Subordinating Subordinating Conjunctions/Complex Conjunctions/Complex

SentencesSentences

connect two complete ideas by connect two complete ideas by making one of the ideas making one of the ideas

subordinate or less important than subordinate or less important than the otherthe other

ClausesClauses

All clauses have a subject and a verbAll clauses have a subject and a verb• Subordinate/dependentSubordinate/dependent clauses clauses

cannot stand alonecannot stand alone• Ex: before Ex: before Nate Nate leftleft on his trip on his trip

• IndependentIndependent clauses can stand alone clauses can stand alone as a complete sentence.as a complete sentence.

• Ex: Ex: NateNate leftleft on his trip. on his trip.

SubjectVerb

When you join a subordinate clause/dependent and an independent clause, you create a complex sentence.

There are two types of subordinate There are two types of subordinate clauses.clauses.

Adjective clause- Adjective clause- is a subordinate is a subordinate clause that modifies or describes a clause that modifies or describes a noun or pronoun in the main clause of noun or pronoun in the main clause of a complex sentence.a complex sentence.

Adverb clause- Adverb clause- is a subordinate clause is a subordinate clause that modifies or describes the verb in that modifies or describes the verb in the main clause of a complex sentence. the main clause of a complex sentence.

Adverb clauses tells how, where, when, why, or under what condition an action occurs.

ClausesClauses

All clauses have a subject and a verbAll clauses have a subject and a verb• SubordinateSubordinate clauses cannot stand alone clauses cannot stand alone• Another name for Another name for subordinate clausesubordinate clause is is

dependent clause.dependent clause.

• Ex: Ex: beforebefore Nate Nate leftleft on his trip on his trip

• IndependentIndependent clauses clauses (independent clause)(independent clause) can stand alone as a complete sentence.can stand alone as a complete sentence.

• Ex: Ex: NateNate leftleft on his trip. on his trip.

Subordinating Conjunction

List of Subordinating ConjunctionsList of Subordinating Conjunctions

AfterAfter AlthoughAlthough AsAs As ifAs if As long asAs long as As soon asAs soon as As thoughAs though BecauseBecause BeforeBefore Even ifEven if Where **Where ** WheneverWhenever That **That ** Which **Which ** Whoever ** Whoever **

Even thoughEven though If If In order thatIn order that LestLest Now thatNow that SinceSince So thatSo that Than Than ThoughThough Till (Until)Till (Until) WhereverWherever WhereasWhereas Who **Who ** Whom **Whom ** Whose **Whose ** What **What ** When **When **

COMPLEX SENTENCE:COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONSSUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Independent Dependent

ExamplesExamples

AfterAfter considering the consequences of considering the consequences of murder, the burglar fled the bank without murder, the burglar fled the bank without harming the teller.harming the teller.

The tree will fall over The tree will fall over unlessunless we replace we replace the top soil.the top soil.

WheneverWhenever Jessica flips her hair, all the Jessica flips her hair, all the boys in the class lose their focus.boys in the class lose their focus.

When you have a subordinate clause and When you have a subordinate clause and an independent clause, you have a an independent clause, you have a complex sentence.complex sentence.

WhenWhen the subordinating clause the subordinating clause

begins the sentencebegins the sentence,, the the subordinating clause is separated subordinating clause is separated from the independent clause with a from the independent clause with a comma.comma.

Punctuating with subordinate Punctuating with subordinate conjunctionsconjunctions

Some clauses may be essential or non essential.

Essential means the information is needed in the sentence, so no commas will be used. To determine if a clause is essential ask yourself if the clause tells you which one.

Non- essential is extra information. Usually when an adverb clause comes at

the end of the sentence; you would not place a comma in front of it.

COMPLEX SENTENCE:COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONSSUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

Clause 1 Clause 2

Dependent Independent

Examples of complex sentencesExamples of complex sentences If If the paperwork arrives on timethe paperwork arrives on time,,

your check will be mailed on your check will be mailed on Tuesday. Tuesday.

AfterAfter she had learned to drive she had learned to drive,, Alice felt more independent. Alice felt more independent.

Gerald had to begun his thesis over Gerald had to begun his thesis over again again when when his computer crashed. his computer crashed.

I wondered I wondered whetherwhether the homework the homework was necessary was necessary (or not)(or not). .

1. Do you recognize the person who is 1. Do you recognize the person who is sitting next to you?sitting next to you?

2. When an image is reversed it is called a 2. When an image is reversed it is called a mirror image.mirror image.

3. My mother drove me to school since I 3. My mother drove me to school since I missed the bus.missed the bus.

4. Because we are going to the concert I 4. Because we are going to the concert I want my mom to drive her car.want my mom to drive her car.

5. I have more work to do today because I 5. I have more work to do today because I didn’t do my homework yesterday. didn’t do my homework yesterday.

1. Divers wear wet suits and rubber 1. Divers wear wet suits and rubber fins when they swim.fins when they swim.

2. They wear wet suits because the 2. They wear wet suits because the water might get cold.water might get cold.

Divers wear masks since they need Divers wear masks since they need them for underwater vision.them for underwater vision.

1. Scuba equipment, which is used for deep sea diving, gets its name from the phrase self-contained underwater breathing apparatus.

2.Jacques Cousteau, who is famous for underwater exploration, designed the aqua lung.

3. Divers sometimes wear weights that they strap on.