Sueo. Machi · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - Sueo. Machi Author: user1 Created Date: 9/30/2005...
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1/291/29 Sueo MACHIIAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005
Uses of Radiation for Development and Welfare
Uses of Radiation for Development and Welfare
Sueo MACHI, JapanCommissioner, AEC, Japan
SueoSueo MACHI, JapanMACHI, JapanCommissioner, AEC, JapanCommissioner, AEC, Japan
IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005IAEA Scientific Forum, 27 September 2005
Major Points of DiscussionMajor Points of Discussion
•• Improved industryImproved industry ------High quality productsHigh quality products
•• Cleaning environmentCleaning environment ------Removing pollutantsRemoving pollutants
•• Food Food ------ Productive agriculture and food safetyProductive agriculture and food safety
•• Better health careBetter health care ------Combating cancerCombating cancer
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Economic Scale of Nuclear Power and Economic Scale of Nuclear Power and Radiation Technology in Japan (1997)Radiation Technology in Japan (1997)3.2% of the GDP 494 trillion (103.2% of the GDP 494 trillion (101212)) JPJPYY
enen
Radiation ApplicationRadiation Application
Nuclear PowerNuclear Power
by MEXTby MEXT
16 trillion16 trillion
46% 54%
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85%
1%14%
IndustryIndustryAgricultureAgriculture
MedicineMedicine
8.6 trillion8.6 trillion
Breakdown of Economic Breakdown of Economic ScafeScafeofof Radiation Application in Radiation Application in
Japan Japan
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7000
100
6000
243 1500300
Ion Implantation + Surface mod.
Nucl. phys.
Therapy
Isotopes
Rad. process
Mater. science
Radiation Sources Radiation Sources –– Worldwide Worldwide --11ParticlParticlee AcceleraAccelera
torstors
Source: IAEA Nuc.Tech.Rev.2002
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Radiation Sources Radiation Sources –– Worldwide Worldwide --22
Industrial Scale Co-60 Gamma Irradiator– 160 unitsLarge penetration rangeDeveloping countries :65 unitLarger then 1MCi: more than 32 units
Major applicationsSterilization of medical productsFood irradiation
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Commercially produced crossCommercially produced cross--linked or grafted linked or grafted polymers by radiation processing polymers by radiation processing –– 11
Battery separatorAA grafted PE filmCable insulation for antilock brake sensor
Cross-linked polyurethane
Automobile tires (high quality), Cross-linked rubber sheets
Food packaging, insulation, protection against corrosion
Heat shrinkable tubings and sheets
Insulation, packing, floating materials
Cross-linked foamed polyethylene
Wire insulation resistant to heat and chemicals, pipes for heating systems
Cross-linked polyethylene and PVC
ApplicationsProducts
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Commercially produced crossCommercially produced cross--linked or grafted linked or grafted polymers by radiation processing polymers by radiation processing –– 22
DeodorantGrafted PE fiberSurface coating and printingCuring of paints and inksWound dressingCross-linked hydrogel
Medical gloves, Fingerstall
Vulcanized natural rubber latex
Metal and ceramic composites,
Super heat resistant SiCfiber
Automobile parts resistant to heat and chemicals
Cross-linked nylonApplicationsProducts
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71 7575 80 85 90 95 00 040
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Year
Num
ber
Others
Flue GasTreatment
Sterilization
AutomobileTire
Curing & Converting
Heat ShrinkableTube
PolyethyleneFoam
Wire & Cable
R & D
MARCH, 2005
Number of Electron Accelerator for Industry Number of Electron Accelerator for Industry by Applicationby Application
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Electron Accelerator with tube handling Electron Accelerator with tube handling device device
3MeV (MINT, Malaysia)3MeV (MINT, Malaysia)
Electron Beam Processing for Wires
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Radiation Crosslinking Improves Thermal, Mechanical, Chemical Properties
Solid state reaction
Free from chemicals
Simple and high speed
Room temp. process
Merits of Radiation ProcessingMerits of Radiation Processing
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Hydrogel Wound Dressing
1.Healing is faster1.Healing is faster
2.Changing the dressing without pain2.Changing the dressing without pain
3.Transparency3.Transparency
ADVANTAGES
PVA HydrogelWater soluble polymer
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隔膜
+ (Ag2O)
Packing
Separator membrane(Zn)-
cathode+
Anode-
Silver oxide battery
Radiation grafting of AAc onto PE
(10μm)
Longlived Battery Separator
Separator membrane
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Efficient Sterilization of Medical Suppliesby High Energy (5 - 10 MeV) Accelerator
-- High speed processingHigh speed processing-- Larger capacityLarger capacity-- No replenishment of radiation sourceNo replenishment of radiation source
50% of medical supplies sterilized by EB
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10 nm
Ion Track Membrane
Ion Beam(Au, Xe, Kr)
Polymer Film
Cross Section
Latent trackLocally Dense Damage
Latent track
Etching
Etched Track
Ion Beam Radiation
Membrane with Nano-scale Pores by Heavy Ion Beams
Radiation Processing Radiation Processing for for NanoNano--technologytechnology
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Increasing Emission of SO2
Damage of Forests by Acid Rain in East Europe
010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,000
1975 1980 1985 1990 2020
1,000Ton
(World Bank, RAINS-ASIAプロジェクト)
Global Environment is DegradingGlobal Environment is Degrading
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Removal efficiency: SORemoval efficiency: SO22 90%90% Absorbed dose: 5~10kGyAbsorbed dose: 5~10kGyTemp: 65~70Temp: 65~70℃℃ NoNoXX 30~80%30~80%
Stack
Fertilizer
Electron beam gun
Byproductcollector
Process vessel
Power supply
Spraycooler
Process waterProcess water
Fluegas
Innovative Technology for Cleaning Flue Gases by Innovative Technology for Cleaning Flue Gases by Electron BeamsElectron Beams
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Industrial and Pilot Plants of Cleaning Flue Industrial and Pilot Plants of Cleaning Flue Gases from Power Stations by Electron BeamGases from Power Stations by Electron Beam
mm33/hour/hour FuelFuel
ChinaChina 11 300,000300,000 coal in operationcoal in operation
22 300,000300,000 coal in operationcoal in operation
33 300,000300,000 coal under constructioncoal under construction
PolandPoland 270,000270,000 coal in operationcoal in operation
BulgariaBulgaria 10,00010,000 coal in operationcoal in operation
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Accelerator:Accelerator:300kW300kW××4 heads4 heads
Capacity:Capacity:270,000m270,000m33 /hour/hour
Accelerator and Accelerator and Process ChamberProcess Chamber
Cleaning Flue Gas from Coal Burning Power Station by Cleaning Flue Gas from Coal Burning Power Station by Electron Beams. Industrial Scale Demonstration Plant Electron Beams. Industrial Scale Demonstration Plant in Poland (October, 2000) : IAEA TC in Poland (October, 2000) : IAEA TC ProjrctProjrct
AcceleratorAccelerator
Process Process ChamberChamber
SO2 removal 90~95%NOx removal 70~80%Total dose: 10kGy
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Process vessel of Polish demonstration plantProcess vessel of Polish demonstration plant
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The Flue Gas Cleaning Plant in The Flue Gas Cleaning Plant in ChangduChangdu, China, China
Coal burningpower plant of 100MWe
Capacity:300,000 m3/hour
SO2 removal 90%NOx removal 30%
Total dose 5kGy
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ADVANTAGES OFADVANTAGES OFELECTRON BEAM TECHNOLOGY ELECTRON BEAM TECHNOLOGY
FOR CLEANING FLUE GASESFOR CLEANING FLUE GASES
Simultaneous removals of SOSimultaneous removals of SO2 2 and and NOxNOx
Applicable to high SOApplicable to high SO2 2 content flue gasescontent flue gases
ByBy--product is usable as agriculture fertilizerproduct is usable as agriculture fertilizer
Amount of water needed is much less than Amount of water needed is much less than that of conventional processthat of conventional process
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Electron Beam Treatment of Waste WaterElectron Beam Treatment of Waste Water
PilotPilot--scale plant of cleaning waste water from dyeing scale plant of cleaning waste water from dyeing factories in Koreafactories in Korea
(treatment capacity 1,000m(treatment capacity 1,000m33/day EBM:1MeV, 40kW)/day EBM:1MeV, 40kW)Demonstration Plant of Demonstration Plant of 10,000m10,000m33/day is under construction/day is under construction
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Environmentally Friendly and More Environmentally Friendly and More Productive Agriculture By RadiationProductive Agriculture By Radiation
Sterile insect technique to reduce insecticidesSterile insect technique to reduce insecticidesFruit fly, tsetse fly, NW screw worm flyFruit fly, tsetse fly, NW screw worm flyMutation breeding to reduce chemicalsMutation breeding to reduce chemicals2000 mutant varieties2000 mutant varieties
Food irradiation to Food irradiation to replace chemical replace chemical fumigationfumigationBiofertilizerBiofertilizer to replace to replace chemical fertilizerchemical fertilizer Demonstration of Bio-fertilizer
for peanut in Vietnam
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Heavy IonHeavy Ion
PhotonPhoton
Distance from body surfaceDistance from body surface
Cancer Therapy Cancer Therapy by Heavy Ionby Heavy Ion
Ion beam can be Ion beam can be focused in tumor to focused in tumor to avoid sideavoid side--effectseffects
Rad
iatio
n in
tens
ityR
adia
tion
inte
nsity
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Heavy Ion Beam Therapy Facility of NIRS of Japan
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Radiation Therapy by Heavy Ion (Carbon) Beams
Osteosarcoma of the 5th cervical spine
Before
After 5 years
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New Accelerator-Based Large SpallationNeutron Sources under Construction
20081MWJAERI-KEKJSNSJapan
2007240kWRutherford-AppletonISISUK
20061.4MWONLSNSUSA
CommissioningProtonInstituteCounty
Major Fields of ResearchMaterial ScienceLife & Biological SciencesParticle Physics
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Conclusion Conclusion -- 111. Radiation technology largely contributes
to the sustainable development in the field of industry, agriculture and health care.
2. Radiation source technology is well developed. In particular, electron accelerators with large capacity. High energy and high reliability are available at reasonable price.
3. Ion beam accelerators with high energy are used for medical application and material science.
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Conclusion Conclusion -- 22
4. New polymer products have been developed using electron accelerators to penetrating into new market.
5. Food irradiation is efficient technology to enhance food safety, and the amount of irradiated food is growing worldwide.
6. IAEA’s TC Program and CRP achieve to promote radiation application in Member States.