A PRESENTATION ONPOWER SUBSTATIONS, INCLUDING LATEST

ADVANCEMENTS

BY ………………………

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION , NOIDA

SUBMITTED BY- AMITESH KUMAR RAI (1309120904) AMARESH KUMAR SINGH (1309120903)

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY NEED OF SUBSTATIONS TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF EACH TYPE OVER-VIEW OF A STANDARD SUBSTATION BRIEF DETAILS OF EACH EQUPEMENTS LATEST ADVANCEMENTS CONCLUSION REFRENCES

INTRODUCTION A SUBSTATION IS A PART OF AN ELECTRICAL GENERATION ,

TRANSMISSION, AND DISTRIBUTION A SUBSTATION TRANSFORM VOLTAGE FROM HIGH TO LOW, OR THE

REVERSE OR PERFORM ANY OF SEVERAL OTHER IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS LIKE SWITCHING, CONVERTING etc

HISTORY ELECTRICITY GENERATION is the process of generating electric power from other sources of primary energy. The fundamentals behind Electricity Generation were discovered around 1830s by Michael Faraday. During those days we use to utilise the generated at the same place where it is generated But by the time the demand of power increases even from

those areas where generation is not possible.

By the time we tried to implement the concept of transmitting power from one place to another place.

In the starting we have to transmit the power to a very less distance, so we directly transmit the generated power at the generated voltage itself.

NEED OF SUBSTATION

PRACTICAL CONSIDERATION TO SATISFY LOAD GROWTH TO ACC0MMODATE NEW GENERATION TO MAINTAIN RELAIBILITY REQUIREMENT

TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION TO STEP UP AND STEP DOWN AC VOLTAGE LEVEL TO BREAK THE POWER FLOW PROVIDE SUPPORT TO THE POWER FLOW

TYPES OF SUBSTATIONSON THE BASIS OF SERVICE

REQUIREMENT

TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION

SWITCHING SUBSTATION

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION SUBSTATION

FREQUENCY CHANGER SUBSTATION

CONVERTING SUBSTATION

INDUSTRIAL SUBSTATION

ON THE BASIS OF CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES

OUTDOOR SUBSTATION

INDOOR SUBSTATION

UNDERGROUND SUBSTATION

POLE MOUNTED SUBSTATION

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

TRANSFORMER SUBSTATION:Those substations which change the voltage

level are called transformer substation.

SWITCHING SUBSTATION:These type of substations simply perform the

switching operation of power lines.

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION SUBSTATION:

Those sub-stations whichImprove the power factor Of the system are called Power factor correction Substation. These are Generally located at the Receiving end of transmission lines. They generally use synchronous

condensors as power factor improvement equipment

CONVERTING SUBSTATION:• Use to convert ac power into dc power by

using static converting devices like SCRs.• Used for traction, electroplating and welding.

OUTDOOR SUB-STATION: We prefer this type of substation when voltage is above

66kv , because for such voltage the clearance between conductor and the space required for switches,C.B., and other equipement becomes so great that it is not economical to install the equipment indoor.

INDOOR SUB-STATION: Generally we use indoor type of sub-staion for voltages

upto 11kv but this range can be increased upto 66kv if atmosphere is contaminated with impurities.

UNDER GROUND SUB-STATION:This type of sub-station is prefered in highly

populated areas, where the space available is limited and costly too.

POLE MOUNTED SUB-STATION:This is an outdoor sub-station with equipment installed

overhead on H-pole or 4-pole structure Used for voltages upto 11kv (33kv in some cases) .

RELAYS

• A relay is automatic device which senses an abnormal condition of electrical circuit and closes its contacts. These contacts in turns close and complete the circuit breaker trip coil circuit hence make the circuit breaker tripped for disconnecting the faulty portion of the electrical circuit from rest of the healthy circuit.

GAS INSULATEDSUBSTATION

**GIS CLIP**

• GIS SUB-STATION

GIS SUB-STATION.MP4

• A gas insulated substation (GIS) is a high voltage substation in which the major structures are contained in a sealed environment with sulfur hexafluoride gas as the insulating medium. GIS technology originated in Japan, where there was a substantial need to develop technology to make substations as compact as possible. The clearance required for phase to phase and phase to ground for all equipment is much lower than that required in an air insulated substation; the total space required for a GIS is 10% of that needed for a conventional substation.

• Gas insulated substations offer other advantages in addition to the reduced space requirements. Because the substation is enclosed in a building, a GIS is less sensitive to pollution, as well as salt, sand or large amounts of snow. Although the initial cost of building a GIS is higher than building an air insulated substation, the operation and maintenance costs of a GIS are less.

SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

• Newer microprocessor-based relays and other intelligent devices provide unprecedented flexibility and rich functionality which, in turn, provide low cost monitoring analysis and diagnosis of electrical faults in the power network.

Schneider Electric Substation Automation

CONCLUSION:

At the end we hope that by this presentation your understanding regarding various types of substation , operation of a standard substation and also about the various equipements used in power substation would got more clear.

We got the idea about the latest advancements going on in the field of GIS and sub-station automation.