Subjective Atlas of the European Union, from an Estonian point of view

SUBJECTIVE ATLASOF THE EUROPEAN UNION

FROM AN ESTONIAN POINT OF VIEW

Students Estonian Academy of Arts and Annelys de Vet Tallinn, October 2004

5Table of contents

08 PrefaceKristjan Mändmaa

10 IntroductionAnnelys de Vet

12 Estonia and Europe, a subjective elevationTõnu Kaalep

18 European_UnionKristjan Jagomägi

20 Organisations that Republic of Estonia is member of Igor Hobotov

22 Subjective historical rhymeIgor Hobotov

24 EstoniaGrete Gutmann

26 EU standarsKadri-Maria Mitt Margo Niit Rain Saavel Anu Vahtra

38 Flags of the EU countries sorted by colorKoit Randmäe

42 Europe from an extraterrestrial point of viewIvar Lipp Koit Randmäe Silver Seeblum

44 Internet usage in the EUIngvar Meen

46 www.24x7.eeDaniel Kotsjuba

6 Table of contents

48 EU NumberplatesErko Rundu

50 DilemmaErko Rundu

52 I love to die in EUMarek Tihkan

54 Beer per EU citizen per yearKaarel NõmmikVäino Õun

56 Imagining the EU countriesMikk Heinsoo

60 Disposition of EU countriesSamuel Vincent Paal

62 Visiting countries / Visited countriesRuuduu Remmelbas Helene Vetik

64 Carrying EuropeSonja Apunnikova Irina Kljujeva Sandra Kossorotova Marina Ottmaa

72 The DJ’s that I rememberDaniel Kotsjuba

73 The most known EuropeansMikk Heinsoo

76 Lift to EuropeEerik Kändler

78 Estonian Academy of Arts official student ExchangeIgor Hobotov

7Table of contents

80 Estonia in comparisonJaan Evart Sirkel Indrek Anton Koovit

92 Room 119B, Estonian Academy of ArtsAnu Vahtra

98 InterviewKristjan Mändmaa Annelys de Vet

102 Index of portraits 108 Glossary

110 Bibliography

111 Colophon

8

Welcome to Subjectivity!

The book you are holding in your hands is the result of a workshop at the Estonian Academy of Arts. A group of Estonian students together with the Dutch designer Annelys de Vet were confronted with a seemingly impossible task of finding something exciting in such an abstract and un-cool subject as EU.

After all, what more could there be to say about it? Over the past few years, “European Union” has probably been the most repeated phrase in the media and politics of our newly accessed country. Makes one sort of numb to hear it again.

Yet, there is a small but important detail to be noticed: the people exploring the subject so far have mostly tried to be objective – attempted to look at the big picture. When one makes a generalisation, it is only natural to omit the details. This is even easier to happen when talking about the noble values the EU supposedly represents: freedom, culture, cooperation.

There is a world to say for objectivity and political correctness, yet they have one major flaw – they are hopelessly uninvolving.

That is why I think the atlas you hold in your hands is extremely important. Within it’s few pages of student work lies a serious breakthrough. To my knowledge, it is the first attempt to do what the title of the book says: to observe European Union from the Estonian point of view SUBJECTIVELY. For the first time the view on things is personal, human, fresh, honest, exciting, un-hypocritical. For the first time the EU becomes the business of the people or rather the business of the persons.

Preface

Kristjan MändmaaDesigner and design teacher

9

For that’s what the EU is made of – millions of small universes of it’s people. Each sees things differently. I’m quite convinced that only by becoming aware of these subjective views, by not omitting the details but embracing them, we can create a credible picture of the EU we live in.

On the following pages, Europe ceases to be an abstract, elusive idea. It becomes smaller, closer, reachable. It is only student work, done in barely two weeks of time. Yet, the result convinces us: It’s possible to be involved.

Enjoy the atlas!

Preface

10

Rorschachtest European Union 2004

11Introduction

Everything used to be different, and will be, tomorrow. The subjective ‘Atlas of the European Union, from an Estonian point of view’ is a compilation of current thougths and views of more than thirty young designers, or ‘image-makers’, who are trained to make complex information transparent. They have used their own stories to create new images.

I’m convinced of the need of creating personal images of and for Europe. The EU as such is intangible, the information produced too abstract. Of course there is not one single image of Europa. It’s outlook is an everchanging and endless collection of images. The EU is not just the administrators in Brussels or the politicians in Strasbourg. It is ‘us’, you and me, and so many others. The true Europe is based on culture. Different cultures, subcultures, old and new cultures. And to feel attached to our own culture and the one of others we need to distinguish and preserve the differences.

Let’s tell each other what we think, who we are and what we’re like. We have to retell the stories over and over again, construct new narratives. Not in order to change, but to be able to exchange our alternating perceptions of cultural concepts, and to stay at a safe distance of the magnetic fields of mass media.

Annelys de VetGraphic designer

12

I have no information of how much of architectur-al drawing is taught in EU schools. In Soviet high schools, drawing of the elevations of different buildings and objects was considered one of the most important classes. A depiction on an object from three different angles is an agreed-upon de-scription that should allow us to copy the original or at least understand it better.

I’ll make an attempt now to describe the Estonian-EU relations using the same kind of method: three points of view originating from different angles. The angles are of the generational nature. My aim is not to create a technical, scientific drawing, but to offer the purest subjectivity in its typical form.

Tõnu KaalepGraphic designer and critic

ESTONIA AND EUROPE, A SUBJECTIVE ELEVATION

(architectural term)

13

The older generationOf course they are aware of Europe’s existence and of the fact that Estonia belongs there. There is no need to explain them the European nature of the Estonian culture. But at the same time these older Estonians have been raised in the Soviet society, during a relatively dreadful period. They are care-ful and sceptical. A short while ago, EU was like a boogy-man for many of them - an equal to the Soviet Union, an opposite to the “good old Estonian time” (our first, short-lived independence in 1918-1940). The fear still exists to lose our freedom once again.

At the same time, the new situation perfectly dis-plays this generation’s desire to adjust. That desire manifests itself, for example, through the older peo-ple’s urge to travel. “Abroad” is a non-familiar place physically as well as mentally. But it is so exciting! The lack of language-skills does not matter. For the people who spent decades in a closed society, the outside-world became hopelessly seductive. Over the last 10 years, the Estonian travel agencies have become to offer more and more cheap bus trips quite available even for the not-so-well-to-do and re-tired people. A different matter is - what will they do with these brand new travel-memories? Will these evolve into a new, wholesome world-view? Or will there prevail an understanding of our small coun-try being an eternally suffering victim of the bigger nations? How subjective is the (world)atlas of this generation?

The middle generationIn fact, it is just a bunch of pragmatists. In the good sense as well as the bad. This genereation has expe-rienced a closed society, yet at the same time this society was a big joke already in the 1980s.Their parents may have remembered about the fear of war and of deportation in their childhood, but by the end of the Brezhnev’s era, the Soviet power had become nothing more than a comedy. Ok, there ex-isted a threat for the young men to be drafted and sent to Afghanistan; the die-hard freedom-fighting

Viewpoint A

Viewpoint B

14

dissidents were severely repressed. Still, the his-tory repeats itself as a parody. A comical society will not last for long. Re-gaining its independence, its re-Europization was something more than natural for Estonia.

I know, I could go wherever I desire if I only both-ered to do so. The feeling of suppression of the closed space known to my parents, thus, has been overcome by me. I don’t have to travel to fulfill a long-unreachable dream. In fact, where would I go? Speaking of myself, my mental space reached Europe and beyond several years ago. I don’t expe-rience the boundaries like my parents do. At the same time I’m restricted by the determination of the physical space. I just feel so good in Estonia that I don’t bother to seriously consider the idea of mov-ing somewhere else for a longer period of time. It seems to be true about the whole generation of the people born on the second half of the 1960s, the “generation of the winners”. (I’m not talking about the top-executives of the business world. These peo-ple are just about to enter the international orbit.)

Of course, the young people have many advantages. From a certain age on the people become increas-ingly conservative and careful. They tie themselves forever with the soft but sturdy chains of the con-sumer-society: houses, loans, families. What do you think - wouldn’t I want to be a post-graduate design student of some Dutch or British university? But I’ve made my choices.

The young generationHere I have to be most speculative. I’m only assum-ing. It seems to me that the 20-years-old of today are almost entirely free. Another matter is how they understand it themselves; what new problems may this freedom create? They move effortlessly between countries and languages; EU is a normal, logical environment for them. And yet, their increas-ingly international position is also caused by the situation at home. Here the space has been already invaded. It is not possible to repeat the miracle of

Estonia and Europe, a subjective elevation

Viewpoint C

15

their just 10 years older countrymen - from zero to superstar - guys from nowhere becoming instant leaders and dignitaries. “The generation of the winners” is blocking the way. They (us!) are about to become extremely annoying seniors gripping tightly on to their chairs. The newly opened world may ease the situation. There are options available elsewhere.

UnderstandingIf one compares two of the most distant genera-tions (A and C), it becomes apparent that their posi-tions on an international axis of nationality-globaliza-tion are totally different. For the older generation, Estonia is of a sacral nature. I think Estonia holds a value for the young people as well, but it is of a quite different character.

The mental space is becoming a physical space for the young generation. Is it an ideal solution? Is this the idea of EU? Is it the end of history? Is it, in the longer perspective, the end of Estonia as we know it?

But is Europe an ideology? Is Europe a space of same sort at all? Or is it just an idea? What are we talking about while writing, drawig and discussing Europe? How subjective is our imagination of the European Union?

Estonia and Europe, a subjective elevation

17Subjective Atlas of the European Union from an Estonian point of view

18 European_Union

EUROPEAN_UNION

UNITED_OR_TIED

19European_Union

20 Organisations that Republic of Estonia is a member of

21Organisations that Republic of Estonia is a member of

22

President of the former Republic of Estonia in 1930s on 24th of February - The Estonian Independence Day.

President of the Republic of Estonia on 24th of February, 2003.

Visit by SS Generals in 1930s.

Visit by a US Army General in 2003.

President and other government members of the former Republic of Estonia in 1930s on airport fi eld.

President and prime minister of Republic of Estonia at the opening of a new military AA radar.

Subjective historical rhyme

Visit by German Generals in 1930s.

23

New Estonian government members in Moscow. Joining USSR.

In 2004 Republic of Estonia becomes a full member of European Union.

Foreign military ship in Estonia in 1930s.

President of Republic of Estonia in 2002.

Foreign military ship in Estonia in 2002.

President and other government members of the former Republic of Estonia in 1930s.

Subjective historical rhyme

24

WESTONIA

EASTONIA

Estonia

25

I PREFER ESTONIA

Estonia

26 EU Standards

27EU Standards

28

The fat percentage of permitted drinking milk in EU ranges from 3.5% to 4.0% and from 1.5% to 1.8%. More than 90% of drinking milking in Estonia contains 2.5% fat

EU standards

29

The excess sugar stocks need to be processed into fuel or fodder or exported from EU, but may not be turned into syrup or anything else sweet

EU standards

30 EU standards

Map based on square kilometers per country

31

Irel

and

Por

tuga

l

Spa

inU

nite

d K

ingd

om

Bel

gium

Fra

nce

Luxe

mbo

urg

the

Net

herl

ands

Mal

ta

Den

mar

kG

erm

any

Ital

yA

ustr

ia C

zech

ia

Slo

vaki

aPol

and

Slo

veni

a Sw

eden

Lativa

Lith

uani

aH

unga

ry E

ston

ia F

inla

nd

Gre

ece

Cyp

rus

Finland

Sweden

United Kingdom

DenmarkIreland

the Netherlands

BelgiumEstoniaLatvia

LithuaniaPolandLuxembourgCzechiaSlovakia

AustriaFrancePortugalSlovenia

HungarySpainItaly

Greece

MaltaCyprus

Germany

Map based on each member state’s GDP per capita(Idea for new Euro coins: the size of each country’s coin derived from the level of the country’s GDP)

EU standards

32 EU standards

33EU standards

34 EU Standards

35EU Standards

36 EU Standards

37EU Standards

38 Flags of the EU countries sorted by color38

39Flags of the EU countries sorted by color 39

Parts of the national flags of the EU countries sorted by color*

Flags of the EU countries sorted by color40

Most popular to least popular colors used in the national flags of the EU countries*

Flags of the EU countries sorted by color 41

Most popular to least popular average colors** Coat of arms on flags not included

42 Europe from an extraterrestrial point of view42

43Europe from an extraterrestrial point of view 43

The statistics of this map are provided by Larry Hatch (UFO investigator, www.larryhatch.net). The numbers on the map are not statistics of UFO sightings frequencies, but rather indications of the freedom of information, and the willingness of people to act on those freedoms. The counts of sightings are strongly skewed and affected by:° Political matters: It was nearly impossible to get

good information from Eastern Europe during the Soviet ara for example. Military authorities

are usually the last to reveal useful information° Social conciderations: In some countries (Ger-

many comes to mind) it is not considered ‘re-spectable’ to report anything as crazy as a UFO

° Infrastructure: In some poor countries, sight-ings may lay dormant for lack of some means to report them

° UFO Awareness/Action: Some countries like France and Great Britain, have active UFO re-searchers. Others simply lack them

44 Internet usage in the EU

45Internet usage in the EU

46 www.24x7.ee46

(5,7

85)

(253)

(28)

(22)

(7)

(7)

(16)

(42)

(31)

(8)

(13)

(13)

(10)

(11)

(6)

(3)

(4)

(2)

(2)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50+

Scale of visitors from EU-countries in 2004visiting 24x7, the first Estonian internet radio station

47

(25,9

06)

(1,0

40)

(327)

(107)

(81)

(81)

(77)

(58)

(57)

(44)

(42)

(35)

(27)

(25)

(14)

(8)

(6)

(6)

(4)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100+

Scale of 'clicks' on internet radio station 24x7 in EU-countries

www.24x7.ee 47

48

Austria

Belgium

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

EU Numberplates

49

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

United Kingdom

EU Numberplates

50 Dilemma

51Dilemma

52 I love to die in EU

53

38,8

35,5

32,3

31,0

28,8

27,4

27,0

26,2

24,6

18,9

17,1

15,1

14,3

10,5

9,6

7,3

93,8

60,2

57,7

57,5

54,5

42,6

42,5

39,2

10 suicidesper 100 000persons

Lithuania

Latvia

Hungary

Estonia

Slovania

Belgium

Finland

Austria

Luxembourg

France

Czech Rep.

Poland

Denmark

Germany

Sweden

Slovakia

Ireland

Netherlands

Spain

UK

Italy

Portugal

Malta

Greece

North-Europe

Middle-Europe

South-Europe

SUICIDES in EU

Source: World Health Organization, most recent years available, as of june 2004

I love to die in EU

54

Czech Republic158 litres

The Netherlands83 litres

Belgium98 litres

Austria106 litres

Ireland125 litres

Luxembourg101 litres

United Kingdom97 litres

Finland80 litres

Germany123 litres

Denmark99 litres

Slovakia86 litres

Lithuania76 litres

Beer per EU citizen per year54

55

Spain75 litres

Latvia62 litres

Sweden55 litres

France36 litres

Hungary73 litres

Portugal61 litres

Cyprus54 litres

Italy29 litres

Estonia70 litres

Poland58 litres

Greece39 litres

Malta29 litres

Slovenia? litres

Beer per EU citizen per year 55

Sources: www.xs4all.nl/~patto1ro and www.scottish-newcastle.com/sn/scottishnewcastle/facts

56

Estonia

IrelandCyprus

Poland Denmark

Lithuania

France

Imagining the EU Countries

57

United KingdomFinland

AustriaSlovakia

Portugal Latvia


58

The Netherlands Spain

GermanyCzech Republic

Italy Luxembourg


59

Sweden Greece

Belgium Hungary

Slovakia Malta


60 Disposition of EU Countries60

The location of the EU countries according to the designers of this Atlas, positioned on a borderless map of Europe.

61Disposition of EU Countries 61

Visiting countries 62

Visited countries 63

64

To find out the connections that Esto-nians have with European countries, people on the streets were asked to show object(s) which they carried with them from another European country. The people showed different things: clothes, key fobs, jewellery and other stuff. It is very interesting to know why for example they would carry a DJ turntable or shells with them.

Olga: “I bought this parerox in Spain this summer to wear at the beach with my bikini. This autumn I wear it as a scarf to keep my neck warm and to brighten up the grey and dull days.” (page 65)

Dimon: “The ring is from England. My friend brought it from there in 2001. I got it a year later from him by gam-bling.” (page 68)

Olesja: “These shells are from a beach in Ireland. I brought them this summer. I visited my good friend and I’m carrying the shells because my dear friend was dropping them to me. I bought the stones in Scotland and while I was waiting for my plane from there I made this jewellery out of them.” (page 68)

Eerik: “My girlfriend found this plastic heart on the street in France and pre-sented it to me.” (page 69)

Svetlana: “My french friend gave this parfume to me in 2002 in France. The bottle is empty now but I’m still carrying this box with me as a mem-ory of the beautiful romance we had together.” (page 70)

Kati: “I bought this tobacco in Ger-many as it is illegal to sell this kind of tobacco in Estonia.” (page 70)

Valentin: “I received mail from the UK today with a DJ turntable, that’s why I’m carrying it with me now.” (page 71)

Carrying Europe

65

T-shirt, Hungary Sander, 21, shop assistant

Parero, Spain,Olga, 19, student

Sweater, Ireland, Olesja, 22, student

Bag, The Netherlands, Olesja, 22, student

Mobile phone holder, UKStiven, 9, pupil

Belt, Italy, Anna, 24, designer

Boots, Ireland, Tiiu, 26, musician

Sneakers, LithuaniaArnas, 23, DJ

Carrying Europe

66

Key fob, UKMartin, 29, manager

Key fob, MaltaAlja, 18, waitress

Key fob, FranceVictoria, 36, bank worker

Key fob, UKHeidi, 25, teacher

Key fob, SwedenNatalja, 27, hairdresser

Key fob, GreeceKadri, 17, dishwasher

Key fob, ItalyMaria, 32, dancer

Key fob, UKRustam, 22, student

Carrying Europe

67

Key fob, ItalyTatjana, 25, secretary

Key fob, AustriaStella, 14, pupil

Key fob, DenmarkMerit, 21, student

Key fob, NorwayOlesja, 22, student

Key fob, ItalyPavel, 17, pupil

Key fob, GermanyAlex, 28, waiter

Key fob, FinlandLarissa, 42, statistics specialist

Key fob, SpainOlga, 24, textile designer

Carrying Europe

68

Necklace, Czech RepublicIrina, 21, student

Jewellery, ScotlandOlesja, 22, student

Ring, UKDimon, 24, system adminisrator

Ring, DenmarkMarina, 20, student

Earrings, GreeceMarina, 20, student

Broche, ItalySvetlana, 21, bar manager

Seashell, PortugalKirill, 35, chef-cook

Seashells, IrelandOlesja, 22, student

Carrying Europe

69

Watch, FranceSonja, 20, student

Bracelet, BelgiumLiis, 19, student

Bracelet, PolandPasha, 25, product designer

Bracelets, UKSergo, 26, artist

Plastic heart, FranceEerik, 21, student

Watch, UKIrina, 26, actress

Bracelet, LatviaKerli, 16, pupil

Bracelet,HungaryHatuna, 25, singer

Carrying Europe

70

Eyeshadows, France Irina, 21, student

Parfume, GermanyValentin, 27, DJ

Parfume, FranceSvetlana, 33, teacher

Book, ScotlandJuri, 28, manager

Fragrance bag, SpainPiia, 22, student

Lighter, FranceReino, 36, shop assistant

Tobacco, GermanyKati, 21, student

Rizzles, GermanyEdvard, 21, student

Carrying Europe

71

Turntable, UK Valentin, 27, DJ

Vinyl, UKTanel, 32, DJ

Money, IrelandRiina, 39, housewife

Bottle opener, SwedenAnu, 20, waitress

Toy, UKHelen, 7, pupil

Coin, FinlandArtur, 18, football player

Notebook, AustriaSteven, 9, pupil

Pencil, UKLeila, 16, pupil

Carrying Europe

72 The DJ’s that I remember

73The most known Europeans*

74 The most known Europeans

75

* This list consists of written answers given by 23 Estonians (aging from 16 to 53), which have not been corrected. Only the comments (in italic) were translated. Because of that, some of the names may be spelled incorrectly and some of the people may be associated with the wrong country.

The most known Europeans

76

1

2

3

4

6

5

3

74

5

6

8 4

5

6

34

5

6

7

8

7

89

34

567

8

9

10

11

12

1314

1516

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

1 23

4

5

Sam

Elerin

Sirly

Siiri

Rety

Evelin

Liina

LEGEND

1 2 3 4 5Numbers show the distances that are covered in one day

Hitch hikersRoad Distance

1687 km

9407 km

5933 km

3285 km

4455 km

3240 km

5175 km

4

Days

231 km

Average daily distance

421 km

348 km

593 km

398 km

556 km

365 km

27

10

13

14

8

9

Kostrzyn

WIEN

RIGA

Granada

MalagaPuerto de Santa Maria

Arachon

Bydgoszcz

Tartu

Torun

Biarritz

Pamplona

Sevilla

Pau

DonostiaSan Sebastian

Võru

Pärnu

Klaipeda

Gdansk

STOCKHOLM

AMSTERDAM

WARSZAWA

PRAHA

TALLINN

BUDABEST

BERLIN

PARIS

LJUBLJANA

Venezia

Basel

Krakow

Zadar

Trieste

Zagreb

Ronda

Kaunas

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

9

10

11

12

13

7

8

1

29

10

1

2

1

2

26

27

1

23

4

6

7

1

2

3

This map is based on hitch hiking experiences of seven Estonian citizens: where they have been, what distances they have crossed and how many days it took them. The calculation of the average daily distance is based on the actual days of hitch hiking.

Lift to Europe

77

1

2

3

4

6

5

3

74

5

6

8 4

5

6

34

5

6

7

8

7

89

34

567

8

9

10

11

12

1314

1516

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

1 23

4

5

Sam

Elerin

Sirly

Siiri

Rety

Evelin

Liina

LEGEND

1 2 3 4 5Numbers show the distances that are covered in one day

Hitch hikersRoad Distance

1687 km

9407 km

5933 km

3285 km

4455 km

3240 km

5175 km

4

Days

231 km

Average daily distance

421 km

348 km

593 km

398 km

556 km

365 km

27

10

13

14

8

9

Kostrzyn

WIEN

RIGA

Granada

MalagaPuerto de Santa Maria

Arachon

Bydgoszcz

Tartu

Torun

Biarritz

Pamplona

Sevilla

Pau

DonostiaSan Sebastian

Võru

Pärnu

Klaipeda

Gdansk

STOCKHOLM

AMSTERDAM

WARSZAWA

PRAHA

TALLINN

BUDABEST

BERLIN

PARIS

LJUBLJANA

Venezia

Basel

Krakow

Zadar

Trieste

Zagreb

Ronda

Kaunas

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

9

10

11

12

13

7

8

1

29

10

1

2

1

2

26

27

1

23

4

6

7

1

2

3

Lift to Europe

78

Austria Belgium Cyprus

Czech Republic Denmark

Finland France

Germany Greece

Hungary Ireland

Italy Latvia

Lithuania Luxembourg

Malta Poland

Portugal Slovakia Slovenia

Spain Sweden

The Netherlands United Kingdom

Total: 20 students.

Incoming students 2003/2004.

63

Estonian Academy of Arts official student exchange

79

Austria Belgium Cyprus

Czech Republic Denmark

Finland France

Germany Greece

Hungary Ireland

Italy Latvia

Lithuania Luxembourg

Malta Poland

Portugal Slovakia Slovenia

Spain Sweden

The Netherlands United Kingdom

Total: 27 students.

Outgoing students 2003/2004.

63

Estonian Academy of Arts official student exchange

* Amount of students on Estonian Academy of Arts: 972 (october 2004)

80

Brita27Sweden

“I miss my mom.”

How big is your room and how much do you pay for it?

Brita’s room15 m2

375 euros per month

Kaisa’s room10 m2

350 euros per month

Nina’s room18 m2

380 euros per month

Marta’s room70 m2

250 euros per month

Sirkel (Est), Jaan (Est), Anton (Est) – currently studying and living in Amsterdam – in comparison* with Brita (Swe), Paul (Fra), Agata (Pol), Kaisa (Fin), Lina (Lat), Matthias (Ger), Julian (Aus), Nina (Den), Marta (Chz), Joseph (Ita)

Estonia in comparison

81

Paul22

France

“I miss French bread.”

Julian’s room45 m2

261 euros per month

Matthias’s room45 m2

261 euros per month

Agata’s room2 m2

0 euros per month (for free)

Paul’s room12 m2

240 euros per month

Lina’s room9 m2

60 euros per month

Joseph’s room6 m2

60 euros per month

We all have 9m2

rooms and we pay 333 euros per month each

* In Estonia we could rent a luxury apartment in the centre of the city for the same amount of money we pay here.

Sirkel (20), Estonia: “I miss my girlfriend and Estonian bread.”Anton (23), Estonia: “I miss my family and Estonian bread.”Jaan (23), Estonia: “I miss my family and Estonian bread.”


82

Agata20Poland

“I miss home.”

How many meals do you have in a day?

4 meals

3 meals

3 meals 3 meals

2 meals 2 meals 2 meals

2 meals 2 meals 2 meals 2 meals

1 meal 1 meal

* We usually have our breakfast at home, at school we have some snacks and in the evening we cook the dinner together.


83

Kaisa28

Finland

“I miss the morning paper.”

How many pairs of underwear do you have?

Nina

30

pairs

Matthias

4 pairs

Paul

8 pairs

Sirkel, Jaan,

Anton 1

0 pairs

Julian1

2 pairs

Joe1

7 pairs

Marta

18

pairs

Lina2

0 pairs

Brita

20

pairs

Kaisa

26

pairs

- On the day we asked

Agata didn’t know how many pairs she has.

* Actually 10 is the average of how many pairs of underwear each of us has; Anton has less than ten, Jaan has ten and Sirkel has more than ten pairs.


84

Lina21Latvia

“I miss good food and clean towels.”

How many times a week do you go out?(cafe, bar, club etc.)

NINA - KAISA - AGATA - BRITA - PAUL -MATTHIAS -LINA - JOE -JULIAN - MARTA - WE USUALLY GO OUT FOR A DRINK ONCE A WEEK.

5 TIMES 5 TIMES3 TIMES3 TIMES2 TIMES2 TIMES2 TIMES1 TIME1 TIME1 TIME

* We seldom eat out, usually we just have a couple of beers with our friends.


85

Matthias23

Germany

“I miss my girl and German bread.”

With how many peo-ple do you live togeth-

er?

Kaisa lives with 2 Julian lives with 2 Paul lives with 2Brita lives with 3

Lina lives with 4 Joe lives with 4

Nina lives with 2 Agata lives with 2 Matthias lives with 2 We live with 2 Marta lives with 1

* We knew each other already before moving abroad, so finding roommates was never a problem for us.


With how many people do you live together?

86

Julian23Austria

“I miss the mountains.”

From where are the people who you live together with?

The Netherlands

Sweden

China, Germany,Italy, Israel

Denmark

Estonia

Poland, Switzerland

Estonia

Estonia

Argentina

* Not only are we from the same country but also from the same city and the same school.


87

Nina23

Denmark

“I miss speaking Danish.“

Norway

Sweden

China, Germany,Latvia, Israel

Mexico,The Netherlands


88

Marta20Czech Republic

“I miss the atmos-phere and the atti-tude of people.“

What languages do you speak?

Svenska, Espanol, English

Russki,English.

Deutsch,Latviska,Italiano

Polski,English,Francais

Francais,English,Deutsch

English,Italiano,Sicilian


Cestina,Slovakian,

Nederlands,English

Suomi,English,

Svenska,Francais,Espanol


English,Dansk

Eesti,English,Suomi

Eesti,English

Eesti,Russki,English,Francais

* Almost every Estonian knows at least the basic English; Anton speaks Russian because his grandmother is Russian; Sirkel knows some Finnish thanks to the Finnish television.


89

Joseph24

Italy

“I miss the Mediterranean.”

What time do you go to sleep?

English,Dansk

00:00

01:00

02:00

03:00* We would like to go to bed

earlier but for some reason we never manage to.


92 Room 119B, Estonian Academy of Arts

10:45 15.10.2004 10:53 15.10.2004 10:59 15.10.2004

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11:49 15.10.2004 11:59 15.10.2004 12:00 15.10.2004

11:03 18.10.2004 11:05 18.10.2004 19:23 18.10.2004

93Room 119B, Estonian Academy of Arts

12:07 19.10.2004 12:33 19.10.2004 12:34 19.10.2004

12:37 19.10.2004 14:11 19.10.2004 14:12 19.10.2004

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95

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11:16 22.10.2004 11:49 22.10.2004 12:00 22.10.2004

Room 119B, Estonian Academy of Arts

98

Kristjan Mändmaa: What is important in design?

Annelys de Vet: Personal involvement and related ideas.

Why are you a designer; what do you find appealing in design?

Being able to investigate and develop ideas on society and culture, and trans-form the observations into useful ideas or even leave them as questions.

You are constantly experimenting with different means and medias. Do you feel that everything is design or would you rather argue that these additional activities are merely at-tempts to seek variety and avoid boredom?

The output of the work appears in dif-ferent forms or media, but the input is always the same: ideas. The computer enables me to make videos, printed matter, sounds, images, drawings, web-sites, newspapers, posters, stamps and coins, all from the same position: sitting at a desk, countless mouse clicks, star-ing at a screen without a horizon. It’s not the medium that counts, it’s not the skill that matters, but it’s the attitude that makes the difference.

It strikes me when I hear how many important (and probably self-impor-tant) Dutch art-celebrities you have been cooperating with. What’s your secret? How is it possible to work to-gether with the Giants of the Visual who, as my guess is, always know better?

You can add the following ones to the list: you, Kristjan Mändmaa and the de-sign students of the Estonian Art Acad-emy. Collaborating with others – other thinkers – opens up ideas. The transmis-sion of thoughts is such a beautiful thing. I want to exchange, find out about what drives others, reflect on ideas, but most of all I want to learn from other people. Every project that I work on should give something back: inspiration, new ideas, different skills, unexpected experiences and, most of all, a joyful time.

There is no secret. What is important to me is staying close and loyal to myself, never ever trying to be someone else, to be my own standard. Apparently, that has also inspired you and others to enter into collaboration.

One of the more controversial themes you have been exploring is the ‘Right to Copy’. The lecture and other activi-ties: how did these come about?

It’s ridiculous to think that you are origi-nal, that one speaks uniquely his or her very own language. There are so many influences, but you’re not always aware of them. Children learn by imitating the people around them. Somewhere at the end of adolescence we seem to be inclined to think that we have to do it all by ourselves. But I don’t see a reason why we should stop imitating the people we admire. Imitating is learning and by appropriating the copy we develop new thoughts and designs collectively. Origi-nality doesn’t exist in the pure sense of the word. Everything is processed by something else; every idea is created by all the other ideas you’ve been confront-ed with. A design is a result of a series

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99

of stimuli and influences, all set within their specific contexts. Rather than see-ing a work as a unique statement of the designer, the work should be seen as a comparative moment in time. The notion of originality should be abandoned in fa-vour of a broader reading of the work.

Still, to be practical about the ques-tion, what triggered the ‘Right to Copy’ issue? What kind of a feedback did you receive from other designers?

What triggered the idea was the urge some people were showing to be ‘origi-nal’. It felt like an act of frustration to me. Copying was a dirty word at the art acad-emy. I never fully understood this. I cop-ied a lot, not to ‘cheat’ but as a moment in the design process. Appropriating already existing designs helps to develop them further. Just as in classical music, which has a centuries old tradition of composers quoting other composers. Strangely enough, in design there seems to be a tendency of needing to be unique and having your own style. I wanted to be as open and honest as possible about my ‘influences’.

Other designers reacted relieved. When Anthon Beeke heard my lecture he asked if I wanted to come and teach at the Design Academy. Students were quite happy to hear my story; it opened many possibilities for them they didn’t feel com-fortable about before. As long as they’re honest about what they’re doing they should appropriate a lot.

You’ve become known as an expert presenter. At the Design Academy Eindhoven you also teach presenta-tion to graphic designers. The com-

mon knowledge in Estonia is that presentations are meant to sell something. Your presentations seem to have become an art form in their own right. What is the purpose of the presentations?

As I said before, it’s not the medium or the skill that needs to be communi-cated, but it’s the attitude, the thoughts and idea’s. Design is not just an object, rather a combination of many motifs, in-fluences and moments in time. Design is a transmission and what it tells is equally dependent on the spectator as on the narrator. It’s somewhere in the middle of the moment, the context, the news, the history, the future and the emotions. As a designer it’s relevant being sensitive to these influences and play with them. The presentation of things and of yourself plays an important role in the whole. It’s not just telling a story, but it’s you, the author of the design, who is introducing a story, moving around, choosing words, building sentences, posing questions, listing, performing, seducing, convincing, doubting and ending the story. This ‘pres-entation’ can be seen as a design as well, one can approach it in the same way as one would approach a design of a book or object. Quite some people forget that, whether you like it or not, the presenta-tion is part of the design.

How do you like teaching? What’s your method?

An artist I admire once told about the most inspiring teacher he had met dur-ing a visit at the Cooper Union art school in New York. All students had put their works on the walls and floors to dis-cuss it. The students gathered around

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the drawings and started to talk about each other’s works. It was an impressive course, though the teacher (the German artist Hans Haacke) kept completely si-lent. Only at the end of a discussion he would perhaps ask something that ap-parently was not yet fully discussed. That was it, no speeches, no rules, no hurry, but all things that matter were said. In general by the students themselves, by being there, committed, concentrated, taking time...

This seems to me an ideal situation. The best way to learn things is to dis-cover them on your own terms. What I can do as a teacher is to stimulate the environment in which these discoveries can take place. (I must admit that by pure enthusiasm I talk far too much.) I believe in activating what’s good instead of focusing on what’s not. I enjoy giving compliments and do my best to tell as precisely as possible for what reasons I think something is good. One of the most valuable things is motivation which is more strongly fed by a positive vibe than by a very critical one.

And why would I have the key to ‘qual-ity’? Let each person be her or his own standard.

The theme of the workshop was ‘A Subjective Atlas of the EU’. Why this subject? The EU seems to be extremely un-youthful/un-sexy thing to think about. Something for those grey-suited bureaucrats.

This is not true. The endless set of rules might be boring. But the true Europe is the cultural one. The EU is not a state with revolutionary origins but a compila-

tion of different political, historical and cultural entities. The European Union is a concept based on networks and shared values. Every country, every city and each citizen will have its own perception of this growing Union. The sad thing is that we don’t really know how to imagine Europe. There is a lack of good images. We need our own in order to commit ourselves, to start understanding and respecting each other. We need to create our own sto-ries and pictures, not the ones from the mass media. We should allow our visions to merge, to learn to know each other. In order to make the best of the EU-concept we have to share our different perspec-tives. We should develop, visualise and exchange our thoughts.

We are all part of the EU, there’s no way escaping that. There is nothing wrong with just the concept of putting our forces together. But the way in which it is done now, is setting an impossible task. The least we can do is talk about the meaning of the concept of Europe.

How did it work out? Did you learn anything new about the EU?

Being in Estonia, it is the first time that I’m in a former USSR republic. Being here, witnessing the history, hearing the different stories, teaches and informs me about Estonia in ways I’d never expected. It is shocking to realize how complicated and tough history has been here. It is undoubtedly important for the way people deal with contemporary life. At a first glance, life seems similar to that in Amsterdam; fashion is alike, we’ve read the same books, talk about the same movies, our climates are more or less equal and many speak English,

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which makes it easier to exchange our thoughts. Behind these similarities one feels a different way of dealing and cop-ing with life. But you would never read this in travel guides.

So my answer to your question is defi-nitely yes! I’ve learned a lot by listening to the stories the Estonian students told me, about their lives, their interest or disinterest in the EU, the scepticism, comparisons they made with the Soviet Union. I’ve learned from their enthusiasm for travelling. Most of all, I’ve learned more about the thoughts and culture in another country, which puts the EU in a broader perspective in my mind.

You have been researching the differ-ences between the Netherlands and other EU countries. How different are the Estonian students from the oth-ers you have come upon?

They are of course as interesting and in-spiring as students are, especially since they’re from different backgrounds than I am. I was particularly impressed by the skills they already had with the computer and making infographics. Even first grade students possessed these skills.

It was funny to observe that hardly anybody disagreed with me. The Dutch students are often more opinionated. Sometimes that’s useful for a design, be-cause by having an opinion you also cre-ate a direction, a way of approaching the design. On the other hand, the Estonian students were more willing to invest time in getting the facts and information they needed for their infographics; average information didn’t suffice.

I had the feeling that some students were not used to a way of working in which one’s own opinion, the personal role as a designer, was important for the design. In the Netherlands this seems more generally the case. We’re coining a new terminology for it: ‘author design’. The designer is not just a problem solver, but also a storyteller. The Atlas we’ve made activates the recipient’s aware-ness of the design’s social and cultural contexts in which it is embedded.

Interview

102 Index of contributors

Sonja Apunnikova 1984See page 64 - 71Visited Finland, Germany, Ire-land, Latvia, Poland, United Kingdom, Sweden

Jaan Evart 1981See page 80 - 89Visited Czech Republic, Fin-land, the Netherlands

Grete Gutmann 1985See page 24, 25Visited Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Finland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Neth-erlands, United Kingdom, Poland, Spain, Sweden

Mikk Heinsoo 1982See page 56 - 59, 73 - 75Visited Austria, Czech Repub-lic, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland

Igor Hobotov 1984See page 20 - 23, 78,79Visited Austria, Czech Repub-lic, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Spain

Sirkel Indrek 1984See page 80 - 89Visited Austria, Czech Repub-lic, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, the Netherlands, Poland

103

Kristjan Jagomägi 1970See page 18, 19Visited Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Nether-lands, Poland, Portugal, Spain

Tõnu Kaalep 1966See page 12 - 15Visited Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Poland, Sweden

Eerik Kändler 1983See page 76, 77Visited Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden

Irina Kljujeva 1983See page 64 - 71Visited Germany, France, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden

Anton Koovit 1981See page 80 - 89Visited Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Finland, France, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom

Sandra Kossorotova 1984See page 64 - 71Visited Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, United Kingdom

Index of contributors

104

Daniel Kotsjuba 1984See page 46, 47, 72Visited Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden

Ivari Lipp 1982See page 42, 43Visited Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Sweden

Kristjan Mändmaa 1973See page 8, 9, 98 - 101Visited Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Slovakia, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom

Ingvar Meen 1979See page 44, 45Visited Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Sweden

Kadri-Maria Mitt 1983See page 26 - 37Visited Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden

Margo Niit 1980See page 26 - 37Visited Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, United Kingdom


105

Kaarel Nõmmik 1985See page 54, 55Visited Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom

Marina Ottmaa 1984See page 64 – 71Visited Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia

Väino Õun 1984See page 54, 55Visited Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden

Samuel Vincent Paal 1982See page 60, 61Visited Latvia, Lithuania, Poland

Koit Randmäe 1983See page 38 – 43Visited Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland

Ruudu Remmelgas 1984See page 62, 63Visited Czech Republic, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland


106

Marek Tihkan 1985See page 52, 53Visited Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden

Anu Vahtra 1982See page 26 - 37, 92 - 95Visited Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden

Helene Vetik 1985See page 62, 63Visited Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Sweden


Erko Rundu 1981See page 48 - 51Visited Austria, Czech Repub-lic, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland

Rain Saavel 1981See page 26 - 37

Silver (S-Boy) Seeblum 1985See page 42, 43Visited Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland

107Index of contributors

Annelys de Vet (NL) 1974See page 10, 11, 98 - 101Visited Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom

108 Glossary

At·las [ fr. NL Atlas, title of a carto-graphical work (PUBLISHED IN 1559) by Gerhardus Mercator (Gerhard Kremer) † 1594 Flemish geographer; prob. fr. the fact that the title pages of cartographical works of this period often had a representaion of Atlas bearing the heavens] a: a bound collection of maps b: a bound collection of tables, charts, or plates illustrating any subject

Estonia www.cia.gov: “After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940, it regained its freedom in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with Western Europe. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.”

www.visitestonia.com: “If you’re longing for a getaway that will give you that tingle of discovering something new and untried, something exciting and magical, you need not travel outside mainstream Europe. You need only look towards this trendy, Nordic-feeling nation of 1.4 million people. It offers you an adventure you will never forget. In a world that can at times seem overly packaged, Estonia remains refreshingly genuine and uncontrived. Having cast off communist rule more than ten years ago, Estonia has thrown her doors back open to the world and invited visitors to come sample her charms. The country’s beautiful castles, old cities, manor houses, forests, beaches and islands – as its people – speak for themselves. And they tell a moving story.

This is not only a nation with a touching, visible past; it’s a nation that is as progressive and hip as it is history-filled and quaint. Its spec-tacular progress since restoring its independ-ence in 1991 is epitomized by its impressive Internet infrastructure, considered one of the most advanced anywhere in the world. Even in the depths of the countryside, you’re almost

as likely to see a villager surfing the Internet as milking a cow.”

www.lonelyplanet.com: “Ever wanted to eat blood sausages washed down with a syrupy liquor of unknown origin, go bog walking and sleep with 80 untouchable nuns and novices? You can do it all in Estonia, the small territory which packs in some charming quirks without ruining your budget.

The early years of independence brought hard-ship, but Estonia is recovering. Despite the rapid changes since it regained its independ-ence in 1991, there’s still a lot of tradition, including a language packed with deep ‘oo’s and ‘uu’s and thriving folk shindigs.

Full country name: Republic of EstoniaArea: 45,226 sq kmPopulation: 1.41 millionCapital City: TallinnPeople: Estonian (65%), Russian (28%), Ukrainian (2.5%)Language: EstonianReligion: 23% Christian (Lutheranism and Orthodoxy)Government: parliamentary republicHead of State: President Arnold RüütelHead of Government: Prime Minister Juhan Parts

GDP: US$15.52 billion GDP per capita: US$11,000Annual Growth: 5.5%Inflation: 3.7%Major Industries: Food, clothing, oil shale, metals, woodworkingMajor Trading Partners: Finland, Sweden, Germany, Latvia, LithuaniaMember of EU: Yes”

Estonian Academy of Arts The forerunner of the present-day Estonian Academy of Arts was the Tallinn Applied Art School of the Estonian Society of Art, founded in 1914.

Estonian Academy of Arts (EAA) is the only

109

Source: The new Lexicon Webster’s Dictionary of the English language, Lexicon Publications, Inc. 1989, www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/en.html#Intro, www.grains.org/glossary.html, www.visitestonia.com/index.php?page=8, www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/estonia

institution in Estonia offering education at uni-versity level in the fields of art and design. EAA consists of the faculties of Fine Arts, Design, Media Arts, Architecture and Conservation as well as the Institute of Art History. In ad-dition, the Teachers’ Training Centre at EAA provides a training programme at MA level. Evening courses and advanced training pro-grammes are available at the Open Academy. The facilities of EAA photography, e-media, video and computer centres are available for all students. The Academy’s modern library provides pleasant study environment, which is designed by the students of architecture. The EAA also has a gallery, student dormitory and the practice base situated at a picturesque Muhu Island. All EAA courses are aimed to fully develop students individual talents and ambitions emphasizing the freedom of tought and imagination.

The total number of student enrolment in EAA is 762. In addition, 155 students are studying at the EAA’s Open Academy.

Eu·ro·pe·an Un·ion A regional organization created in 1958 providing for the gradual elimination of customs duties and other intraregional trade barriers, a common external tariff against other countries and gradual adoption of other integrating measures, including a Common Agricultural Policy and guarantees of free movement of labor and capital. Formerly called the European Community (EC), the organization became the European Union in January, 1994. Since 1967, common institutions, the EU Commission, the EU Council, the European Parliament and the Court of Justice, have served members of the EU. On January 1, 1999 the EU launched a single European currency called the euro, which most member countries have adopted.

EU currently consists of 25 members: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands, United Kingdom

Sub·jec·tive relating to, or being whatever in experience or knowledge is conditioned by merely personal characteristics of mind or by particular states of mind as opposed to what is determined only be the universal conditions of human experience and knowledge – compare OBJECTIVE

Glossary

110 Bibliography

Sources of information used to compose this Atlas

Europa - Shell EuroAtlas, Marco Polo 1999The new Lexicon Webster’s Dictionary of the English language, Lexicon Publications, Inc. 1989

Eesti Filmiarhiiv Eesti PäevalehtEstonian Ministry of foreign affairsEstonian Photo and FilmarchiveSandra Sule (Estonian Academy of Arts)ScanpixUninet Datacommunication Base

ash.org.ukepp.evrostat.ces.eu.inttarzan.spoox.orgtina.pr24x7.comvisitestonia.com/index.php?page=78www.cc.utah.edu/~joseph/geography/maps/europe.gifwww.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/en.html#Introwww.google.comwww.grains.org/glossary.htmlwww.grida.no/prog/norbal/basics/maps/country/estonia.gifwww.internetworldstats.comwww.kidon.com/smokewww.larryhatch.netwww.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/europe/estoniawww.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/images/world-lg.gifwww.norid.comwww.scottish-newcastle.com/sn/scottishnewcastle/faqswww.theodora.com/maps/new3/eurasia_color.gifwww.vexilla-munid.comwww.visitestonia.com/index.php?page=8www.vm.eewww.xs4all.nl/~patto1ro

Friends, family and collegues of contributors Atlas

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The ‘Subjective Atlas of the European Union, from an Estonian point of view’ is the result of a workshop at the Estonian Academy of Arts held by Dutch graphic designer Annelys de Vet, on the invitation of Kristjan Mändmaa, 13 – 31 october 2004. Both the workshop and the Atlas are kindly supported by the Dutch Ministry of Culture and the Royal Neth-erlands Embassy.

Concept and design: Annelys de VetProject manager: Kristjan MändmaaPhoto cover: Anu VahtraContributors: Sonja Apunnikova, Jaan Evart, Grete Gutmann, Mikk Heinsoo, Igor Hobotov, Sirkel Indrek, Kristjan Jagomägi, Tõnu Kaalep, Eerik Kändler, Irina Kljujeva, Anton Koovit, Sandra Kossorotova, Daniel Kotsjuba, Ivari Lipp, Kristjan Mändmaa, Ingvar Meen, Kadri-Maria Mitt, Margo Nitt, Kaarel Nõmmik, Marina Ottmaa, Väino Õun, Samuel Vincent Paal, Koit Randmäe, Ruudu Remmelgas, Erko Rundu, Rain Saavel, Silver Seeblum, Marek Tihkan, Anu Vahtra, Annelys de Vet, Helene VetikTypeface: Eurostyle familyPaper: Nettuno (cover), MultiArt Silk, KaskadPaper supplier: Map Eesti, TallinnPrint: Printon, Tallinn

Special thanks to: Kristjan Jagomägi, Villu Järmut, Petra van der Jeught, Tõnu Kaalep, Kalle Kingsepp, Karmo Kroos, Rudy J. Luijters, Erkki Sivonen, David Vseviov and the Art Acad-emy café

Info: [email protected]

Very special thanks to the Dutch Ministry of Culture and the Royal Netherlands Embassy for supporting this project

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Subjective Atlas of the European Union, from an Estonian point of view

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