competitors a structural decline in 'orth $merican newsprint demand andincreased competition from other forest product suppliers.

(ecoverin from these difficult circumstances has re/uired Canada’s forest sector to work hard to transform in ways that will open new opportunities for the future.

%or instance-

• $ focus on product and process innovation is leadin to improvements that

will strenthen the sector’s competitiveness for the lon term. 'on"traditional products and services are the focus of intensive research anddevelopment. f particular note are those products and services derived fromforest  biomass  1for example, bioenery, bioproducts and biochemicals2.ncreased production of bioproducts is expected to ive the industry asinificant boost in the hihly competitive lobal marketplace.

•  'ew market opportunities are bein tareted. 3ork is underway to identify

 both new end use markets and new markets for Canada’s traditional products.

• The importance of environmental sustainability  and leality throuhout the

forest sector has been reconi!ed by overnment, industry and other players.&ustainable forest manaement practices at every stae of productiondemonstrate responsible resource stewardship and respond to theexpectations of environmentally responsible forest practices in today’s lobal

marketplace.

Canada’s forest products exports  contribute 56.5 billion in net trade.$pproximately 467 of total forest product export value is from the followin threekey products, each of which faces a different set of challenes and opportunities intoday’s lobal markets.

About Renewable Energy

• Canada, with its lare landmass and diversified eoraphy, has substantial

renewable resources that can be used to produce enery these resourcesinclude movin water, wind, biomass, solar, eothermal, and ocean enery.

• Canada is a world leader in the production and use of enery from renewable

resources. (enewable enery sources currently provide about 58.97 of Canada’s total primary enery supply.

http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/innovation/13329http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/13315http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/13317http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/13319http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/canada/sustainable-forest-management/13303http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/report/economy/16558http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/13315http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/13317http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/13319http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/canada/sustainable-forest-management/13303http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/report/economy/16558http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/innovation/13329

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• +ovin water is the most important renewable enery source in Canada,

 providin :97 of Canada’s electricity eneration. n fact, Canada is the thirdlarest producer of hydroelectricity in the world.

• 3ind is the second most important renewable enery source in Canada. t

accounts for 5.87 of electricity eneration in Canada.

• ;iomass is the third larest source of Canada’s electricity eneration. ts

share in Canada’s electricity eneration is 5.47.

• 3ind and solar photovoltaic enery are the fastest rowin sources of 

electricity in Canada.

• 3ith its lare landmass and diversified eoraphy, Canada has an abundance

of renewable resources that can be used to produce enery. Canada is a worldleader in the production and use of enery from renewable resources.

(enewable enery resources currently provide 58.97 of Canada’s total

 primary enery supply.

• .: thousand meawatts, which is

about =.67 of Canada’s installed capacity.

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$ll the hydroelectric stations in Canada enerated >4? million meawatt hours in

=050. This accounted for :97 of Canada’s total electricity eneration. Canada is

the third larest producer of hydroelectricity in the world. n fact, hydroelectricity

represents 5=.>7 of Canada’s total net primary enery supply.

;ioenery

3ith its lare landmass and active forest and aricultural industries, Canada hasaccess to lare and diversified biomass resources that can be used for enery

 production. Currently, bioenery is the second most important form of renewableenery in Canada. n fact, biofuels and renewable waste represent 4.47 of Canada’s total primary enery.

$t the end of =050, Canada had 85 bioenery power plants with a total installedcapacity of 5,600 meawatts, and most of this capacity was built around the use of wood biomass and spent pulpin li/uor, as well as landfill as. n =050, ?.>iawatt hours of electricity were enerated usin wood refuse and spent pulpinli/uor. +ost of the biomass"fired capacity was found in provinces with sinificantforestry activities- ;ritish Columbia, ntario, @uebec, $lberta and 'ew;runswick.

;iofuels A or fuels from renewable sources — are a rowin form of bioenery in

Canada. n =050, Canada accounted for =7 of world ethanol production 1fifthhihest in the world after the )&, ;ra!il, the B) and China2 and 57 of world

 biodiesel production. The principal ariculture feedstock for producin ethanol, aasoline substitute, includes corn, wheat and barley. Canada is a ma#or world

 producer and exporter of these rains. $s well, veetable oils and animal fats can be used to produce biodiesel, a diesel substitute.

Wind Power

Canada has lare areas with excellent wind resources and therefore a sinificant

 potential for the expansion of wind"enerated power. &ome of the hihest /uality

areas are offshore and alon coastlines. 'o offshore wind farms have been built in

Canada yet, and the development of coastal wind farms is limited because most of 

Canada’s coastline is in remote reions, away from the existin electrical rid.

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There are also hih /uality areas inland at different locations across Canada,

includin the southern rairies and alon the Dulf of &t. Eawrence.

nstalled wind power capacity in Canada has expanded rapidly in recent years and

is forecasted to continue to row at a rapid pace due to increased interest fromelectricity producers and overnmental initiatives. n =055, Canada had >,094 wind

turbines operatin on 5:= wind farms for a total installed capacity of :,=8:

meawatts, compared with only 80 wind turbines, ? wind farms and => meawatts

in 5996.

Solar Energy

The potential for solar enery varies across Canada. The potential is lower in

coastal areas, due to increased cloud coverae, and is hiher in the central reions.The solar potential varies even more around the lobe. n eneral, many Canadian

cities have a solar potential that is comparable internationally with that of many

ma#or cities. %or instance, about half of Canada’s residential electricity

re/uirements could be met by installin solar panels on the roofs of residential

 buildins.

Canada’s use of solar enery has increased in recent years, althouh it remains

relatively small in terms of market penetration. nstalled capacity for solar thermal

 power has seen averae annual rowth of 9.:7 since =000, reachin a capacity of 

?59 meawatts of thermal power in =055. The =00?"=055 period was marked by the

exponential rowth of installed capacity for solar photovoltaic power, with the

annual rowth rate of 546.>7. n =055, the installed capacity reached

49: meawatts.

cean enery

;ein landlocked only alon its southern border, much of Canada is surrounded byoceans, meanin it has access to a sinificant enery potential. Currently, Canadahas a tidal power plant in 'ova &cotia with a eneratin capacity of =0 meawattsof electricity. 3ave and tidal current technoloy demonstration pro#ects are under way in ;ritish Columbia and 'ova &cotia. n ;ritish Columbia, the wave enerydevice has capacity of 500 kilowatts. The 4"meawatt pro#ect in 'ova &cotia will

 be the first deployment of commercial"scale tidal turbines in Canada.