Suffrage at Last CHAPTER 8 SECTION 2

1st formal demand for the right to vote 1848 Seneca Falls, NY

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Susan B. Anthony

Quaker, abolitionists, demanded the same rights for women as African Americans under the 14th and 15th Amendment – failed

Head of National Woman Suffrage Association

1872 arrested for leading group of women to polls and demanding to vote.

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Civil Disobedience – nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change the law.

Convicted at trial-refused to pay $100 fine.

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) named Anthony the President from 1892-1900.

Suffrage at the Turn of the Century

Married women could now buy, sell, and will property.

Yet, lawyer, Myra Bradwell was refused a license to practice law in Chicago 1869.

She took the case to the Supreme Court. Bradwell v. Illinois (1873) – the court

upheld the denial, reaffirming the “wide difference in the respective spheres and destinies of man and woman”.

Myra Bradwell finally got her license in 1890.

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Most Americans believed proper the sphere for woman was home.

Women more active lobbying and picketing.

Two basic arguments against woman voting…

1.Women are powerful enough without voting.

2. It would blur the distinction between sexes and make women more masculine.

Many assumed women would quickly establish prohibition.

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Suffragist Strategies

1. Press for Constitutional Amendment

 Required 2/3 of House to pass

 Then ratified by ¾ of state legislatures

2. Get individual states to permit voting – successful on frontier

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1868 the amendment stalled. 1878 new amendment “Anthony Amendment” –

stalled 1887 – defeated in Senate

Senators were inattentive to the reading. 16 pro, 34 con, 26 absent

Reintroduced yearly until 1896 then it was not heard of again until 1913.

The Movement Strengthens in the 1910s Carrie Chapman Catt, head NAWSA, insisted on

close, precinct-by-precinct political work.

Alice Paul and Lucy Burns took over committee for Congressional Passage of Amendment in 1913.

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Alice PaulCarrie Chapman Catthttp://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1926/1101260614_400.jpg

Held a parade of 5,000 women in Washington D.C. day before Wilson’s inauguration.

Paul transformed her committee into new organization.

The Congressional Union (CU)

A Split in the Movement

Paul’s CU called for aggressive, militant campaign for the constitutional amendment.

She planned to bypass suffrage organizations in states and set up new ones.

1914 NAWSA expelled her.

CU staged militant protests: demonstrated, burned copies of Wilson’s speeches and life sized dummy of Wilson.

CU women sent to prison for demonstrations.

They then went on hunger strikes to protest prison conditions.

NAWSA condemned the CU, not their treatment.

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Lucy Burns

1915 NAWSA’s state suffrage campaign failed in 4 eastern states.

Catt was brought back and instituted her “Winning Plan”.

Step 1: Develop large group of full-time leaders to work in “red hot” campaigns for six years.

Step 2: While another group focused on getting Congress to propose the federal Amendment.

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1917 NAWSA had 2 million members equaling the largest volunteer organization.

NY state finally voted for women’s suffrage.

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Impact of WWI

The U.S. entered WWI in 1917.

Women volunteered for ambulance corps, medical work, and jobs left by men.

Congress passed the 18th Amendment… prohibition.

This took liquor interests out of the fight.

The Final Victory for Suffrage

1918 Congress formally proposed the suffrage amendment.

They were embarrassed and disturbed by the treatment of Paul’s CU women in jail.

The ratification battle began. On August 24th, 1920, TN became

the necessary 36th state to ratify the suffrage amendment.

The 19th Amendment was the last major reform of Progressive Era.