Subregional Transport Connectivity Sector Project in Pakistan · 2014-09-29 · I. INTRODUCTION 1....

Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Summary Environmental Impact Assessment

June 2005

Subregional Transport ConnectivitySector Project in Pakistan*

* Title of the Project has been changed to “National Highway Development Sector InvestmentProgram in Pakistan.” This change applies to all relevant references to the previous project titlecited in the report.

June 2005

Subregional Transport ConnectivitySector Project in Pakistan*

* Title of the Project has been changed to “National Highway Development Sector InvestmentProgram in Pakistan.” This change applies to all relevant references to the previous project titlecited in the report.

SEIA.pmd 28/10/2005, 5:05 PM1

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(As of 23 June 2005)

Currency Unit – Pakistan rupee/s (PRe/PRs) Pre 1.00 = $0. 0168 $1.00 = PRs 59.7

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – environment management plan EPA – Environmental Protection Agency IEE – initial environment examination GM – general manager LCB – local competitive bidding NESPAK – National Engineering Services Pakistan NHA – National Highway Authority SEIA – summary environmental impact assessment

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government and its agencies ends on 30 June. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

CONTENTS

Page MAP

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 1

III. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SECTOR IMPACTS 2

IV. SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SAMPLE 2 SUBPROJECTS

A. Description of the Project 2 B. Description of the Environment 4 C. Alternative Analysis 6

D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and 7 Mitigation Measures E. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 11 F. Benefits and Costs of Remedial Measures 14 G. Public Involvement and Disclosure 14 H. Conclusions and Recommendations 16

V. ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR SUBPROJECT 16

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCEDURE 17 A. Environmental Assessment Requirement 17 B. Review Procedure for Environmental Assessment of 17 Subproject and Responsibilities and Authorities C. Environmental Due Diligence to Ensure Compliance with the

ADB’s Environmental Policy 18 D. Public Disclosure 19 E. Staffing Requirement and Budget 19

VII. CONCLUSION 19

APPENDIXES

1. Environmental Management Plan for N70 Multan-Muzaffargarh Section 20 2. Environmental Management Plan for N25 Hub-Uthal Section 41 3. Environmental Management Plan for N50 Kuchlak-Zhob Section 63 4. Environmental Monitoring Plan 86

Tarbela Dam

Mangla Dam

Indu

s R.

Nal

R.

Dasni R.

Ravi R.

Chenab R.

Jhel

um R

.Indu

s R

.

Kunar

R.

Swat

R.

Sutlej R.

A R A B I A N S E A

Rahimyar Khan

Liaqatpur

Multan

BahawalpurRajanpur

Bahawalnagar

Okara

Pakpattan

Kasur

GujranwalaSialkot

Jhelum

Gujrat

ShorkotFaisalabad

Sheikhupura

Kohat

Bannu

Rawalpindi

Batgram

Nowsehra

DasuDir

Chitral

TorkhamMardan Abbottabad

Dera Ghazi Khan

Kot Addu

Zhob

M.K. Bazar

Loralai

Sibi

Dera Bugti

Barkhan

Lakpass

Chamman

Nushki

Jacobabad

Larkana

Kharan

Kalat

Panjgur

Turbat

Khuzdar

Gwadar (Makran)

Gabd

Taftan

UthelLiari

Awaran

Dadu

Thatta

Hyderabad

Sukkur

Rohri

Shikarpur

Federally AdministeredTribal Area

Dera IsmailKhan

Ghotki

Naushahro

Mirau Shah

Manshera

TarnolJand

Hasan Abdal

Mughal Kot

Qila Saifullah

Wiagum Rud

Khanozai

Muzaffargarh

Hub

B A L O C H I S T A N

P U N J A B

NORTH - WEST FRONTIER

S I N D H

I N D I A

I R A N

AFGHANISTAN

National Capital

Provincial Capital

City/Town

Sample Subproject

National Highway

Motorway

River

Provincial Boundary

International Boundary

Boundaries are not necessarily authoritative.

P A K I S TA N

SUBREGIONAL TRANSPORT CONNECTIVITY (PAKISTAN) SECTOR PROJECTNATIONAL HIGHWAYS

05-3435 RM

1000 20050

Kilometers

N

73 00'Eo

73 00'Eo

35 00'No35 00'No

26 00'No

64 00'Eo

64 00'Eo

26 00'No

ISLAMABAD

Karachi

Lahore

Quetta

Peshawar

N-45

N-25

N-5

0

N-55

N-5

5

N-2

5

N-5

N-6

5N-40

N-10

M-9

N-5

N-70

N-75

N-5

N-55

M-2

M-3

M-1

N-15

I. INTRODUCTION 1. This report covers the general assessment of the environmental impacts associated with the proposed subregional transport connectivity sector project in Pakistan, and the summary of the detailed environmental assessment of three sample subprojects: (i) the initial environmental examination (IEE) of the proposed rehabilitation and improvement of national highway N25, section Hub–Uthal, in Balochistan; (ii) the IEE of the proposed rehabilitation and improvement of national highway N50, section Kuchlak–Zhob, in Balochistan; and (iii) the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the proposed rehabilitation and construction of new bypass at the national highway N70, section Multan–Muzaffargarh, in Punjab. This summary takes into account the consultant’s report on the environmental assessment framework prepared as guidance in addressing environmental impacts of the follow-up subprojects. 2. The project will be implemented by employing a sector loan modality. The three subprojects are sample and/or core projects that will be appraised during project preparation. The overall project falls under category “A” according to the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). However, some subprojects may be completed with the IEE report. 3. The assessment studies for the two sample subprojects N25 and N50) were carried out from 1 February to 31 March 2005 by a technical staff consultant on behalf of the National Highway Authority (NHA). Studies for N70 were prepared by National Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK), a local consulting firm contracted by NHA. The environmental assessment reports were prepared in accordance with laws and regulations of the Government and the Environmental Protection Agency of Pakistan, ADB’s environmental policy, and ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines.

II. OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT 4. The proposed project loan is expected to be the first in a series of ADB interventions focusing on the national highway network and its potential to improve subregional connectivity and economic development. The project is designed to (i) improve road sector efficiency on the main transport corridors in Pakistan; (ii) support subregional development by improving the subregional connectivity aspects of the national highways network; and (iii) institutional capacity building of National Highway Authority. To achieve these objectives, the project will (i) rehabilitate key national highways that are part of the subregional corridor, (ii) support subregional development initiatives, and (iii) strengthen NHA. 5. The rehabilitation of the key national highway component will cover roads selected from the draft medium-term development framework (2005–2010), and any change approved as part of the development framework. The subproject will mostly rehabilitate the road to the standard two- or four-lane dual carriage road. However, some subprojects will build a new bypass. Information is inadequate to determine whether any subproject will pass through or pass by an environmentally sensitive area. 6. The national highway network improvement will include activities associated with provision of parking bay facilities strategically along the project corridors. The parking bay

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facilities will provide emergency repairs, accommodation, meals, and prayer facilities to truck drivers and private-vehicle passengers.

7. Institutional strengthening will include (i) enhancing the financing capacity of NHA, (ii) establishing a road safety program as an integral part of NHA operations, and (iii) improving the road maintenance system. Clearly, this component will not involve any physical intervention. 8. On the basis of potential activities of the rehabilitation of key national highways, the project falls under category “A” in accordance with ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, although some activities will only be completed with IEE reports. 9. NHA will be the Executing Agency. The project will be implemented over 6 years and is expected to be completed by 31 December 2011.

III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE SECTOR 10. With the shortest route from Pakistan to Afghanistan, Central Asia, Xinjiang Province of the People’s Republic of China, and parts of Russia, Pakistan is a potential hub for subregional transport and cross-border trade and commerce. A better national highway network, especially in Punjab and Balochistan provinces, will improve direct connectivity between Pakistan and Iran as well as Afghanistan, and indirect connectivity between these countries, Central Asia, and India through Pakistan. The project will indirectly allow Pakistan to develop and to enhance subregional cooperation. 11. The project, however, will not come without environmental consequences. More traffic will increase traffic accidents, including those involving transportation of hazardous goods, as well as collision with animals. Therefore, road safety will be an integral part of NHA operations, including measures to mitigate environmental impacts. More traffic, including cross-border traffic, and, therefore, more vehicle emissions, will increase air pollution. Since most project areas cover abandoned land and desert, increased vehicle emissions are not expected to have a significant impact on human health. Nonetheless, the increase of potential Green House Gas (GHG) related to increased vehicle emission should not be overlooked. Therefore, NHA will systematically monitor air pollution through the subprojects and do more to reduce GHG emissions nationwide. 12. Locally, the project will have environmental consequences, especially during construction. Therefore, assessment of subproject impacts will be an integral part of project management. The summary environmental assessment of the sample subprojects described in the following section will illustrate the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures, and how NHA will implement them.

IV. SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SAMPLE SUBPROJECTS A. Description of the Project 1. Location of the Subprojects 13. The location and length of the subprojects, totaling about 430 kilometers (km), is shown

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in Table 1. The civil works for all subprojects include (i) widening the carriageway to the standard 3 meters (m), (ii) improving or rehabilitating embankments and vertical and horizontal geometry (iii) dismantling some base roads, (iii) reconstructing cross-drainage structures, and (iv) providing auxiliary structures such as bus bays, passenger sheds, and standard road furniture, including proper signage. Two bypasses are planned to ease the congestion in two cities: (i) Muslimbagh on N50 (7.5 km bypass through uninhabited desert), and (ii) Muzaffargarh, on N70 (12.5 km bypass, of which 7.0 km pass through intensively used agriculture land with only few homesteads affected, and 5.5 km pass through public land, mainly sand dunes). Of the three subprojects, only N70 will be constructed as a four-lane dual carriageway, while the others will remain two-lane single carriageways.

Table 1: Basic Information about Subprojects

Name of Subproject / Section

Province District Length (km) Bypass Carriageway

N25 Hub–Uthal Balochistan Lasbela 86 None 2-lane single, 7.3 m

N50 Kuchlak–Zhob Balochistan Pishin, Qila Saifullah, Zhob 306 Muslimbagh

7.5 km 2-lane single,

7.3 m N70 Multan– Muzaffargarh Punjab Multan,

Muzaffargarh 36 Muzaffargarh 15.0 km

4-lane double, 7.3 m

m = meter Source{s}: The consultant IEE reports for N25 and N50 and EIA for N70

2. Scope and Schedules of Operation

14. The construction time for the longest section (N50, 306 km) is 30 months, while the other subprojects will be completed within 24 months. All works are scheduled to start in 2006. All contracts are subject to international bidding and are likely to provide 8,000–9,500 unskilled jobs, mostly in local communities.

3. Need for the Project 15. The project aims to provide better connectivity within Pakistan as well as with neighboring countries, especially Afghanistan and Iran, and several Central Asian countries. Each subproject is summarized below. 16. N25, Hub–Uthal. The highway linking Pakistan with Iran and Turkey. It is a main artery and will become more important when the Makran coastal highway, which links into this section, is completed. This coastal highway connects the port of Gwadar to the rest of the country, especially Karachi and Quetta. Given the prospective traffic volume to transport goods from this new port to the major trade centers in Karachi, the section between Hub and Uthal needs upgrading to cope with this development. 17. N50, Kuchlak–Zhob. N50 is important in the development of Balochistan, primarily because the transport of agricultural products is the area’s main economic activity. The highway is generally in poor condition and many cross-drainage structures are either dilapidated or dysfunctional. The vertical and horizontal geometry urgently needs improvement, and pavement in many parts of the section is in poor condition and less than 3.5 m. An improved highway, particularly the proposed bypass around the highly congested Muslimbagh, will greatly benefit

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the entire region, considerably reducing transport costs and facilitating more efficient movement of passengers and goods. 18. N70, Multan–Muzaffargarh. This national highway connects major urban and economic centers in central and southern Punjab. Inadequate connectivity and access, combined with extreme congestion around Muzaffargarh, impede the Government’s goal of an effective national road network. The improvement to two lanes is expected to minimize major accident risks due to intensive heavy oil tanker traffic.1 Heavy-vehicle traffic must use an inadequate route to avoid the center of Muzaffargarh, taking 3 to 4 hours to cross the town.

B. Description of the Environment 19. The three subprojects vary considerably in physiographic zone, topography, geology, climate, ecology, and socioeconomic conditions. N25 is in an arid, sandy, and almost uninhabited coastal plain. N50 is on a high plateau, equally barren but with rocky lands and few people. N70 is in the Indus Basin, which has fertile flood plains and highly dense urban and rural populations intensively engaged in irrigation culture.

1. N25, Hub–Uthal 20. This road is on the alluvial coastal plains with two major rivers, the Purali and the Vinder. In the first 25 km, originating in the northwest outskirts of Hub, the highway passes through broken sandstone terrain crossed by a number of seasonal dry streams,2 which fill up during winter flash rains. The remaining part of the section lies in desert with sparse shrubs. The climate is hot (up to 45° in the summer) and dry in the winter, but during the monsoon months' humidity rises to 90%. Sand storms are frequent. The Vinder is the only perennial surface water but it dried out during the past year’s prolonged drought. Groundwater is scarce and of poor quality because of salt water intrusion from the coastal zones. The area has a record of seismic acceleration, lying in a moderately active seismic zone. 21. Biological resources are poor because of the lack of habitat variety in the desert. Wildlife is rare except for waterfowl visiting the area to hibernate. Around the alignment are two ecologically sensitive areas: Siranda Lake (5–8 km away, a seasonally appearing brackish water and marshland visited by migratory birds) and Miani Hor (8–11 km away, a shallow lagoon surrounded by dense mangrove stands, and home to two endangered dolphin species). The major tree is the mesquite, an acacia introduced in the late 1950s, which has suppressed almost all indigenous plants. The main vegetation is planted and for agricultural use. 22. The only settlement in the entire stretch is Vinder, whose inhabitants practice small-scale horticulture and seasonal crop culture in the riverbed. Other activities are fish drying on salt-encrusted sediment plains along the highway, fishing in two nearby fishing centers (Sonmiani and Dam, 7 km away), with up to 6,500 fishermen operating there. There are no sites of archaeological, cultural, or tourist significance in the project area.

2. N50, Kuchlak–Zhob 23. This road is in a high-altitude basin (average 1,700 m) surrounded by high mountain ranges. The landscape is generally rugged rocky plain with barely any vegetation. The highway 1 The tankers serve the country’s largest refinery near DG Khan, and the largest light oil filling station near Multan. 2 A small dry stream is known as wadis or nullahs in local language

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ascends 72 km from its starting point at Kuchlak, 26 km north of Quetta, to a saddle of 2,260 m altitude, thereafter descending to a plateau until it reaches Zhob 306 km away. This region is highly diverse in its geological and edaphic features, rich in minerals, and highly affected by active and thrust faults. Much of the road is in the direct vicinity of seismic epicenters, and experiences moderate to strong seismic tectonic events. Winters are cold and semiarid with regular snowfall, and summers are mild and dry with average monthly temperatures of 27–30°C. Rainfall is insufficient to support larger vegetation or, local authorities say, to replenish the aquifers overexploited by orchard farmers and tube-well irrigation activities. Two rivers (the Zhob and the Surkhab) run along the alignment. The entire area is crossed by seasonal nullahs, which receive substantial amounts of sheet flow water collected in the mountains and plains during flash rains. 24. Biodiversity is low because of the massive pressure on wild vegetation from overgrazing. All lands are used as range lands by local shepherds and a large number of nomadic tribes traveling from lowland Punjab to the Afghanistan mountain plains. The mountain ranges are refuges for several rare and endangered species, among them the markhor mountain sheep, urial, and gazelles. Two game reserves are in a 5 km vicinity of the alignment on adjacent high mountain ranges. 25. Settlements are few and concentrated where irrigation is available. The orchards (peaches, apricots, apples, cherries, almonds) are the main sources of production. The section has three towns: Muslimbagh, Qila Saifullah, and Zhob. Zhob has an airport for a few domestic destinations. Local industries are mainly mining (mostly chromites) near Muslimbagh. There are no sites of archaeological, cultural, or tourist significance in the immediate vicinity of the alignment.

3. N70, Multan–Muzaffargarh 26. This project area is in the floodplains of the Indus and Chenab rivers. This area is flat and primarily canal-irrigated, with urban settlements. The soils are composed of alluvial deposits, mainly silty sands with clay, while the last parts of the section (km 25–36) are infertile sandy soils. Muzaffargarh experiences high seismic risks. Summers are long and hot (up to 45°C) and winters are mild. Humidity is 55–65%. Dust storms are frequent during summer. Air quality measured3 in January 2005 around the highway indicated that the values for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were generally within limits permitted by national environmental quality standards. In some locations, however, the suspended particles (185 µg/m³) significantly exceeded acceptable limits (150 µg/m³) because of the poor condition of the surface and shoulders, and poorly maintained vehicles. Noise levels were measured at similar locations, resulting in decibel (dbA) values of 65–79 in 24 hours. The monitored noise levels persistently exceed, particularly at night, the 75 dbA recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). 27. The water resources and the hydraulic regime display a highly dynamic pattern, depending on rainfall, replenishment, drought, and extraction from tube wells and irrigation canals. Drinking water quality ranges from acceptable to extremely poor because of salt intrusion. The groundwater level is extremely low (almost close to the surface), causing frequent and widespread waterlogging during sudden and prolonged rains. The Chenab River poses major risks of flooding Multan and Muzaffargarh (as in 1992). During floods, the highway embankment is likely to succumb to severe pressure from flood waters. 3 Nitrogen oxide (NO2,) sulfur dioxide ( SO2 ) , and particulate matter (PM10.)

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28. Biodiversity is low due to the absence of natural habitats, a consequence of intensive agricultural land use. No wildlife or vegetation is recorded in the nearby 1–5 km corridor of the alignment. The vegetation consists mainly of crops (wheat, cotton) and fruit trees (mango, date palm, apple, and orange). Both end points of this highway section are densely populated urban centers, which provide a large spectrum of facilities. The most prominent industrial feature is the oil filling station at Nawan Basti near the start point of the subproject, and the thermo-power plant located at km 30. No sites of archaeological, cultural, or tourist significance would be affected by the project. C. Alternative Analysis

1. The No-Project Alternatives 29. Without the project, highway conditions would continue to deteriorate because of increasing traffic. Traffic congestion would likely increase and people living along the road would suffer from worsening transportation. Ambient levels of traffic-related pollutants and noise in towns traversed by the roads would increase gradually as population and vehicles increase. If the highway remains unimproved, the growing vehicle fleet would further congest already congested Muslimbagh and Muzaffargarh. Travel times and operation and maintenance of transport for goods and passengers would remain at undesirable levels or worsen as the highway continued to deteriorate, intensifying traffic-related environmental impacts. The above analysis shows that for all subprojects, pursuing the proposed plan is the better option.

2. Alternative Road Alignment at Improvement Sites 30. For all three subprojects no alternatives for alignment are to be considered. Most of the proposed activities are exclusively to widen and improve an alignment. In most cases, the horizontal geometry has the desired configuration or requires minor corrections (as in some stretches of N50). Having alternative options for widening would not have any environmental significance in any locality. Minor site-specific choices of widening options may play a role in the N70 project in some instances where built-up structures impede equal widening on both sides of the alignment. The design engineer has already proposed a certain degree of flexibility to minimize project-related impacts on structures and properties.

3. Alternative Alignments for Bypasses

31. Muslimbagh Bypass. The bypass solution north of the town proposed by the former design consultant was carefully analyzed during the study, particularly taking into account the topography, landownership, and the opinion of some 120 stakeholders consulted in public meetings. The analysis showed that the former solution had several disadvantages—economic, traffic-related, and environmental: it would (i) result in undesirable configuration and geometry; (ii) involve much higher costs, requiring substantial hill cuts; (iii) lead close to the dam of a highly sensitive public water retention pond; and (iv) largely use land owned, administered, and built up by the military. The conclusion that this alternative should be ruled out is widely shared by local stakeholders, including military officials. The environment consultant therefore explored, together with the design engineer, another bypass corridor (7.5 km) to the south of Muslimbagh, which resulted in almost-ideal conditions in terms of (i) minimizing land acquisition, (ii) causing no resettlement, (iii) affecting no environmental values or posing air or noise pollution to adjacent settlement, (iv) being more conducive to the geometric solution, and (v) being

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substantially more economical as it would be constructed in flat desert where only two small nullahs and one canal need to be bridged. 32. Muzaffargarh Bypass. In 1996, NESPAK recommended a 20 km northern bypass around Muzaffargarh. The choice of alignment was based on the following considerations: (i) to provide a bund as flood protection for the town4, and (ii) to provide ample room for expansion of the urban area northward. Screening an alternative shorter alignment for cost considerations was not given sufficient weight at that time. In February 2005, NESPAK was requested by the NHA to consider alternatives. The environment consultant helped acquire and analyze a 2.5 m resolution satellite image of the area and explored the possibility of identifying a new corridor with a significantly shorter (8 km) bypass, with both endpoints moved closer to the town center. The newly explored corridor is under detailed survey. Land acquisition (agriculture land and one fish culture pond) is expected to be required for the first 11 km, while the remaining 4 km would lead to public uninhabited and unused land composed of sand dunes. The impact on structures and homes (requiring resettlement) is expected to be minimal.

4. Alternative Transport Modes 33. The N25 and N50 subprojects have no alternative means to road transport because of the lack of railway links, navigable waterways, and airports. 34. The N70 subproject has alternatives to road transport, such as railway links, seasonally navigable waterways, and airports. However, these transport modes are unsuitable for the volume of passengers and goods and for demand to transport them by road. The transport of petrol and light oil between the oil refinery at D.G. Khan and Nawan Basti Shaifan Wallah filling station is affected by road and rail tankers. D. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

1. Impacts Related to Design and Location a. N25, Hub–Uthal 35. Taking into account the sparse population, the absence of marked agriculture activities and vegetation, the absence of surface water, the low groundwater table, the absence of ecologically sensitive areas in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor, no major impacts were identified, since the entire project will use the existing alignment. Widening to standard width will, in most cases, only involve a physical interference up to 3 m from the existing shoulder. Widening could interfere with local business only in Vinder. Valuable or planted vegetation along the entire road corridor would not be affected. Two localities (school, madrasa) have been identified as sensitive to noise interference, and hedges should be planted as noise barriers. Water stagnation is not a risk in the desert. Borrow material excavation, however, could mar the landscape. The environmental management plan (EMP) ensures that this will be properly managed. 36. Sudden and exceptionally strong flash rains can considerably damage regional roads. Guided by recent and substantial road damage in the region, the designers will recalculate the strength and protective parameters for all structures and embankments. Other natural impacts 4 This argument has been discarded because a large number of culverts must be built in this area, which is prone to waterlogging.

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on the project are caused by drift sands and the development of dunes (observed up to 1.5 m), migrating at an almost perpendicular angle to the alignment. The sand partly and temporarily covers the carriageway, often completely choking cross-drainage structures. Remedial measures include (i) designing the embankment to a level so that less sand is deposited on the pavement, (ii) considering the planting of sand-dune stabilizing shrubs that are not palatable to grazers, and (iii) install warning signs to raise the driver’s attention and to reduce speed along stretches where drift sand impacts are likely to occur. Finally, the design of structures will take the seismic acceleration risks into account.

b. N50, Kuchlak–Zhob 37. Taking into account the sparse population, the absence of major vegetation (apart from irrigated orchard farms), the absence of surface waters, the low groundwater table, and the absence of ecologically sensitive areas in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor, no major impacts caused by project location were identified, since the entire project will use the existing alignment. The same holds true for the location of the Muslimbagh bypass, where no environmental impacts are foreseen as it passes entirely through uninhabited desert. Widening to standard width will, in most cases, only involve a physical interference up to 3 m from the existing shoulder. The only locality where such widening could interfere with local business is in the immediate vicinity of towns and some villages along the highway. The project hardly involves the removal of any significant vegetation, but if so, for each tree cut, two of similar quality will be planted. Water stagnation is not a risk in the desert. 38. All design solutions need to take the high seismic acceleration risks into account. Flash floods and massive sheet flows running over the rocky plains particularly need to be mitigated. A total of 109 causeways, posing major obstacles and safety risks, will be replaced by bridges or culverts to allow all-weather safe driving conditions. Noise control measures in built-up areas are of less concern because high mud walls encircle private compounds and are ideal barriers against traffic noise. 39. Borrow material excavation may mar the landscape if not properly managed. However, given the abundance of suitable sub-grade material there is little likelihood of such impacts. c. N70, Multan–Muzaffargarh 40. Permanent adverse impacts affecting primarily the socioeconomic setting will result from duplication and widening of the carriageway to standard width. Except on public land (e.g., km 25–36), this will require land acquisition and removal of structures within the right-of-way, particularly in the new Muzaffargarh bypass alignment. Remedial measures will substantially focus on (i) an inventory of affected properties, (ii) a survey of project-affected owners, (iii) establishment of the compensation framework, and (iv) implementation of the compensation and resettlement plan. As soon as the alignment is fixed, the design concept foresees a detailed survey carried out by a sociologist–resettlement specialist on the social and economic consequences of land acquisition, and identification of all project-affected structures, assets, and production eligible for compensation. Land acquisition may result, among others, in permanent loss of an irreplaceable natural resource5 and of agricultural production, and loss of livelihood for landowners, sharecroppers, mortgagees, tenants, and agricultural laborers who live off the project-affected land. Other likely impacts include disruption of family life and loss of property on

5 The pre-inventory of NESPAK identified the cutting of 1,382 trees and 3,000 shrubs along the proposed alignment.

This inventory needs to be updated during the preparation of the detail design study.

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the project-affected land, or the need to rebuild the homestead. To mitigate these potential impacts, a land acquisition plan and a resettlement action plan will guarantee full and fair compensation payment to all eligible project-affected persons. 41. Long-term environmental impacts may result from the location of the new embankment in areas subject to seasonal waterlogging. A high embankment may interfere with agricultural and irrigation schemes if no proper cross-drainage is planned. The reconstruction of embankments and construction of most bridges and culverts will need temporary land acquisition for diversions to permit uninterrupted traffic flow. More land may be required at the site of major structures as storage or steel assembly areas. Contractors normally negotiate their own arrangements with landowners to use land for diversions and additional space. 42. The location of work campsites and borrow pits may have various environmental impacts and mar the landscape if not properly selected and managed. Contractors’ base camps are expected to require varied areas. Internationally recruited contractors need large (up to 3 ha) areas that can temporarily house up to 500 people. Base camps will include offices, plant yards, workshops, laboratories, materials storage and refueling areas, access roads, etc. The lease of borrow sites may also have a number of temporary impacts, from land-use conflicts, waterlogging, and erosion, to public health and safety concerns. Land will be needed for temporary use as road diversions during construction. Remedial measures will include a number of provisions to be included in the contractor’s contracts, as explained in the EMP. 43. Key adverse impacts of this subproject include a significant risk of soil and groundwater pollution caused by heavy traffic of petrol tankers6 (1,500–1,800 per day) up and down the new highway section. The worst scenario is the collision of two oil tankers, spilling up to 80,000 liters of hydrocarbons on the highway and/or the embankment, causing serious risk of infiltrating either highly permeable or impermeable soils. If the soil is highly permeable, the shallow groundwater and irrigation network would be polluted, with major long-term consequences for public health, land use, agricultural production, and regional economic development. If the soil is highly impermeable, large amounts of oil patches may develop in surface depressions, causing threats to public health, land-use conflicts, sludge disposal problems, nuisance, and loss of landscape values. Discussions were held with the design engineers to choose feasible and economic technical solutions to mitigate and minimize the identified risks. 44. As in many parts of Pakistan, a new bypass may encourage encroachment and ribbon development, along the new road,7 congesting the roads and causing traffic bottlenecks and safety hazards. Remedial measures are included in the EMP.

2. Impacts Related to Construction 45. The anticipated impacts of road construction are almost similar for all three subprojects. Except for the N-50 subproject, which operates in hilly stretches that may need blasting, the use of dynamite is not foreseen, and control blasting will be adopted. However, safeguard measures have been put in place to avoid environmental and other hazards of using dynamite. Although balance cut and fill will be adopted, the contractor will also be required to submit a plan for disposing of excess cutting materials; dumping them in the down-slope area without stabilization measures is not permitted.

6 Each tanker with a carrying capacity of 40,000 liters of light crude oil. 7 An example is the bypass around Manserah on N35, which has lost its original purpose while being heavily encroached on.

10

46. The most common problems during construction are those associated with the siting of work camps, vehicle parking lots, and material stacks. Contractor camps will not be allowed near settlements as their activities cause competition for local resources, ambient air pollution and noise, public health and public and labor safety problems, social tensions, and disputes over a number of conflicting issues, all of which are addressed in the EMP. 47. The bulk of anticipated impacts during this project phase are of an adverse but temporary nature—most if not all subject to mitigation measures. In all cases, the identified impacts are localized in a small corridor adjacent to construction and haulage sites. All the normal preventive measures such as routine maintenance of machinery, sprinkling of water, and scheduling of project activities have been proposed to minimize the impact on air and noise quality during construction. The EMPs indicate that all identified impacts and respective mitigation measures are incorporated in the tender and contract documents, while the main task of the supervision consultant is to monitor the contractor’s compliance with these clauses. 48. Benefits from construction are up to 9,500 temporary jobs for the local, mostly poor, people. Given the low population density and scarce sources of additional income, the local economy will particularly benefit. Labor-intensive construction methods will be adopted to create as many jobs as possible, reduce rural poverty, and develop new skills that can be used in future projects. Local shopkeepers and restaurants will have more business from meeting construction workers’ needs and providing supplementary services.

3. Impacts Related to the Operational Phase 49. After completion of construction, the improved highway may cause several adverse impacts in the subproject areas. The highway is designed to generate high operating speeds and higher vehicular densities, which will invariably lead to speeding. Increased traffic volume will affect public health and the quality of life. Such adverse impacts, if not properly addressed, will include (i) deterioration of ambient air8 quality, (ii) increase in noise levels and vibration, (iii) increase in accidents and spills of and contamination by hazardous materials such as oil, and (iv) creation of hazardous and undesired habitats such as abandoned borrow pits. However, the construction of the Muzaffargarh bypass will also reduce the noise in the town, which exceeds 75 dbA. Other concerns relate to accidents due to wildlife collisions and exploitation, and sudden sand storms and flash floods. Remedial measures for each issue were elaborated, including, among others, (i) regular monitoring of ambient air quality and noise levels, and corrective measures as required (speed limits, noise barriers, etc.); (ii) safety audits and proper signage, awareness campaigns, and law enforcement; (iii) elaboration of contingency plans in case of major accidents involving road blockage, soil and groundwater contamination, flood damage, earthquake damage, etc.; and (iv) rehabilitation measures for abandoned borrow pits, such as turning them into fish culture ponds. 50. Highway development generally threatens the traditional lifestyle in formerly remote areas. Road and highway development brings increased economic opportunities but also negative socioeconomic changes such as higher prices for amenities and land and the spread of communicable diseases. New bypasses and improved road connections attract new settlements, resulting in induced ribbon developments, which ultimately result in slump populations without supportive infrastructure, thereby becoming traffic bottlenecks that threaten

8 The scope of this IEE did not provide for first-hand measuring air quality and noise level parameters; therefore,

secondary information and tests are cited to assess comparable situations. However, for the EIA, water and air samples were taken to get the picture of the air and water quality condition of the project area.

11

road safety. Remedial measures include law enforcement against encroachment on the right-of-way, public awareness campaigns using the initiatives of locally operating nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and proper highway management. 51. All three subprojects are believed to bring a number of benefits, which are highly appreciated by local communities. For example, tree plantations within the right-of-way will serve multiple functions—beautifying the landscape; absorbing emissions; and providing timber, fodder, and habitat. Embankment plantations will contain soil erosion and act as primary buffers and absorbents in case of accidents resulting in oil and other spills. The shrubs planted to stabilize sand dunes contribute to road safety as well as enrich the desert habitat. 52. Based on ADB’s experience in India and Pakistan,9 road improvement projects have, in the long run, helped reduce poverty and improve local socioeconomic conditions. The proposed project will directly reduce poverty by lowering the costs of transport for the poor traveling to work, markets, clinics, and schools. The public will benefit from the road safety awareness programs proposed to be incorporated in the project design. The public and all road users will highly benefit from the new bypasses around congested Muslimbagh and Muzaffargarh. E. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan

1. Environmental Management Plan

53. The EMPs for all three subprojects describe detailed remedial and safeguard measures for all potential impacts identified during the assessment studies. The EMPs aim to ensure that adverse impacts associated with the project are addressed at any stage, either by preventing them or by mitigating them to an acceptable level by adopting the most suitable technical and economic option. Where possible and applicable, the EMPs provide for in-kind compensation for lost or damaged environmental resources and private and public assets. All efforts will be made to ensure that local values and cultural and religious sensitivities are respected. All subproject plans strictly adhere to national laws and environmental standards and regulations. All remedial environmental management measures for each subproject are detailed in tabular matrixes in Appendixes 1–3, describing mitigation, location, time duration, and institutional actions as well as supervision responsibilities to be followed during project design, construction, and operation. 54. The EMPs recommend maintaining the current road alignments, and providing for efficient drainage networks, retaining structures, various anti-erosion measures, particularly for cross-drainage structures, including gabions, stone-pitching, wing wall protection, and biological control measures such as revegetation of embankment slopes using soil-binding plants. Emphasis is on engineering solutions for bridges and culverts while addressing (i) the hydraulic regime when flash floods transform the dry nullahs into torrents, and (ii) the tectonic faults and seismic risk that need to be taken into account for structure stability design and choice of materials. In built-up areas, care is taken to maintain the integrity of protecting walls (e.g., at orchards adjacent to the right-of-way) and to rehabilitate or, if necessary, construct new roadside canals to drain storm waters. If the construction of both new bypasses is deviated because of changes in the detail design, the following measures need to be adopted: the NHA has to consult potential project-affected people in preparing the final alignment to know their concerns and to address them; (ii) the NHA should submit to ADB the final detail design with the final alignment; and (iii) ADB, in close consultation with the NHA, will decide whether an

9 ADB, 2000. Technical Assistance for Assessing the Impact of Transport and Energy Infrastructure on Poverty

Reduction. Manila (RETA 5947).

12

additional environmental assessment study needs to be carried out. Similar approaches have to be carried out for construction of parking facilities. 55. The EMPs take care of the location of construction camps, placing and the operation schedule of equipment, use of borrow sites, procurement and excavation methods, and rehabilitation measures after completion of works. Similarly, all issues related to water use by the contractors for either construction or consumption is addressed to avoid any conflict with local resource users. Waste management prescriptions are also described. 56. Safety measures represent a major element throughout the EMPs, including design solutions, traffic signs, solutions for temporary diversions, and special protection actions for sensitive locations. Due to the peculiar climatic and soil conditions (high wind speeds and sandy soils constantly shifted toward the road), locally confined dune stabilization measures are proposed. On certain stretches, environmental enhancement measures (such as roadside planting and embankment vegetation) are proposed to fulfill multiple functions such as controlling erosion, protecting shoulders, controlling emissions, maintaining roadside safety, absorbing traffic-induced emissions, and beautifying the landscape. 57. As for impact mitigation measures during construction, the EMPs detail which aspects and clauses need to be included in the contractor’s documents to enable and facilitate compliance monitoring.

2. Environmental Monitoring Plan 58. An environmental monitoring plan for the subproject is prepared to (i) check whether the mitigation and enhancement measures are adequate and effective, and whether all activities carried out during construction comply with Iegal and community obligations, including safety and health concerns; (ii) provide the means to address unforeseen and uncertain impacts when the EMP is prepared; and (iii) provide inputs to improve the planning and execution of similar future highway projects. Two monitoring approaches will be adopted as part of project implementation: (i) compliance monitoring, which checks whether the actions proposed by the EMP have been carried out, by visual observation, photographic documentation, and the use of checklists prepared in the EMP; and (ii) effects monitoring, which records the consequences of program activities on the biophysical and social environment; as applicable, these effects are repeatedly measured by applying selected indicators. The overall environmental monitoring will be carried out by contracted independent laboratories and/or by the environmental expert employed by the supervision consultant for all three subprojects. The monitoring of the implementation of the EMP should be documented and semiannual report submitted to ADB. 59. The environmental monitoring plans for each subproject are detailed in Appendixes 1–4. The plans define the monitoring mechanism and identify a set of verifiable monitoring parameters, and a detailed schedule for sampling specific environmental parameters 10 at predefined locations. The schedule and selection of sample sites have been developed in view of (i) logistic conditions, (ii) importance and relevance of parameter and likelihood of environmental implications, and (iii) locations that may experience different intensities of impact at certain periods during construction and operation. As applicable, all tested parameters will be analyzed in relation to the permissible standards set out in the national environmental quality

10 Water quality tests (eight parameters), ambient air (five parameters), noise (dbA) at different distances, and visual Inspections of plantations, drainage structures, soil, and other resources likely to be contaminated.

13

standard (NEQS). Suitable verification indicators will also be subject to the training activities proposed in the task of the supervision consultant.

3. Authorities and Implementation Responsibilities 60. The EMPs identify the institutional linkage and responsible parties to implement each action, particularly compliance control and communication of the planned and ongoing activities to the communities. Key players for efficient and timely implementation of the EMPs and their respective responsibilities are summarized in Table 2.

Table 2: Key Institutions and their Responsibilities to Implement the EMPs

Agency/Person Main Function Additional Responsibilities Relation to

project stage NHA–GM Planning Project proponent

and implementing agency, overall coordination

Hiring contractors, description and awarding of contracts, setting penalties for noncompliance

Throughout the project’s life

NHA–Project Director Technical project administration

Support by deputy project coordinators at each subproject site to oversee construction activities and assist in compliance monitoring

Construction phase

NHA–Director Environment

Ensuring all environmental compliances, review of compliance reports

Oversee inclusion of environmental safeguard clauses to be incorporated in contracts for each subproject; Assist in compliance monitoring Forward compliance reports to EPAs Initiate elaboration of environmental contingency plans

Pre-design and supervision period

Supervision Consultanta Assist in preparation of tendering documents

Ensure incorporation of environmental safeguard clauses in contracts, prepare detailed work plan for environmental management and monitoring, reporting and liaison with line agencies and NGOs, conducting workshops and environmental training upon request

Supervision period (30–36 months)

Environmental Protection Agency/ Federal and Provincial Level

Administering environmental legal matters, review of IEE/EIAs

Issuing of environmental clearance certificates General supervision of all project-related environmental matters

Permanent mandate

Forest and Wildlife Department

Maintenance and planting of roadside trees

Wildlife protection, administering protected areas, issuing of licenses for special uses of forest lands and reserves

Permanent mandate

Local Authorities local administrative matters and public services

Contingency planning, law and order coordination, land-use rights, control of illegal encroachment, safe waste disposal, resolving social conflicts

Permanent mandate

National Highway and Motorway Police

Control and management of highway traffic

Law and order enforcement, vehicle control, resolving encroachment issues and social conflicts

Permanent mandate

NGOs and CBOs Various social and environmental program activities

Public health and awareness programs, environmental checks, poverty reduction programs, etc.

As per mandate

a International consulting firm, contracted by NHA, which will provide an environmental expert leading all environmental supervision tasks, and a resident engineer responsible for day-to-day supervision for all technical activities.

Source{s}: Consultant IEE Reports for N25 and N50, and EIA report for N70

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F. Benefits and Costs of Remedial Measures

1. Benefits 61. The main benefits resulting from the proposed projects are associated with improvement of highway road conditions and construction of bypasses around congested cities, leading to time and fuel savings. Some non-quantified benefits of mitigation measures are better vegetation cover after replanting; control of air, noise, and water pollution; and rehabilitation of borrow areas.

2. Cost of Mitigative Measures 62. Most of the technical measures proposed to mitigate adverse environmental impacts are related to the need to cope with natural phenomena that affect the subprojects’ physical structures. Most of the measures include additional cross-drainage structures to cope with flash rains and sheet flows, or to match the engineering requirements to withstand calculated wind speeds and seismic acceleration. All these costs are incorporated in the overall project costs. The contract costs for the supervision consultant, who will field an environment expert to oversee EMP implementation, will equally be borne by the overall project costs. 63. Costs directly related to the implementation of the EMP, as for roadside and trial plantations for different purposes, and for compliance and effect monitoring activities, are as follows:

(i) N25 Subproject: Investment and recurrent costs Rs7,150,000 Environmental enhancement and training Rs1,320,000 Monitoring (incl. Contingencies 5%) Rs3,173,100

Total Rs12,843,100

(ii) N50 Subproject: Investment and recurrent costs Rs13,210,000 Environmental enhancement and training Rs2,520,000 Monitoring (incl. Contingencies 5%) Rs13,801,200

Total Rs31,931,200

(iii) N70 Subproject: Investment and recurrent costs Rs6,000,000 Environmental enhancement and training Rs1,320,000 Monitoring (incl. Contingencies 5%) Rs3,173,100

Total Rs11,639,100

64. The total cost estimate for implementing the EMPs for all three subprojects amounts to Rs56,413,400 ($956,160), some of which will be part of the construction costs. All costs will be in local currency. Half of this budget will be required at the start of each subproject. G. Public Involvement and Disclosure 65. Informal ad hoc meetings, interviews, and formal stakeholders’ consultation meetings were organized during the environmental assessment studies. A total of 378 persons have been interviewed in the three subprojects. Stakeholders—from government officials to a broad variety

15

of local people and road users—were consulted to identify their concerns, apprehensions, and opinions, as well as to understand the perceptions of the subprojects of people living in the areas affected. 66. Results. The topics discussed during the public consultation were highly diverse, ranging from water resources, and means of subsistence, to wildlife, forests and trees, fuelwood, and purely private interests. Many stakeholders asked how to solve road construction and traffic-related issues such as disruption of social life, nuisance, accident risks, disturbance of roadside business, and cultural and other conflicts with migrant workers. Depending on landownership, some people were concerned about loss of property and fair and timely compensation. Some commented on problems that could emerge once the project is completed, such as accidents due to speeding and dust storms. Effectiveness and transparency of law enforcement (e.g., for violating driving regulations) were also mentioned. Most concerns related to impacts and nuisance expected from construction, waste management, dust control, and proper planning and management of diversion roads. Some people suggested building high anti-noise walls on both sides of the highway passing through the built-up areas. A few apprehensions related to social conflicts with the large influx of foreign workers. 67. A number of concrete proposals were forwarded relating to the project design, such as provision of sufficient drainage structures; special paths for bicycles, rickshaws, and pedestrians; and bus bays with passenger shelters and toilet facilities. The public consultation also indicated that the area is prone to accidents involving heavy vehicles, and valuable comments were received on how to mitigate these risks (e.g., strong guardrails along identified black spots). A few were concerned about potential changes in their suburban setting and community life, mainly because the new highway would increase locally air pollution and noise levels. Some shopkeepers said that planting noise-absorbing vegetation would hinder their economic activities. At best, they agreed to the planting of hedges in sensitive spots such as hospitals, mosques, schools, and madrasas. Most, however, emphasized stronger measures to ban the excessive use of pressure horns in built-up areas. 68. For N70, people potentially affected by the construction of the Muzaffargarh bypass were consulted in Gujja Basti village. Their concerns mostly focused on adequate and timely compensation. During the preparation of detail design, further consultation will be held and reported. The public generally had a highly positive attitude toward the subprojects. People interviewed unanimously welcomed bypasses N50 and N70, expecting that they would ease their lives and contribute to economic growth in the region. Most agreed that the benefits of the improved highways would far exceed the negative impacts, or that some losses needed to be accepted to accommodate the public’s needs. 69. All project-related findings and feasible measures proposed during the public consultation have been fully taken into account in developing the mitigation and monitoring activities outlined in the EMP. 70. The result of this public consultation will be communicated, through submission of the respective IEE and EIA reports, to the provincial EPA. According to its own regulatory requirements, the EPA is likely to hold its own mandatory public hearings and publish a 30-days’ notice for public hearing in the national and local newspapers before providing environmental clearance, especially for activities involving N50 and N70. Therefore, environmental clearance should be obtained by NHA from the relevant EPA before starting any civil works for N50 and N70. In the hearing as part of public consultation to obtain environmental clearance, the public

16

will be informed of the proposed remedial measures to take their concerns into account, and how these measures will be embedded in the project’s administration and implementation. The public will also be informed by the same authority of notification procedures and the individual’s right to forward complaints, and how these will be addressed by setting up a grievance redress and monitoring office. H. Conclusions and Recommendations 71. The set of mitigation measures described in the EMP is believed to be adequate. Therefore, detailed technical design structures must be incorporated into it. The identified adverse environmental impacts during the rehabilitation and improvement works, including the bypass, are believed to be mitigable to acceptable levels. For the three subprojects, the expected long-term economic, social, and environmental benefits will far exceed the adverse impacts, most of which will be temporary and of a magnitude that can be mitigated or set off. 72. The recommended remedial measure for emergencies likely to occur in all three subprojects—oil spillage after a major tanker accident, flood, earthquake, landslide, or avalanche—is the elaboration of comprehensive site-specific contingency plans. The communication and response system in these areas should be improved to minimize the response time, while the local authorities with other relevant agencies mobilize their resources. The emergency plans need to incorporate swift and efficient public information channels to cooperate with rescue and other response measures. The provincial EPAs, together with the director for the environment of NHA, will put these contingency plans in place. 73. Most impacts associated with construction are temporary. The predicted adverse impacts will be minimized and reduced by implementing the prescribed mitigation measures and will be continually monitored by implementing and updating the EMP. 74. Parking facilities component was included in the project at the loan fact-finding mission and therefore, was not included in the scope of the EIA/IEEs for the sample subprojects. Exact location and design have not been identified yet. Therefore, environmental assessment for the component should be done after the identification of the component at the detail design study stage. For the follow up subprojects, environmental assessment for parking facilities will be carried out as a part of subproject component. For these three sample subprojects, an additional environmental assessment including EMP for the construction of parking facilities need to be carried out during detail design study.

V. ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR SUBPROJECT 75. Considering the potential environmental impacts of the sample subprojects and potential impacts associated with construction of parking facilities of border trade facilities, the following criteria will be adopted for selection of the follow-up subprojects:

(i) The subprojects shall only be selected from the NHA’s priority roads as part of the project.

(ii) The subprojects shall only involve legal activities. (iii) The subproject should not pass through the core zone or, as much as possible,

include any stretch that passes through any multifunction zone or buffer zone of designated wild-life sanctuaries, national parks, and other sanctuaries.

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(iv) The subproject should as much as possible not include any stretch passing through any area that is ecologically sensitive and significant as recognized by the Government or any area that is internationally significant (such as protected wetland designated by the Wetland Convention).

(v) The subproject should as much as possible not include any stretch that passes through any cultural heritage designated by the Government or by international agencies such as UNESCO.

(vi) Parking facilities, which will be used to accommodate rest area for heavy vehicle, should not be located nearby residential areas.11

VI. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCEDURE

A. Environmental Assessment Requirement

76. Taking into account the potential impacts related with the subproject; ADB’s environmental assessment guidelines; and Pakistan Environmental Assessment Guidelines and Regulations, based on the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (1997), the subprojects will be classified by adopting the following environmental classification:

(i) Subprojects will be categorized as “A”, requiring an EIA, including an EMP, if

(a) the subproject requires complex mitigation measures, which need to be prepared through an in-depth assessment of the impacts and need a detailed study to prepare mitigation measures;

(b) the subproject will have an impact on the ecologically sensitive area by passing through a multizone or buffer zone or less than 500 m from any wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, other sanctuaries, or areas recognized by the Government or are of international significance (such as protected wetland designated by the Wetland Convention) or any cultural heritage designated by UNESCO; and

(c) the subproject will establish a bypass or the realignment will pass through

any ecologically sensitive areas (hilly or mountainous forested area, wetlands, nearby estuarine or other ecologically important areas) or if impact is expected to be significant.

(ii) Subprojects will be categorized as “B,” requiring an IEE, including an EMP, if the

they require mitigation measures that can be easily identified, implemented, and managed, to be integrated into project implementation and operation.

B. Review Procedure for Environmental Assessment of Subproject and

Responsibilities and Authorities

77. To prepare the follow-up subprojects and to comply with ADB’s environmental safeguard policy and the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, NHA and ADB agreed on the following:

11 This special criteria is applied also for selecting location of parking facilities of these three sample subprojects, as environmental impact assessment studies for these sample subprojects will be carried out separately at the detail design study stage.

18

(i) NHA will take the following responsibilities:

(a) Prepare an environmental screening checklist and classified the subprojects.

(b) Based on the environmental classification of the subprojects, prepare the terms of reference to conduct an IEE or EIA study.

(c) Hire an environmental consultant to prepare an IEE or EIA report, including an EMP, and SEIA for public disclosure.

(d) Undertake an initial review of the IEE and summary IEE or EIA and SEIA. (e) Submit the IEE or EIA report and the review form to ADB as part of the

approval of subproject. (f) Obtain Government permits (such as environmental clearance, Non-

Objection Certificate (NOC), forest clearance, and water board clearance). (g) Ensure that all regulatory clearances are obtained before starting civil

works for the subproject. (h) Submit to ADB the IEE and summary IEE or EIA and SEIA as well as all

the required Government clearances. (i) Ensure that the required mitigation measures during construction are

included in the bidding document. (j) Ensure that contractors have access to the EIA or IEE and EMP report of

the subproject. (k) Ensure that an environmental management and monitoring plan,

including all proposed mitigation measures, are properly implemented. (l) Monitor the implementation of environmental management plan and

present it in the environmental monitoring report. (m) In case unpredicted environmental impacts occur during project

implementation, provide and implement an environmental emergency program.

(n) In case a subproject needs to have its alignment changed or its environmental classification reconfirmed, review it to determine whether a supplementary IEE or EIA study is required. If it is required, prepare the terms of reference for undertaking a supplementary IEE or EIA and hire an environment consultant to carry out the study.

(o) Submit the semiannual report on implementing the EMP and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP) to include an implementation environmental emergency program, if any, to the Pakistan EPA and to ADB.

(ii) ADB will take the following responsibilities:

(a) Review the IEE or EIA report as a basis to issue the subproject’s

approval. (b) Monitor the implementation of the EMP and due diligence as part of

overall project review mission.

C. Environmental Due Diligence to Ensure Compliance with the ADB’s Environmental Policy

78. NHA should ensure that ADB can undertake environmental due diligence for all subprojects. However, NHA has the main responsibility for undertaking environmental due diligence and monitoring the implementation of environmental mitigation measures for all

19

subprojects. The due diligence report as well as monitoring implementation of the environmental management plan needs to be documented systematically. D. Public Disclosure 79. NHA and ADB agree that in disclosing the environmental document to the public, (i) NHA is responsible for ensuring that all environmental assessment documentation, including the environmental due diligence and monitoring reports, are properly and systematically kept as part of an NHA project-specific record; (ii) all environmental documents are subject to public disclosure, and therefore should be made available to public, if requested; and (iii) for category-A subprojects, the SEIA needs to be disclosed to the public through NHA and ADB’s websites 120 days before civil works start. The SEIA has to be reviewed by ADB before it is disclosed to the public. E. Staffing Requirement and Budget 80. NHA has an environment adviser at the Office of the Member Planning. The adviser, under the direct guidance of the Member of Planning, will ensure that the environmental assessment and review framework are strictly implemented. Environment consultants will be hired to (i) prepare IEEs and EIAs for the follow-up subprojects, and (ii) supervise the implementation of mitigation measures as well as the EMP. NHA’s responsibility for environmental monitoring and monitoring of EMP implementation will be outsourced. However, the semiannual report on implementing the EMP will be prepared by the environmental adviser of NHA. 81. The project costs have incorporated a budget and resource need to (i) implement the environmental review procedure, (ii) undertake the IEE and EIA study for the follow-up subprojects, (iii) monitor the implementation of the mitigation measures and EMP, and (iv) undertake environmental monitoring.

VII. CONCLUSION

82. The potential environmental impacts generated by the subprojects are expected to be manageable. However, EMP implementation needs to be monitored continuously, and the semiannual report on EMP implementation submitted to ADB and the relevant Government agencies. 83. The environmental assessment and review framework have been formulated to ensure that the project will be implemented in accordance with ADB’s and the Government’s environmental policies.

20 Appendix 1

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR N70 MULTAN - MUZAFFARGARH SECTION

Institutional ResponsibilityActivities and Actions

Environmental Issue/

Component

Proposed Mitigation Measures

Referencea to Contract

Document

Approximate Location (will be

updated during the detail design)

Timeframe

Mitigation Budgetb Implementation Supervision

A. DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

A.1. ALIGNMENT and SHOULDER WIDTH OPTIONS A.1.1. Formation width in built-up areas

Hindrance of market oppor-tunities, loading and vending activities

In built-up areas, apply as feasible some flexibility in widening on one side only

Incorporate technical design features that allows flexible shoulder width in towns

Explore the incorporation of additional parking lots and bus bays

Possibly only in few built-up areas; in towns - ditto -

throughout project life

Technical Design Engineer

NHA/ENV/RE

A.1.2. Land acquisition

Loss of homes, assets and land

Minimize land acquisition wherever possible Provide adequate compensation based on resettlement plan

In built-up & crop lands

observe prescribed notification

Resettlement Expert

NHA

A.2. SAFETY A.2.1. Design highway to standards with special reference to local dangers

Uneasy traffic flow, congestions and undesired encounters with slow traffic and pedestrians; Hazardous driving conditions due to livestock crossing and drift sands.

Improve road geometry Provide markings for centre and edge lines and stop lines at junctions and bus stops

All signs, markings and bridge plates must be reflectorized

Improve junction and flyover layouts In built-up areas, incorporate service lane and crossings for pedestrians as feasible

bus, taxi and rickshaw bays in built-up areas Warning signage where drift sands occur Prevent farmer vehicles crossing the highway (e.g. continual guardrails) and provide sufficiently dimensioned culverts for passage through highway alignment

Applies for all built-up areas on entire alignment



NHA/ENV/RE

a Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation. b Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEIA Report, Tab. 2.

Appendix 1 21



Component



Document



Timeframe


A.2.2. Oil spillage caused by to tanker accidents

Contamination of soil and water resources, with subsequent environmental hazards

Detailed technical design solutions to curb contamination risks, e.g. guardrails, curbs, special embankment surface and sub-grade treatment (GPM), turfing, aprons, lined drainages leading to fenced separator/ retention ponds

Elaboration of contingency plan

Km 0 to 27

entire project

Throughout project life

- ditto -

Project Costs Local Gvt

Design Engineer Env./NHA

NHA/ENV/RE Local Govt. and EPA

A.3. STRUCTURES A.3.1. Location in area with strong sheet and flash flow risks

Flash flows may damage structures or cause drainage problems in urban areas

Adequately design cross-sections of drainage structures based on hydraulic studies, taking regional/local lessons learned into consideration

Protective measures against scour problems at bridges and culverts (gabions at abutments, retaining- and wingwalls, aprons for culverts); rip-rap and/or, as applicable, additional planting with soil-stabilizing shrubs and grasses

In built-up areas, provide sufficient sizing of drains, possibly install small check dams to reduce velocity of water flow.

All structures will be constructed with reasonable safety against seismic acceleration

throughout Project Corridor


Technical Design Engineer - ditto - - ditto - - ditto -

NHA/ENV/RE

A.3.2. Location in area subject to dust and sand storms

Drift sands and storm gusts causing obstruc-tion and risks for driving

Design standards of structures to withstand wind velocities of 130 km/hr, including the consideration of longitudinal forces.

for stabilizing aeolic sediments (non-palatable to grazers) test planting of scrubs next to embankment

Plan for regular road maintenance during season with high incidents of dust storms

Applicable mainly between km 25 and 36

Shortly before commencement

Trial and enhance-ment plan-ting budget EMP

NHA SC/ENV

EPA NHA Mainte-nance

22 Appendix 1



Component



Document



Timeframe


A.3.3. Location in area with strong seismicity

Seismic activities may damage structures

Adequately design all structures based on material/ construction studies that take into account activities up to the seismic scales indicated in the seismicity maps.

Seismic loads for bridges to be computed in accordance to Draft Seismic Code of Pakistan.

Discuss with local authorities contingency planning measures with respect to road connectivity and rapid remedial reconstruction of structures in case of earth quake events or other natural disasters (e.g. tidal surge waves and extraordinary floods).



Technical Design Engineer Maintenance and Local Authorities

NHA

A.4. ROADSIDE VEGTATION and PLANTATION A.4.1. Loss of roadside vegetation due to widening formation

Loss of plants in an area with already scarce biodiversity, and loss of functional benefits from roadside plants

Incorporate technical design to minimize removal of roadside plantation

Apply flexibility in decision as which side to be widened, or in reducing locally the shoulder width

Plan for compensatory planting for each felled, 2 plants of similar floral function

Disallow introduction of exotic species or species with known environmental setbacks (e.g. Eucalyptus, Prosopis)

entire alignment in situ planning decision - ditto – all along alignment


NHA roadside plantation budget

Technical Design Engineer RE / Planning and Design - ditto - - ditto -

NHA

CHANGING BY-PASS Alignment and CONSTRUCTION PARKING FACILITIES A.4.2. Changing alignment that caused by detail engineering study, or other reasons

May lead to generating different environmental impacts

Undertake additional environmental assessment study to identify potential impacts

Undertake consultation with the affected people of the new alignment

Incorporate proposed mitigation and community concerns into detail design

If it is categorized as a major change, a new environmental clearance has to be obtained

Along the new alignment

Prior finalizing the detail design

Included in the O&M budget of the EMP

Technical Design Engineer Team

NHA/Env/EPA

Appendix 1 23



Component



Document



Timeframe


A.4.3. Construction of parking facilities

Generate water and solid wastes Air and Noise pollution Inconvenience living environment

An environmental assessment study to identify potential impacts in accordance to the Government and ADB’s environmental guidelines has to be prepared during the detail design study to identify appropriate mitigation measures

The environmental assessment study should cover the parking facilities site and affected area

At the same time when the detail design will be carried out

Additional budget will be required

Technical Design Engineer team

NHA/ENV/Provincial EPA

A.5. MAINTAINING AIR QUALITY and NOISE LEVELS A.5.1. Increase of traffic intensity

Increase of air and noise pollution and associated health risks for roadside residents

Incorporate technical design features that enable continual traffic flux and avoid congestions (e.g. guardrails, signboards, speed limits, speed bumpers, bays);

Include design measures to prevent blockage of bus bays and carriageways by street vendors, particularly in the vicinity of local market places.

Consider noise barriers in sensitive areas

at all built-up areas - ditto - mosques, schools


Technical Design Engineer - ditto - - ditto -

A.5.2. Creation and burning of wastes at or near camp site

Air pollution associated with burning garbage

Planning for burning sites in due distance to human settlements

Disallow siting for work camps, including waste dump sites, in distances closer than 1 km to any inhabited areas;

Incorporate technical design features for refuse collection containers at sites that would minimize burning impacts;

Devise plan for safe handling, storage and disposal of harmful materials.

include include include

Pertaining to settlement areas only at prospective campsite

- ditto -

During construc-tion

NHA , in bid documents NHA , in bid documents Design Consultant - ditto ´-

NHA/ Env. Dept. - ditto - - ditto - - ditto -

A.6. SOIL and BORROW MATERIAL

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A.6.1. Excavation of earth from borrow areas

Change of edaphic characteristics; loss of topsoil; impact on agriculture

Agricultural areas will be avoided for borrowing of materials, unless requested by the landowner for lowering the land to create new irrigation polders

Contractor needs to obtain approval from SC/ENV for excavation and for plan of rehabilitating the site after excavation.

include include

Borrow areas at/near agriculture and irrigation areas

Long-lasting conse-quences

NHA , in bid documents NHA , in bid documents

NHA/ Env. Dept. - ditto -

A.6.2. Acquisition of conglome-rate and rocky sub-base material

Degradation of existing river beds, alteration of surface and groundwater regime, land-use conflicts

Excavation in farmlands and at river sites close to settlements will be prohibited, unless authorized by local irrigation departments responsible for river training works

Maximum use of existing quarries for conglomerates from approved and formerly used quarry sites

Lands could also be selected through community consultation, which could subsequently be developed into fishponds or other productive purposes.

River sand excavation will be executed in close cooperation and upon approval from relevant authority.

include include include include

At all agri-cultural sites and at demarcated areas of Chenab River t.b.d Chenab River

Long-lasting consequen-ces

NHA , in bid documents NHA , in bid documents Design Consultant / Sociologist Contractor

NHA/ Env. Dept. - ditto - NHA/ Env. Dept. Irrigation Departm.

A.7. UTILITIES A.7.1. Public utilities

Public utilities to be affected may create disruption of public services and economics

Timely notifications and consultations with respective agencies;

All public utilities (e.g. water pipes, power/ telephone lines, likely to be impacted by the carriageway widening need be re-located well ahead to works commencement.

include

To be checked all along the project corridor

None, if timely organized and implemen-ted

GOP NHA to notify all concerned line agencies

Respective depart-ments of NHA

A.8. CULTURAL HERITAGE

A.8.1. Cultural

Impacts on mosques,

Widening activities avoid any interference with cultural heritage sites.

include

To be checked all

At planning stage

Included in Meeting

NHA , in bid documents

NHA/ED

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properties shrines, madrasas graveyards and archaeological sites

In case of unavoidable interference prior notification and consultation needs to be made to reach consensus on procedures and options (e.g. relocation/re-building) or any other form of agreed compensation.

include

along the project corridor

Budget of EMP

Design Consultant / Sociologist

NHA/ED

B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

B.1. CAMP SITE B.1.1. Site selection

Acceptability to public/owner; interferences

Contractor need obtain clearance permit for siting work camps, stack yards & workshop,

Contractor must present to RE a copy of the agreement made with the landowner

include include

at selection stage for Camp Sites

at Contractor’s cost

Contractor Contractor

SC and NHA/ED RE, SC/ENV

B.1.2. Site clearing and preparation, and re-installation works after contract completion

Loss of vegetation and assets on the selected land, and dissatisfaction on rehabilitation measures after completion

All efforts during the design stage should be made to minimize the removal of existing macro-plants at camp sites

Contractor will provide plan for removal & rehabilitation of site upon completion

Photographical and botanical inventory of vegetation before clearing the site

Compensatory plantation to be scheduled when construction works near end; for each tree removed 2 new shall be planted


at prospective Camp Sites - ditto – - ditto – - ditto -

while establishing Camp Sites

All at Contractor’s cost

Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor

SC and NHA/ED SC/ENV SC/ENV/RE NHA/ED SC/ENV/RE ED-NHA

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B.1.3. Sanita-tion & waste disposal facilities at camps

Health risks to work force and public if not properly managed

The Contractor will provide a proper waste management plan.

The sewage system for such camps will be properly designed (pit latrines or, as required, septic tanks) to receive all sanitary wastewaters

Sewage treatment facility will be designed and located to ensure that no water pollution takes place.

Lined wash areas will be constructed within the camp site or at site approved by the RE, for the receipt of wash waters from construction machinery.

The quality drinking water resource has to be checked quarterly

include include include include include

At all solid and liquid waste collection and latrine sites of camps

throughout operation of work camps

all to be borne by Contractor


SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE

B.2. CONSTRUCTION WORKS B.2.1. Work safety and hygienic conditions

Health risks if work conditions provide unsafe and/or unfavorable work conditions

Obligatory insurance against accidents to work labourers

Providing basic medical training to specified work staff, and basic medical service and supplies to workers

Layout plan for camp site, to be approved by the SC/ENV indicating safety measures taken by the contractor, e.g. fire fighting equipment, safe storage of hazardous material, first aid, security, fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents;

Work safety measures and good workmanship practices are to be followed by the contractor to ensure no health risks for labourers;

Protection devices (ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise

valid for entire construction area Throughout operation of work camps - ditto - - ditto - - ditto -

At establish-ment of camp sites - ditto - and throughout construction period - ditto - - ditto -


Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor

SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV SC/ENV

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generating machines Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking. and dormitory facilities including light up to satisfaction approved by the SC;

Proper maintenance of facilities for workers will be monitored by the SC/ENV

regular pest control measures in dormitories Obligatory warning of work staff if pest hazard is imminent or detected;

- ditto - - ditto - - ditto -

- ditto - throughout construction period


SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE

B.2.2. Camp site security

Security hazards and related conflicts

Proper storage and fencing/locking of storage rooms containing hazardous material

Employment of guard for storage rooms. Provision of adequate security against sabotage, petrol pilfering and theft.


at Construction camp locations

throughout construction period


Contractor Contractor Contractor

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE

B.2.3. Wages and Work Regulations

Inequities in wages, underpayment and gender-biased wages

The Contractors will agree to pre-defined minimum wages

Women must receive wages equal to the wage paid to men for equal works

Wages shall be made public to all labourers Child labour will be strictly ruled out; Contractor has to respect local festivals and religious customs that would temporarily interfere with work performance;

Sub-Contractors have to adhere to the same wage principles

include include include include include include

at all Construction sites



Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor

SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV

B.2.4. Stora- ge, handling, transport of hazardous construction materials

Work safety and human health risks

Provision of protective clothing for labourers handling hazardous materials, e.g. helmet, adequate footwear for bituminous pavement works, protective goggles, gloves etc.

Ensure strict use of wearing these protective clothing during work activities

include include





SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE

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B.2.5. Creation of construction waste material

Contamination of soil from construction wastes and quarry materials

All spoils will be disposed off as desired and the site will be restored back to its original conditions before handing over.

Non-bituminous wastes from construction activities will be dumped in sites approved by the SC/ENV/RE, in line with the legal prescriptions for dumpsites, and covered with a layer of the conserved topsoil.

Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by EPA


All construction sites and entire project area

During construction



SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE EPA, SC/ENV

B.2.6. Movement of vehicles in the con-struction site and along the haulage routes

Soil compaction and alteration of percolation and vegetation pattern; Damage to properties and utilities

Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will move, or be stationed in the designated ROW, to avoid unnecessary compaction of soil.

Damages will be instantly repaired and/or compensated at Contractor’s obligation

Water and soil quality will be monitored as envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring Plan



During construction at defined schedule

borne bv Contractor and Monitoring budget of EMP

Contractor Contractor SC/ENV

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE EPA

B.2.7. Movement, mainte-nance and fuelling of construction vehicles

Contamination of soil, irrigation and groundwater from fuel and lubricants

Slopes of embankment leading to water bodies will be modified and screened so that contaminants do not enter the water body

Construction vehicles and equipment will be properly maintained and refuelled in such way that oil/diesel spillage does not contaminate the soil.

Fuel storage and refuelling sites will be kept away from drainage channels.

Oil and grease traps will be provided at fuelling locations, to prevent contamination of water.

Unusable debris shall be dumped in nearest landfill sites.

Waste oil shall be sold off to authorized vendors

include include include include include include include

At all irrigation canal crossings at all work sites


Engineering Cost to be borne by Contractor - ditto - - ditto - - ditto -


SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV

SC/ENV

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Water quality will be monitored as envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring Plan

- ditto -

Monitoring budget of EMP

Contractor

Contractor SC/ENV

SC/ENV EPA

B.2.8. Spoil material sites

Contamination of soil / water and impact on landscape value

Dismantling of existing formation is not considered, instead, bituminous layers will be used as sub-base for topping up

If spoil material develops, pits will be used after examination on possible soil and water contamination risks. Spoils will then be covered with sandy conglomerates.

include include

At possible sites that will be examined to prevent contamina-tion

During construction


SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.2.9. Embank-ment works: Excavation of earth, cutting operations, embanking, clearing of vegetations

Soil Erosion, Loss of vegetation and habitat

In areas with strong sheet flow, high embankments will be provided with chutes and drains to minimize soil erosion. Stone pitching and retaining walls will be made at high embankments in critical areas (> 40% gradient)

As applicable and needed, plantation of grasses and shrubs will be done for slope protection.

Soil erosion checking measures such as the formation of sediment basins, slope drains, etc, will be carried out.

Soil erosion along the road shall be visually checked as given in the environmental monitoring plan.


At all sites where high embank-ments are required, e.g. near bridges

During construction - ditto . - ditto . during construction and operation stage

Engineering Cost Engineering Cost Engineering Cost Contractor And Supervision Contract

Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor and SC/ENV

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE

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B.2.10. Procurement of construction materials

Soil erosion, change of hy-draulic patterns and landscape degradation following unauthorized use of quarries & borrow areas

No productive land or land adjacent to agricultural / irrigated land will be used

Non-productive, barren lands in broken terrain, nullahs and publicly recognized waste lands should be given preference as been recommended for borrowing materials;

Aggregate required for road construction procured from quarries need approval from NHA.


Quarries and borrow areas

During the construction phase



B.2.11. Borrow pit land lease agreement

Land disputes, Soil erosion, loss of potential crop land, loss of vegetation and landscape degradation

The Contractor must obtain any necessary permits for borrow pits from the competent authorities, including NHA

The Contractor must present a copy of the agreement made with the landowner to the SC/ENV;

The Contractor will be obliged to make an bio-physical inventory of the site, including complete photographic documentation, and present it to the SC/ENV for verification ; This documentation will be used as criteria for the rehabilitation obligations agreed.


All borrow sites in entire project area

During construction Before starting borrow excavation and Upon com-pletion of excavation



SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE EPA, SC/ENV

B.2.12. Borrow pit excavation activities

Soil Erosion, damage to road embankment and public health risks

No excavations are allowed within distance of 100 m to ROW

In borrow pits the depth of the pit will be regulated so that the sides of the excavation will have a slope not steeper than 1: 4.

Soil erosion along the borrow pit shall be regularly checked to prevent / mitigate impacts on adjacent lands.

In case borrow pits fill with water, measures have to be taken to prevent the creation of mosquito-breeding sites.

include include

include include


During borrow excavation and Upon com-pletion of excavation





SC/ENV/

RE EPA, SC/ENV

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B.2.13. Provisions for rehabilitation of borrow pit

Soil Erosion, derelict land-uses, conflicts, visual sores in the landscape, public health risks due to development of mosquito-breeding pits

Abandoning borrow areas without proper rehabilitation measures will be disallowed.

The Contractor’s agreement with the landowner must determine the options and appropriate measures for rehabilitation of the borrow pit as approved by the SC/ENV, such as reshaping the borrow site into a desired land-use plot (e.g. irrigation field, fishpond), replantation aiming at double amount of trees removed from the site.

include include


Upon com-pletion of excavation - ditto -



SC/ENV/ RE EPA, SC/ENV

B.3. WATER

B.3.1. Use of water for construction and consumption

Conflict with local water demand

The contractor will make arrangements for water required for construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected.

For construction purposes, water shall be drawn from surface water bodies on priority and as available.

include include

Throughout Project Area

During construction



SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.3.2. Spillage of liquid wastes

Risk of polluting surface and groundwater from liquid waste spillage, drainage and run-off from construction sites

Regular water quality monitoring according to determined sampling schedule

The contractor shall ensure that construction debris do not find their way into the drainage or irrigation canals which may get clogged.

Work on irrigation canal areas will be kept to a minimum, and protective walls be

(re-)constructed To maintain the surface water flow/drainage,

proper mitigation measures will be taken along the road, like drainage structures in urban areas

Prohibit washing of machinery and vehicles in surface waters, provide sealed washing basins and collect wastewater in sedimentation/retention pond


include

Km 1, 19, 22 and 25 throughout area with surface watersthroughout project area - ditto -

During construction


Contracted laboratory Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE

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B.3.3. Earth- and stone-work, other construction activities affecting water resources

Contamination of water due to construction waste

Construction work close to the streams or other water bodies will be avoided, especially during monsoon period.

Take precautions construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to increased siltation

Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to the approved disposal site.

Include include include

Throughout Project Road And at approved dump site

During construction



SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.4. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL B.4.1. Vehicular movement and running of machineries

Emission from construction vehicles and machinery, causing public health risks, nuisance and other impacts on the bio-physical environment

Diversion roads in built-up areas will be established and scheduled to minimize traffic congestion

Diversion roads will be black-topped to prevent excessive dust development

All temporary service and access roads will be regularly water-sprayed to minimize the dust generation: Schedules will be adjust-ted to actual needs, determined by the SC

All machinery and plants will be placed at min. 5 km at downwind direction to human settlements.

All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that the pollution emission levels conform to the NEQS.

Air quality parameters will be monitored at determined sites and schedule determined by the SC/ENV


all diversions in populated areas and at workshops of Contractor

Km 0, 19.5, and 24.5


to be borne by Contractor - ditto - - ditto - - ditto - - ditto - Monitoring budget of EMP

Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor approved monitoring agency

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/RE

SC/ENV SC/ENV

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B.4.2. Running of asphalt mix plants, crushers, etc.,

Dust generation from construction machineries causing health risks to operating workers, impact on bio-physical environment

Ensure precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from, hot mix plants, crushers and batching plants will be taken up, e.g. providing them, as applicable, with protection canvasses and dust extraction units. Mixing equipment will be well sealed and equipped as per existing standards

Water will be sprayed in the lime/cement and earth mixing sites

Work safety measures like dust masks shall be taken by the contractor to ensure no health risks for operator

Asphalt mix plant should be located at least 500 m away from settlement area down wind and the plant should have water scrubber and the crusher plants should have dust collector.

include


at sites of hot mix plant


All to be borne by Contractor

Contractor Contractor Contractor contractor

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE

B.4.3. Trans-portation of materials, and other construction activities that create dust and emissions

Dust and emissions from machineries causing health risks to operators; impacts on the bio-physical environment

Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered to reduce spills on existing road.

Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out in accordance to the Environmental Monitoring Plan;

Once the monitored parameters are above the prescribed NEQS-limits suitable control measures must be taken.

include

include include

Throughout Project Road Construction sites near the major settlements

During construction

Engineering Cost Monitoring budget of EMP

Contractor Contractor through approved monitoring agency

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.5. NOISE CONTROL B.5.1. Running of construction machinery

Noise from vehicles, asphalt plants and equipment

The plants and equipment used for construction will strictly conform to noise standards specified in the NEQS.

Vehicles and equipment used will be fitted, as applicable, with silencers and properly maintained.

include include

At hot mix plant, batching plants & Construction sites Built-up areas

During construction

Included in Trial Planting and Enhance-ment


SC/ENV SC/ENV

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In urban areas construction activities will be restricted to be carried out between 6 a.m. and 20 p.m.

Hedges as noise barriers in sensitive areas (in front of schools, hospitals, ambulances, mosques).

Public hearings to discuss appropriate solutions and materials to control noise (e.g. mud or brick walls, bushes, etc.)

In accordance with the Environmental Monitoring Plan noise measurements will be carried out at locations and schedule specified by the SC/ENV to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures.


Schools along the length of project road

Km 0, 19.5, and 24.5 Monitoring at above sample sites

Budget of EMP

Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor through approved monitoring agency

SC/ENV RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.6. FAUNA and FLORA B.6.1. Access to sensitive areas and fragile ecosystem

Poaching on wildlife, collec-ting wild plants, disturbance of riverine habitats

The use of fire wood for cooking and execution of works will be prohibited

No open fires will be allowed Restoration of vegetated areas damaged Strict instructions from the Contractor to work

staff (particularly the cooks) with respect to poaching local wildlife

Patrolling and enforcement.


Near Chenab river banks




SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.7. ROAD SAFETY and COMMUNITY LIFE B.7.1. Vehicular movement at construction sites and

Accident risks, particularly inflicting local communities who are not

Timely public notification on planned construction works.

Close consultation with local communities to identify optimal solutions for diversions to maintain community integrity & social links

include include

Throughout Project Road, particularly near the settlements and sensitive





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access/ service roads

familiar with presence of heavy equip-ment

Seeking cooperation with local education facilities (school teachers) for road safety campaigns

Provision of proper safety signage, particularly at urban areas and at sensitive/accident-prone spots.

Setting up speed limits in close consultation with the local stakeholders

Ensure proper lighting at auxiliary facilities such as bus bays, taxi stands, passengers waiting sheds etc.

If identified, consider additional guard rails at accident-prone stretches and sensitive locations (schools).


locations (schools, health centres, etc)


SC/ENV RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE

B.7.2. Risks associated with construction activities

Accident and health risks as well as potential spread of HIV/AIDS/Hepatitis

Ensure safety code for work staff is observed, ensuring the provision and wearing of safety equipment required for specific works, e.g. helmets, dust masks, ear muffs, safety goggles, etc.

At every construction site, a readily available and updated first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials and a staff with basic medical knowledge will be provided.

Elaboration of a contingency planning in case of major accidents

Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the keeping out of non-working persons, particularly children, off work sites.

Adequate signage, lightning devices, barriers and persons with flags during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and access roads.

Road safety education will be divulged to drivers


at all Project work sites




SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV

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Timeframe


operating construction vehicles Awareness campaign for protection

HIV/AIDS/Hepatitis

include

RE

NHA

B.8. SOCIAL BALANCE and PUBLIC RELATIONS B.8.1. Cultural differences between contractor and locals

Local residents may resist Contractors attitudes; Cultural clashes particularly when international contractors are engaged

Timely and full public consultation and announcement of mobilizing equipment

Establishment of formal links with affected communities,

Plan for social grievance redress mechanisms including the Nazeem and community leaders.

Seek assistance from and cooperation with local NGOs


entire Project Area



Contractor, in close consultation with Local Authorities NGOs

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV

SC/ENV

B.8.2. Con-flicts arising due to the mix of local & migratory job seekers

Social disturbance and dissatisfaction with employing outsiders

Familiarize outside labourers on local etiquettes Aim at obliging the contractors to employ an agreed ratio (>75%) local community (unskilled) labour for construction works;

An agreed minimum unskilled labour employment rate for women, at equal pay like men, will be negotiated at early stage.

Include, include include

town areas From early construction period until operation commences



CS/RE/ ENV

B.8.3. Crimes

Conflicts rel. to smuggling, transmissible diseases and trafficking

Establish mechanisms to settle conflicts at early stage

Enforce/support law and order Assist to public awareness programs as applicable, by contacting/collaborating with locally engaged NGOs/CBOs


throughout entire project area, particularly at truck stops/hotels



Local Gvt. Police NGOs / CBOs

SC/ENV/ RE SC/ENV

SC/ENV

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B.8.4. Use of local resources and products

Competition for natural resources e.g. with farmers livestock raisers and nomads for range lands

Water supply and sanitation facilities labour forces will not exacerbate the existing shortages and environmental hazards; Contractors should primarily seek their own sources of water in due distance (min. 1 km) from local user’s wells.

Ensure labour forces do not exploit adjacent forest resources without written permit from forest owners or local community leaders.

include include

agricultural area with tubewell and canal irrigation




SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.9. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES B.9.1. Encounte- ring archaeo-logical sites during earth works

Impacts of historically important sites and damage to fossils, arte-facts, tombs, structure etc, as defined in 1975 Antiques Act

In case of detecting any archaeological artefact, structure, tomb etc., the Contractor needs immediately halt all works at the find site and brief within shortest time possible the Archaeological Department in Lahore.

In the event of such finding, the Contractor has the duty to secure the site against any intrusion until the archaeological expert will decide on further action.

include Include, refer to Antiques Act 1975

throughout entire project area, including borrow sites





C. OPERATION PHASE

C.1. WATER and SOILS C.1.1. Drainage of runoff from roads into water bodies

Water Pollution from storm waters containing hazardous substances

Water quality monitoring will be carried out during operation phase at schedule approved by the SC/ENV

If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures will be taken


at schedule defined in the monitoring plan


SC/ENVc together with approved laboratory

NHA/ED

c responsible only until termination of Supervision Contract

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Congestion of drainage structures in urban areas

Ensure proper cleaning scheme for keeping drainage structures clear of debris and blockage

In all built-up areas

as required Town Committee Local authorities

C.1.2. Vehicular movement

Contamination from spills due to traffic and accidents

see all mitigation measures described under A.2.2

throughout Project Area

as incident happening

Local Authorities and EPA

NHA/ED

C.2. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY C.2.1. Vehicular movement

Emission from vehicular traffic causing public health risks, nuisance and other impacts on the bio-physical environment

Roadside tree plantations as applicable and feasible under harsh climatic conditions; plants should be selected in accordance to their ability to absorb emissions

Regular road maintenance to ensure good surface condition

Speed limits at sensitive locations Monitoring air quality at defined schedule Regular vehicle check to control/ensure

compliance with NEQS Enforcement and penalties against traffic rules

violators

Where applicable - ditto - 4 urban areas and at 4 sensitive spots

schedule as per NHA roadside plantation scheme at schedule defined in the monitoring plan

included in Project Costs Monitoring budget of EMP

NHA NHA NHA/ED SC/ENV3 NHA/ED Motorway Police

NHA/ED

C.3. NOISE LEVEL and VIBRATIONS C.3.1. Vehicular movement

Traffic-related noise pollution and vibrations from engines, tires and use of (pressure) horns

Noise measurements will be carried out at locations and schedule specified by the NHA/ED to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures, e.g speed limits and noise control plantations at sensitive spots.

According to monitoring results, additional sound barriers in form of trees and hedges will be discussed with the affected pubic and planted if agreed

Signs for sensitive zones (health centers / educational institutions etc.) will to disallow the

Monitoring at 4 towns and 4 villages as applicable at sensitive spots - ditto -


as needed


ED SC/ENV3 NHA/ED NHA

NHA/EV

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use of pressure horns; Enforcement and penalties against traffic rules

violators

- ditto -

as needed regularly

Motorway Police

C.4. FAUNA and FLORA C.4.1. Vehicular movement

Accidents with wildlife

Provision of proper safety signage. Setting up speed limits Proper lighting arrangements at petrol stations,

bus truck stops Display of signboards alerting drivers’ attention

on wildlife and environmental issues related to safe driving and wildlife encounters.

Special education signboards at times when migratory birds tend to approach the highway; inform school masters

In vicinity of Takatu Game Reserve km 5-25

Workshop & Training events - ditto -

O & M budget of EMP - ditto -


NHA/EV

C.4.2. Fast access to sensitive areas

Poaching on wildlife; distur-bance of fragile ecosystem

Display of signboards explaining wildlife and other ecological values

Support NGOs advocating against falconry hunting of endangered species (Houbara)



O & M budget of EMP Workshop

SC/ENV3 F&WD

C.4.3. Roadside Plantation

Maintenance of Flora

Monitoring of survival of trees at the rate of 75 % should be done in the first year of the operation phase and suitable mitigation measures should be taken to protect the trees

Efforts will be made for proper maintenance of planted trees, shrubs and grasses to maintain greenery and aesthetics

Throughout Project Road

Operation Stage

O & M budget of EMP NHA roadside plantation

in Consultation with Social Forestry Dept. NHA Maintenance

SC/ENV3

C.5. ROAD SAFETY C.5.1. Vehicular

Accidents involving hazardous

In case of spillage, the report to relevant departments will be made.

Efforts will be made to clean the spills of oil, toxic

at any location such accident occurs

Operation Stage

to be borne by

SC/ENV3

40 Appendix 1



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Timeframe


movement materials chemicals etc. as early as possible. perpetrator Local Authorities


General road safety issues

Traffic management plan will be developed, especially along congested locations

Traffic control measures including speed limits will be enforced

Throughout Project road

Operation stage

NHA budget

NHA, with support from SC/ENV3 Motorway Police

C.6. SOCIAL and ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT C.6.1. Increase in facilities, mobility, access, and shipment of goods

Impacts related to desired and undesired development following road sector projects

Control of encroachment and ribbon development along improved highway

Control and enforcement against smuggling and other crimes


Operation stage

included in monitoring costs

SC/EN V 3 NHA SC/ENV 3

Motorway Police

Abbreviations: ED = Environmental Department of NHA (= GM Environment/Lands) ENV = Environmental Expert, contracted by Supervision Consultant

F&WD = Forest & Wildlife Department NHA = National Highway Authority

RE = Resident Engineer, contracted by SC SC = Supervision Consultant

41

Appendix 2 41

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR N25 HUB-UTHAL SECTION

Institutional Responsibility Activities and

Actions


Component


Reference1 to Contract

Document

Approximate Location (will be updated during detail

design)

Timeframe

Mitigation Budget 2 Implementation Supervision

A. DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

A.1. ALIGNMENT and SHOULDER WIDTH OPTIONS A.1.1. Formation width in built-up areas

Hindrance of market opportunities, loading and vending activities

In built-up areas, consider widening on one side of carriageway only


Maintain level in urban areas (no raising) Explore the incorporation of additional parking lots and bus bays in market areas

only in few areas in Vinder town, and mosque/ shop area in Lassi Ghot



NHA/ENV/ RE




All signs, markings and bridge plates must be reflectorized, as the main traffic on N-25 occurs in night hours.

Improve junction layouts In built-up areas, consider widening on one side of carriageway only, and explore possibility to incorporate service lane and crossings for pedestrians

In built-up areas, provide for bus, taxi and rickshaw bays.

Add warning signage where drift sands occur

Give due consideration (traffic signage) to areas where livestock / camels are crossing

only in few areas in Vinder town, and mosque/ shop area in Lassi Ghot Lassi Ghot Vinder Town Km 65-113 Lassi Ghot



NHA/ENV/ RE

1 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 2 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2

42 Appendix 2

Institutional Responsibility Activities

and Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe


A.3. STRUCTURES A.3.1. Cross-drainage and accessory structures



Protective measures against scour problems at bridges and culverts (gabions at abutments, wingwalls and aprons for culverts); as applicable, additional planting with soil-stabilizing shrubs and grasses



throughout Project Corridor only at Vinder town



NHA/ENV/ RE

Drift sands and sand dunes causing obstruction and risks for driving

Test planting dune-stabilizing (non-palatable to grazers) scrubs next to embankment

Plan for regular road maintenance during season with high incidents of sand storms

Trial and enhancement planting budget EMP

ENV/RE/contractor

NHA/ENV/ RE


43

Appendix 2 43


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe





First 50 km of Project Corridor Vinder town Local Authorities


Technical Design Engineer RE/NHA/ Maintenance and Local Authorities

NHA

A.4. ROADSIDE VEGETATION and PLANTATION A.4.1. Loss of roadside vegetation due to widening formation




Plan for compensatory planting program, i.e. 2 plants of similar floral function, at least 1 m high


Presently in Vinder town, at later years possibly in planned Marble City, km 26



Technical Design Engineer/ENV/RE

NHA/ENV/ RE

44 Appendix 2


and Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe


A.5. WILDLIFE and ADJACENT ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE AREAS A.5.1. Disturbance to ecological sensitive areas adjacent or near to highway

Traffic accidents with wildlife, particularly migratory birds and night-active predatory mammals

Incorporate cautionary signage to raise attention of road users for wildlife crossing in areas at risk

Assist in public awareness programs where applicable, e.g. planning of wildlife information signboards at truck stop in Liari Junction and at Vinder

At stretch near Siranda Lake km 76-82


Included in the O&M budget of the EMP Included in Workshop EMP-budget

Technical Design Engineer NGOs/CBOs

NHA/ENV/ RE

A.6. MAINTAINING AIR QUALITY and NOISE LEVELS A.6.1. Increase of traffic intensity


Incorporate technical design features that enable continual traffic flux and avoid congestions (e.g. signboards, speed limits, speed bumpers, bays);



Presently in Vinder town, at later years possibly in planned Marble City, km 26



NHA/ENV/ RE








Pertaining to Vinder town area only Prospective campsite

During construction

NHA /ENV NHA/ENV Design Consultant - ditto ´-

NHA/ ENV - ditto - - ditto - - ditto -


45

Appendix 2 45


and Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe


A.7. SOIL and BORROW MATERIAL A.7.1. Excavation of earth from borrow areas


Agricultural areas will be avoided for borrowing of materials, unless requested by the landowner for lowering the land to create irrigation polders, e.g. in vicinity of Uthal.


include include

Borrow areas at/near Vinder River bed and near Uthal km 113

Long-lasting consequences


NHA/ ENV - ditto -

A.7.2. Acquisition of conglomerate and rocky sub-base material


Excavation in farmlands, Vinder River bed and embankment vicinity will be prohibited. Instead, explorations of nullahs in the uninhabited desert lands are recommended for sand borrow.

Maximum use of existing quarries for conglomerates near Hub City



near Vinder Hawk Quarry near Vinder


NHA , in bid documents NHA , in bid documents Design Consultant / Sociologist

NHA/ ENV - ditto - NHA/ ENV


46 Appendix 2


and Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe



Public utilities to be affected may create disrupt-ion of public services and economics


All public utilities (e.g. water pipes, power/ telephone lines, OFC likely to be impacted by the carriageway widening need be re-located well ahead to works commencement.

include


None, if timely organized and implemented


Respective departments of NHA

A.9. CULTURAL HERITAGE A.9.1. Cultural properties

Impacts on mosques, shrines, madrasas and graveyards



include include


At planning stage

Included in Meting Budget of EMP

NHA , in bid documents Design Consultant / Sociologist

NHA/ED NHA/ED

B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE

B.1. CAMP SITE B.1.1. Site selection




include include




SC/ NHA/ED RE, SC/ENV


47

Appendix 2 47


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe













NHA/ED/EV/RE/SC

B.1.3. Sanitation &waste disposal facilities at camps



The sewage system for such camps will be properly designed (pit latrines) and built so that no water pollution takes place.

include include

At waste collection and latrine sites of camps




SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.2. CONSTRUCTION WORKS B.2.1. Work safety and hygienic conditions

Health risks if work conditions provide unsafe and/or unfavorable work conditions as well as potential spread of the HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis




valid for entire construction area Throughout operation of work camps

At establish-ment of camp sites - ditto - and throughout construction period


Contractor

SC/ENV/RE

48 Appendix 2


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe



Protection devices (ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines

Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking. and dormitory facilities including light up to satisfaction approved by the SC;


regular pest control measures in dormitories Obligatory warning of work staff if pest hazard is imminent or detected;

Awareness campaign for protection from HIV/AIDS and hepatitis

Local authority and NHA

B.2.2. Camp site security








Contractor

SC/ENV/RE





Wages shall be made public to all labourers Child labour will be strictly ruled out; Contractor has to respect local festivals and religious customs that would temporarily interfere with work performance;







SC/ENV/RE

49

Appendix 2 49


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe


B.2.4. Storage, handling, transport of hazardous construction materials









SC/ENV/RE





Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by EPA



During construction



SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE EPA, SC/ENV/RE

B.2.6. Movement of vehicles in the construction site and along the haulage routes








borne bv Contractor Monitoring budget of EMP


SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE NHA/EPA

50 Appendix 2


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe


B.2.7. Movement, maintenance and fuelling of construc-tion vehicles

Contamination of soil and groundwater from fuel and lubricants






Waste oil shall be sold off to authorized vendors



Vinder River bed crossing at all work sites


- ditto -

- ditto -

Engineering Cost to be borne by Contractor - ditto - - ditto - - ditto -

- ditto -



Contractor SC/ENV

SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV

SC/ENV EPA

B.2.8. Spoil material sites




include include

At possible sites that will be examined to prevent contamination

During construction


SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.2.9. Embankment works: Excavation of earth, cutting operations, embanking, clearing of vegetations




Soil erosion checking measures such as


At all sites where high embankments are required, e.g. near bridges

During construction - ditto . - ditto . during

Engineering Cost Engineering Cost Engineering Cost


SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

51

Appendix 2 51


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe


the formation of sediment basins, slope drains, etc, will be carried out.


include include

construction and operation stage

Contractor Supervision Contract

Contractor SC/ENV

SC/ENV/RE NHA/ED/RE


Soil erosion, change of hydraulic patterns and landscape degradation following unauthorized use of quarries & borrow areas









B.2.11. Borrow pit land lease agreement




The Contractor will be obliged to make an bio-physical inventory of the site, including complete photographic documentation, and present it to the SC/ENV for verification; This documentation will be used as criteria for the rehabilitation obligations agreed.



During construction Before starting borrow excavation Upon com-pletion of excavation



SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE EPA, SC/ENV






include include

include include


During borrow Upon com-pletion of excavation




SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

SC/ENV/RE EPA,

52 Appendix 2


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe



SC/ENV

Provisions for rehabilitation of borrow pit




include include


Upon completion of excavation - ditto -



SC/ENV/RE EPA, SC/ENV

B.3. WATER B.3.1. Use of water for construction and consumption




include include


During construction



SC/ENV SC/ENV



Application of good engineering and construction practice

The contractor shall ensure that construction debris do not find their way into the minor drainage channels which may get clogged.

To maintain the surface water flow/drainage, proper mitigation measures will be taken along the road, like drainage structures in urban areas


Throughout Project Road at Vinder town - ditto -

During construction



SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV SC/ENV

53

Appendix 2 53


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe


B.3.3. Earth- and stonework and other construction activities affecting water resources



All necessary precautions will be taken to construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to increased siltation and turbidity.

Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approved disposal site.



During construction At approved dump site




B.4. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL B.4.1. Vehicular movement and running of machineries




All temporary service and access roads will be regularly water-sprayed to minimize the dust generation: Schedules will be adjust-ted to actual needs, determined by the SC





all diversions in populated areas, e.g. Vinder town at workshops of Contractor to be determined, e.g. Vinder




SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

SC/ENV SC/ENV

54 Appendix 2


Actions


Component



Document


design)

Timeframe




Ensure precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from, hot mix plants, crushers and batching plants will be taken up, e.g. providing them, as applicable, with protection canvasses and dust extraction units. Mixing equipment will be well sealed and equipped as per existing standards.

include at sites of hot mix plant



Contractor

SC/ENV/ RE

Water will be sprayed in the lime/cement and earth mixing sites.

Work safety measures like dust masks shall be taken by the contractor to ensure no health risks for operators

Asphalt plant will be located 500 m away from resettlement (down wind) and should have wet scribber


Contractor Contractor contractor


B.4.3. Transporta-tion of materials, and other construction activities that create dust and emissions





include

include include


During construction



SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV SC/ENV

55

Appendix 2 55


and Actions


Component


Reference11 to Contract Document


design)

Timeframe









In accordance with the Environmental Monitoring Plan noise measurements will be carried out at locations and schedule specified by the SC/ENV to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures.


At hot mix plant, batching plants & Construction sites Vinder town Schools along the length of project road Vinder town Monitoring at Vinder town

During construction

Included in Trial Planting and Enhancement Budget of EMP

Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor through approved monitoring agency

SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV SC/ENV


56 Appendix 2


and Actions


Component




design)

Timeframe


B.6. FAUNA and FLORA B.6.1. Access to sensitive areas and fragile ecosystem

Poaching on wildlife, collecting wild plants, disturbance of ecosystem


No open fires will be allowed Restoration of vegetated areas damaged Strict instructions from the Contractor to

work staff (particularly the cooks) with respect to poaching local wildlife



Near sensitive areas described in the IEE, e.g Siranda Lake

Throughout construction period



SC/ENV SC/ENV SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV SC/ENV

B.7. ROAD SAFETY and COMMUNITY LIFE B.7.1. Vehicular movement at construction sites and access/ service roads

Accident risks, particularly inflicting local communities who are not familiar with presence of heavy equipment





Setting up speed limits in close consultation with the local stakeholders

Ensure proper lighting at auxiliary facilities such as bus bays, taxi stands, passengers waiting sheds etc.

If identified, consider guard rails at accident-prone stretches and sensitive locations (schools).


Throughout Project Road, particularly near the settlements and sensitive locations (schools, health centres, etc)



Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor

SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/RE/ENV


57

Appendix 2 57


Actions


Component




design)

Timeframe



Accident and health risks




Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the keeping out of non-working persons, particularly children, off work sites.

Adequate signage, lightning devices, barriers and persons with flags during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and access roads.

Road safety education will be divulged to drivers operating construction vehicles






SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

B.8. SOCIAL BALANCE and PUBLIC RELATIONS B.8.1. Cultural differences between contractor and locals







entire Project Area





SC/ENV/RE

58 Appendix 2


Actions


Component




design)

Timeframe


B.8.2. Conflicts arising due to the mix of local & migratory job seekers

Social disturbance because of dissatisfaction with employing outsiders

Aim at obliging the contractors to employ an agreed ratio (>75%) local community (unskilled) labour for construction works;


Included,

Vinder and Hub town areas

From early construction period until operation commences



SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

B.8.3. Crimes








BPG

Police NGOs / CBOs

SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

SC/ENV/RE

B.8.4. Use of local resources and products

Competition for natural resources e.g. with farmers livestock raisers and charcoal makers

Water supply and sanitation facilities required for labour forces will not exacerbate the existing shortages and environmental hazards; Contractors should primarily seek their own sources of water in due distance (min. 1 km) from local user’s wells.

Ensure labour forces do not exploit adjacent forest resources (e.g. Mesquite) without written permit from forest owners (e.g. military)

include include

Vinder agricultural area Forest at km 42 used by local charcoal makers




SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

B.9. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES B.9.1. Encountering archaeolo-gical sites during earth works

Impacts of historically important sites and damage to fossils, arte-facts, tombs, structure etc, as defined in 1975 Antiques Act.

In case of detecting any archaeological artefact, structure, tomb etc., the Contractor needs immediately halt all works at the find site and brief within shortest time possible the Archaeological Department in Karachi.


include Include, refer to Antiques Act





SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

59

Appendix 2 59


and Actions Environmental

Issue/ Component




design)

Timeframe


C. OPERATION PHASE

C.1. WATER and SOILS C.1.1. Drainage of runoff from roads into water bodies







SC/ENV17 together with approved laboratory

NHA/ENV/ ED

Congestion of drainage structures in urban areas


only at Vinder town


RE/SC



The spills at the accident sites will be cleared immediately and disposed off properly



NHA/ENV/RE NHA/ED/ ENV

C.2. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY C.2.1. Vehicular movement




Speed limits in areas sensitive

where applicable - ditto -

schedule as per NHA roadside plantation scheme


NHA NHA

NHA/ED

15 Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation 16 Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.2 17 responsible only until termination of Supervision Contract

60 Appendix 2

Institutional Responsibility Activities and Actions


Component




design)

Timeframe


Monitoring air quality at defined schedule Regular vehicle check to control/ensure

compliance with NEQS Enforcement and penalties against traffic

rules violators

urban areas and at sensitive spots


NHA/ED SC/ENV3 NHA/ED Motorway Police




According to monitoring results, additional sound barriers in form of trees and hedges will be discussed with the affected pubic and planted if agreed

Signs for sensitive zones (health centers / educational institutions etc.) will to disallow the use of pressure horns;

Enforcement and penalties against traffic rules violators

Monitoring at Hub and Vinder town as applicable at sensitive spots - ditto - - ditto -


as needed

as needed regularly


NHA/ED SC/ENV3 NHA/ED NHA Motorway Police

NHA/ENV



Provision of proper safety signage. Setting up speed limits Proper lighting arrangements at petrol

stations, bus truck stops Display of signboards alerting drivers’

attention on wildlife and environmental issues related to safe driving and wildlife encounters.


near Siranda Lake km 72-86, and close-by truck stops and petrol stations


SC/ENV NHA/RE

61

Appendix 2 61

Institutional Responsibility Activities and Actions


Component




design)

Timeframe



Poaching on wildlife; disturbance of fragile ecosystem





SC/ENV3 F&WD

C.4.3. Roadside Plantation





Operation Stage



SC/ENV/RE

C.5. ROAD SAFETY C.5.1. Vehicular movement

Accidents involving hazardous materials


Efforts will be made to clean the spills of oil, toxic chemicals etc. as early as possible.


Operation Stage

to be borne by perpetrator

SC/ENV3 Local Authorities





throughout Project road

Operation stage

NHA budget NHA, with support from SC/ENV3 Motorway Police




Tourism development need to be supported and channeled to high value ecotourism



Operation stage



Motorway Police

62 Appendix 2


and Actions


Component




design)

Timeframe


OTHER MATTER

C.6.2. Construction of parking facilities







NHA/ENV/ Provincial EPA

Abbreviations: BPG = Balochistan Provincial Government

ED = Environmental Department of NHA (= GM Environment/Lands) ENV = Environmental Expert, contracted by Supervision Consultant F&WD = Forest & Wildlife Department NHA = National Highway Authority

RE = Resident Engineer, contracted by SC SC = Supervision Consultant


Appendix 3 63

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR N50 KUCHLAK - ZHOB SECTION

Institutional Responsibility

Activities and Actions


Component


Referencea to Contract Document

Approximate Location

Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision

A. DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE A.1. ALIGNMENT and SHOULDER WIDTH OPTIONS A.1.1. Formation width in built-up areas

Hindrance of market opportunities, loading and vending activities

In built-up areas, consider widening on one side of carriageway only


Maintain level in urban areas (no raising) Explore the incorporation of additional parking lots and bus bays in market areas

Possibly only in few built-up areas; in towns - ditto -



NHA/ENV/ RE

A.1.2. Land acquisition

Loss of homes, assets and land

Minimize land acquisition wherever possible

Provide for RAP and compensation

In built-up & crop lands

observe prescribed notification

Designer Resettlement Expert

NHA/RE




All signs, markings and bridge plates must be reflectorized

Improve junction layouts In built-up areas, consider widening on one side of carriageway only, incorporate service lane and crossings for pedestrians

Applies particularly for areas in settlements on entire alignment



NHA/RE

a Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation b Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.4

64 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision bus, taxi and rickshaw bays in built-up

areas Warning signage where drift sands occur Give due consideration (traffic signage) to areas where livestock / camels are crossing

A.3. STRUCTURES A.3.1. Location in area with strong sheet and flash flow risks



Protective measures against scour problems at bridges and culverts (gabions at abutments, retaining- and wingwalls, aprons for culverts); rip-rap and/or, as applicable, additional planting with soil-stabilizing shrubs and grasses






A.3.2. Location in area subject to dust and sand storms

Drift sands and storm gusts causing obstruction and risks for driving

Design standards of structures to withstand wind velocities of 130 km/hr, including the consideration of longitudinal forces.

for stabilizing aeolic sediments (non-palatable to grazers) test planting of scrubs next to embankment

Plan for regular road maintenance during season with high incidents of dust storms

Mainly between km 85 and 180 at proposed Muslimbagh bypass

Shortly before commencement

Trial and enhancement planting budget EMP

NHA SC/ENV

EPA NHA Maintenance

Appendix 3 65




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision A.3.3. Location in area with strong seismicity



Seismic loads for bridges to be computed in accordance to Draft Seismic Code of Pakistan.




Technical Design Engineer NHA/ Maintenance and Local Authorities

NHA/RE

A.4. ROADSIDE VEGTATION and PLANTATION A.4.1. Loss of roadside vegetation due to widening formation




Plan for compensatory planting for each felled, 2 plants of similar floral function


entire alignment in situ planning decision - ditto – all along alignment



Technical Design Engineer - ditto -

NHA/RE

A.5. WILDLIFE and ADJACENT ECOLOGICAL SENSITIVE AREAS A.5.1. Disturbance to ecological sensitive areas adjacent or near to highway

Traffic accidents with wildlife, particularly mi-gratory birds and night-active predatory mammals

Incorporate cautionary signage to raise attention of road users for wildlife crossing in areas at risk

Assist in public awareness programs where applicable, e.g. planning of wildlife information signboards

At stretch near Takatu Game Reserve km 5-25 at truck stop in Kuchlak and at Ziarat Junction


Included in the O&M budget of the EMP Included in Workshop EMP-budget

Technical Design Engineer NGOs/CBOs/ local communities

F&WD/NHA

66 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision A.6. MAINTAINING AIR QUALITY and NOISE LEVELS A.6.1. Increase of traffic intensity


Incorporate technical design features that enable continual traffic flux and avoid congestions (e.g. signboards, speed limits, speed bumpers, bays);



at towns and villages - ditto - mosques, schools



NHA/RE








Pertaining to settlement areas only at prospective campsite

- ditto -

During construction

NHA , in bid documents NHA , in bid documents Design Consultant - ditto ´-

NHA/ ENV Department

A.7. SOIL and BORROW MATERIAL A.7.1. Excavation of earth from borrow areas


Agricultural areas will be avoided for borrowing of materials, unless requested by the landowner for lowering the land to create new irrigation polders


include include

Borrow areas at/near agriculture and irrigation areas



NHA/ EV/RE

Appendix 3 67




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision A.7.2. Acquisition of conglomerate and rocky sub-base material


Excavation in farmlands and at river sites close to settlements will be prohibited. Instead, explorations of nullahs in the uninhabited desert lands are recommended for sand borrow.

Maximum use of existing quarries for conglomerates from approved and formerly used quarry sites



At all agricultural sites and Zhob River in close vicinity to Zhob t.b.d


NHA , in bid documents NHA , in bid documents Design Consultant / Sociologist

NHA/ EV/RE


Public utilities to be affected may create disrupt-ion of public services and economics


All public utilities (e.g. water pipes, power/ telephone lines, OFC likely to be impacted by the carriageway widening need be re-located well ahead to works commencement.

include


None, if timely organized and implemented


Respective departments of NHA

A.9. CULTURAL HERITAGE A.9.1. Cultural properties

Impacts on mosques, shrines, madrasas graveyards and archaeological sites



include include


At planning stage

Included in Meeting Budget of EMP

NHA , in bid documents Design Consultant / Sociologist

NHA/ED NHA/ED

68 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b


B. CONSTRUCTION PHASE B.1. CAMP SITE B.1.1. Site selection




include include




NHA/ED RE/ SC/ENV












NHA/ED SC/ENV/RE

B.1.3. Sanitation & waste disposal facilities at camps



The sewage system for such camps will be properly designed (pit latrines or, as required, septic tanks) to receive all sanitary wastewaters

Sewage treatment facility will be designed and located to ensure that no water pollution takes place.

Lined wash areas will be constructed within the camp site or at site approved by the RE, for the receipt of wash waters from construction machinery.

Sample from drinking water resources will be check quarterly


include

At all solid and liquid waste collection and latrine sites of camps



Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor contractor

SC/ENV/RE

Appendix 3 69




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.2. CONSTRUCTION WORKS B.2.1. Work safety and hygienic conditions

Health risks if work conditions provide unsafe and/or unfavorable work conditions as well as potential spread of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis





Protection devices (ear muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines

Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking. and dormitory facilities including light up to satisfaction approved by the SC;


regular pest control measures in dormitories

Obligatory warning of work staff if pest hazard is imminent or detected;

Awareness campaign

valid for entire construction area Throughout operation of work camps - ditto - - ditto - - ditto - - ditto - - ditto - - ditto -

At camp sites - ditto - and throughout construction period - ditto - - ditto - - ditto - throughout construction period


Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor RE/Local Government/ NGO/CBO

NHA/SC/ ENV/RE

70 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.2.2. Camp site security









SC/ENV/RE





Wages shall be made public to all labourers

Child labour will be strictly ruled out; Contractor has to respect local festivals and religious customs that would temporarily interfere with work performance;







NHA/SC/ ENV/RE

B.2.4. Storage, handling, transport of hazardous construction materials




include include





NHA/SC/ ENV/RE





include include


During construction



NHA/SC/ ENV/RE

Appendix 3 71




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision Bituminous wastes will be disposed off

in an identified dumping site approved by EPA

include

B.2.6. Movement of vehicles in the construction site and along the haulage routes





include include



borne by Contractor Monitoring budget of EMP


SC/ENV/RE NHA/EPA

B.2.7. Movement, maintenance and fuelling of construction vehicles

Contamination of soil and groundwater from fuel and lubricants






Waste oil and shall be sold off to authorized vendors



At all perennial river bed crossings at all work sites


Engineering Cost to be borne by Contractor


Contractor SC/ENV

NHA/SC/ ENV/RE NHA/ EPA

72 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.2.8. Spoil material sites




include include

At possible sites that will be examined to prevent contamination

During construction


SC/ENV /RE

B.2.9. Embankment works: Excavation of earth, cutting operations, embanking, clearing of vegetations




Soil erosion checking measures such as the formation of sediment basins, slope drains, etc, will be carried out.



At all sites where high embankments are required, e.g. near bridges

During construction - ditto . - ditto . during construction and operation stage

Engineering Cost Engineering Cost Engineering Cost Contractor Supervision Cost

Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor SC/ENV

SC/ENV/RE


Soil erosion, change of hydraulic patterns and landscape degradation following unauthorized use of quarries & borrow areas








SC/ENV/RE

Appendix 3 73




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.2.11. Borrow pit land lease agreement




The Contractor will be obliged to make an bio-physical inventory of the site, including complete photographic documentation, and present it to the SC/ENV for verification ; This documentation will be used as criteria for the rehabilitation obligations agreed.



During construction Before starting borrow excavation Upon completion of excavation



SC/ENV/RE







include include

include include


During borrow Upon completion of excavation




SC/ENV/RE SC/ENV/RE

Provisions for rehabilitation of borrow pit




include include


Upon completion of excavation - ditto -



SC/ENV/RE EPA SC/ENV

74 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b


B.3. WATER B.3.1. Use of water for construction and consumption




include include


During construction



SC/ENV SC/ENV



Application of good engineering and construction practice

The contractor shall ensure that construction debris do not find their way into the minor drainage channels which may get clogged.

Work on river banks will be kept to a minimum, and retaining walls be

(re-)constructed To maintain the surface water

flow/drainage, proper mitigation measures will be taken along the road, like drainage structures in urban areas

Prohibit washing of machinery and vehicles in surface waters, provide sealed washing basins and collect wastewater in sedimentation/retention pond


include

Throughout Project Road Near settlements throughout area with surface waters

During construction



SC/ENV/RE

B.3.3. Earth- and stone-work, other construction activities affecting water resources



Take precautions construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water pollution due to increased siltation

Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approved disposal site.

Include include include


During construction At approved dump site



SC/ENV/RE

Appendix 3 75




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.3.4. Earth- and stone-work, in hill cuts requiring blasting

Uncontrolled explosions can trigger landslides and affect hydraulic regime

Pre-blasting geological, geomorphologic and hydrological studies

Application of good engineering and construction practice, particularly while defining doses for explosives; consulting of experienced experts mandatory.

Small iterative blasts at shorter distances instead of few massive loads, and blasting from top to bottom of hill.

All precautionary measures and obligations stipulated by regulations and by authorities concerned with the issuing of permits using explosives need to be complied with.


At prospective blasting sites

as applicable, during construction



SC/ENV/RE

B.3.5. Use of explosives for hill cuts

Safety hazards to workers, and passers-by; Uncontrolled triggering with accident consequences

Application of good engineering and construction practice, particularly while preparing for explosion, i.e. securing wider area, optical and acoustical warning signs;

Provision of protective equipment for workers

Elaboration of contingency plan, including the stand-by of first aid equipment and heavy dozers.

Safe storage of explosive at site as per International Explosive Storage guidelines






SC/ENV/RE

B.3.6. Surplus of hill cut rocks

Surplus hill cut rocks, can block or alter waterways and contribute to gully erosion

Contractor needs submit a plan for using and/or proper disposal of surplus material in a way to prevent contamination and blockage of surface waters as well as dumping of this excess materials in river valleys or in designated forest areas.

include




Contractor

SC/ENV/RE

76 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.4. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL B.4.1. Vehicular movement and running of machineries




All temporary service and access roads will be regularly water-sprayed to minimize the dust generation: Schedules will be adjusted to actual needs, determined by the SC





all diversions in populated areas at workshops of Contractor t.b.d. e.g. 5 locations




SC/ENV/ RE ENV/EPA



Ensure precautions to reduce the level of dust emissions from, hot mix plants, crushers and batching plants will be taken up, e.g. providing them, as applicable, with protection canvasses and dust extraction units. Mixing equipment will be well sealed and equipped as per existing standards.

Water will be sprayed in the lime/cement and earth mixing sites.

Work safety measures like dust masks shall be taken by the contractor to ensure no health risks for operators

include

include include

at sites of hot mix plant




SC/ENV/ RE

Appendix 3 77




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.4.3. B.4.4. Trans-portation of materials, and other construction activities that create dust and emissions





include

include include


During construction



SC/ENV/ RE








In accordance with the Environmental Monitoring Plan noise measurements will be carried out at locations and schedule specified by the SC/ENV to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures

Asphalt plant should be located 500 m away from settlement area (down wind).


At hot mix plant, batching plants & Construction sites Built-up areas Schools along the length of project road

Towns and villages t.b.d. Monitoring at selected towns and villages

During construction

Included in Trial Planting and Enhance-ment Budget of EMP

Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor Contractor through approved monitoring agency

SC/ENV /RE

78 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.6. FAUNA and FLORA B.6.1. Access to sensitive areas and fragile ecosystem

Poaching on wildlife, collecting wild plants, disturbance of ecosystem


No open fires will be allowed Restoration of vegetated areas

damaged Strict instructions from the

Contractor to work staff (particularly the cooks) with respect to poaching local wildlife



Near sensitive areas described in the IEE, e.g Takatu Mountain Range




SC/ENV/ RE/F&WD

B.7. ROAD SAFETY and COMMUNITY LIFE B.7.1. Vehicular movement at construction sites and access/ service roads

Accident risks, particularly inflicting local communities who are not familiar with presence of heavy equipment






Throughout Project Road, particularly near the settlements and sensitive locations (schools, health centres, etc)




SC/ENV/ RE

Appendix 3 79




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision Setting up speed limits in close

consultation with the local stakeholders Ensure proper lighting at auxiliary

facilities such as bus bays, taxi stands, passengers waiting sheds etc.

If identified, consider guard rails at accident-prone stretches and sensitive locations (schools).




Accident and health risks




Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the keeping out of non-working persons, particularly children, off work sites






NHA/SC/ ENV/RE

Adequate signage, lightning devices,

barriers and persons with flags during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and access roads.

Road safety education will be divulged to drivers operating construction vehicles

include include


80 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.8. SOCIAL BALANCE and PUBLIC RELATIONS B.8.1. Cultural differences between contractor and locals







entire Project Area




SC/ENV/ RE

B.8.2. Conflicts arising due to the mix of local & migratory job seekers

Social disturbance and dissatisfaction with employing outsiders

Familiarize outside labourers on local etiquettes (e.g. chadar and purdah)

Aim at obliging the contractors to employ an agreed ratio (>75%) local community (unskilled) labour for construction works;


Include, include include

town areas From early construction period until operation commences



SC/ENV/ RE

B.8.3. Crimes








BPG

Police NGOs / CBOs

SC/ENV/ RE

Appendix 3 81




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget b

Implementation Supervision B.8.4. Use of local resources and products

Competition for natural resources e.g. with farmers livestock raisers and nomads for range lands

Water supply and sanitation facilities labour forces will not exacerbate the existing shortages and environmental hazards; Contractors should primarily seek their own sources of water in due distance (min. 1 km) from local user’s wells.

Ensure labour forces do not exploit adjacent forest resources without written permit from forest owners or local community leaders.

include include

agricultural area with tubewell irrigation




SC/ENV/ RE

B.9. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES B.9.1. Encountering archaeological sites during earth works

Impacts of historically important sites and damage to fossils, arte-facts, tombs, structure etc, as defined in 1975 Antiques Act

In case of detecting any archaeological artefact, structure, tomb etc., the Contractor needs immediately halt all works at the find site and brief within shortest time possible the Archaeological Department in Karachi.


include Include, refer to Antiques Act 1975





SC/ENV/ RE

C. OPERATION PHASE C.1. WATER and SOILS

C.1.1. Drainage of runoff from roads into water bodies







SC/ENVc together with approved laboratory

NHA/ED/ ENV

c responsible only until termination of Supervision Contract

82 Appendix 3




Component


Referenced to Contract Document


Timeframe

Mitigation Budget e

Implementation Supervision Congestion of

drainage structures in urban areas


In all built-up areas




The spills at the accident sites will be cleared immediately and disposed off properly



NHA/RE NHA/ED/ ENV

C.2. AMBIENT AIR QUALITY





Speed limits at sensitive locations Monitoring air quality at defined

schedule Regular vehicle check to control/ensure

compliance with NEQS Enforcement and penalties against

traffic rules violators

Where applicable - ditto - 4 urban areas and at 4 sensitive spots

schedule as per NHA roadside plantation scheme at schedule defined in the monitoring plan


NHA/RE NHA/RE NHA/ED SC/ENV3 NHA/ED Motorway Police

NHA/ED/ ENV




Monitoring at 4 towns and 4 villages


as needed


NHA/ED SC/ENV3

EPA

d Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation e Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.4

Appendix 3 83

Institutional

Responsibility Activities

and Actions Environmental

Issue/ Component


Referencef to Contract Document


Timeframe

Mitigation Budget g

Implementation Supervision According to monitoring results,

additional sound barriers in form of trees and hedges will be discussed with the affected pubic and planted if agreed

Signs for sensitive zones (health centers / educational institutions etc.) will to disallow the use of pressure horns;

Enforcement and penalties against traffic rules violators

as applicable at sensitive spots - ditto - - ditto -

as needed regularly

NHA/ED NHA Motorway Police



Provision of proper safety signage. Setting up speed limits Proper lighting arrangements at petrol

stations, bus truck stops Display of signboards alerting drivers’

attention on wildlife and environmental issues related to safe driving and wildlife encounters.



Workshop & Training events - ditto -



F&WD


Poaching on wildlife; disturbance of fragile ecosystem






SC/ENV3 F&WD

F&WD

f Applicable legal references will be added once the contract documentation is under preparation g Details on budget, calculation assumptions and breakdown of costs, see Section 5 of the IEE Report, Tab.4

84 Appendix 3




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget g

Implementation Supervision C.4.3. Roadside Plantation





Operation Stage



SC/ENV3/

RE

C.5. ROAD SAFETY C.5.1. Vehicular movement

Accidents involving hazardous materials


Efforts will be made to clean the spills of oil, toxic chemicals etc. as early as possible.


Operation Stage

to be borne by perpetrator

SC/ENV3 Local Authorities

RE





throughout Project road

Operation stage

NHA budget NHA, with support from SC/ENV3 Motorway Police






Operation stage



Motorway Police

Appendix 3 85




Component




Timeframe

Mitigation Budget g

Implementation Supervision Other Matters

Changing By-pass Alignment

May lead to generating different environmental impacts

Undertake additional environmental assessment study to identify potential impacts

Undertake consultation with the affected people of the new alignment

Incorporate proposed mitigation and community concerns into detail design

If it is categorized as a major change, a new environmental clearance has to be obtained

Along the new alignment

Prior finalizing the detail design

Included in the O&M budget of the EMP


NHA/ENV/ EPA

Construction of parking facilities







NHA/ENV/ Provincial EPA

Abbreviations: BPG = Balochistan Provincial Government

ED = Environmental Department of NHA (= GM Environment/Lands) ENV = Environmental Expert, contracted by Supervision Consultant F&WD = Forest & Wildlife Department NHA = National Highway Authority

SC = Supervision Consultant

86 Appendix 4

1. MONITORING PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - N70 MULTAN - MUZAFFARGARH

Environmental Component

Project Stages Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Approx

Cost (Rs) Implementation Supervision

Construction PM10, SO2, NOx, CO

(1) at 5-10 m distance at all Hot mix plants, crushers Batching, (2) Multan, km 0 (3) M.garh, km 19.5 , 24.5

PM10, for continu-ous 24 hrs, on monthly schedule;

EPA Ambient Air Quality Standards, NEQS

5*12*20,000= 1.2 million

Contractor Independent contract

SC/ENV EPA

Air quality

Operation SPM, RPM, NOx, SOx, CO, HC, Pb

(1) at km 0 (2) at km 19.5 (3) at km 24.5

For continuous 24 hrs, on quarterly bases.


3*2*25,000 = 600,000

Independent contract

SC/ENV EPA

Construction pH, NaCl, BOD, COD, TDS , TSS, diss. O2, NHx, coliforms hydrocarbon, Pb

(1) 1 sites at streams & wells downstream of construction camps, (2) 3 sites, km 19, 22 and km 25

Quarterly WHO and NEQS

4*10*15,000= 600,000


SC/ENV EPA

Water quality

Operation pH, NaCl, BOD, COD, TDS , TSS, diss. O2, NHx, coliforms

(1) 3 sites, km 19, 22 and km 25


4*2*12,000 = 96,000


SC/ENV EPA

Construction [dBA] at construction sites in settlement areas (1) at km 0 (2) at km 19.5 (3) at km 24.5

24 hr continuous at selected sites at 1 m, 7.5m, 15 m & 50m from ROW, Quarterly

EPA Ambient Noise standards.

4*4 *8*2000 = 256,000


SC/ENV EPA

Noise levels

Operation [dBA] (1) at km 0 (2) at km 19.5 (3) at km 24.5

24 hr continuous at 1 m, 7.5m, 15 m & 50m from ROW, Quarterly


5*4*2*2000 =80,000


SC/ENV EPA

Appendix 4 87




Construction 1) visual inspect- tion for erosion damages on embankment and structures. (2) Heavy metal contaminants (3) check inspections

all along road alignment, especially all drainage and oil spill prevention measures at reported sites with spillage & contamination

All along the alignment

Daily as incident, with immediate effect

quarterly

no erosion damage, engineering Standards NEQS engineering Standards

Contractor’s cost

- ditto -

12*30,000 = 360,000

Contractor

- ditto - SC/ENV/RE

SC/ENV EPA SC/ENV EPA EPA

Soil erosion and contamination

Operation (1) visual inspect-tion for erosion damages. (2) Heavy metal contaminants

all along road alignment at reported sites with spillage & contamination

according to NHA maintenance schedule as incident, with immediate effect

Engineering standards NEQS

NHA Maintenance

Budget

- ditto -

NHA Maintenance

- ditto -

EPA

EPA

Construction visual inspection of plant species’ survival rate and status of maintenance

(1) at sites where plantation was carried out (2) at trial and enhance-ment plots (4 km) with experimental plantation of dune-stabilizing scrubs

(1) one month after plantation (2) one year after plantation 1 month, 3 month 6 month 12 months after planting

75% survival rate - ditto -

3*30,000= 90,000

4*4*10,000= 80,000

Independent contract SC/ENV and contracted nursing firm

SC/ENV EPA EPA

Roadside plantation

Operation visual inspection of plant species’ survival rate and status of maintenance

at sites where plantation was carried out

(1) 2.5 years after plantation

75% survival rate -

1*30,000= 30,000


SC/ENV EPA

Safety and traffic rules compliance

Operation (1) Faulty, overloaded & over-speeding vehicles. (2) Inspection of Signage

all along the road, with spot checks at accident-prone black spots

Quarterly basis, for 3 years.

To be determined.

Highway Police Budget

Highway Police

88 Appendix 4

2. MONITORING PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - N25 HUB-UTHAL


Project Stages Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Approx Cost

(Rs) Implementation Supervision

Construction PM10, SO2, NOx, CO

(1) at 5-10 m distance at all Hot mix plants, crushers Batching, (2) at Vinder town, market (3) Hub City km 18.5

PM10, for continu-ous 24 hrs, on monthly schedule;


5*12*20,000 = 1.2 million


SC/ENV EPA

Air quality

Operation SPM, RPM, NOx, SOx, CO, HC, Pb

(1) at Vinder town, market (2) at Marble City plot (3) Hub City km 18.5



3*2*25,000 = 600,000


SC/ENV EPA

Construction pH, NaCl, BOD, COD, TDS , TSS, diss. O2, NHx, coliforms hydrocarbon, Pb

(1) 2 sites at streams & wells downstream of construction camps, (2) 2 sites at Vinder River crossing.


4*10*15,000 = 600,000


SC/ENV EPA

Water quality

Operation pH, NaCl, BOD, COD, TDS , TSS, diss. O2, NHx, coliforms

4 sites at streams & wells in selected roadside villages to be determined in consultation with communities


4*2*12,000 = 96,000


SC/ENV EPA

Construction [dBA] at construction sites in settlement areas (1) Vinder town, 2 sites (2) at Marble City plot (3) Hub City km 18.5



4*4 *8*2000 = 256,000


SC/ENV EPA

Noise levels

Operation [dBA] (1) Liari Junction (2) Vinder town, 2 sites (3) at Marble City plot (4) Hub City km 18.5



5*4*2*2000 =80,000


SC/ENV EPA

Appendix 4 89


Project Stages Parameters Locations Frequency Standards Approx Cost

(Rs) Implementation Supervision





quarterly


Contractor’s cost

- ditto -

12*30,000 = 360,000

Contractor

- ditto - SC/ENV/RE







NHA Maintenance

Budget

- ditto -

NHA Maintenance

- ditto -

EPA

EPA




Less 75% survival rate but should not be less than 60%

3*30,000= 90,000

4*4*10,000= 80,000


SC/ENV EPA EPA

Roadside plantation




- ditto- 1*30,000= 30,000


SC/ENV EPA





To be determined.


Highway Police

90 Appendix 4

3. MONITORING PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS - N50 KUCHLAK - ZHOB




Construction PM10, NOx, CO (1) at 10 m distance at all hot mix plants, crushers Batching, (2) at 2 town diversions (3) at 3 village diversions

PM10, for continu-ous 24 hrs, on quarterly schedule; other spot samp-les, quartery


10*3*12* 12,000 = 5.76 million


SC/ENV EPA

Air quality

Operation SPM, RPM, NOx, CO

(1) M.bagh and Q.Saif-ulllah, (bypass, market) (2) at Kuchlak and (3) at Kanozai



4*4*3* 15,000 = 720,000


SC/ENV EPA

Construction pH, NaCl, BOD, COD, TDS, diss. O2,, coliforms hydrocarbons

(1) 1 sites at wells downstream of each construction camp, (2) 2 sites at river and canal crossings t.b.d.


7*8*12* 12,000 = 4.032 milion


SC/ENV EPA

Water quality

Operation pH, NaCl, BOD, COD, TDS , diss. O2, coliformshydrocarbons

4 sites at streams & wells in selected roadside villages to be determined in consultation with communities


4*8*3* 12,000 = 1.152 million


SC/ENV EPA

Construction [dBA] at construction sites in settlement areas (1) M.bagh, bypass (2) Qila Saifullah (3) 3 villages t.b.d



5*4 *12* 2000 = 480,000


SC/ENV EPA

Noise levels

Operation [dBA] ((1) M.bagh, bypass (2) Qila Saifullah (3) 3 villages t.b.d



5*4*3*2000 =120,000


SC/ENV EPA

Appendix 4 91








quarterly


Contractor’s cost

- ditto -

12*30,000 = 360,000

Contractor

- ditto - SC/ENV/RE







NHA Maintenance

Budget

- ditto -

NHA Maintenance

- ditto -

EPA

EPA




Less than75% survival rate but should not be less than 60% - ditto -

3*30,000= 90,000

4*4*10,000= 80,000


SC/ENV EPA EPA

Roadside plantation




- ditto-

1*30,000= 30,000


SC/ENV EPA





To be determined.


Highway Police

Subregional Transport Connectivity Sector Project in Pakistan · 2014-09-29 · I. INTRODUCTION 1....

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