SUBJECT INDEX

Abortion complete spontaneous 689 inevitable 689 missed 689 threatened 689

Abscess Brodie's 349 intra-abdominal 440 lung 64 paracolic 441 paraspinal 118 subphrenic 32, 128,441

Achalasia 11 9 Achondrogenesis 271 Achondroplasia 26n Acoustic tumor 730. 745 Acromegaly 329 Acro-osteolysis 335

progeria 3 76 sarcoid 372

Actinomycosis bone 351

Acute abdomen 431 plain films 431

Acute appendicitis 440 Acute colitis 442 Acute toxic dilatation of the colon 442 Adamantinoma 307 Adhesions 433 Adrenal

Addison's syndrome 504 adrenogenital syndrome 504 adenoma 501 anatomy 497

vascular 497 calcification 498. 501 carcinoma 501 Conn's syndrome 504 Cushing's syndrome 504 cysts 504 ganglioneuroma 503 hormones 497 hyperplasia 505 imaging 497-500 metastases in 503 myelolipoma 504 neonatal hemorrhage 504 neuroblastoma 503 pheochromocytoma 502

in MEN types 1 and 2 502 syndromes S 00 tumors (masses) SOl

Adrenoleukodystrophy 7S 5 Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

causes (Table n.3) 102 Atheromatous stenosis and thrombosis 254

cerebral vessels 7S2

102

AIDS cerebral 77 5 lung infections 76 lung tumors 76 small bowel 553,555.558.559 colon 585.587,588

Ainhum 351 Albers-Schonberg disease 261 Albright's syndrome 264, 788 Alexander's disease 785 Alzheimer's disease 787 Alkaptonuria 267,334,393 Aluminium toxicity 374 Amebiasis

brain 773 liver 472 pulmonary 71 colon 585

Amyloid lungs 104 colon 593 small bowel 565

Aneurysm abdominal aortic 442

rupture 442 displacing ureter 652 dissection 442

cerebral 757 congenital 237 classification 237 degenerative 237 dissecting 23<) hepatic artery 476 iliac 652 infective 238 inflammatory 238 left ventricle 1 59. 162 post stenotic 19n. 241 renal artery 645 splenic artery 484 Sinus of Val salva 210 syphilitic 238 traumatic 238,781 Vein of Galen 207,744,759

Aneurysmal bone cyst 308 Angina

pectoris 158, 159 unstable 158,163

Angiocardiography 152 radionuclide 150

first pass technique 150 multigated equilibrium (MUGA)

Angiomatous malformation (angioma) Angioplasty

complications 247 coronary 159.230 systemic 247

150 207,242

Ankylosing spondylitis 384 bamboo spine 385 juvenile onset 386 lungs 100 ulcerative colitis 581

Anomalous origin of the L. pulmonary artery (pulmon-ary artery sling) 212

Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 204 Anomalous R. subclavian artery 211 Anorectal abnormalities 444 Anti-myosin antibody scanning 161 Anus

ectopiC 575 imperforate 5 74 VATER syndrome 575

Aort-a( -ic) abdominal aneurysm

dissection 442 rupture 442

arch double 212 R. sided 200

coarctation 195,237,267 intra-aortic balloon pumps 131 rupture 127 pseudocoarctation 237 traumatic aneurysm 238

Aortic atresia 191 Aortic regurgitation 174

angiography 17 S causes (Table 10.6) 174 chest X-ray 174 echocardiography 1 74 MRI 176

Aortic valve stenosis. congenital 191 Aortic valve stenosis 172

chest X-ray 172 echocardiography 172 MRI 176

Aortography in chest trauma 5 in pulmonary sequestration 5

Aorto-pulmonary window 191 Apert's syndrome 716 Appendix 594

acute appendicitis 594 appendicolith 440 carcinoid 594 mucocele 594

APUDomas 496 Arachnoid cyst 744,803,808 Armillifer armillatus 72,407 Arnold-Chiari see Chiari Arteriography

pulmonary 5 bronchial 6, 52 complications 236

846

Arteriography--cont. systemic 235 techniques 235 vascular lesions 236 tumors and cysts 245

Arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) 242 cerebral 761

traumatic 781 Arteriovenous malformation see angiomatous

malformation Arteritis 753 Artery

azygos anterior cerebral 752 internal carotid

dissection 780 lateral kinking 752 pseudothrombosis 754 thrombosis

atheromatous 752 traumatic 780

pro-atlantal intersegmental 752 anomalous middle meningeal 752 vertebral trauma 781

Arthritis septic 391 tuberculous 392

Arthrography double contrast 395 Arthrogryposis congenita multiplex 400 Asbestosis 95

malignant disease 95 mesothelioma 44.95 pleural plaques and calcification 95 shaggy heart 95

Aspergillosis 71. 100 Aspirin therapy 247 Asthma 46 Atlanto-axial dislocation 352,387,793, 794 Atlanto-axial fusion 717 Atrial septal defect 187, 192 Atrioventricular (AV) septal defect 195 Atrium(-al)

enlargement ofleft 140 myxoma left 217 thrombus 218

Avascular necrosis 274,276,359 causes 359,360 Cushing's disease 361 dysbaric disorders 361 Gaucher's disease 362 hemaglobinopathy 361 imaging 359 in pancreatitis 488.490 steroids 361

Axial osteomalacia 32 7

B-cellieukemia/lymphoma 342 Bacterial endocarditis 1 71

echocardiography 171 Baker's cyst 394,395 Balloon valvoplasty 231 Balloon septostomy 188 Bankart lesion 287 Barium sulfate contrast 529 Barium swallow, in chest studies 5 Barytosis 96 Batten's disease 785 Battered child 2 76 Beh~et' s syndrome 569 Benign lymph node hyperplasia 90 Bernoulli equation 172 Berylliosis 96 Bicuspid valves congenital 192,196 Bilateral left sidedness 186 Bilateral right sidedness 186 Bilateral superior vena cava 207 Biliary tract (see also gallbladder) 447

Ascaris lumbricoides infection 461 bile duct stones 460 bile duct strictures 459 bile ducttumors 458 biliary atresia 451

Caroli's disease 452,458 Chlonorchis sinensis infection 458,461 cholangiocarcinoma 458.47l cholangitis

primary sclerosing 460 secondary sclerosing 461,581 suppurative 461

choledochal cyst 451 choledochal diverticulum 452 common bile duct 447 cr 448 cystic duct anomalies 451 fine needle biopsy 450 gasin 457 hydatid disease 462 Lv. cholangiography 449 Klatskin tumor 459 MRI 450 operative cholangiography 449 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

448 radioisotope imaging (IDA) 448 stent insertion 450 therapeutic procedures 450

Binswanger's disease 785 Biopsy, percutaneous

mammographic 426 in chest disease 11

Bipartite patella 259 Bismuth

injection 400 poisoning 335,374

Bladder 604,613,657 acute retention 666 calcification 643, 658 calculi 636 carcinoma 643, 65 7 cystometry (CMG) 666 detrusor instability (, 6 7 diverticula 614,653,658 duplication 613 emphysematous cystitis 658 epispadias 614 extrophy 614 hourglass 614 incontinence 666 malakoplakia 658 neuropathic 658 outlet obstruction 666 pelvic lipomatosis compression 653,660 prune belly syndrome 615 schistosomiasis 643, 658 trauma 660 tuberculosis 642,658 tumors 647 vesico-ureteric reflux 641 videocystometrography (VCMG) 666

Blalock-Taussig anastamosis 188 Blastomycosis 70 Blount's disease 366 Bochdalek hernia 32 Body situs 185 Bohler's angle 292 Bone

metastases 314 primary tumors 295 syphilis 354

Boorhaave's syndrome 127 Bowelobstruction 412 Brain

abscess 767 agenesis of the corpus callosum 722 aneurysms 757 angiomatous malformations 758 aqueduct stenosis 719 arachnoid cysts 720 arterio-venous fistula 761 arteritis 753 atrophy 786

post traumatic 781 Chiari maliormations 719 congenital anomalies 718

cyst of the cavum Vergae 722 cyst of the septum pellucidum 721 Dandy-Walker syndrome 719 dural AV fistula 760 ependymal cysts 720 fungal infections 771 hemimegalencephaly 719 hemorrhage 761

intracerebral 762 extradural 777 subdural 778 subarachnoid 763

heterotopia 723 holoprosencephaly 699. 723 hydranencephaly 669,723 hypoxic damage 780 infarcts 755-757 lipoma of the corpus callosum 72 2 lissencephaly 72 3 macrocephaly (megalencephaly) 719 meningitis 767 neurofibromatosis 72 3 porenephaly 722 pachygyria 723 parasitic infections 772 schizencephaly 72 3 septal agenesis 721 septo-optic dysplasia 721 Sturge-Weber disease 72 5 swelling 780 tuber.culoma 768 tuberous sclerosis 723 tumors (see also under specific types)

epidemiology 732 imaging 732 metastases 747

venous thrombosis 754 Delta sign 754

ventricular coarctation 722 viral infections 769 Von Rippel-Lindau disease 726,746

Brodie's abscess 349 Bronchi(al) 13

adenoma 90 air bronchogram 17 bronchiectasis 49 bronchocele 52 bronchopleural fistula 39 carcinoid tumor 90 carcinoma 77

bone involvement 80 cavitating 80 histological types 77 mediastinal involvement 80 Pancoast 80 percutaneous needle biopsy 82 pleural involvement 80 radiology 78 staging 82

chronic bronchitis 47 cylindroma 91 mucoid impaction 52 neoplasms (Table 5.1) 77 obliterative bronchiolitis 49 rupture 126 salivary gland tumor 91 situs 185

Bronchiectasis 49 Bronchogenic cyst 112 Bronchography 5, 51 Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 104 Brown tumors 332 Brucellosis 351 Buerger's disease 244 Burkitt's lymphoma 307 Buscopan 5 32

Caffey's disease 373 Caisson disease 361 Calcific tendonitis 389

Subject Index

Subject Index

Calcification, soft tissues 402 acquired 404 basal ganglia 788 breast 420 congenital diseases 404 dermatomyositis 388 frostbite 404 gouty tophi 403 hypercalcemia 403 intracranial 731 metabolic causes 403 parasitic 405 penicillin injection 404 quinine injection 404 tissue injury 404 tumor 404 tumoral calcinosis 404

Calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal deposition disease 389

Calcium pyrophosphate dihyrdrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease 389

Caplan's syndrome 96 Carbon monoxide poisoning 789 Carcinoma, see specific organs and tumors Carcinoid 557,580,594 Cardiac (see under Heart) Cardiomegaly 140 Cardiomyopathy

congenital 207 hypertrophic 180,207 ischemic 158,164 mitral regurgitation 172

Carotid-basilar anastamosis 751 Carotico-cavernous fistula 781 Carpenter's syndrome 716 Castleman's disease 90,112 Cavernous angioma of brain 759 Cavernous lymphangioma 254 Central pontine myelinolysis 784 Cephalhematoma 404,776 Cerebral see Brain Chagas' disease

cardiac 180 colon 586, 592 esophageal 118

Chest aortic arch 14 extrapleurallesions (Table 1.4) 15 calcification 24 heart shadow 14 mediastinum 13 opaque hemithorax 25 post operative complications 128, 130 radiation injury 127 radiograph, analysis (Table 1.1) 11 thymus 14 trauma 123

diaphragm 124 hemothorax 124 llail chest 123 lung 126 pneumothorax 124 radiation 12 7 subcutaneous emphysema 123 sternal fracture 124

unilateral hypertransradiancy 25 wall 27

artefacts 2 7 breasts 27 bones 27 neurofibromatosis 27 soft tissues 27

Chemodectoma, mediastinal 118 Chiarimalformations 717,719,808 Chilaiditi's syndrome 438 Chondroblastoma 301 Chondrodystrophia calcillcans congenita 264 Chondroectodermal dysplasia 268 Chondromyxoid fibroma 301 Chondrosarcoma 302-304 Chordoma 312,750 Choriocarcinoma, mediastinal 109

Choroid plexus pappiloma 735 Christmas disease 345 Crohn's disease 386, 583, 585 Chromosomal abnormalities 268 Chronic bronchitis 47 Chronic granulomatous disease 74,356 Chronic obstructive airways disease 46

asthma 46 bronchitis 47

Chronic symmetric plasma cell osteomyelitis 356 Churg-Strauss disease 100 Chylothorax 254

post operative 131 Chylous rellux 254 Ciliary syndromes, congenital dyskinetic 74 Circle of Willis 751 Cleidocranial Dysostosis 259, 718 Coarctation of the aorta

thoracic 195 balloon dilatation 196

bicuspid aortic valves 196 cardiac failure 195 post stenotic aneurysm 196 rib notching 195 Turner's syndrome 267 abdominal 237,244

Coccidiomycosis 70, 351 Cockayne syndrome 788 Codman's triangle 347 Coeliac compression syndrome 244 Coenurosis, cerebral 774 Colloid cyst 736 Colon(-ic)

adenoma 577 AIDS 586,587,588

"gay bowel" syndrome 587 lymphoma 588 Kaposi's sarcoma 588

amebiasis 586 amyloid 593 angiodysplasia 593 atresia 595 bacterial dysentery basal cell nevus syndrome 576 Canada--{;ronkhite syndrome 576, 577 carcinoid 580, 594 carcinoma 578,585

cloacogenic 580 mucinous 580 scirrhous 580

cathartic 590 cecal bascule 591 Chaga'sdisease 587,592 colitis cystica profunda 592 Cowden's disease 576, 577 Crohn's disease 583

complications 585 cut otT sign (pancreatitis) 585 Cytomegalovirus colitis 587 diverticulitis 580 diverticulosis 580 endometriosis 592 extrinsic deformities 595 familial polyposis 577 fistula 581. 585 Gardner's syndrome 577 hamartomas 576 hemangioma 593 Hirschsprung's disease 575,592 ileocecal neoplasms 594 imperforate anus 574 infections 586 irritable bowel syndrome 593 ischemic colitis 588 intussusception 578,591 lipoma 577 lymphogranuloma venereum 587 lymphoid hyperplasia 577 lymphoma 578,588 megacolon 592 microcolon 575 necrotising enterocolitis 575,589

non rotation 574 obstruction 590 pericolic abscess 578, 580 parasitic infestations 586 Peutz-Jeger syndrome 576 polyposis syndromes 576,577 polyps 575

inllammatory 576

847

pneumatosis coli 588, 589, 592 pseudomembranmous colitis (antibiotic associated

colitis) 588 pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) 434,591

causes 435 radiation colitis 588 radiologic anatomy 573 renal disease complications 593 schistosomiasis 586 scleroderma 593 small left colon (hypoplastic) syndrome 575 solitary rectal ulcer syndrome 593 stenosis 5 75 toxic megacolon 581,583,585,588,592 trauma 595 tuberculosis 586 Turcot syndrome 576, 577 typhlitis 588 ulcerative colitis 581

complications 582 villous adenoma 575 viral colitis 587 volvulus, cecal 590

compound (ileosigmoid) 591 sigmoid 590

Colostomy lip shadow 399 Complete situs inversus 185 Computerised tomography see CT Congenital bicuspid valves 192 Congenital dislocation of the ankle 259 Congenital dislocation of the hip 257 Congenital generalised fibromatosis of bone 305 Congenital heart disease

classification 184 incidence 183

Congenital vertical talus 259 Contrast media 235,601

iodism 602 Coronary arteriography 160, 164 Coronary artery

angioplasty, percutaneous transluminal (PTCA) 159,230

indications 230 results 230

by-pass grafting (CABG) 159 calcification 163 congenital anomalies 207 Kawasaki's disease 208 thrombolysis 159

Craniometaphyseal dysplasia 264 Craniopharyngioma 742 Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease 787 Crohn's disease 550 Cronkhite--{;anada syndrome 541 Crouzon's craniofacial dysostosis 716 Cryptococcosis 70, 351 Crystal induced arthropathies 388 CSF otorrhea 776 CSF rhinorrhea 77 6 CT

cardiac 151 chest disease 6

Cushing's disease 505 avascular necrosis 361 fatty liver 473,505 mediastinal fat 119, 505

Cylindroma 91,112 Cystic angiomatosis of bone 310 Cystic fibrosis 52, 73 Cysticercosis 407, 774 Cytomegalovirus

bone 351 colon 587 encephalitis 771

848

Cytomegalovirus-cont. pulmonary infection 75

Cystometry (CMG) 666

Dacrocystography 819 Dactylitis 351 Dermatomyositis 387

lungs 100 Dermoid

cerebral 743 mediastinal 109

Desmoplastic fibroma 305 Diaphyseal aclasia 266. 301 Diabetic

foot 350 neuroarthropathy 391

Diaphragm( atic) 31 eventration 31 hernia 31,119

Bochdalek 32,119 Morgagni 32,119

subphrenic abscess 32 tumors 34 unilateral elevation (Table 2.2) 31

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) 379 Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis 100

causes (Table 6.2) 101 Digital Chest Radiography 4 Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) 154 Disc disease

cervical 799 thoracic 800 lumbo-sacral 800

Discitis 350, 801 Dissecting aneurysm 239 Dissection, internal carotid 780 Double aortic arch 212 Double inlet ventricle 208 Double outlet ventricle 208 Down's syndrome 268

annular pancreas 487 A V septal defect 193 Hirschsprong's disease 444 ribs 28

Drug abuse and necrotising vasculitis 241 Duodenum(a1)

carcinoma 541 diverticula 534 duodenitis 536 hetrotopic gastric mucosa 537 hypotonic duodenography 493 neoplasms 541 nodular lymphoid hyperplasia 537 non tropical sprue 537 normal radiological anatomy 533 obstruction 443 superior mesenteric artery syndrome 534 ulcer 539

Dwarfism 268 Dyschondrogenesis 269 Dyschondroosteosis 257 Dysplasia eplphysealis hemimelica 264

Ebstein's anomaly 208 Ecchinococcus see Hydatid Echocardiography 143

amyloid myocardial disease 179 atrial myxoma 217 bacterial endocarditis 171 color flow 147,180,193 continuous wave 147 contrast 147 Doppler 146,198.200

Doppler equation 146 flow assessment 147 pulsed 147

fetal 213 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 180 mitral annulus calcification 172 mitral stenosis 167

mitral regurgitation 169 M-mode 143 transesophageal 148 two-dimensional (2DE) 145,160,193

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome dural ectasia 803 splenic artery, aneurysm 484 trachea 46

Eisenmenger syndrome 187 Electrode jelly artefacts 399 Embolus(-i) 245

cerebral 755 pulmonary 132

Embolisation agents 248 cardiac applications 233 complications 248 indications 248 therapeutic 52,248

Emphysema 47 bullous 49 compensatory 49 congenital lobar 49 obstructive 49 unilateral 49

Enchondroma 300 Encephalomeningocele 716,718 Endometriosis 675

chocolate cysts 675 Endomyocardial fibrosis 181 Engelman's disease 266 Enteropathic arthropathy 386 Eosinophilgranuloma 319,730 Ependymoma 730 EpidermOid 743 Epidermoid carcinoma 356 Erdheim-Chester disease 344 Erlenmeyer flask deformity 261 Erosive (inflammatory) osteoarthritis 380 Esophag-us(-eal)

achalasia 524, 118 atresia 515 Barrett esophagus 518 Boerhaave rupture 527 congenital stenosis 515 dilIuse esophageal spasm 525 diverticula 523 duplication 516 dysphagia aortica 528 dysphagia lusoria 528 foreign bodies 527 glycogen acanthosis 515 hiatal hernia 516 intramural diverticulosis 524 Mallory-Weiss tear 527 motility disorders 524 neoplasms

adenocarcinoma 518,522 inflammatory reflux polyp 522 leiomyoma 520 secondary 522 squamous cell carcinoma 521

non reflux esophagitis caustic 519 infectious 519 medication induced 519 radiation 519

nutcracker esophagus 525 presbyesophagus 525 pseudodiverticula 518 radiological anatomy 515 reflux esophagitis 516 rimpling 515 rings 516

Schatzki's 516 rupture 126 scleroderma 118,525 stricture 119 techniques of examination 513 tertiary contractions 515 trauma 527 varices 526

Zenker's diverticulum 118,511 Ewing's tumor 305 Exercise ECG 164 Exophthalmos, dysthyroid 813

Subject Index

Extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) 451, 633

Extradural hematoma 777 Extradural empyema 767 Extramedullary hematopoiesis 118 Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis 97 Eye, foreign body localisation 820-823

Facets. dislocation and locked 279.280 Fahr's syndrome 788 Fallopian tubes

anatomy 673 blocked 685 hydrosalpinx 676,685 pyosalpinx 676

tuberculous 684 salpingitis 675

isthmica nodosa 685 tubo-ovarian abscess 675,676

Fallot's tetralogy 198 Familial hyperphosphatemia 327 Familial hypophosphatemia 325 Familial metaphyseal dysplasia 264 Familial polyposis coli 541 Fetus(-a1)

abdomen 693 abdominal circumference 691,696 brain 692 biparietal diameter 689,691,696 congenital anomalies

abdomen 704 neural axis 688-702 face and neck 702

Turner's syndrome 702 heart 703-4 skeleton 707-9 thorax 702 urinary tract 706--7

Potter's sequence 706. 707 crown rump length 688 death 709 face 693 femoral length 689,691,696 genitalia 694 gestational age assessment 696 gestation sac (MSD) 688 head circumference 691 HC/AC ratio 696,697 heart 693 hydrops 709 intra-uterine growth rate (IUGR) 697 macrosomic 698 multiple 709 pole 689 skeleton 694 skull 691 spine 692 spina bifida 692 thorax 693 twin 709

conjoined 710 twin-twin transfusion syndrome 710

urogenital tract 694 weight, estimated (EFW) 691,696,697

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva 267 Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium 261,327 Fibroleiomyosarcoma of uterus

lung metastases 91 Fibroma

pleural 44 Fibromuscular hyperplasia 244, 752 Fibrosarcoma of bone 305 Fibrosing alveolitis 10 1

cryptogenic 101 Fibrosing mediastinitis 112,252 Fibrous dysplasia 263 Fistula( e) rectal 444

Subject Index

Fluoroscopy 5 Fluorosis 335,374 Fontan operation 188 Foreign bodies 399 Forestier's disease 379 Fractures and fracture dislocations

acetabular 286 avascular necrosis 274 buckle 273 childhood 276 comminuted 273 complications 273 delayed union 274 facial bones 279 greenstick 273 isotope scanning 277 lower limb 291 malunion 274 non-union 274 pelvic 284 plastic 273 Salter-Harris classification 276 shoulder girdle 286 skull 278 sphenoid sinus 279 spine 279

burst 282 hangman's 282 Jefferson 282 odontoid 282 seat belt 284

stress 277,291 Sudeck's atrophy 274 upper limb 288

Barton's 289 Bennett's 290 Colles 289 Galeazzi 288 Monteggia 288 Smith's 289

Frankel's lines 327 Freiberg's infraction 366 Fungal brain infections 771

Gadolinium DTPA 400 Gallbladder (see also Biliary tract) 447

acute cholecystitis 455 radionuclide imaging 456

adenomyomatosis 454 biliary sludge 454 carcinoma 458 cholesterosis (strawberry gallbladder) 454 chronic cholecystitis 457 emphysematous cholecystitis 455 fistulae 456 gasin 457 limybile 454 lithotripsy 449 metastases in 458 Mirizzi syndrome 458 mucocele 457 oral cholecystogram 447 perforation 456 polyps 458 porcelain 454 Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses 447 trauma 458 ultrasound 447,454 valves of Heister 448

Gallstones 452 complications 452 gallstone ileus 433,436,563 extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) 451 Methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) dissolution 451 oral cholecystography 452 ultrasound 453

Gallium scanning bone infection 357 in chest 7 sarcoidosis 94

Ganglioglioma 737

Gangosa lesion 355 Gardner's syndrome 295,458,577,826,833,841 Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis 349 Gas in soft tissues 401

intramural (bowel wall) 433,437 in biliary tract 433,436,457 portal vein 444,457,490 retroperitoneal 438

Gas gangrene 402 Gaucher's disease 344, 362 Germ cell tumors

mediastinal 109 pineal 744

Geode formation 3 77 Giant cell reparative granuloma 310 Giant cell tumor 307 Giardiasis 554 Glioma 731,733,744

optic nerve 730 Globoid leukodystrophy 785 Glomusjugularetumor 745 Glomus tumor 311 Glucagon 532 Glycogen storage diseases 330 Gold radionuclide (l95mgold) 151 Goodpasture's syndrome 103 "Goose-neck" appearance 195 Gorham's disease 311 Goundou lesion 355 Gout 388 Great vessel anomalies 751 Guinea worm 407

Hand Schuller-Christian disease 101,319,730 Hansen's disease see Leprosy Hemangioblastoma 746 Hamartoma

pulmonary 91 Heart (cardiac)

aneurysm (left ventricle) 159 angiocardigraphy 153 balloon valvoplasty 231 calcification 143,163,171 cardiomegaly 140 CT 151 DSA 154 embolisation procedures 233 failure 161 fluoroscopy 14 3 hemodynamic principles 187 implants 218 interventional techniques 217 ischemic disease 1 57

chest X-ray (Table 10.4) 165 clinical presentation 158 non-atheromatous causes 158 risk factors (Table 10.1) 157 treatment 158

malformations 187 MRI 152 muscle disease 1 77

causes 178 imaging 178 features of different types 179

nuclear medicine 148 techniques (Table 9.2) 148 myocardial imaging 148, 159 radionuclide angiocardiography 150 radionuclide ventriculogram 159

position 186 prosthetic valves 219 septostomy 233 size 140 tumors 217 ultrasound see Echocardiography

Hemangioendothelioma 311 Hemangioma of bone 310 Hemangiopericytoma 311 Hematoma. soft tissue 400 Hemivertebra 257 Hemochromatosis 393,467,476

Hemodialysis spondyloarthropathy 391 Hemophilia 344,392

hemophilic pseudotumor 392 Hemorrhage 245,248

gastro-intestinal 248 Hemosiderosis 166, 467 Henoch-Schonlein purpura 442, 563, 569 Hepatic, hepato- see liver Hereditary spherocytosis 33 7 Herpes simplex encephalitis 770 Herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis 771 Hiatus hernia 119 Hirschsprung'sdisease 444,575,592 Histiocytic lymphoma of bone 306 Histiocytosis X

bones 319 lungs 101 skull 710

Histoplasmosis 69 Hodgkin's disease 88 Holt-{)ram syndrome 257 Homocystinuria 267,331. 334 Huntington's chorea 787 Hurler's mucopolysaccharidosis 269, 271 Hyaline membrane disease 104 Hydatid disease

bone 351 pulmonary 73

Hydrocephalus communicating 781 low pressure 787

Hyperostosis corticalis generelisata familiaris 262 Hyperparathyroidism 331,790 Hyperthyroidism 328 Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

imaging 180 Hypervitaminosis A 374 Hypochondroplasia 267 Hypogammaglobulinemia 73 Hypogonadism 328 Hypoparathyroidism 331,788 Hypopharynx

anatomy 509 crico-pharyngeal dysfunction 512 malignant neoplasms 511 myasthenia gravis 512 myotonic dystrophy 512 pharyngeal diverticular 511

pharyngeal pouch 511 Zenker's 511

pharyngeal pareSis 512 Plummer-Vinson syndrome 510 post-cricoid impression 510 webs 510

Hypophosphatasia 267,326,718 Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia/rickets 326 Hypoplasticleftheart 187,191

Idiopathicchondrolysis 275,330 Idiopathic coxa vara 259 Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism 331 Iliopsoas muscles displacing ureters 652 llealduplication 437 Iieosigmoid knot 436 Implantation dermoid 313 Indium III labelled leukocytes 357 Infantile cortical hyoerostosis 373 Inferior vena cava

anomalies 251 therapeutic interruption 251

Insulinoma 496 Intensive care

catheters 131 tubes 131

Intervertebral osteochondrosis 379 Interventional angiography 247 Intracerebral hemorrhage 762, 779

multiple petechial 779 Intramural hematoma 442 Intraosseous ganglion 314 Intussusception 437,570,591

849

850

Iodism 602 Isolated dextrocardia 186 Isolated levocardia 186 Isotope scanning

bone infection 357 three phase 357

Jaws see Teeth and jaws Juvenile chronic arthritis 386 Juxtacortical chondroma 300

Kaposi's sarcoma lunginAIDS 76

Kartagener syndrome 50 Kawasaki's disease 208 Kerley's A and B lines 89, 166 Kidney (renal)

abscess 638 acquired cystic disease 623

neoplasms in 623 adenoma 623 anatomy 603 angiomyolipoma 624 antegrade pyelography 605 candidiasis 643 calculi 633 congenital hydronephrosis 612 congenital megacalyces 608 cortical cyst 61 7

calcification 618 multiple simple 619

CT 606 embryology 607 extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) 633 fetal lobulation 603 focal bacterial nephritis 638 horseshoe 609 hydatid 643 hypernephroma 625

calcification 627 cysts and 628 staging 626

hypertension and renal artery stenosis 644 renal angiography 645 renal vein renin sampling 645

leukemia 629 leukoplakia 631. 640 lymphoma 629 malakoplakia 639 malrotation 609 mass puncture 605 medullary cystic disease 623 medullary sponge 622 mesenchymal tumors 624 mesoblastic nephroma 625 metastases in 629 MRI 607 multicystic dysplastic 608, 623 multilocular cystic nephroma 625 nephrocalcinosis 634

cortical 634 medullary 635

oncocytoma 624 papillary necrosis 646 parapelvic cysts 619 pelvi-calyceal system 604 percutaneous nephrostomy 60S perinephric abscess 639 perinephric pseudocyst 619 polycystic disease 619

childhood types 620 adult 621

pyelogenic cysts 619 pyelonephritis

acute 637 chronic 641 emphysematous 638 xanthogranulomatous 639

pyeloureteritis cystica 640 pyonephrosis 639

radioisotope scintigraphy 607 reflux nephropathy 641 renal agenesis 607 renal dysplasia 608 renal ectopia 609 renal hypoplasia 608 renal tubular acidosis 636 renal tubular ectasia 622 reninoma 624 retrograde loopography 604 retrograde pyelography 604 squamous cell carcinoma 631 supernumerary 608 transitional cell carcinoma 629 trauma 649 transplantation 650

complications 651 tuberculosis 642 tuberous sclerosis 619, 624 urinoma 619 ultrasound 606 Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome 619,625 Wilms'tumor 628

Kienbock's disease 364 Klatskin tumor 459 Klippel-Feil syndrome 717,791 Klippel-Trenauney syndrome 250 Kohler's disease 366 Kyphoscoliosis 31

Large bowel obstruction 433 Lead poisoning 335, 3 74 Left atrium, morphology 185 Left ventricle( -ular)

aneurysm 159,162 dilatation 170 morphology 184

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease 365 Leprosy 354,391,403 Leptomeningeal cyst (post traumatic) 777 Letterer-Siwe disease

bones 319 lungs 101 skull 730

leukemia bone 340 liver 470 lung 89 skull 730

Leukodystrophies 785 Leukoencephalopathy 783 Lipiodol 400 Lipoma

bone 312 pleural 44 soft tisue 400

Lipohemarthrosis 401 Liposarcoma of bone 312 Liver (hepatic, hepato-) 463

abscess amebic 472 pyogenic 472

adenoma 468 angiography 466 angiosarcoma 473 biopsy, fine needle 467 Budd-Chiari syndrome 472, 476 calcification 464 candidiasis 473 chemotherapy infusion 467 cholangiocarcinoma 471 cirrhosis 474 CT 465 cysts 467

hydatid 472 polycystic disease 468

embolisation 467 fatty 473 focal nodular hyperplasia 468 gas shadows in 464 hemangioblastoma 473

hemangioma 468 hemochromatosis 467,476 hemosiderosis 467 hepatoblastoma 472 hepatoma 469

fibrolamellar 469 hepatomegaly 463 leukemia 470 lobar agenesis 467 lymphoma 470 mesenchymal hamartoma 472 metastases 470 MRI 467 phlebography 467 radionuclide imaging 465 Reid!'s lobe 467 schistosomiasis 475 trauma 476 ultrasound 465 viral hepatitis 474 Wilson's disease 475

Loa-loa 407,775 Loeffler's syndrome 71, 100 Looping

D-loop 186 L-loop 186

Looser's zones 324, 326 Lung

abscess 64 aspiration 96

meconium 105 post operative pneumonitis 128

air bronchogram 1 7 alveolar cell carcinoma 85 alveolar edema 141 alveolar shadowing 17

causes (Table 1. 5) 18 amyloidosis 104 atelectasis, post-operative 128 carcinoma see bronchial carcinoma cavity 23 collapse 53

lobar 54 consolidation 58

lobar 58

Subject Index

diffuse pulmonary shadowing in immunocom­promised causes (Table 4.2) 75

drug reactions 103 edema 104,128

interstitial 141 empyema 129 eosinophila 100, 103 fibrosis due to cytotoxic drugs 103 hamartoma 91 hemorrhage 103 hemosiderosis 103 hila(r) 13

enlargement 26 Hodgkin's disease 88 honeycomb shadowing 21 infection (see also under pneumonia) 61

in immunocompromised 74 causes (Table 4.1) 75

post operative 128 predisposing causes 74

interlobar fissure 13 interstitial disease

causes (Table 1.6) 19 interstitial pulmonary emphysema 119 Kerley B lines 20,21,141 leukemia 89 metastases 8 5

calcification 87 cavitating 87 uterine fibroleiomyosarcoma 91 lymphangitis carcinomatosa 87

miliary shadowing causes 19 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 89 oxygen toxicity 97 post-operative complications 128 radiation pneumonitis 127 rounded atelectasis 55

Subject Index

septal lines 141 sequestration 74 silhouette sign 1 7 solitary nodule 20, 21 trauma 126

radiation 127 tuberculosis 65

Lymphangiography 253 Lymphangiomatosis

bone 254,310 spleen 484

Lymphangiomyomatosis 102 Lymphangiosarcoma 254 Lymphangitis carcinomatosa 87,493 Lymphedema 253 Lymphedema praecox 251 Lymphocele 253,651 Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia 90 Lymphoma

bone 306 cerebral 750 intrathoracic 88 liver 470 lung in AIDS 76 skull 730

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis 100 Lymphsarcoma, skull 730

Mach effect 399 Machiafava-Bignani disease 785 Macleod's syndrome 49 Madelung's deformity 257,269 Maduromycosis see Mycetoma Maffucci's syndrome 301 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

aortic valve disease 1 76 avascular necrosis 360 bone infection 357

radiation injury 373 cardiac 152 chest disease 7 joints 395 soft tissue masses 400

Malabsorption 324 Malaria cerebral 774 Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone 305 Malrotation 444 Mammography 411

calcification 420 indications 411 preoperative localisation 425 signs of malignancy 415

Mandible see also Teeth and jaws fractures 837

Marfan's syndrome 112,239,267 Mastocytosis 318,566 Meconium aspiration 10 5 Meconium ileus 444, 563 Meconium peritonitis 563 Meckel's diverticulum 437,549,563 Mediastin-um(al) 107

aneurysm of thoracic aorta 112 acute mediastinitis 120 bronchogenic cyst 112 chronic (fibrosing) mediastinitis 121 emphysema 119, 126 fat 119 germ cell tumors 109 hemorrhage 121, 127 Lymph nodes

Castleman's disease 112 calcification causes (Table 7.2) 110 enlargement causes (Table 7.3) 110 Hodgkin's disease 112 lymphadenopathy 109 lymphatic leukemia 112 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 112 sarcoidosis 112 tuberculosis 112 histoplasmosis 112

masses (Table 7.1) 107

mesenchymal tumors 119 neurogenic tumors 112 pleuropericardial cyst 112 retrosternal goitre 107 thymic 108 trauma 126 veins dilated 112

Medulloblastoma 736 Melorheostosis 262 Menetrier's disease 536 Membranous lipodystrophy 321 Mendelson's sY!1drome 96 Meningocele 716,718

lateral thoracic 118 Mesenteric adenitis 437 Mesenteric artery occlusion 442 Mesothelioma, pleural 44 Metachromatic leukodystrophy 785 Metaphyseal dysplasias 264 Meteorism 412 Meyer's dysplasia 366 Mineralising microangiopathy 785 Mitral annulus calcification 1 71 Mitral regurgitation 168

angiography 169 bacterial endocarditis 1 71 causes (Table 10.5) 168 chest X-ray 169 echocardiography 169 ischemic damage 170 left ventricular dilatation 1 70

Mitral stenosis 165 angiography 168 chest X-ray 165

pulmonary venous congestion 166 Kerley's A and B lines 166

congenital 208 echocardiography 167

Mitral valve abnormalities congenital mitral stenosis 208 cor triatriatum 208 supramitral ring 208

Mongolism see Down's syndrome Morgagni hernia 32 Morquio Brailsford mucopolysacchartdosis 269,271 Mounier-Kuhn syndrome 46 Moyamoya disease 753 Mucopolysaccharidoses 269 Multiple enchondromas 300 Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

type 1 (Werner's syndrome) 496,502 type 2 (Sipple's syndrome) 502 type 3 502

Multiple exostoses 266, 301 Multiplemyeloma 316,730 Multiple metaphyseal dysplasia 264 Multiple sclerosis 783 Muscular dystrophy 400 Myasthenia gravis 108 Mycetoma 351 Myelofibrosis 342 Myelomatosis 316, 730 Myocardial disease, dilating

myocarditis 179 alcoholic 179 amyloid 179 Chagas' disease 180 cytotoxic drug 1 79 hypertensive 179 endocardial fibroelastosis 1 79 sarcoidosis I 80

Myocardial infarction chest X-ray 161

pulmonary edema 161 complications 158, 161 scanning 149

99mTc pyrophosphate 149,161 Myocardial perfusion imaging 149,159

99mTc MIBI 149 Thallium-201 149

Myodil (Pantopaque) 400 Myositis ossificans 275,410

851

Myositis ossificans congenita (progressiva) 267,407

Necrotising enterocolitis 444 Neonatal intestinal obstruction 443 Neonatal pulmonary distress 104 Neurilemmoma see Schwannoma Neuroarthropathy 391 Neurofibroma

bone 312 skin nodules 399

Neurofibromatosis bone 312 calcification 403 chest wall 28 lungs 102 mediastinal 118 orbit 717,815 pheochromocytoma in 502 skull 724

Neurogenic tumors, mediastinal 112 Neuroenteric cyst 118 Nieman-Pick disease 344 Nipple shadows 399 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 89

Occipitalisation of the atlas 791 Obliterative bronchiolitis 49 Obstetric ultrasound 687 Ochronosis see alkaptonuria Odontoid anomalies 792 Odontoid erosion 382,387 Ogilvie's syndrome 434 Olivopontocerebellar atrophy 787 Oilier's disease 300 Orbit(-al)

inflammatory conditions abscess 818 cellulitis 818 pseudotumoe 819

tumors AV malformation 817 blood cysts 818 cholesterol granuloma 815 dermoid 815 epidermoid 814 hemangioma 817 hematoma 818 lacrimal gland 817 lymphocytic hyperplasia, benign reactive 816 lymphoma 816 meningioma 814 metastases 816 carcinoid 81 7 neurilemmoma 817 neurofibromatosis 815 rhabdomyosarcoma 817 varices 817 venous malformation 818

Oropharynx 509 Os odontoideum 792 Osgood-Schlatter disease 367 Ossification

soft tissues 409 paraplegic 410

Osteitis condensans i1ii 378 Osteitis pubis 351. 379 Osteoarthritis 3 77 Osteochondritis dissecans 362 Osteogenesis imperfecta 260, 330, 718 Osteoid osteoma 295 Osteoma 295 Osteoblastoma 295 Osteochondritis dissecans 362 Osteochondroma 301 Osteochondroses 364 Osteoclastoma 307 Osteomalacia 324,325 Osteomyelitis 347

complications 356 diabetic of foot 350

852

Osteomyelitis--cont. mandibular 350 sclerosing (Garre) 349 spine 350

Osteonecrosis see avascular necrosis Osteopathia striata 261 Osteopetrosis 261 Osteopoikilosis 261 Osteoporosis 327-331

endocrine 328 idiopathic male 328 juvenile 328 localised 330 postmenopausal 328 senile 328 transient (regional) 330

Osteosarcoma 296-300 Ostium primum defect 192 Ostium secundum defect 192 Ovar-ies( -ian)

Brenner tumor 681 clear cell carcinoma 681 corpus luteum cyst of pregnancy 688 cumulus oophorus 683 dermoid cyst 681,684 endometriod carcinoma 681 endometriomas 682 fibromas 681. 684

Meig's syndrome 681. 684 follicles 673, 680 follicular cysts 682 function monitoring 683 metastases in 681

Krukenberg tumor 681 mucinous cystadenoma 680 mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 680 oophoritis 675 parovarian cysts 682 remnant syndrome 682 serous cystadenocarcinoma 680 serous cystadenoma 680 size 673 teratoma 681 theca lutein cysts 680, 682 torsion 682 tubo-ovarian abscess 676

Ovarian dysgerminoma, mediastinal 109 Ovarian vein syndrome 252 Oxalosis 334

Pacemakers 132,222 complications 222 infection 225 insertion 222 thromboembolic complications 223 Twiddler's syndrome 223

Paget's disease 317,368 complications 370 osteoporosis circumscripta 317,368 osteosarcoma 299,317,370

Pancoast tumor 42, 80 Pancreas(-eatic) 485

abscess 488 acute pancreatitis 488

barium studies 489 complications 488 cr 489 necrotising vasculitis 241. 488 ultrasound 489

adenocarcinoma 493 ampullary carcinoma 495 angiography 486, 494 annular 487 biopsy, fine needle 487, 494 calcification 485,490 chronic pancreatitis 490 cr 486 cysts 493

Von Hippel-Lindau disease 493 cystic fibrosis 487 development 485

divisum 487 ectopic 487 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

(ERCP) 486 fatty 487-8 hemochromatosis 488 hereditary pancreatitis 490 islet cell tumors 496 microcystic adenoma 495 mucinous cystadenoma 495 pancreaticoblastoma 495 pseudocyst 488,490,492 Schwachmann-Dlamond syndrome 488 trauma 492 ultrasound 485

Panner's disease 366 Pantopaque (Myodil) 400 Paragonomiasis

cerebral 774 pulmonary 72

Paralytic ileus 439 Parasitic brain infections 772 Parkinson's disease 787 Parotid see Salivary glands Patella, bipartite 259 Patent ductus arteriosus 187, 190 Patentforamen ovale 192 Pediatric cardiac surgery 184 Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease 785 Pelkan's spurs 327 Pellegrini-Stieda lesion 275, 410 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 675 Pelvic lipomatosis 653,660 Pelvic pain syndrome 252 Percutaneous biopsy see biopsy Percutaneous chemotherapy 248 Percutaneous thrombolysis 248 Pericardium(-al)

absent 230 constrictive pericarditis 229 cysts 230 disease 225 diverticulum 230 effusion 162, 227

imaging 227 imaging 225 post pericardotomy syndrome 131 pericarditis 226 thickening 228 tumors 229

Peritonitis 441 Peutz-Jegher syndrome 458,541. 576 Pharynx see hypopharynx and oropharynx Phenylketonuria 267 Pheochromocytoma 502

mediastinal 118 Phlebography 249

lower limb 249 Phrenic nerve operative damage 130 Pick's disease 787 Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) 313, 393,

394 Pineal tumors 744 Pinna shadow 399 Pituitary insufficiency 329

empty sella 742 tumors 730, 739

Placental -I) abruption 710 accreta 710 calcification 695 chorioangioma 710 chorioniC viUous sampling 695 increta 710 percreta 710 previa 695,710 site 691

Plasmacytoma 316 Pleura(l) 34

calcification 42 empyema 129 fluid (effusion) IS, 34, 141

causes (Table 2.3) 34 lamellar effusions 34 loculated 36 post thoracotomy 129, 130 rheumatoid disease 98 subpulmonary pleural effusions 35

thickening 41 fibrothorax 42

tumors 44 Pleuropericardial cyst 114 Plummer-Vinson syndrome 510 Pneumatocele 23 Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis 439 Pneumocephalus 776 Pneumoconioses 94

asbestosis 95 barytosis 96 berylliosiS 96 coal worker's 95 progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) 96 Caplan's syndrome 96 siderosis 96 silicosis 94 stannosis 96

Pneumocystis carini! 75 Pneumonia and pneumonitis

aspiration

Subject Index

gastric fluid (Mendelson's syndrome) 96 paraffin 97 petrol 97 operative 128

branching bacteria Actinomycosis, Nocardiosis 69

bronchopneumonia 61 chlamydial 62 fungal

aspergiUosis 71 histoplasmosis 69 coccidioidomycosis 70 blastomycosis 70 cryptococcosis (torulosis) 70

Gram-negative 64 hypersensivity

bagassosis 97 bird fancier's lung 97 farmer's lung 97 humidifier (air conditioning) 97 mushroom worker's lung 97

influenza 62 irritant gas 97 Klebsiella 64 Legionnaires'disease 64 lipoid 96 lobar 61 lymphoid interstitial 90 mycoplasma 63 pneumococcal 63 post operative 128 protozoal

Entamoeba histolytica 71 Pneumocystis Toxoplasmosis 71

ricketsial 62 staphylococcal 63 varicella 62 viral 61

Pneumopericardium, post operative 130 Pneumoperitoneum 437.444

causes 437 post operative 130

Pneumothorax 36 causes (Table 2.4) 38 complications 37 hemopneumothorax 38 postoperative 128, 130 pyopneumothorax 39 tension 37 Histioctosis X 10 1

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), arterial aneurysms 241 chest 100 small bowel 569

Subject Index

Polydactyly 257 Polymyositis 387

lungs 100 Popliteal cyst 244 Popliteal entrapment 244 Porencephalic cyst 781 Portal hypertension 252, 475 Portal vein

arterial portography 252 gas in 444,457,465 percutaneous transhepatic portography 253 phlebography 252,466 schistosomiasis 475

Positron emission tomography (PET) 1 51 Post infectious encephalitis 769 Pregnancy

anembryonic 689 early failure 689 ectopic 690 first trimester 687

Primitive sciatic artery 237 Progeria 3 75 Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia 266 Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) 96 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

771 Prostate(-ic)

benign hypertrophy 660 outflow obstruction 668

calculi 637 carcinoma 661 cysts 661 inflamation 662 post prostatectomy appearances 662

Prosthetic cardiac valves 219 dysfunction 219 imaging 220 regurgitation 220

Proximalfemoral focal defect (PFFD) 259 Prune belly syndrome 615 Pseudo-achondroplasia 267 Pseudocoarctation of the thoracic aorta 237 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 331 Pseudolymphoma 90 Pseudomembranous colitis 442 Pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism 331 Pseudothrombosis of the internal carotid 754 Psittacosis 62 Psoriatic arthritis 382, 386 Pulmonary see Lung for most lesions

alveolar microlithiasis 104 alveolar proteinosis 104 angiomatous malformation 207 arterial hypertension 141, 167 artery sling 212 edema 104, 161

interstitial 141,142 post operative 128

eosinophilia 100 embolism 132

chronic 133 post operative 128 predisposing factors 132

emphysema interstitial 12 6 neonatal 104

hemosiderosis 166 overcirculation 142 systemic supply 142 underperfusion 142, 143 unequal perfusion 142 venous congestion 142,166 venous hypertension 141

Pulmonary atresia 188,209 withVSD209 withoutVSD 210

Pulmonary stenosis 196 acquired 177 infundibular 196

Pulmonary valve regurgitation 1 77 Pyarthrosis 356 Pycnodysostosis 260

PylOriC stenosis 443

Q-Fever 62

Radiation injury bone 372 Radionuclide scanning, heart see under Heart and

angiocardiography Radionuclide scanning lung 7 Rathke's cleft cyst 742 Rectal atresia 444 Rectourethral fistula 444 Rectovaginal fistula 444 Rectovesical fistula 444 Reiter's syndrome 383 Renal see also Kidney Renal artery( -ies)

aneurysm 645 AV fistula 646 AVM 646 congenital multiple 217 embolisation 646 microvascular disease 645 stenosis 244, 644

Renal calculi hyperparathyroidism 332

Renal osteodystrophy 332 Renal tubular acidosis 325 Renal tubular disorders 324 Renal vein thrombosis 646 Reticulum cell sarcoma 306 Retroperitoneal fibrosis 652 Retroperitoneal gas 437 Retrosternal goitre 10 7 Reye's syndrome 770 Rhabdomyosarcoma, cardiac 218 Rheumatoid arthritis 380

atlanta-axial subluxation 382, 386 juvenile onset 386 odontoid erosion 382,386

Rheumatoid disease lung 98 and pneumoconiosis (Caplan's syndrome) 96,98

Rib(s) expansion 30 fractures 124 increased density 30 notching 28,29,131. 195

Rickets 324 Right atrium, morphology 185 Right sided aortic arch 200, 211 Right ventricle, morphology 185 Rigler's sign 437 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 62 Rotator cuff injury 288 Rubella 351 Ruptured intraventricular septum 161 Ruptured papillary muscle 162

Sacralisation of L5 791 Salivary glandes)

anatomy 507 calculi 508 congenital absence 509 ductal stricture 508 inflammation

sialoadenitis 508 sialosis 508

Sjogren's syndrome 508 tumor

mixed tumor 509 malignant 509 pulmonary 91

Sarcoidosis bone 371 cardiac 180 pulmonary 93 egg-shell calcification 93

Scheuermann's disease 367 Schilder's disease 784

Schistosomiasis bladder and ureter 64 3 cerebral 77 5 colon 586 portal 475 pulmonary 72

Schwannoma bone 312

Scleroderma 119,387,565,593 Scurvy 327 Segmental cardiac connections 186 Seminoma, mediastinal 109 Seronegative chronic arthritis 386 Seronegative spondyloarthropathies 382 Sever's disease 368 Sickle cell disease 337,361 Siderosis 96 Silicosis 94

Caplan's syndrome 95 egg-shell calcification in nodes 95

Simple bone cyst 314 Sinding-Larsen disease 367 Single inlet ventricle 208 Sinus of Val salva aneurysm 210 Sinus venosus defect 192 Sinuses

angiomatous polyp 842 carcinoma 842 esthesioneuroblastoma 843 lethal midline granuloma 841 maxillary sinus hypoplasia 839 metastases 843 mucocele 840 osteoma 841 plasmacytoma 843 polyps 840 sarcoidosis 841 sinusitis 839

complications 840 fungal 840

trauma 843 blow-out fracture 843 mid face fractures

Le Fort types 844 sphenoid sinus and skull base 844 tripod fracture 843

Wegener's granulomatosis 841 Situs ambiguus 186 Situs solitus 185 Sjogren's syndrome 100, 508 Skull

basal angle 717 basilar impression 717 basilar invagination 717 congenital parietal foramina 717 congenital dermal sinus 71 7 craniosynostosis 715 encephalocele 716 fractures 77 5 histiocytosis 730 intracranial tumors involving 730 lacunar 716 meningocele 716

sphenoid in neurofibromatosis 71 7 platybasia 717 raised intracranial pressure 72 7 sinus pericranii 718 suprasellar lesions 741 tumors

primary carcinoma ofthe nasopharynx 729 carcinoma of the sphenoid 72 9 chordoma 729 dermoids 728 epidermoid 728 glomus jugulare 729 hemangioma 728 ossifying fibroma 728 osteoma 728 osteogenic sarcoma 728 solitary plasmacytoma 729

secondary 72 9

853

854

Slipped femoral capital epiphysis 276 Small bowel

actinomycosis 553 adenocarcinoma 552,558 AIDS 553,555,559 amyloidosis 565 angiography 547 anisakiasis 554 ascariasis 554 atresia 443, 548 barium examinations 546 Beh~t's syndrome 569 blastomycosis 553 Campylobacter infection 554 carcinoid syndrome 557 celiac disease 564 Crohn's disease 550

complications 551 CT 547 cystic fibrosis 563,567 disaccharidase deficiency 567 diverticulosis 549 duplications 550 embryology 547 enteroclysis 546 enteroscopy 547 eosinophilic enteritis 554 gallstone ileus 563 Giardiasis 553 graft versus host disease 567 hemorrhage 547,569

intramural 568 Henoch-8chonlein purpura 563, 569 hernia 562

Richter 562 histoplasmosis 553 hookworm infestation 544 internal hernias 548 lactase deficiency 567 lower g,i, bleeding and radionuclides 547 lymphangiectasis 565 lymphoid hyperplasia 555,562,567

ileocolic intussusception 555, 562 lymphoma 559 malabsorption 564

bacterial overgrowth 567 immune deficiency 567

Meckel's diverticulum 549, 563 mesenteric artery occlusion and ischemia 567 mesenteric venous thrombosis 568 midgut volvulus 548 neoplasms 556

benign 556 carcinoid 55 7 malignant 558 polyposis 557

metastatic 560 nonrotation 548 obstruction 433,560

adhesions 561 gallstone ileus 563 hernias 562 intussusception 562 Ladd's bands 548 meconium ileus 563 volvulus 562

omphalocele 548 polyarteritis nodosa 569 pseudodiverticula 549 radiation enteritis 554,569 radiological anatomy 545 radionuclide scintigraphy 547 scleroderma 565 stenosis 548 strongyloidiasis 554 systemic Mastocytosis 566 trauma 569 tropical sprue 564 tuberculosis 552 typhoid 554 ulcerative enteritis 555 ultrasound 547

vasculitis 569 Whipple's disease 564 Yersinia ileitis 553 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 566

Spinal cord dural and intradural extramedullary lesions 802

arachnoid cysts 803 arachnoiditis 804 cysts 806 dermoid 802 dural A V fistula 804 dural ectasia 794, 802, 802, 803 lipo-myelo-meningo-dysplasia 802 meningioma 804 meningocele 802 metastases 804 neurofibroma 804 sacral cysts 803

intradural intramedullary lesions 806 angioma 811 atrophy 811 ependymoma 807 glioma 807 hemangioblastoma 808

inflammation 810 irradiation 810

lipoma 807 diastematomyelia 807 myelomeningocele 806 syringomyelia 808

trauma 810 Spine

ankylosing spondylitis 794 congenital anomalies 791 crystal deposit diseases 799 DISH 799 epidural abscess 795 epidural granuloma 795 hyperparathyroidism 799 osteomyelitis 795 scoliosis 791 inflammatory diseases 791 neoplasms 796-7 Paget's disease 799 rheumatoid arthritis 791

atlanta-axial subluxation 791 erosions 792 inflammatory soft tissue masses 792

sacral agenesis 802 spondylolisthesis 802 stenosis 810 trauma 796-9

Spleen (splenic) 477 abscess 480, 481 angiography 480 asplenia 481 calcmcation 478,483 candidiasis 482 CT 480 cysts 483 hemangioma 483 hydatid 482 infarct 483 lymphangiomatosis 484 lymphoma 483 metastases 483 MRI 481 polysplenia 481 radionuclide imaging 480 sickle cell disease 478 spleno-gonadal fusion 481 splenomegaly 478 splenunculi 481 Thorotrast 479 trauma 482 ultrasound 480 wandering 481

Smallpox see Variola Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia 271 Spondylosis deformans 379 Spongiform degeneration 785 Spontaneous osteonecrosis 363

Sprengel's shoulder 257 Stannosis 96 Sternum( -all

dehiscence 131 depressed 27

stUl's disease 386 Stomach (gastric)

antral web 534 barium examination techniques 530

multiphasic examination 532 benign neoplasms 541

leiomyoma 541 polyps 541

benign uIcer 537 carcinoma 539

diverticulum 534 linitis plastica 541

extrinsic masses 533 gastritis 534

atrophic 535 chronic antral 535 corosive 536 erosive 535 hypertrophic 535 Menetrier's disease 536 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 536

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 534 lymphoma 541 normal radiological anatomy 533 surgery 542 volvulus 534

Strangulated hernia 433

Subject Index

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 770 Sub aortic stenosis 191 Subarachnoid hemorrhage 757,763,778 Subclavian steal 753 Subdural hematoma 778 Subdural abscess 767 Syringomyelia 719,808 Sudeck's atrophy 274,330 Superior vena cava

phlebography 252 obstruction 252

Supraspinatus tendonitis 389 Surgical emphysema 27 Swyer-James syndrome 49 Synovial osteochondromatosis 313, 393 Synovioma, malignant 313 Syphilis

bone 354 Syringomyelia

neuroarthropathy 391 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

avascular necrosis 387 lung 98 necrotising arteritis 241 polyarthritis 387

Systemic sclerosis bones and joints 387 lungs

aspiration pneumonia 99 carcinoma 99 fibrosing alveolitis 98

Tabes dorsalis neuroarthropathy 391 Talipes equino varus 259 Takayasu's arteritis 753 Teeth and jaws

acromegaly 832 caries 825,827 cementoma 830 complex odontome 830 compound odontome 830 cretinism 833 Cushing's syndrome 833 cysts of the jaws

aneurysmal bon.. 831 fissural 831 inclusion (Stafne) 832 odontogenic

developmental 831

Subject Index

inflammatory 831 simple bone 831

development 825 developmental anomalies

anodotia 826 dens in dente 826 macrodontia 827 microdontia 826 supernumerary teeth 826

eosinophil granuloma 829 gigantism 832 hypercementosis 829 hyperparathyroidism 833

brown tumors 833 infection

granuloma 828 periapical 827 loss oflamina dura 828 osteomyelitis 827,828

malalig~ment 827 non eruption 827 normal anatomy 825 Paget's disease 836 periodontal disease 827 radionecrosis 830 sclerosis of jaws

chronic osteomyelitis 828 chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis 829 Garre's sclerosing osteomyelitis 829 osteopetrosis 830 pyknodysostosis 831 reparative osteosclerosis 829

Thalassemia 836 trauma and fractures 838 tumors

ameloblastoma 835 Burkitt's lymphoma 835 Gardner's syndrome 833 Ewing's 835 fibrous dysplasia 833

cherubism 834 giant cell 833 metastases 835 myeloma 835 ossifying fibroma 834 osteoma 833 osteosarcoma 835 squamous cell carcinoma 834

Technetium 99mTc MIBI scans 149 99mTc pyrophosphate 149

Temporo-mandibular jOints dysfunction syndrome 837 hyperparathyroidism 837 mucopolysaccharidoses 837 osteoarthritis 836 rheumatoid arthritis 836 sero-negative arthritides 836

Teratoma cerebral 743 mediastinal 109

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism 334 Testis( -icular)

anorchia 670 ectopic 670 epididymo-orchitis 669 epididymal cysts 670 hydrocele 669 spermatocele 670 torsion 670 tumors 669 undescended 670 varicocele 669

Thalassemia 339 Thallium-20l 149 Thoracotomy, complications 128 Thoracic inlet syndrome 244 Thorotrast 400 Thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome

257 Thrombolysis 159, 249 Thrombosis

arterial 244 venous 249

Thymus(ic) 14 masses 108 thymoma 108

Thyroid acropachy 328 Tomography, linear chest 4 Topology see Looping Torulosis see cryptococcosis Toxoplasmosis

cerebral 772 puhnonary 71

Trachea(l) 45,13 abnormalities 114 amyloid 104 carcinoma 114 cylindroma 114 narrowing 45 rupture 126 tracheomalacia 114 trachesophageal fistula 45 tumors 45 widening (tracheobronchomegaly) 46, 114

Transient osteoporosis 275 Transient tachypnea of the newborn 105 Transposition 188 Transposition ofthe great arteries 200

atrial bame operation 203 great arterial switch operation 203 L-transposition 204 Rashkind balloon septostomy 201

Trichinosis 77 5 Tricuspid atresia 210 Tricuspid regurgitation 176 Tricuspid stenosis 1 76 Tropical ulcer 355 Trumerfeld zone 327 Truncus arteriosus 211 Tuberculosis

bone 352 pulmonary 65

lymphadenopathy 65, 68 miliary 67 pleural 68 silicosis and 94 tuberculoma 68

Tuberous sclerosis bones 264,374 kidneys 619 lungs 91. 102 pheochromocytoma 502

Turner's syndrome 276,328

Ulcerative colitis 386 Ultrasound, in chest disease 7 Umbilical cord 695

single artery 695 nuchal 696 prolapsed 696

Urachus(-al) cyst 615 diverticulum 615 patent 615 sinus 615

Urethra(-I) atresia 663 anterior urethral valves 616 calculi 637 carcinoma 664 congenital narrowing 663 diverticula 615 duplication 613,614,663 infections and strictures 663 periurethral abscess 664 posterior urethral valves 615 post operative 665 prune belly syndrome 615 stricture 663 trauma 663

Ureter(-al) 664,610 calculi 633

deviation by retroperitoneal lesions 642 duplication 610 ectopic 610 hydroureter 612 post transplant obstruction 651 primary megaureter 612 pyeloureteritis cystica 640 retrocaval 613 rudimentary branched 613 schistosomiasis 643 transitional cell carcinoma 629 vesico-ureteric reflux 641

Ureterocele 610 ectopic 611 pseudoureterocele 611

Urodynamics 666 Urodynamogram

ultrasound (USUD) 666 intravenous (lVUD) 666

Uroflowmetry 666 Utricaria pigmentosa 318 Uter-us(-ine)

adenomyosis 675 carcinosarcoma 679 cervical carcinoma 679

staging 679 choriocarcinoma 680 congenital anomalies 674,685,711

associated renal anomalies 675 IT 685 endometrial carcinoma 678

staging 678 endometrial cavity 672 endometrial polyp 678 endometritis 675 fibroid 677,684,685 hysterosalpingography 684 hydatidiform mole 679 hydrometrocolpos 677

855

intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD) 675,683, 684

intrauterine fluid collections 676 MRI 685 leiomyoma 677,684 leiomyosarcoma 677,679 lymphoma 679 pregnancy abnormalities

congenital anomalies 711 premature dilatation of cervix 710 myomata 711 IUCD 711

pyometrium 677 rhabdomyosarcoma 679 retained products 677 retroversion 672 retroflexion 672 size 672 ultrasound 671

Vacuum disc phenomenon 379 Vagina(-al)

endovaginal ultrasound scanning 671. 687 ultrasound anatomy 671 tampon 684

Vanishing bone disease 311 Varicella 62 Variola 351 Vascular rings 211 Vasoconstrictors in Gl hemorrhage 248 VATER acronym 444 Vein( s)( -enous)

azygos 13,465 hemiazygos 465 imaging 250 lower limb 249 malformations 250 pelvis 251 thrombosis 249

splenic 492 upper limb 252

Venous angioma of brain 759

856

Ventilation, positive pressure, complications 131 Ventricular septal defect 187,188 Verner-Morrison (WDHA) syndrome 497 Videocystometrography (VCMG) 666 Vinyl-chloride poisoning 335 Viscero-atrial situs inversus (isolated levocardia) 186 Vitamin C deficiency 327 Vitamin D abnormalities 323 Vitamin D deficiency 324 Vitamin D resistant rickets 325 Volkmann's ischaemic contracture 275 Volvulus 435 Von Gierke's disease 330

VonHippel-Lindaudisease 493,502,619,746,808 Von Recklinghausen' s disease, see neurofibromatosis Von Willebrand's disease 345

Waldenstrom's sign 365 Wegener's granulomatosis

chest 99 arteritis 241

Wet lung disease 105 Whipple's disease 386, 564 White matter diseases 783 White matter shearing (diffuse azonal injury) 779

Wilson's disease 334,394,475,787 Wilson-Mikity syndrome 105 Wimberger's sign 327

Xero-mammography 414

Yaws 355

Subject Index

Zenker's diverticulum 118 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 496, 536, 566