Suicide Bombing as a Hazard

Suicide Bombing as a Suicide Bombing as a HazardHazardSuicide Bombing as a Suicide Bombing as a HazardHazard

Contents• Suicide Bombing• Causes• Purposes• Techniques and Methods• Female Suicide Bomber• Typical Suicide Bomber• Support for Bombers• Last Five years Record • Most Disastrous Bombing• Major Influenced Cities • Current Situation• Mitigations

What is a Suicide Bombing?

• Form of terrorism Irregular warfare willingly own death as well as death of enemies.

• Premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetuated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience

Bomb Explosion

Causes

• Deep Grievance (Killed friend or a member of family.

• Suffering from historical injustice.• The only method to fight enemy.• Loyal to intimate group of peers

Purposes of Suicide Bombing

Political Mixture

Military

Tactics

Political Tactics

• Opposition to enemy forces.• Desperation to third parties.• Against Civilian targets to create fear

among the people.

Military Purposes

• Against enemy countries to weaken it economically, morally and militarily

• For special purposes such as to target the armed forces,

• Against the agents opposing the countries policies,

Legal Approval

• Against SoldiersApproved by International Law• Hague International Convention 1907

Nuremberg Tribunal.• Against CiviliansPalestinian: No such thing as an Israeli

Civilian• More examplesWhen Britain and America could not kill

enemy soldiers on the battlefield they killed their families from the air.

Techniques & Methods

• Use of female bombers.• Use of child bombers• Choosing the targets.

Female Suicide Bombers

• New phenomenon• Obstacles to train women as

bombers• Rigid social Norms• Not permitted to show their bodies to

men.

Child Bombers

Both Pakistani and army officials made recent statements to the press that Baitullah Mehsud was paying families up to 1 million rupees to get children as young as seven to serve as suicide bombers for the TTP or its subsidiaries.

Choosing the Targets

Look at the spots to cause more deaths.Favourite targets: Crowded buses, cafes,

outdoor markets.Final prayer when zero hour approaches,

bombers instructed to write or videotape final testimony.

View of Suicide Attacks

Support for Suicide Bombing

• Religion• Family• Society• Economic Support

Religion

• By blowing themselves up in a crowed, they are forging their own gateway to heaven.

Family

• Parents of a child that killed himself and others, seem happy, proud, and they are willing to send another child off to the afterlife.

Society

• 70 % to 80 % of Palestinians support suicide bombing.

• “Martyrdom Operations”• Military Summer camps for children.• Streets Hospitals, babies and

Children events named after martyrs.

Economic Support

• $25,000 for relatives of suicide bombers

Suicide attack in Pakistan

Began in 2002, frequency went up significantly in 2007.It’s commonly believed that this upsurge in suicide attacks was a direct result of the operation against Lal Masjid and there is some truth in this claim as well.49 suicide attacks took place after Lal Masjid operation.Drone attacks are also quoted as biggest contributors to the acceleration of S.A.

Conti . . . .

• In an article “SUICIDE TERRORISM IN PAKISTAN: AN ASSESSMENT” JÉRÉMIE LANCHE emphasis severity of suicide attacks as “With more than 140 suicide attacks and1700 victims between 2002 and 2008, the use of the method is clearly on the rise.

• Pakistan has now surpassed both Iraq and Afghanistan in this disturbing ranking.

Conti . . . .

• Taliban want to show that such operations can happen anywhere and anytime, as the major military operation

• Rah-e-Nijat was directed against Mehsud and its affiliates in South Waziristan. However, it does not mean TTP’s strategy will be effective in the long-run.

• 7,997 lives lost in Pakistan in 2008 because of erratic violence, suicide attacks accounted for only 967 victims which was 12 per cent of the total death toll.

Major Influenced Cities

• Karachi, Rawalpindi, Charsada, Peshawar, N.Waziristan, Quetta, D.I Khan, Islamabad, kohat, Quetta, Miranshah, Banu, Khurram agency, Mingora, Sargodha, Lahore.

Last Five years Record

http://www.satp.org/

http://www.satp.org/

http://www.satp.org/

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Current Situation The overall figure in 2012 was 5,047 people killed and 5,688 injured in 2,217 attacks and clashes of various kinds.

Mitigations• Target the community or organization suicide

bombers come from.• Put fence around public places.• Creating buffer zone between two population.• Address their grievances and humiliations and try

the best to make compensate.• Political and religious parties should make clear

disapproving the practice of S.Attacks.• Justice should be provided to the victims.• Economic conditions of poor masses should be

developed.• Security and precautionary measure should be

taken.• Hatred against other sects should be condemned.

References• http://www.satp.org• www.ipcs.org• http://www.metransparent.com/spip.php?

page=articl• e&id_article=7514&lang=en• http://www.viewpointonline.net• http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=200• 9\01\21\story_21-1-2009_pg7_15• http://san-pips.com/index.php?

action=ra&id=pvt_list_1. • 24• www.dawn.com• www.expresstribune.com.pk